Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_281_22
Kirti Chawla, V. Garg
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the supporting structures of teeth, involving progressive alveolar bone loss. A computer-assisted detection system based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was developed. This study aimed to assess the existing literature to determine the accuracy of the CNNs for diagnosing and measuring periodontal bone loss (PBL). We used a modified approach to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension diagnostic test accuracy by searching the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Medical Subject Headings terms and Keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as subject headings for both periodontal disease/bone loss and CNN/artificial intelligence, were used to search the existing literature for publications relevant to the evaluation of the accuracy of CNN for the detection and measurement of alveolar bone loss over the past three decades (January 1990–May 2021). Quality analysis was performed using the quality assessment and diagnostic accuracy tool-2. Four thousand six hundred and ninety potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found after an initial electronic and manual search and removal of duplicates. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 75 publications, which were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Most of the included studies were observational. Following the critical analysis, eight publications were used to assess CNN's precision of the CNN for PBL measurements. The CNN system successfully determined PBL. Therefore, it can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment planning for dentists in the future.
牙周炎是一种牙齿支撑结构的炎症，涉及进行性牙槽骨丢失。开发了一种基于深度卷积神经网络（CNN）算法的计算机辅助检测系统。本研究旨在评估现有文献，以确定细胞神经网络在诊断和测量牙周骨丢失（PBL）方面的准确性。我们通过搜索以下数据库，对系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目扩展诊断测试准确性使用了一种改进的方法：Scopus、PubMed、Cochrane和Web of Science，以及灰色文献。标题和摘要字段中的医学主题标题术语和关键词，以及牙周病/骨丢失和CNN/人工智能的主题标题，用于在现有文献中搜索与评估CNN在过去三十年（1990年1月至2021年5月）中检测和测量牙槽骨丢失准确性相关的出版物。使用质量评估和诊断准确性工具-2进行质量分析。在最初的电子和手动搜索和删除重复后，发现了四千六百九十个潜在的相关标题和摘要。应用纳入和排除标准产生了75份出版物，并对其相关性和适用性进行了进一步分析。大多数纳入的研究都是观察性的。在关键分析之后，使用八份出版物来评估CNN对PBL测量的CNN精度。CNN系统成功地确定了PBL。因此，它可以为牙医未来的诊断和治疗计划提供便利。
{"title":"Accuracy of convolutional neural network in the diagnosis of alveolar bone loss due to periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kirti Chawla, V. Garg","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_281_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_281_22","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis is an inflammation of the supporting structures of teeth, involving progressive alveolar bone loss. A computer-assisted detection system based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was developed. This study aimed to assess the existing literature to determine the accuracy of the CNNs for diagnosing and measuring periodontal bone loss (PBL). We used a modified approach to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension diagnostic test accuracy by searching the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. Medical Subject Headings terms and Keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as subject headings for both periodontal disease/bone loss and CNN/artificial intelligence, were used to search the existing literature for publications relevant to the evaluation of the accuracy of CNN for the detection and measurement of alveolar bone loss over the past three decades (January 1990–May 2021). Quality analysis was performed using the quality assessment and diagnostic accuracy tool-2. Four thousand six hundred and ninety potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found after an initial electronic and manual search and removal of duplicates. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 75 publications, which were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Most of the included studies were observational. Following the critical analysis, eight publications were used to assess CNN's precision of the CNN for PBL measurements. The CNN system successfully determined PBL. Therefore, it can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment planning for dentists in the future.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"163 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43432613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_295_22
P. Jain, A. Jain, Madhvika Patidar, R. Banthia, P. Batham
The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs is increasing day by day. Hence, recently dentists are coming across a greater number of patients on such medications. Dentists should have in-depth knowledge about the indications, bleeding complications, postoperative instructions, and antidotes of these drugs on oral health and therapy. The dental surgeon should also be aware of the consequences of withdrawal or continuation of these drugs on life-threatening thromboembolic events or bleeding complications. The present observational study included 1240 cardiac patients who were on antithrombotic therapy. Out of which 78 patients underwent various dental procedures involving probable bleeding complications, 11 patients met with bleeding complications, and 2 patients of which reported spontaneous bleeding. This case series reports bleeding complications associated with dental procedures (either procedure-related or spontaneous oral bleeding) in patients with drug-induced coagulopathies (patients either on antiplatelet or anticoagulant or on both). A description of the medical conditions of these patients along with a regimen of antithrombotic therapy is discussed. Management of bleeding complications is also described. These case series recommend continuing antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy during dental procedures to prevent the risk of life-threatening conditions owing to thromboembolic complications. Simultaneously, the necessary armamentarium to deal with bleeding complications should be readily available.
