Pub Date : 2018-03-15DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000305
Alshawashereh Om, A. Fisal, Abu Gazal, P. Mouawiah
Background: College students, in their transitional period to adulthood and into university environment may face emotional and psychological stress, due to new social environment, financial demands, academic caseload, new responsibility and expectations by their parents and peers. Eating disorder can become a coping strategy among students. Eating disorders considered being a significant problems and important issue concerning the care of young adults all over the world. The study aims to investigate the relationship between eating disorders and general life stressors among college students in Jordan. Methods: A student’s survey for General Life Stressors Inventory (GLSI), and Eating disorder scale were both developed and administered to college students. Results: The results indicated a moderate level of general life stressors and a low level of eating disorder among students. Moreover the results showed a significant positive relationship between general life stressors and eating disorder. Conclusion: Life stressors can be a very good predictor of eating disorder among college students. Moreover, there is no significant difference in general life stressors and eating disorders among students due to their Gender, Major, and Place of residence. Implications are in progress for focusing researches on life stressors as an effort in fostering intervention programs for eating disorder among students.
{"title":"The Relationship between Eating Disorder and General Life Stressors among College Students in Jordan","authors":"Alshawashereh Om, A. Fisal, Abu Gazal, P. Mouawiah","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"Background: College students, in their transitional period to adulthood and into university environment may face emotional and psychological stress, due to new social environment, financial demands, academic caseload, new responsibility and expectations by their parents and peers. Eating disorder can become a coping strategy among students. Eating disorders considered being a significant problems and important issue concerning the care of young adults all over the world. The study aims to investigate the relationship between eating disorders and general life stressors among college students in Jordan. \u0000Methods: A student’s survey for General Life Stressors Inventory (GLSI), and Eating disorder scale were both developed and administered to college students. \u0000Results: The results indicated a moderate level of general life stressors and a low level of eating disorder among students. Moreover the results showed a significant positive relationship between general life stressors and eating disorder. \u0000Conclusion: Life stressors can be a very good predictor of eating disorder among college students. Moreover, there is no significant difference in general life stressors and eating disorders among students due to their Gender, Major, and Place of residence. Implications are in progress for focusing researches on life stressors as an effort in fostering intervention programs for eating disorder among students.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-07DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000304
Mermerelis A, Kyvelou Sm, Vellinga A, C. Stefanadis, C. Papageorgiou, Douzenis A
Background: The aim of the present study was to access the prevalence of anxiety and depression among essential hypertensive patients in different stages of hypertension compared to normotensives. Subjects were free of any psychiatric illness. Further evaluation of arterial stiffness was carried out and attempt to correlate with anxiety and depression was made. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 127 participants who were divided in three groups based on the stage of hypertension; Group 1 (n=33 patients with stage 1 HTN), group 2 (n=30 patients with stage 2 HTN) and group 3 (n=30 patients with stage 3 HTN). The assessment of depression was made by means of the Becks Depression Inventory, BDI scale. Patients were further evaluated for anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression, HADS scale. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used to assess arterial stiffness in all participants, whereas stage 1, 2 and 3 hypertensives were all subjected to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Results: There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in prevalence of depression as assessed by the BDI scale as the stages of hypertension evolved. Similarly, an increase (p<0.001) in both anxiety and depression, assessed by means of HADS scale, among the 3 stages of hypertension was noted. Finally, assessment of the arterial stiffness indices CAVIR and CAVIL was performed and demonstrated that there was a significant increase (p<0.001) in their values as HADS-A, HADS-D and BDI score increased. Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated a clear burden of both anxiety and depression in higher levels of hypertension compared to normotensives. Furthermore, anxiety and depression are both linked to higher arterial stiffness levels among essential hypertensive patients irrespectively of the blood pressure levels.
