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2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC)最新文献

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Voltage collapse issue in a photovoltaic source operating in an islanded microgrid 孤岛微电网中运行的光伏电源电压崩溃问题
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282446
Jiahui Jiang, C. Coates
Microgrids provide an effective way to integrate distributed energy sources, particularly renewable energy sources, into the power system. Renewable energy sources differ from traditional microsources as their generation is variable depending on weather conditions. To achieve the highest renewable energy utilisation, photovoltaic (PV) panels tend to be operated at their maximum power point which also forms the boundary for stable operation. In this arrangement the DC bus voltage can collapse should the PV panels be overloaded. In an islanded microgrid, a droop controller is adopted to limit reactive power as well as distribute real power demand amongst the microsources. This paper proposes a modification to the droop controller to ensure a PV source remains within its maximum power limit. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the controller's effectiveness.
微电网提供了一种将分布式能源,特别是可再生能源整合到电力系统中的有效途径。可再生能源与传统的微型能源不同,因为它们的产生取决于天气条件。为了达到最高的可再生能源利用率,光伏板往往在其最大功率点运行,这也形成了稳定运行的边界。在这种布置中,如果光伏板过载,直流母线电压会崩溃。在孤岛微电网中,采用下垂控制器来限制无功功率,并在微源之间分配实际电力需求。本文提出了对下垂控制器的修改,以确保光伏电源保持在其最大功率限制内。仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of network characteristics and topology on the stability of converter-dominated microgrids 网络特性和拓扑结构对变流器主导微电网稳定性的影响
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282512
Julius Susanto, Farhad Shahnia, A. Arefi
This paper investigates how network characteristics and topologies can affect the small signal stability of a converter-dominated microgrid. A Monte Carlo analysis is conducted in which randomly generated microgrids are created from three basic topologies of radial, ring and triangular mesh, and then assessed for small signal stability. The studies illustrate that simple un-meshed microgrid topologies and decoupling of adjacent converters via higher impedance filters or lines improve the stability margins of the microgrid.
本文研究了网络特性和拓扑结构如何影响变流器主导的微电网的小信号稳定性。在蒙特卡罗分析中,从径向、环形和三角形三种基本拓扑结构中创建随机生成的微电网,然后评估小信号稳定性。研究表明,简单的无网格微电网拓扑结构和通过高阻抗滤波器或线路对相邻变流器进行解耦可以提高微电网的稳定裕度。
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引用次数: 2
Levelized cost of energy and cash flow for a hybrid solar-wind-diesel microgrid on Rottnest island 罗特尼斯岛太阳能-风能-柴油混合微电网的能源成本和现金流
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282413
Farhad Shahnia, M. Moghbel, A. Arefi, G. Shafiullah, M. Anda, A. Vahidnia
This paper focuses on the selection of an appropriate standalone electricity supply system for a small island of Western Australia, Australia. To reduce the cost of electricity generation and to determine the most economically feasible solution for this island, several configurations are considered. The considered systems vary from a fully diesel generator-based option towards a hybrid system composed of diesel generators, wind turbines, solar farm and battery energy storage. Each system is analyzed by HOMER software and using the real demand data of the island, as well as the prices of different electrical components in the Australian market. The system which yields the minimum lev-elized cost of energy over the project's lifespan and the minimum net present cost is identified and suggested as the most economic option.