{"title":"Dental considerations in patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs – Clearing the fog: A case series","authors":"P. Jain, A. Jain, Madhvika Patidar, R. Banthia, P. Batham","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_295_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_295_22","url":null,"abstract":"The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs is increasing day by day. Hence, recently dentists are coming across a greater number of patients on such medications. Dentists should have in-depth knowledge about the indications, bleeding complications, postoperative instructions, and antidotes of these drugs on oral health and therapy. The dental surgeon should also be aware of the consequences of withdrawal or continuation of these drugs on life-threatening thromboembolic events or bleeding complications. The present observational study included 1240 cardiac patients who were on antithrombotic therapy. Out of which 78 patients underwent various dental procedures involving probable bleeding complications, 11 patients met with bleeding complications, and 2 patients of which reported spontaneous bleeding. This case series reports bleeding complications associated with dental procedures (either procedure-related or spontaneous oral bleeding) in patients with drug-induced coagulopathies (patients either on antiplatelet or anticoagulant or on both). A description of the medical conditions of these patients along with a regimen of antithrombotic therapy is discussed. Management of bleeding complications is also described. These case series recommend continuing antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy during dental procedures to prevent the risk of life-threatening conditions owing to thromboembolic complications. Simultaneously, the necessary armamentarium to deal with bleeding complications should be readily available.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"114 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48720747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_455_22
A. Dhok, Suparna Roy, Rituparna Maji, A. Dasgupta
Introduction: Very short answer type questions (VSAQs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs) are markedly effective assessment tools for regular formative evaluation at the end of each class. However, their relative efficacy for assessing higher cognitive domain of the students and to prepare them for summative examinations is still inconclusive. Methods: The effectivity of VSAQs and MCQs was analyzed to assess different cognitive levels among 1st-year MBBS students as regular formative assessment tools. Ten MCQs and 10 VSAQs of both average and higher cognitive domains were given at the end of each learning session to all students throughout their first semester for 4 months. At the end of first-semester examination, mean scores for MCQs and VSAQs from both domains were calculated for each student and compared with their semester marks. Results: In comparison to MCQs, students obtained significantly higher marks in VSAQs at both medium and higher cognitive levels. A significant positive association was found between the semester marks and scores of VSAQs irrespective of their cognitive level. On the other hand, students obtaining higher marks in MCQs having higher cognitive levels only showed a positive correlation with their semester scores. Conclusion: For regular end of the class formative assessments, MCQs become efficient tools only when they contain elements of higher cognition with problem-solving approach. Otherwise, students are more comfortable with VSAQs and give a better response with a positive correlation with periodical summative assessments for all cognitive levels.