{"title":"Anxiety and Depression Prevalence in Essential Hypertensive Patients is there an Association with Arterial Stiffness","authors":"Mermerelis A, Kyvelou Sm, Vellinga A, C. Stefanadis, C. Papageorgiou, Douzenis A","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present study was to access the prevalence of anxiety and depression among essential hypertensive patients in different stages of hypertension compared to normotensives. Subjects were free of any psychiatric illness. Further evaluation of arterial stiffness was carried out and attempt to correlate with anxiety and depression was made. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 127 participants who were divided in three groups based on the stage of hypertension; Group 1 (n=33 patients with stage 1 HTN), group 2 (n=30 patients with stage 2 HTN) and group 3 (n=30 patients with stage 3 HTN). The assessment of depression was made by means of the Becks Depression Inventory, BDI scale. Patients were further evaluated for anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression, HADS scale. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used to assess arterial stiffness in all participants, whereas stage 1, 2 and 3 hypertensives were all subjected to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. \u0000Results: There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in prevalence of depression as assessed by the BDI scale as the stages of hypertension evolved. Similarly, an increase (p<0.001) in both anxiety and depression, assessed by means of HADS scale, among the 3 stages of hypertension was noted. Finally, assessment of the arterial stiffness indices CAVIR and CAVIL was performed and demonstrated that there was a significant increase (p<0.001) in their values as HADS-A, HADS-D and BDI score increased. \u0000Conclusion: This prospective study demonstrated a clear burden of both anxiety and depression in higher levels of hypertension compared to normotensives. Furthermore, anxiety and depression are both linked to higher arterial stiffness levels among essential hypertensive patients irrespectively of the blood pressure levels.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78560738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-21DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000303
T. Ty, T. P. Dooley
Objective: Patients often experience anxiety in anticipation of medical procedures. A new class of anti-anxiety medications, PanX®, has been developed as alternatives to benzodiazepines, and is combinations of beta blockers and antimuscarinic motion sickness agents. An atenolol - scopolamine HBr drug combination was tested in an open label physician-sponsored study in patients experiencing anxiety in anticipation of a medical procedure. Methods: Eight patients were assessed in a pain management clinic. They experienced anxiety prior to an electromyography procedure and consented to a physician-sponsored study using a compounded medication of atenolol - scopolamine HBr delivered by the oral mucosal route. A pair of questionnaires assessed their overall level of anxiety and their individual symptoms of anxiety prior to the anxiolytic treatment and then during the procedure that commenced ca. 10 - 20 minutes after drug administration. Results: All eight patients remained clear minded and none reported any side effects. Seven of eight patients perceived a calming effect from the drug treatment. Six of eight patients were responders to the treatment and experienced a reduction in anxiety on a 10-point scale from an average of 6.3 points prior to the procedure to 2.7 points during the procedure. Eight individual anxiety symptoms were assessed and all six responders exhibited reductions in the number and/or severity of symptoms. Conclusion: This open label study provides proof-of-principle of a fast-acting anxiolytic effect upon patients’ overall anxiety and individual symptoms due to anticipation of a medical procedure. The atenolol – scopolamine HBr combination was well tolerated without any reported side effects. This medication may be useful in calming the anxiety of patients prior to a variety of medical and dental procedures, and as an alternative to benzodiazepines without using any addictive substances.