本文主要研究了澳大利亚西澳大利亚州一个小岛的独立供电系统选型问题。为了降低发电成本并确定该岛最经济可行的解决方案,考虑了几种配置。考虑的系统从完全基于柴油发电机的选择到由柴油发电机、风力涡轮机、太阳能发电场和电池储能组成的混合系统不等。每个系统都是通过HOMER软件进行分析,并使用岛上的真实需求数据,以及澳大利亚市场上不同电器元件的价格。在项目的生命周期内产生最小的能源平均成本和最小的净当前成本的系统被确定并建议为最经济的选择。
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引用次数: 11
Using particle swarm optimization for PID optimization for altitude control on a quadrotor 基于粒子群算法的四旋翼飞行器高度控制PID优化
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282423
Jack Connor, M. Seyedmahmoudian, B. Horan
The proportional-integral-derivate (PID) controller has been relied on by control engineers due to its easy implementation and good performance. Although PID controllers are readily available, they still have limitations. Tuning these controllers often require a deep understanding of control theory to adjust their parameters correctly, which is often time consuming and may not result in an optimal performance. In this study, the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to improve a PID controller on a quadrotor. The PID controller is used to control the height of the quadrotor. Moreover, a simulation run in MATLAB is constructed to increase the height of the quadrotor from 0 m to 1 m. The PSO algorithm is used to tune the controller against a cost function that considers the squared error, maximum overshoot, and the integral of absolute error, which are used to evaluate the performance of the PID values. The PSO should converge on a global minimum, which will be the optimal values of the PID controller. Results from the simulation reveal the performance of the PSO algorithm and the efficiency of the PID controller compared with other methods.
比例-积分-导数(PID)控制器以其易于实现和良好的性能而受到控制工程师的青睐。虽然PID控制器很容易获得,但它们仍然有局限性。调整这些控制器通常需要对控制理论有深入的了解才能正确地调整其参数,这通常是耗时的,并且可能不会产生最佳性能。在本研究中,提出使用粒子群优化(PSO)来改进四旋翼飞行器的PID控制器。PID控制器用于控制四旋翼飞行器的高度。并在MATLAB中进行了仿真,将四旋翼飞行器的高度从0 m提高到1 m。PSO算法用于根据考虑平方误差,最大超调和绝对误差积分的成本函数对控制器进行调整,这些函数用于评估PID值的性能。粒子群应该收敛于一个全局最小值,这将是PID控制器的最优值。仿真结果表明,与其他方法相比,粒子群算法的性能和PID控制器的效率都有所提高。
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引用次数: 10
Electricity demand management by optimising the use of HVAC and HWS through AMI 通过AMI优化HVAC和HWS的使用,实现电力需求管理
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282383
V. Dehalwar, Akhtar Kalama, M. Kolheb, Aladin Zayegha
The consumption of electricity is increasing with consistent increase in demand of electricity. Advance metering infrastructure (AMI) is a part of energy management system (EMS) that can pro-actively control the consumption of electricity by engaging with utilities for demand management in real-time. The analysis of the electricity consumption pattern of an Australian house is conducted in this study. The investigation reveals that Heat Ventilation Air conditioning (HVAC) and Hot Water System (HWS) consume approximately 50% of the total electricity consumption. Optimised utilization of these two systems efficiently using AMI can help in reduction of electricity consumption. The study also illustrate strong co-relation between carbon emission. Tweaking the temperature setting of HVAC and HWS can significantly help in reducting the carbon emission.
随着电力需求的持续增长,电力的消耗也在增加。超前计量基础设施(AMI)是能源管理系统(EMS)的一部分,可以通过与公用事业公司进行实时需求管理来主动控制电力消耗。本研究对澳大利亚一所住宅的用电模式进行了分析。调查显示,暖通空调(HVAC)和热水系统(HWS)耗电量约占总耗电量的50%。有效地利用AMI优化这两个系统可以帮助减少电力消耗。该研究还说明了碳排放之间的强相关关系。调整HVAC和HWS的温度设置可以显著帮助减少碳排放。
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引用次数: 2
Modelling and valuing multi-energy flexibility from community energy systems 建模和评估社区能源系统的多能源灵活性
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282399
Han Wang, N. Good, P. Mancarella
Demand side response is seen as an important resource to provide flexibility into to the grid. This paper presents a smart community optimization model, implemented using a mixed integer linear programming technique, which is based upon physical models of the building, battery energy storage, thermal energy storage, and energy conversion devices. Various sources of flexibility, including battery energy storage, thermal energy storage, and building thermal storage, have been assessed applying different objectives. Analyses of community operational behavior and of annual cash flows are carried out to understand the benefit and feasibility of different flexibility options under both cost minimization and electricity self-sufficiency objectives. Among all the flexibility options, battery energy storage can bring the greatest operational revenue to the community, under a cost minimization objective. In contrast, electricity self-sufficiency might not be attractive to consumers and communities who would like to ‘leave the grid’, as it may lead to significant revenue losses.