{"title":"Comparison of multiple choice questions and very short answer type questions to assess different levels of cognition among medical undergraduates","authors":"A. Dhok, Suparna Roy, Rituparna Maji, A. Dasgupta","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_455_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_455_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Very short answer type questions (VSAQs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs) are markedly effective assessment tools for regular formative evaluation at the end of each class. However, their relative efficacy for assessing higher cognitive domain of the students and to prepare them for summative examinations is still inconclusive. Methods: The effectivity of VSAQs and MCQs was analyzed to assess different cognitive levels among 1st-year MBBS students as regular formative assessment tools. Ten MCQs and 10 VSAQs of both average and higher cognitive domains were given at the end of each learning session to all students throughout their first semester for 4 months. At the end of first-semester examination, mean scores for MCQs and VSAQs from both domains were calculated for each student and compared with their semester marks. Results: In comparison to MCQs, students obtained significantly higher marks in VSAQs at both medium and higher cognitive levels. A significant positive association was found between the semester marks and scores of VSAQs irrespective of their cognitive level. On the other hand, students obtaining higher marks in MCQs having higher cognitive levels only showed a positive correlation with their semester scores. Conclusion: For regular end of the class formative assessments, MCQs become efficient tools only when they contain elements of higher cognition with problem-solving approach. Otherwise, students are more comfortable with VSAQs and give a better response with a positive correlation with periodical summative assessments for all cognitive levels.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"34 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_550_22
Isha Gupta, Devamsh Arora, Rushikesh Shukla, S. Acharya, Shailja Singh
The pandemic of COVID-19 and the lockdown imposed which took the entire world by storm has not only tested our physical health but also impacted our mental health in ways no one had envisaged! It led to a situation of socioeconomic crisis and mental anguish among the general population. It was indeed a black swan event as the response to the pandemic with worldwide lockdown was highly unpredictable having a colossal impact on the world and its functioning, however, several explanations have now come into view that has made the event explainable and predictable. The outbreak of a novel virus unknown to the medical fraternity and its explosive spread every day, conflicting messages from the government, lack of infrastructure for treatment, the spread of misinformation on media platforms, and an incessant quarantine have led to a sense of fear, apprehension, stress, desolation, weariness, frustration, and depression among the masses. The imposition of lockdown in the nation not only undermined personal freedom but also lead to huge financial losses, unemployment, work, and school closure, uncertainty, boredom, and stigma which had been major stressors leading to widespread emotional affliction and an increased risk of developing psychiatric illness during the time of the pandemic. People who were already suffering from some form of psychiatric disorder had been prone to exacerbations due to the pandemic. Individuals living with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, unemployed people, and people in quarantine were at a higher risk of developing some form of mental illness such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Resilience and good social support are the protective factors against this mental health epidemic that has begun. In this article, we reflect upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of people in India.
{"title":"Shift from black swan to brown swan approach during the COVID pandemic","authors":"Isha Gupta, Devamsh Arora, Rushikesh Shukla, S. Acharya, Shailja Singh","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_550_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_550_22","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of COVID-19 and the lockdown imposed which took the entire world by storm has not only tested our physical health but also impacted our mental health in ways no one had envisaged! It led to a situation of socioeconomic crisis and mental anguish among the general population. It was indeed a black swan event as the response to the pandemic with worldwide lockdown was highly unpredictable having a colossal impact on the world and its functioning, however, several explanations have now come into view that has made the event explainable and predictable. The outbreak of a novel virus unknown to the medical fraternity and its explosive spread every day, conflicting messages from the government, lack of infrastructure for treatment, the spread of misinformation on media platforms, and an incessant quarantine have led to a sense of fear, apprehension, stress, desolation, weariness, frustration, and depression among the masses. The imposition of lockdown in the nation not only undermined personal freedom but also lead to huge financial losses, unemployment, work, and school closure, uncertainty, boredom, and stigma which had been major stressors leading to widespread emotional affliction and an increased risk of developing psychiatric illness during the time of the pandemic. People who were already suffering from some form of psychiatric disorder had been prone to exacerbations due to the pandemic. Individuals living with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, unemployed people, and people in quarantine were at a higher risk of developing some form of mental illness such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Resilience and good social support are the protective factors against this mental health epidemic that has begun. In this article, we reflect upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of people in India.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"125 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_535_22
Ridhi Matariya, Hitesh Vadera, Sanchit Jain, K. Vaishnav, M. Shah, Rushabh Shah, R. Gambhir
Background: Tobacco usage in any form can contribute toward the development of various precancerous and cancerous lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic precancerous lesion which has the highest rates of malignant transformation. Therefore, the present study was conducted among industrial workers to observe the effect of various forms of smokeless tobacco (SLT) usage and development of OSMF. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 3998 industrial after obtaining approval from concerned authorities. A self-administered questionnaire approved by specialists was used to collect data from the study participants. The clinical diagnosis (the presence of fibrous bands and blanching) was performed by trained examiners who were calibrated in the department. Mouth opening was recorded by Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study population was 38.341 ± 9.89 years. OSMF was reported in 50.2% (1149) of participants who were consuming one or other forms of SLT. Fibrous bands were seen in 59.6% of participants chewing areca nut, 56.8% of participants who consumed pan masala, and 50.6% of participants consuming khaini. 48.9% of participants who chewed gutkha developed blanching over their intraoral mucosa. Fibrous bands and blanching of the oral mucosa were observed in 89.4% and 88.3% of participants, respectively, who consumed all four types of SLT. Conclusion: Consumption of SLT has a strong correlation with the development of OSMF, especially with the use of gutkha, pan masala, and khaini. There is a need for public education programs among such vulnerable population groups.
