Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay induced by the fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10/Rv1985c) for detecting active tuberculosis (ATB) in clinically visiting patients.

Methods: A total of 970 subjects (215 in ATB group and 755 in non-ATB group) underwent both an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and a TB-DNA PCR assay. Using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, both qualitative and quantitative test results for IL-2 and IFN-γ were analyzed. Subsequently, the diagnostic ability of IL-2 and IFN-γ to screen for ATB among the high-risk population was then evaluated.

Results: IL-2 exhibited higher specificity, while IFN-γ demonstrated higher sensitivity in distinguishing between ATB and non-ATB subjects. The sensitivity of the serial application of IL-2 and IFN-γ had no significant difference (p = 1.000) compared with IFN-γ; the specificity of the serial application of IL-2 and IFN-γ had no significant difference (p = 0.708) compared with IL-2. Quantitative analysis of the results revealed that the IL-2 and IFN-γ values were significantly higher in the ATB group compared with the non-ATB group. Additionally, the combined predictors of IL-2 and IFN-γ did not show a significant difference compared with IL-2 alone (p = 0.324) or IFN-γ alone (p = 0.405).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that IL-2 and IFN-γ release assays induced by the fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10/Rv1985c) were valuable for distinguishing ATB from non-ATB subjects, with IL-2 exhibiting higher specificity and IFN-γ demonstrating higher sensitivity.

Objective: To establish sex- and sport-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in athletes.

Methods: A retrospective study analyzed 13,647 entries from elite athletes (2018-2024), categorized by sex and six sport types. RIs were developed using a training set (9555 entries) and validated with a separate set (4092 entries). The RIs were defined using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the distribution.

Results: Females had higher RIs compared to males: NLR (females: 1.53 [0.74, 3.25]; males: 1.36 [0.70, 2.89]), PLR (females: 124 [69, 223]; males: 111 [65, 188]), and SII (females: 347 [146, 804]; males: 298 [139, 684]) (p < 0.001). Sport type influenced RIs, with significant differences noted across categories (p < 0.001). Validation showed an outlier rate below 10% across all groups, confirming robustness.

Conclusion: These sex- and sport-specific RIs enhance the precision of health assessments, supporting early detection of overtraining and inflammation in athletes. Future studies should expand to diverse populations and consider factors like age and training cycles.

Background: Clopidogrel response varies significantly among individuals due to multiple influencing factors. This study aimed to investigate the associations between P2RY12 gene variants, non-genetic factors, and platelet aggregation in patients undergoing clopidogrel therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 171 patients who successfully underwent coronary artery stenting and were treated with clopidogrel at two military hospitals in Vietnam. Platelet aggregation was assessed using the light transmission aggregometry (LTA) method, with clopidogrel resistance (CR) defined as maximal platelet aggregation > 50%. P2RY12 genetic polymorphisms (C34T-rs6785930 and G52T-rs6809699) were genotyped using Sanger sequencing.

Results: The allele frequencies were 74.56% (C) and 25.44% (T) for P2RY12 C34T, and 88.30% (G) and 11.70% (T) for P2RY12 G52T. Platelet aggregation progressively increased across the GG, GT, and TT genotypes of P2RY12 G52T (p = 0.03), with patients carrying the TT genotype exhibiting significantly higher platelet aggregation compared to other genotypes (p = 0.01). Among non-genetic factors, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake was associated with a significant increase in platelet aggregation (p = 0.03). The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance (CR) was 43.86%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the T allele of P2RY12 C34T, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and PPI intake as significant risk factors for CR (OR = 2.24, 2.49, 4.01; p = 0.02, 0.049, 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions: The T allele of P2RY12 C34T was associated with an increased risk of CR. Among non-genetic factors, PPI intake significantly elevated platelet aggregation and, along with reduced eGFR, contributed to a higher risk of CR.

Background: The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) represented a finding of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in most cases which formed from t (9; 22) (q34; q11) resulting in the Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase1 (BCR-ABL1) fusion gene. Assuming CCE's inaccuracies in diagnosing CML and FISH's limitations with low BCR-ABL1 percentages, a Predicted-FISH (Pred-FISH) was developed. This model predicts treatment response during follow-up by integrating qRT-PCR results, White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, and Cytogenetic Response data.

Methods: Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis (qRT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and Conventional Cytogenetic Examination (CCE or Karyotyping) have been used in the detection and follow-up of CML patients. The study included 110 individuals, divided into three groups: 31.82% (35 individuals) were newly diagnosed CML patients, another 22.73% (25 individuals) were healthy control samples, and the remaining 45.45% (50 individuals) were previously diagnosed CML patients.