{"title":"Treatment of Anxiety Prior to a Medical Procedure using an Atenolol - Scopolamine Combination Drug","authors":"T. Ty, T. P. Dooley","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Patients often experience anxiety in anticipation of medical procedures. A new class of anti-anxiety medications, PanX®, has been developed as alternatives to benzodiazepines, and is combinations of beta blockers and antimuscarinic motion sickness agents. An atenolol - scopolamine HBr drug combination was tested in an open label physician-sponsored study in patients experiencing anxiety in anticipation of a medical procedure. \u0000Methods: Eight patients were assessed in a pain management clinic. They experienced anxiety prior to an electromyography procedure and consented to a physician-sponsored study using a compounded medication of atenolol - scopolamine HBr delivered by the oral mucosal route. A pair of questionnaires assessed their overall level of anxiety and their individual symptoms of anxiety prior to the anxiolytic treatment and then during the procedure that commenced ca. 10 - 20 minutes after drug administration. Results: All eight patients remained clear minded and none reported any side effects. Seven of eight patients perceived a calming effect from the drug treatment. Six of eight patients were responders to the treatment and experienced a reduction in anxiety on a 10-point scale from an average of 6.3 points prior to the procedure to 2.7 points during the procedure. Eight individual anxiety symptoms were assessed and all six responders exhibited reductions in the number and/or severity of symptoms. \u0000Conclusion: This open label study provides proof-of-principle of a fast-acting anxiolytic effect upon patients’ overall anxiety and individual symptoms due to anticipation of a medical procedure. The atenolol – scopolamine HBr combination was well tolerated without any reported side effects. This medication may be useful in calming the anxiety of patients prior to a variety of medical and dental procedures, and as an alternative to benzodiazepines without using any addictive substances.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85331167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-13DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000302
Viviana Miño, Simón Guendelman, Álvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Carlos Sandaña, S. Quintana
Introduction: Several studies have shown that insecure attachment representations play a central role in the psychopathology of personality disorders, however, it is unclear how the adult attachment disorders relate to the personality organization. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between secure, dismissing and preoccuppied attachment styles and personality structure, in two samples: a clinic and a control group. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 27 women hospitalized in a psychiatric unit and a non-clinical sample of 24 women in regular health check. Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) and the Cartes: Modeles Individuels de Relation (CAMIR) were applied. Results: The percentage of secure prototype is lower in the clinical group (14.8% vs. 37.5%). The clinical group showed on average 22 points higher on the IPO. No significant association between attachment style and the three primary scales of the IPO was observed, although the score on these three scales was lower among those with a secure attachment style. People with secure attachment had on average 42 points lower on the OQ-45.2 than the other two groups, a difference that was statistically significant. Conclusion: Small sample size would not permit the association to be statistically significant. Further research is needed.
一些研究表明，不安全依恋表征在人格障碍的精神病理中起着核心作用，然而，成人依恋障碍与人格组织的关系尚不清楚。目的:以临床和对照组为研究对象，探讨安全型、回避型和专注型依恋类型与人格结构的关系。方法:一项描述性横断面研究，样本为27名在精神科住院的妇女和24名定期健康检查的非临床样本。运用了人格组织量表(IPO)和个体关系量表(CAMIR)。结果:临床组安全原型比例较低(14.8% vs. 37.5%)。临床组的IPO平均高出22点。依恋类型与IPO的三个主要量表之间没有显著的关联，尽管安全依恋类型的人在这三个量表上的得分较低。安全型依恋的人比其他两组平均低42分，得分为45.2分，这一差异在统计学上是显著的。结论:小样本量不允许这种关联具有统计学意义。需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Attachment Styles and Personality Structure","authors":"Viviana Miño, Simón Guendelman, Álvaro Castillo-Carniglia, Carlos Sandaña, S. Quintana","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Several studies have shown that insecure attachment representations play a central role in the psychopathology of personality disorders, however, it is unclear how the adult attachment disorders relate to the personality organization. \u0000Objective: To evaluate the correlation between secure, dismissing and preoccuppied attachment styles and personality structure, in two samples: a clinic and a control group. \u0000Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 27 women hospitalized in a psychiatric unit and a non-clinical sample of 24 women in regular health check. Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) and the Cartes: Modeles Individuels de Relation (CAMIR) were applied. \u0000Results: The percentage of secure prototype is lower in the clinical group (14.8% vs. 37.5%). The clinical group showed on average 22 points higher on the IPO. No significant association between attachment style and the three primary scales of the IPO was observed, although the score on these three scales was lower among those with a secure attachment style. People with secure attachment had on average 42 points lower on the OQ-45.2 than the other two groups, a difference that was statistically significant. \u0000Conclusion: Small sample size would not permit the association to be statistically significant. Further research is needed.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86621766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-09DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000301
P. Victor, I. Krug, Charlotte Vehoff, Naomi Lyons, U. Willutzki
Background: In internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, explicitly strengths-based approaches are still missing. The Personal Model of Resilience (PMR) is a positive intervention that utilizes clients’ strengths to overcome problems. Up to now, it has only been evaluated in a face-to-face setting. This study aimed to compare the PMR in a guided internet-based setting (I-CBT) against the respective face-to-face intervention (FTF-CBT) and a wait-list control (WLC). Methods: In a randomized controlled design, FTF-, I-CBT and WLC were compared with respect to dimensions of psychopathology, depression, social anxiety, resilience, quality of life and therapeutic alliance in a sample of N=94 college students with psychosocial stress. Results: Mean effect sizes of I-CBT (Cohen’s d=0.36) and FTF-CBT (d=0.61) exceeded those of WLC (d=0.26) with an advantage for FTF-CBT. Also, quality of life was higher in both active intervention groups. Therapeutic alliance was significantly better in the FTF-group. Conclusion: The PMR can be implemented in an internet-based and face-to-face setting with better outcomes for face-to-face. Researchers and therapists are encouraged to integrate strengths-based approaches into CBT and to explore respective internet-based interventions.