{"title":"Influence of smokeless tobacco in development of oral submucous fibrosis among industrial workers: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ridhi Matariya, Hitesh Vadera, Sanchit Jain, K. Vaishnav, M. Shah, Rushabh Shah, R. Gambhir","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_535_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_535_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco usage in any form can contribute toward the development of various precancerous and cancerous lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic precancerous lesion which has the highest rates of malignant transformation. Therefore, the present study was conducted among industrial workers to observe the effect of various forms of smokeless tobacco (SLT) usage and development of OSMF. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 3998 industrial after obtaining approval from concerned authorities. A self-administered questionnaire approved by specialists was used to collect data from the study participants. The clinical diagnosis (the presence of fibrous bands and blanching) was performed by trained examiners who were calibrated in the department. Mouth opening was recorded by Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study population was 38.341 ± 9.89 years. OSMF was reported in 50.2% (1149) of participants who were consuming one or other forms of SLT. Fibrous bands were seen in 59.6% of participants chewing areca nut, 56.8% of participants who consumed pan masala, and 50.6% of participants consuming khaini. 48.9% of participants who chewed gutkha developed blanching over their intraoral mucosa. Fibrous bands and blanching of the oral mucosa were observed in 89.4% and 88.3% of participants, respectively, who consumed all four types of SLT. Conclusion: Consumption of SLT has a strong correlation with the development of OSMF, especially with the use of gutkha, pan masala, and khaini. There is a need for public education programs among such vulnerable population groups.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"39 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45199729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_137_21
Y. K. Reddy, M. Chakraborty, Amudharaj Dharmalingam, J. Ghoshal, Mukesh Tripathi
Introduction: The sudden closure of medical institutions all over the country due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic mandated the medical institutions to quickly adapt to the online virtual classroom and online assessment. This study was conducted to assess the readiness of online assessment among the medical students and faculty of the institute and to identify the predictors of online theory assessment. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among medical students and faculty of AIIMS Mangalagiri. A prevalidated and pretested questionnaire with 14 items were assigned through Google Forms to the students and faculty and were asked to provide a response on a 5-point Likert scale for each item ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” separately. The nonparametric data collected from the total 112 respondents were analyzed for validity and reliability of the questionnaire, mean values to know the readiness (M = 3.4), and one-step multiple regression to know the predictors. Results: The response rate of the questionnaire was 74% (n = 112). The mean value for attitudinal readiness (AR) is calculated as 3.13 and the mean for material and technological readiness (MTR) is found to be 2.7. AR and MTR were found to be significant predictors of readiness for online assessment (P < 0.05). AR (beta coefficient 0.471) was found to be the most significant predictor than MTR (beta coefficient 0.255). Conclusion: The frequencies of responses are variable for different questionnaire items. The online theory assessment readiness score can be improved with formal training and unfolding to the online assessment.
{"title":"Academic assessment of medical students in COVID-19 lockdown: Deciphering institutional readiness index","authors":"Y. K. Reddy, M. Chakraborty, Amudharaj Dharmalingam, J. Ghoshal, Mukesh Tripathi","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_137_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_137_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The sudden closure of medical institutions all over the country due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic mandated the medical institutions to quickly adapt to the online virtual classroom and online assessment. This study was conducted to assess the readiness of online assessment among the medical students and faculty of the institute and to identify the predictors of online theory assessment. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among medical students and faculty of AIIMS Mangalagiri. A prevalidated and pretested questionnaire with 14 items were assigned through Google Forms to the students and faculty and were asked to provide a response on a 5-point Likert scale for each item ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” separately. The nonparametric data collected from the total 112 respondents were analyzed for validity and reliability of the questionnaire, mean values to know the readiness (M = 3.4), and one-step multiple regression to know the predictors. Results: The response rate of the questionnaire was 74% (n = 112). The mean value for attitudinal readiness (AR) is calculated as 3.13 and the mean for material and technological readiness (MTR) is found to be 2.7. AR and MTR were found to be significant predictors of readiness for online assessment (P < 0.05). AR (beta coefficient 0.471) was found to be the most significant predictor than MTR (beta coefficient 0.255). Conclusion: The frequencies of responses are variable for different questionnaire items. The online theory assessment readiness score can be improved with formal training and unfolding to the online assessment.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"8 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45400485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_549_22
Nandini Bandil, Devamsh Arora, Rushikesh Shukla, S. Acharya, Shailja Singh
The goal of this article is to summarize what is now understood about pathways and influencing elements in adolescence's gender identity formation. We provide a brief review of identity in terms of gender historically and discuss the emergence of general identities during adolescence, gender identities in the populace at large, and the emergence of gender diversity identities in young people. We are focusing in this article that the medical practitioner's responsibility in managing gender identity for contribution.
