Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114133
Youjun Deng , Lingzheng Kong , Yongjian Liu , Liyan Zhu
Multi-layered structures are widely used in the construction of metamaterial devices to realize various cutting-edge waveguide applications. This paper makes several contributions to the mathematical analysis of subwavelength resonances in a structure of N-layer nested resonators. Firstly, based on the Dirichlet-to-Neumann approach, we reduce the solution of the acoustic scattering problem to an N-dimensional linear system, and derive the optimal asymptotic characterization of subwavelength resonant frequencies in terms of the eigenvalues of an tridiagonal matrix, which we refer to as the generalized capacitance matrix. Moreover, we provide a modal decomposition formula for the scattered field, as well as a monopole approximation for the far-field pattern of the acoustic wave scattered by the N-layer nested resonators. Finally, some numerical results are presented to corroborate the theoretical findings.
{"title":"Mathematical analysis of subwavelength resonant acoustic scattering in multi-layered high-contrast structures","authors":"Youjun Deng , Lingzheng Kong , Yongjian Liu , Liyan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-layered structures are widely used in the construction of metamaterial devices to realize various cutting-edge waveguide applications. This paper makes several contributions to the mathematical analysis of subwavelength resonances in a structure of <em>N</em>-layer nested resonators. Firstly, based on the Dirichlet-to-Neumann approach, we reduce the solution of the acoustic scattering problem to an <em>N</em>-dimensional linear system, and derive the optimal asymptotic characterization of subwavelength resonant frequencies in terms of the eigenvalues of an <span><math><mi>N</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>N</mi></math></span> tridiagonal matrix, which we refer to as the generalized capacitance matrix. Moreover, we provide a modal decomposition formula for the scattered field, as well as a monopole approximation for the far-field pattern of the acoustic wave scattered by the <em>N</em>-layer nested resonators. Finally, some numerical results are presented to corroborate the theoretical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 114133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114131
Jussi Behrndt , Fritz Gesztesy , Seppo Hassi , Roger Nichols , Henk de Snoo
Any self-adjoint extension of a (singular) Sturm–Liouville operator bounded from below uniquely leads to an associated sesquilinear form. This form is characterized in terms of principal and nonprincipal solutions of the Sturm–Liouville operator by using generalized boundary values. We provide these forms in detail in all possible cases (explicitly, when both endpoints are limit circle, when one endpoint is limit circle, and when both endpoints are limit point).
{"title":"On sesquilinear forms for lower semibounded (singular) Sturm–Liouville operators","authors":"Jussi Behrndt , Fritz Gesztesy , Seppo Hassi , Roger Nichols , Henk de Snoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Any self-adjoint extension of a (singular) Sturm–Liouville operator bounded from below uniquely leads to an associated sesquilinear form. This form is characterized in terms of principal and nonprincipal solutions of the Sturm–Liouville operator by using generalized boundary values. We provide these forms in detail in all possible cases (explicitly, when both endpoints are limit circle, when one endpoint is limit circle, and when both endpoints are limit point).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 114131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114141
Liang Jin , Jun Yan , Kai Zhao
For contact Hamiltonian systems without monotonicity assumption, there is a family of invariant sets naturally stratified by the solutions u to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Under convergence assumptions of the solution semigroup, we establish the existence of semi-infinite orbits asymptotic to some and heteroclinic orbits between and for different solutions u and v by variational methods. We also give verifiable criteria to ensure the convergence assumptions. As a corollary, we give a description of action minimizing orbits of the model system studied in [26].
{"title":"Variational construction of asymptotic orbits in contact Hamiltonian systems","authors":"Liang Jin , Jun Yan , Kai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For contact Hamiltonian systems without monotonicity assumption, there is a family of invariant sets <span><math><mo>{</mo><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow></msub><mo>}</mo></math></span> naturally stratified by the solutions <em>u</em> to the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Under convergence assumptions of the solution semigroup, we establish the existence of semi-infinite orbits asymptotic to some <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and heteroclinic orbits between <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for different solutions <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> by variational methods. We also give verifiable criteria to ensure the convergence assumptions. As a corollary, we give a description of action minimizing orbits of the model system studied in <span><span>[26]</span></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 114141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114137
Shengchuang Chang , Shuangqian Liu , Tong Yang
The spatially homogeneous Vlasov-Nordström-Fokker-Planck system is known to exhibit nontrivial large time behavior, naturally leading to weak diffusion of the Fokker-Planck operator. This weak diffusion, combined with the singularity of relativistic velocity, presents a significant challenge in analysis for the spatially inhomogeneous counterpart.
In this paper, we demonstrate that the Cauchy problem for the spatially inhomogeneous Vlasov-Nordström-Fokker-Planck system, without friction, maintains dynamically stable relative to the corresponding spatially homogeneous system. Our results are twofold: (1) we establish the existence of a unique global classical solution and characterize the asymptotic behavior of the spatially inhomogeneous system using a refined weighted energy method; (2) we directly verify the dynamic stability of the spatially inhomogeneous system in the framework of rescaled solutions.