需求侧响应被视为为电网提供灵活性的重要资源。本文提出了一个基于建筑、电池储能、热能存储和能量转换设备的物理模型,采用混合整数线性规划技术实现的智能社区优化模型。各种灵活性的来源,包括电池储能、热能存储和建筑热存储,已经应用不同的目标进行了评估。对社区运营行为和年度现金流进行分析,以了解在成本最小化和电力自给自足目标下不同灵活性方案的效益和可行性。在所有灵活性选项中,在成本最小化的目标下,电池储能可以为社区带来最大的运营收入。相比之下,电力自给自足可能对那些想要“离开电网”的消费者和社区没有吸引力,因为它可能导致重大的收入损失。
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引用次数: 6
AC cables strengthening railway low frequency AC power supply systems — A deepened study 交流电缆加强铁路低频交流供电系统的深入研究
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282393
Lars Abrahamsson
In railway power supply systems using AC frequencies lower than the public grids of 50/60 Hz, high voltage AC overhead transmission lines in railway grid frequency are used as one measure of strengthening the systems. An increased resistance to overhead high voltage AC transmission lines, may motivate cables for future railway power systems. With the frequency of 50/60 Hz, reactive power produced in lowly utilized cables imposes an obstacle. For low frequency AC, this issue is less significant. Moreover, in converter-fed railways, no reactive power will leak into the feeding public grid. This paper studies AC cables in low-frequency AC railway. Two reinforcement cable solutions are compared with no reinforcement. A simplified load model of trains, with thyristor bridges and DC motors, is used.
在交流频率低于公共电网50/ 60hz的铁路供电系统中,采用铁路电网频率的高压交流架空输电线路作为加强系统的措施之一。对架空高压交流输电线路的阻力增加,可能促使未来铁路电力系统采用电缆。频率为50/ 60hz,在低利用率电缆中产生的无功功率施加了障碍。对于低频交流,这个问题不太重要。此外,在变流器供电的铁路中,没有无功功率会泄漏到馈电的公共电网中。本文对低频交流铁路用交流电缆进行了研究。对比两种加固方案与不加固方案。采用了一种简化的列车负载模型,其中包括晶闸管桥和直流电机。
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引用次数: 1
A two-stage optimal vector selection method for predictive torque control of a three-level VSI driven induction motor 三电平VSI驱动异步电动机预测转矩控制的两阶段最优矢量选择方法
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282436
I. Osman, D. Xiao, M.F. Rahman, M. Habibullah
Conventional Finite State Predictive Torque control (FS-PTC) for three-level Neutral Point Clamped voltage source inverter (3L-NPC VSI) uses 27 voltage vectors for prediction and actuation. Using all voltage vectors for the prediction loop is not an ideal method as it increases computational burden. This paper proposes a less complex prediction loop method with selected number of voltage vectors for FS-PTC of a three level NPC driven induction motor. The number of voltage vectors is reduced based on a two-stage optimal vector selection algorithm. In the first stage, the algorithm considers the VSI as two-level and selects the most favourable long vector. In the second stage, among the short and the medium voltage vectors closest to the long vector which is selected in the first stage, the optimum vector is selected for prediction. Compared to 27 voltage vectors based prediction, this algorithm evaluates 15 selected vectors in total for prediction and actuation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of speed, torque and flux responses and capacitor voltage balancing is presented through simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink. Computational time is measured from a real-time simulation implemented on dSPACE DS1104 platform. The results show that the proposed method reduces the computation time significantly (by about 45%), while the dynamic and steady-state performances of the motor drive are retained similar to the conventional FS-PTC.