{"title":"Strengths-based CBT: Internet-Based Versus Face-to-Face Therapy in A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"P. Victor, I. Krug, Charlotte Vehoff, Naomi Lyons, U. Willutzki","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, explicitly strengths-based approaches are still missing. The Personal Model of Resilience (PMR) is a positive intervention that utilizes clients’ strengths to overcome problems. Up to now, it has only been evaluated in a face-to-face setting. This study aimed to compare the PMR in a guided internet-based setting (I-CBT) against the respective face-to-face intervention (FTF-CBT) and a wait-list control (WLC). \u0000Methods: In a randomized controlled design, FTF-, I-CBT and WLC were compared with respect to dimensions of psychopathology, depression, social anxiety, resilience, quality of life and therapeutic alliance in a sample of N=94 college students with psychosocial stress. \u0000Results: Mean effect sizes of I-CBT (Cohen’s d=0.36) and FTF-CBT (d=0.61) exceeded those of WLC (d=0.26) with an advantage for FTF-CBT. Also, quality of life was higher in both active intervention groups. Therapeutic alliance was significantly better in the FTF-group. \u0000Conclusion: The PMR can be implemented in an internet-based and face-to-face setting with better outcomes for face-to-face. Researchers and therapists are encouraged to integrate strengths-based approaches into CBT and to explore respective internet-based interventions.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73817875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000319
E. Hicham, Touil Tariq, Laaziz Abderrahim, E. Bilal, Ouichou Ali, E. Aboubaker, Mesfioui Abdelhalim
Background: Argan Oil (AO) has been used as a natural remedy in traditional medicine, mainly in Morocco, for several centuries. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of AO dietary on vulnerability of rats to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (UCMS) using behavioral tests, biochemical and histological markers of depression or anxiety. Method: Rats were handled daily (home cage control) or subjected to the UCMS procedure during 6 weeks (i.e., from 43th to 85 Post-natal Day (PND)) (Stress group, n=12). Animals were previously administered orally by NaCl 0.9% (Control group, n=11) or AO (10 ml/kg/day) (AO+Stress group, n=12) for 10 weeks (i.e., from weaning 21th to 93 PND). The efficacy of UCMS or AO dietary on behavioral performances of the animals in the open field, the forced swimming, the light/dark, the novelty suppression of feeding and sucrose preference tests, was measured. Following behavioral assays, oxidative stress in amygdala, histologic semiquantitative analysis of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and basolateral amygdala (BLA) subregions, and corticosterone level in plasma was also performed. Results: Our data supports pharmacological and biochemical evidences for the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects of AO. Prolonged supplementation with AO reverses all the behavioral changes that occurred due to UCMS and restored corticosterone level in the plasma, oxidative status of amygdala and the neurons level in the CA3 subregion of rats’ hippocampus. Conclusion: This study suggests that antidepressant and anxiolytic like effects of AO in adult rats can be the result of modulation of brain antioxidant enzyme activities, the activation of hippocampal neurogenesis and the modulation of HPA axis activity. However, more experiment and detailed analysis is required for definitive conclusion.