{"title":"Gender identity formation in adolescence: A review of gender diversity","authors":"Nandini Bandil, Devamsh Arora, Rushikesh Shukla, S. Acharya, Shailja Singh","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_549_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_549_22","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to summarize what is now understood about pathways and influencing elements in adolescence's gender identity formation. We provide a brief review of identity in terms of gender historically and discuss the emergence of general identities during adolescence, gender identities in the populace at large, and the emergence of gender diversity identities in young people. We are focusing in this article that the medical practitioner's responsibility in managing gender identity for contribution.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"120 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47444247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_462_22
S. Agrawal, A. Singh, Praveen Maheshwari, Bhushan Madke, Shubham Chopra
Gefitinib is widely used chemotherapy drug for the treatment of malignant cancer. Dermatological manifestations with its intake have been reported in the seborrheic areas but occasionally described as widespread lesions. We are reporting a case who was on gefitinib having acneiform eruptions over the face which responded well to topical retinoids without any alteration in the regimen.
{"title":"Topical tretinoin in gefitinib-induced acneiform eruptions","authors":"S. Agrawal, A. Singh, Praveen Maheshwari, Bhushan Madke, Shubham Chopra","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_462_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_462_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gefitinib is widely used chemotherapy drug for the treatment of malignant cancer. Dermatological manifestations with its intake have been reported in the seborrheic areas but occasionally described as widespread lesions. We are reporting a case who was on gefitinib having acneiform eruptions over the face which responded well to topical retinoids without any alteration in the regimen.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"87 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47981336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized as pregnancy-related hypertensive disease with unclear pathophysiology but causes tremendous fetomaternal death. Some predisposing factors considered to be responsible are statistical characteristics, hereditary and factors in the environment should purpose local abnormalities in activation of cytogenic elements along with integrins, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, and foremost histocompatibility complex molecules mainly responsible for reduced blood supply to placenta and fetus, trophoblastic cellular apoptosis and abnormal placentation. Aim: In the current scoping review (ScR), the detection of PE using neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as an inflammatory marker which is easily available at primary health system. Methodology: The subject’s relevant researches were found using an ScR format from database searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. Out of 179 articles 10 fulfilled inclusion criteria which were systematically reviewed and underwent meta-analysis to highlight the knowledge gaps and further additional case–control study done in tertiary care center. Conclusion: Maternal NLR and PLR resulting from whole blood cell count is an easily available and routinely performed test, obtained as cost-benefit biomarkers for the early prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
{"title":"Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio as Inflammatory Marker in Preeclampsia: A Scoping Review","authors":"Dipanjali Thombare, Anuja Bhalerao, Sulabha Joshi, Shradhha Rao, Ankit Chavan, Ashwini Najan","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_631_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_631_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized as pregnancy-related hypertensive disease with unclear pathophysiology but causes tremendous fetomaternal death. Some predisposing factors considered to be responsible are statistical characteristics, hereditary and factors in the environment should purpose local abnormalities in activation of cytogenic elements along with integrins, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, and foremost histocompatibility complex molecules mainly responsible for reduced blood supply to placenta and fetus, trophoblastic cellular apoptosis and abnormal placentation. Aim: In the current scoping review (ScR), the detection of PE using neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as an inflammatory marker which is easily available at primary health system. Methodology: The subject’s relevant researches were found using an ScR format from database searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. Out of 179 articles 10 fulfilled inclusion criteria which were systematically reviewed and underwent meta-analysis to highlight the knowledge gaps and further additional case–control study done in tertiary care center. Conclusion: Maternal NLR and PLR resulting from whole blood cell count is an easily available and routinely performed test, obtained as cost-benefit biomarkers for the early prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_470_22