Results: Include BCR-ABL1 fusion gene levels detected by qRT-PCR, Ph chromosome presence t (9; 22) (q34; q11) observed by CCE, and WBC counts. The FISH test, used to confirm disease in new patients before treatment, was compared to CCE results due to its insensitivity in certain conditions. Data from CCE, FISH, qRT-PCR, and WBC for newly diagnosed patients provided a standard for evaluating the Predicted-FISH.

Conclusion: The FISH technique excels in disease detection with over 98% accuracy and high sensitivity. QRT-PCR is effective for monitoring CML and BCR-ABL1 gene levels, indicating MMR and DMR. CCE, while useful for posttreatment monitoring, is less accurate in measuring treatment response over time.

Background: The emergence of drug-resistant mutations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over time presents a challenge to treatment. We describe the development of drug-resistance mutations and ART efficacy reduction in Vietnamese patients with failure of first-line ART during a 5-year period.

Methods: This is a 5-year observational cohort study with HIV viral loads of patients evaluated annually for 5 years (2017-2022) at the hospitals in Vietnam. Patients with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were subjected to identifying mutations in reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase to evaluate HIV resistance and the efficacy of ART.

Results: After 5 years of monitoring the HIV load of 2932 patients on ART, 75 (2.56%) patients had concurrent virological failure at all 5 years. In 2017, only 2/75 HIV strains possessed Protease Inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations, while 75/75 HIV strains had both Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistance mutations. Only four PI resistance variants were found, while 40 and 32 mutations were resistant to NRTIs and NNRTIs. After 5 years, the number of HIV PI resistance mutations had increased to 14, with 13 new mutations emerging. There were six novel mutations associated with resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and the proportion of preexisting mutations increased from 1.3% to 13.3%. Furthermore, HIV sensitivity to ART decreased from 2.7% to 18.6%.

Conclusion: After 5 years, HIV had increased resistance mutations to PIs, NRTIs, and NNRTIs, with PI resistance mutations increasing the most rapidly, and the decrease in HIV sensitivity to PIs was higher than that to NRTIs and NNRTIs.

RETRACTION: Y. Chen, F. Huang, L. Deng, Y. Tang, D. Li, T. Wang, Y. Fan, Q. Tao, and D. Tang, “Long Non-Coding RNA TGLC15 Advances Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Stabilizing Sox4,” Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 34, no. 1 (2020): e23009, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23009.

The above article, published online on 08 September 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Rong Fu; and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed upon following an investigation into concerns raised by a third party, which revealed inappropriate duplication of image panels (Figure 2E) between this article and several other articles that were previously published in a different scientific context. Thus, the editors consider the conclusions of this manuscript substantially compromised.

D. Tang, listed as the corresponding author, asked to retract the article and stated that they were not involved in or given consent to this publication and the corresponding email address mentioned under their name does not belong to them.

Background: The clinical utility of urinary red blood cell (RBC) distribution (URD) remains limited. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of URD and dysmorphic RBC (dRBC) in a multicenter study.

Methods: This study enrolled 703 patients who visited four tertiary medical centers in Korea. Patients were classified into glomerular diseases with biopsy (N = 169), renal diseases including chronic kidney disease (N = 194), nephrotic syndrome (NS; N = 88), tubulointerstitial diseases (N = 36), acute kidney injury (N = 32), others (N = 10), and extrarenal diseases (N = 174). Renal parameters, urine microscopic examination, urinalysis, and URD assessments were conducted. The diagnostic performances of dRBC and URD were evaluated.

Results: Median values of both dRBC and URD were significantly elevated in patients with glomerular diseases. URD exhibited a significant correlation with dRBC (r = 0.536) and albumin creatinine ratio (r = 0.186), while no significant correlation was observed with specific gravity (r = -0.03). Among renal diseases, dRBC and URD values were notably higher in patients with NS. The agreement rate between dRBC and URD results was 78.3% (112/143), with 31 instances showing discrepancies. ROC curve analysis comparing glomerular and extrarenal diseases yielded cutoff values of 18% for dRBC and 31.9% for URD, resulting in corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusions: URD exhibited a comparable diagnostic performance, as indicated by a similar AUC value to that of dRBC, while offering the added advantage of providing objective and standardizable results. This attribute enhances its utility as a parameter for distinguishing between patients with glomerular hematuria (GH) and those with non-GH.