{"title":"Argan Oil Supplementation Reverses Anxiety and Depressive-Like Behaviors, Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Amygdala Induced by Chronic Mild Stress in Rats","authors":"E. Hicham, Touil Tariq, Laaziz Abderrahim, E. Bilal, Ouichou Ali, E. Aboubaker, Mesfioui Abdelhalim","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Argan Oil (AO) has been used as a natural remedy in traditional medicine, mainly in Morocco, for several centuries. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of AO dietary on vulnerability of rats to the chronic unpredictable mild stress (UCMS) using behavioral tests, biochemical and histological markers of depression or anxiety. Method: Rats were handled daily (home cage control) or subjected to the UCMS procedure during 6 weeks (i.e., from 43th to 85 Post-natal Day (PND)) (Stress group, n=12). Animals were previously administered orally by NaCl 0.9% (Control group, n=11) or AO (10 ml/kg/day) (AO+Stress group, n=12) for 10 weeks (i.e., from weaning 21th to 93 PND). The efficacy of UCMS or AO dietary on behavioral performances of the animals in the open field, the forced swimming, the light/dark, the novelty suppression of feeding and sucrose preference tests, was measured. Following behavioral assays, oxidative stress in amygdala, histologic semiquantitative analysis of neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and basolateral amygdala (BLA) subregions, and corticosterone level in plasma was also performed. Results: Our data supports pharmacological and biochemical evidences for the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects of AO. Prolonged supplementation with AO reverses all the behavioral changes that occurred due to UCMS and restored corticosterone level in the plasma, oxidative status of amygdala and the neurons level in the CA3 subregion of rats’ hippocampus. Conclusion: This study suggests that antidepressant and anxiolytic like effects of AO in adult rats can be the result of modulation of brain antioxidant enzyme activities, the activation of hippocampal neurogenesis and the modulation of HPA axis activity. However, more experiment and detailed analysis is required for definitive conclusion.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000325
Jolly Masih, W. Verbeke
Using data of 2,057 participants in the Dutch Lifelines database we explore the relationship between innate immune system response and acute (depressed for 2 weeks) or chronic (depressed for 2 years) depression in people. We then explore how riding a bicycle, a popular sport and mode of transport in the Netherlands, moderates this relationship. Focusing on acute depression, we found it associated with higher eosinophil, neutrophil and basophilic granulocyte cell counts but not with monocyte cell count. Increased cell count in innate immune responses in the case of depressed people comes from the fact that depression increases pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) which are secreted by innate immune system cells. However, when a depressed person regularly rides a bike, the cell counts of both eosinophil and neutrophil granulocyte increased to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-10 which help to reduce the effects of depression. Chronic depression is associated with increased cell counts of basophilic, eosinophil, neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. Again, regular cycling increases cell counts of eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes which leads to the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines to lessen the effects of depression. These findings allow us to better understand how depression, innate immune system and exercise (cycling) are related.