Y. Aljamaan, Ammar K Alomran, Wojod Alothman, Majd A Assad, Manar Alossaif, Batool M Almarhoon, H. Mushcab
Early intervention is always considered the best management of any health condition. This includes developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). DDH can be treated conservatively with early and precocious intervention to prevent any future surgical interventions. The impact of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on these cases remains controversial. This paper aims to review and summarize the published evidence of the pandemic's impact on delaying the diagnosis and management of DDH. This systematic review protocol included searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for English language studies published during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021. Six studies were included that met the criteria of inclusion. Two of these studies were retrospective studies, two were letters to the editor, one was a case report, and finally, one descriptive review. The first retrospective study was conducted in Turkey with a total sample size of 935, and the second study was conducted in Italy in two centers with a total sample size of 294. The Turkish study had 13 patients diagnosed with DDH, six of them had pathological hips when compared to the two patients diagnosed in the year before the pandemic. Similarly in Italy, 28 patients in the pandemic period were diagnosed when compared to eight only in the year before the pandemic. The case report that was conducted in Italy concluded that treatment is more complicated in a delayed diagnosis of DDH. Although screening programs can be considered a mode for transmitting infection of COVID-19, the risk of delaying diagnosis and management of DDH might become a heavier burden than treating the infection itself.
早期干预一直被认为是对任何健康状况的最佳管理。这包括髋关节发育不良(DDH)。DDH可以保守治疗，早期和早期干预，以防止任何未来的手术干预。冠状病毒病-19 (COVID-19)大流行对这些病例的影响仍存在争议。本文旨在回顾和总结已发表的大流行对延迟DDH诊断和管理的影响的证据。该系统评价方案包括检索PubMed、MEDLINE、b谷歌Scholar、EMBASE、ScienceDirect、Directory of Open Access Journals、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库，检索2019年至2021年COVID-19大流行期间发表的英语研究。6项研究符合纳入标准。其中两项研究是回顾性研究，两项是给编辑的信，一项是病例报告，最后一项是描述性综述。第一项回顾性研究在土耳其进行，总样本量为935人，第二项研究在意大利的两个中心进行，总样本量为294人。土耳其的研究有13名被诊断为DDH的患者，其中6名患者患有病理性髋关节，而在大流行前一年被诊断出的患者只有2名。同样，意大利在大流行期间确诊了28名患者，而大流行前一年仅确诊了8名患者。在意大利进行的病例报告得出的结论是，DDH的延迟诊断治疗更为复杂。虽然筛查项目可以被视为传播COVID-19感染的一种模式，但延迟DDH诊断和管理的风险可能会成为比治疗感染本身更重的负担。
{"title":"The effect of the Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic on delaying the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review","authors":"Y. Aljamaan, Ammar K Alomran, Wojod Alothman, Majd A Assad, Manar Alossaif, Batool M Almarhoon, H. Mushcab","doi":"10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_470_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_470_22","url":null,"abstract":"Early intervention is always considered the best management of any health condition. This includes developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). DDH can be treated conservatively with early and precocious intervention to prevent any future surgical interventions. The impact of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on these cases remains controversial. This paper aims to review and summarize the published evidence of the pandemic's impact on delaying the diagnosis and management of DDH. This systematic review protocol included searching PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for English language studies published during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021. Six studies were included that met the criteria of inclusion. Two of these studies were retrospective studies, two were letters to the editor, one was a case report, and finally, one descriptive review. The first retrospective study was conducted in Turkey with a total sample size of 935, and the second study was conducted in Italy in two centers with a total sample size of 294. The Turkish study had 13 patients diagnosed with DDH, six of them had pathological hips when compared to the two patients diagnosed in the year before the pandemic. Similarly in Italy, 28 patients in the pandemic period were diagnosed when compared to eight only in the year before the pandemic. The case report that was conducted in Italy concluded that treatment is more complicated in a delayed diagnosis of DDH. Although screening programs can be considered a mode for transmitting infection of COVID-19, the risk of delaying diagnosis and management of DDH might become a heavier burden than treating the infection itself.","PeriodicalId":15592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University","volume":"18 1","pages":"158 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42426856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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