传统的三电平中性点箝位电压源逆变器(3L-NPC VSI)有限状态预测转矩控制(FS-PTC)使用27个电压矢量进行预测和驱动。使用所有电压矢量作为预测回路不是一种理想的方法,因为它增加了计算负担。针对三电平NPC驱动感应电机的FS-PTC,提出了一种简单的电压矢量数预测回路方法。基于两阶段最优矢量选择算法,减少了电压矢量的数量。在第一阶段,算法将VSI视为两级,并选择最有利的长向量。在第二阶段,在与第一阶段选择的长矢量最接近的短矢量和中压矢量中,选择最优矢量进行预测。与基于27个电压矢量的预测相比,该算法共评估了15个选定的矢量进行预测和驱动。通过MATLAB/Simulink的仿真结果验证了该算法在速度、转矩和磁通响应以及电容电压平衡方面的有效性。计算时间通过在dSPACE DS1104平台上实现的实时仿真来测量。结果表明,该方法显著减少了计算时间(约45%),同时保持了与传统FS-PTC相似的电机驱动动态和稳态性能。
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引用次数: 1
The importance of lightning education and a lightning protection risk assessment to reduce fatalities 防雷教育和防雷风险评估对减少死亡人数的重要性
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282481
M. Taljaard, N. Mbuli, J. Pretorius
There has been a decrease in lightning strike fatalities in developing countries in recent years, but for less-developed countries, lightning fatalities remain a great concern. The education of people concerning lightning and lightning safety must be a priority to government and non-governmental organizations, especially with major projects moving to rural areas. At Medupi Power Station project in South Africa, two structures were evaluated for lightning safety and the risk to loss of human life, by making use of SANS (South African National Standard) for a lightning protection risk assessment. One other case study was assessed for relevance on the information distributed with regards to lightning education. Results indicate that a lightning protection risk assessment plays an important role to ensure the safety of people in permanent and temporary structures. Lightning educational information must be scientifically correct, relevant to the people being educated and must address different cultural believes and myths.
近年来,发展中国家的雷击死亡人数有所减少,但对欠发达国家来说,雷击死亡人数仍然是一个令人严重关切的问题。政府和非政府组织必须优先开展人民防雷和防雷安全教育,特别是在重大项目转移到农村地区的情况下。在南非Medupi电站项目中,采用南非国家标准(SANS)进行雷电防护风险评估,对两个结构进行了雷电安全性和人员生命损失风险评估。评估了另一个案例研究与所分发的有关闪电教育的信息的相关性。结果表明,雷电防护风险评估对保障永久和临时建筑人员的人身安全具有重要作用。闪电教育信息必须科学正确,与受教育者相关,必须解决不同的文化信仰和神话。
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引用次数: 1
Novel methodology to simultaneously mitigate fast and slow voltage fluctuations of voltage profile in distribution feeder using battery storage 利用蓄电池储能同时缓解配电馈线电压曲线快慢波动的新方法
Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2017.8282408
Prabha Ariyaratna, K. Muttaqi, D. Sutanto
High penetration of residential rooftop solar photo-voltaic (PV) units can cause both slow and fast voltage fluctuations in the connected low voltage (LV) distribution feeder due to random variations in solar PV power output, in addition to the variations in load demand. In this paper, a novel control strategy is proposed to simultaneously mitigate associated slow and fast voltage fluctuations in connected LV distribution feeder using distributed energy storage; which has not been addressed in the literature. Integrated battery energy storage systems in solar PV units will be dynamically charged to mitigate the voltage rise during mid-day and discharged during the evening peak hours, simultaneously controlling the ramp rate of the PV inverter to a defined ramp rate. The proposed control strategy has been validated using a practical distribution feeder system in NSW, Australia and results are reported. The test simulation case studies are carried out using MATLAB simulations.
住宅屋顶太阳能光伏(PV)机组的高渗透率,除了负荷需求的变化外,还会由于太阳能光伏输出的随机变化而导致所连接的低压(LV)配电馈线电压的缓慢和快速波动。本文提出了一种利用分布式储能同时缓解连接低压配电馈线中伴随的慢速和快速电压波动的控制策略;这在文献中还没有提到。太阳能光伏发电机组中的集成电池储能系统将在中午进行动态充电以缓解电压上升,并在晚高峰时段进行放电,同时将光伏逆变器的斜坡速率控制在定义的斜坡速率上。所提出的控制策略已在澳大利亚新南威尔士州的一个实际配电馈线系统中得到验证,并报告了结果。利用MATLAB仿真进行了测试仿真案例研究。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC)
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