{"title":"Immune System Function and its Relation to Depression: How Exercise can Alter the Immune System-Depression Dynamics","authors":"Jolly Masih, W. Verbeke","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000325","url":null,"abstract":"Using data of 2,057 participants in the Dutch Lifelines database we explore the relationship between innate immune system response and acute (depressed for 2 weeks) or chronic (depressed for 2 years) depression in people. We then explore how riding a bicycle, a popular sport and mode of transport in the Netherlands, moderates this relationship. Focusing on acute depression, we found it associated with higher eosinophil, neutrophil and basophilic granulocyte cell counts but not with monocyte cell count. Increased cell count in innate immune responses in the case of depressed people comes from the fact that depression increases pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) which are secreted by innate immune system cells. However, when a depressed person regularly rides a bike, the cell counts of both eosinophil and neutrophil granulocyte increased to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-10 which help to reduce the effects of depression. Chronic depression is associated with increased cell counts of basophilic, eosinophil, neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. Again, regular cycling increases cell counts of eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes which leads to the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines to lessen the effects of depression. These findings allow us to better understand how depression, innate immune system and exercise (cycling) are related.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89725233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000324
Mayur Patel, V. Patel, D. Tiwari, V. Shah, D. Patel, N. Chanpa
Context: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric illness and escitalopram is one of the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for its treatment. Aim: To study efficacy and safety of escitalopram in patients with first episode of MDD. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, open label, eight weeks follow-up study. Eighty-four patients with first episode of MDD were selected using simple random sampling. Depression was diagnosed using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for MDD. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess the severity of depression. Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI-I) were used to measure illness severity and global improvement. The Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist (ASEC) was used to measure adverse reactions to antidepressants. Results: The mean of MADRS total score at baseline was 32.08 which was decrease in subsequent follow up and at 8-week score was 11.24. 77% of patients responded (≥50% or more reduction of MADRS total score) and 64.9% remitted (≤12 score of MADRS) at 8 weeks. 22.9% of patients reported side effects during the 8-week treatment. 94.2% of patients got significant improvement with 10 mg dose of escitalopram. The common side effects were constipation (5.4%), nausea (5.4%), dry mouth (4.1%) and yawning (4.15%). Conclusion: Escitalopram treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with first episode of MDD. Nearly two third patients achieved remission at the end of eight week.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram in First Episode of Major Depressive Disorder - A Tertiary Care Indian Center Experience","authors":"Mayur Patel, V. Patel, D. Tiwari, V. Shah, D. Patel, N. Chanpa","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric illness and escitalopram is one of the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) for its treatment. Aim: To study efficacy and safety of escitalopram in patients with first episode of MDD. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, open label, eight weeks follow-up study. Eighty-four patients with first episode of MDD were selected using simple random sampling. Depression was diagnosed using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for MDD. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess the severity of depression. Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI-I) were used to measure illness severity and global improvement. The Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist (ASEC) was used to measure adverse reactions to antidepressants. Results: The mean of MADRS total score at baseline was 32.08 which was decrease in subsequent follow up and at 8-week score was 11.24. 77% of patients responded (≥50% or more reduction of MADRS total score) and 64.9% remitted (≤12 score of MADRS) at 8 weeks. 22.9% of patients reported side effects during the 8-week treatment. 94.2% of patients got significant improvement with 10 mg dose of escitalopram. The common side effects were constipation (5.4%), nausea (5.4%), dry mouth (4.1%) and yawning (4.15%). Conclusion: Escitalopram treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with first episode of MDD. Nearly two third patients achieved remission at the end of eight week.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000317
Mohammed Saied Bakeer, Mohammed Salah Hussein, Abd-El Aleem A. El-Gendy, Abouzed M
Background: Based on our observations, as physicians in a Referral Hospital, we have been noticing the association between history of enteric fever and somatic disorders associated with low mood. At our hospital, Al- Hussein University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, we are receiving patients from all over Egypt, including rural areas where enteric fever is endemic. Here we report this series for 15 patients referred to us for evaluation of different somatic disorders. Clinical presentation: After extensive evaluations, the patients’ symptoms were proved to be functional, their typhoid carrier states were documented, they were evaluated for depression using Hamilton-D questionnaire and the severity of depression was recorded. All patients were treated by ceftriaxone, 2 g, IV, daily for 15 days. Clinical evaluation and Hamilton score were reassessed at the end of treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. The patients did not receive any anti-depressant nor anti-anxiety treatment during their course. Typhoid carrier was defined by documenting the history of typhoid fever that was diagnosed by culturing the Salmonella species not by serology, plus at least one occasion of Salmonella isolates from stool culture while afebrile, plus absence of fever in the past 3 weeks. The Widal test wasn’t accepted as a criterion for enrolment. Results: Patients showed clinically significant improvement in term of the presenting somatic complaints as well as their Hamilton-D score immediately post-treatment and consolidate for 6 weeks post-treatment completion. Conclusion: Typhoid carrier in our series was associated with psychosomatic depression that improved on antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"A Case Series for Salmonella Carriers Who Presented with Psychosomatic Depressive Disorder and Showed Improvement after Ceftriaxone Treatment for 15 Days","authors":"Mohammed Saied Bakeer, Mohammed Salah Hussein, Abd-El Aleem A. El-Gendy, Abouzed M","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Based on our observations, as physicians in a Referral Hospital, we have been noticing the association between history of enteric fever and somatic disorders associated with low mood. At our hospital, Al- Hussein University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, we are receiving patients from all over Egypt, including rural areas where enteric fever is endemic. Here we report this series for 15 patients referred to us for evaluation of different somatic disorders. Clinical presentation: After extensive evaluations, the patients’ symptoms were proved to be functional, their typhoid carrier states were documented, they were evaluated for depression using Hamilton-D questionnaire and the severity of depression was recorded. All patients were treated by ceftriaxone, 2 g, IV, daily for 15 days. Clinical evaluation and Hamilton score were reassessed at the end of treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. The patients did not receive any anti-depressant nor anti-anxiety treatment during their course. Typhoid carrier was defined by documenting the history of typhoid fever that was diagnosed by culturing the Salmonella species not by serology, plus at least one occasion of Salmonella isolates from stool culture while afebrile, plus absence of fever in the past 3 weeks. The Widal test wasn’t accepted as a criterion for enrolment. Results: Patients showed clinically significant improvement in term of the presenting somatic complaints as well as their Hamilton-D score immediately post-treatment and consolidate for 6 weeks post-treatment completion. Conclusion: Typhoid carrier in our series was associated with psychosomatic depression that improved on antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90912074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000312
Amal Benbella, Fouad Ktiri, J. Kasouati, S. Aboulmakarim, Houyam Hardizi, Asmaa Zaidouni, R. Bezad
Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of depression and the level of anxiety among infertile Moroccan women in relation to sociodemographic and fertility-specific characteristics.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 274 infertile women attending the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit in the Reproductive Health Center of the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat between June 2017 and February 2018. Two psychological tests were applied, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Then, the association between the test scores and age, educational level, employment status, type of infertility, duration of infertility, and causes of infertility was examined.Results: The study showed that 55% of the women had depression and 45.6% had mild to severe anxiety. Depression and anxiety scores were low in employed women compared to unemployed women (p=0.002; p=0.006). There was no significant relationship between depression and anxiety and women's age or type of infertility. Anxiety had a significant relationship with duration of infertility (p=0.015), cause of infertility (p=0.034) and educational level (p=0.006) while depression had no significant relationship with these factors.Conclusion: The study findings showed that depression and anxiety were present in infertile Moroccan women and both were significantly associated with employment status while only anxiety was associated with educational level, duration and causes of infertility.
{"title":"Depression and Anxiety Among Infertile Moroccan Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Reproductive Health Center in Rabat","authors":"Amal Benbella, Fouad Ktiri, J. Kasouati, S. Aboulmakarim, Houyam Hardizi, Asmaa Zaidouni, R. Bezad","doi":"10.4172/2167-1044.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of depression and the level of anxiety among infertile Moroccan women in relation to sociodemographic and fertility-specific characteristics.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 274 infertile women attending the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit in the Reproductive Health Center of the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat between June 2017 and February 2018. Two psychological tests were applied, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Then, the association between the test scores and age, educational level, employment status, type of infertility, duration of infertility, and causes of infertility was examined.Results: The study showed that 55% of the women had depression and 45.6% had mild to severe anxiety. Depression and anxiety scores were low in employed women compared to unemployed women (p=0.002; p=0.006). There was no significant relationship between depression and anxiety and women's age or type of infertility. Anxiety had a significant relationship with duration of infertility (p=0.015), cause of infertility (p=0.034) and educational level (p=0.006) while depression had no significant relationship with these factors.Conclusion: The study findings showed that depression and anxiety were present in infertile Moroccan women and both were significantly associated with employment status while only anxiety was associated with educational level, duration and causes of infertility.","PeriodicalId":15532,"journal":{"name":"Journal of depression & anxiety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89399257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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