{"title":"The spatially inhomogeneous Vlasov-Nordström-Fokker-Planck system in the intrinsic weak diffusion regime","authors":"Shengchuang Chang , Shuangqian Liu , Tong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatially homogeneous Vlasov-Nordström-Fokker-Planck system is known to exhibit nontrivial large time behavior, naturally leading to weak diffusion of the Fokker-Planck operator. This weak diffusion, combined with the singularity of relativistic velocity, presents a significant challenge in analysis for the spatially inhomogeneous counterpart.</div><div>In this paper, we demonstrate that the Cauchy problem for the spatially inhomogeneous Vlasov-Nordström-Fokker-Planck system, without friction, maintains dynamically stable relative to the corresponding spatially homogeneous system. Our results are twofold: (1) we establish the existence of a unique global classical solution and characterize the asymptotic behavior of the spatially inhomogeneous system using a refined weighted energy method; (2) we directly verify the dynamic stability of the spatially inhomogeneous system in the framework of rescaled solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 114137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114134
Qiangheng Zhang , Tomás Caraballo , Shuang Yang
This paper is concerned with the uniform upper semi-continuity of strong pullback attractors for non-autonomous dynamical systems with delay parameter generated by retarded partial differential equations. In the theoretical section, we establish two theoretical results: one is the existence and uniqueness of strong pullback attractors, the other is the uniform upper semi-continuity of strong pullback attractors. The second result strengthens the findings of Carvalho et al. (2009) [5] and Zhang et al. (2024) [34]. In the application section, we consider the non-autonomous reaction-diffusion equations with delays defined on . We not only establish the tail-estimates of solutions (The idea comes from Wang (1999) [24]), but also the tail-ends estimates of solutions in the regular space, which together with the truncated estimate technique and spectrum decomposition method of solutions proves the asymptotic compactness of the solutions in the regular space.
研究了由时滞偏微分方程产生时滞参数的非自治动力系统强回拉吸引子的一致上半连续性问题。在理论部分,我们建立了两个理论结果:一个是强回拉吸引子的存在唯一性,另一个是强回拉吸引子的均匀上半连续性。第二个结果强化了Carvalho et al.(2009)[5]和Zhang et al.(2024)[34]的发现。在应用部分,我们考虑在Rn上定义时滞的非自治反应扩散方程。我们不仅建立了解的尾部估计(思想来源于Wang(1999)[24]),而且还建立了正则空间中解的尾部估计,并结合截断估计技术和解的谱分解方法证明了正则空间中解的渐近紧性。
{"title":"Uniform robustness of strong attractors for non-autonomous dynamical systems: Theoretical results and applications","authors":"Qiangheng Zhang , Tomás Caraballo , Shuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with the uniform upper semi-continuity of strong pullback attractors for non-autonomous dynamical systems with delay parameter generated by retarded partial differential equations. In the theoretical section, we establish two theoretical results: one is the existence and uniqueness of strong pullback attractors, the other is the uniform upper semi-continuity of strong pullback attractors. The second result strengthens the findings of Carvalho et al. (2009) <span><span>[5]</span></span> and Zhang et al. (2024) <span><span>[34]</span></span>. In the application section, we consider the non-autonomous reaction-diffusion equations with delays defined on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. We not only establish the tail-estimates of solutions (The idea comes from Wang (1999) <span><span>[24]</span></span>), but also the tail-ends estimates of solutions in the regular space, which together with the truncated estimate technique and spectrum decomposition method of solutions proves the asymptotic compactness of the solutions in the regular space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"458 ","pages":"Article 114134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114126
Pedro C.C.R. Pereira , Mike R. Jeffrey , Douglas D. Novaes
When a dynamical system is subject to a periodic perturbation, the averaging method can be applied to obtain an autonomous leading order ‘guiding system’, placing the time dependence at higher orders. Recent research focused on investigating invariant structures in non-autonomous differential systems arising from hyperbolic structures in the guiding system, such as periodic orbits and invariant tori. Complementarily, the effect that bifurcations in the guiding system have on the original non-autonomous one has also been recently explored, albeit less frequently. This paper extends this study by providing a broader description of the dynamics that can emerge from non-hyperbolic structures of the guiding system. Specifically, we prove here that -universal bifurcations in the guiding system ‘persist’ in the original non-autonomous one, while non-versal bifurcations, such as the transcritical and pitchfork, do not. We illustrate the results on examples of a fold, a transcritical, a pitchfork, and a saddle-focus.
{"title":"Averaging theory and catastrophes","authors":"Pedro C.C.R. Pereira , Mike R. Jeffrey , Douglas D. Novaes","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When a dynamical system is subject to a periodic perturbation, the averaging method can be applied to obtain an autonomous leading order ‘guiding system’, placing the time dependence at higher orders. Recent research focused on investigating invariant structures in non-autonomous differential systems arising from hyperbolic structures in the guiding system, such as periodic orbits and invariant tori. Complementarily, the effect that bifurcations in the guiding system have on the original non-autonomous one has also been recently explored, albeit less frequently. This paper extends this study by providing a broader description of the dynamics that can emerge from non-hyperbolic structures of the guiding system. Specifically, we prove here that <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span>-universal bifurcations in the guiding system ‘persist’ in the original non-autonomous one, while non-versal bifurcations, such as the transcritical and pitchfork, do not. We illustrate the results on examples of a fold, a transcritical, a pitchfork, and a saddle-focus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 114126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114128
Ricardo Alonso , Milana Čolić
In this paper, we study the polyatomic Boltzmann equation based on continuous internal energy, focusing on physically relevant collision kernels of the hard potentials type with integrable angular part. We establish three main results: smoothing effects of the gain collision operator, propagation of velocity and internal energy first-order derivatives of solutions, and exponential decay estimates for singularities of the initial data. These results ultimately lead to a decomposition theorem, showing that any solution splits into a smooth part and a rapidly decaying rough component.
{"title":"Regularity theory for the space homogeneous polyatomic Boltzmann flow","authors":"Ricardo Alonso , Milana Čolić","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we study the polyatomic Boltzmann equation based on continuous internal energy, focusing on physically relevant collision kernels of the hard potentials type with integrable angular part. We establish three main results: smoothing effects of the gain collision operator, propagation of velocity and internal energy first-order derivatives of solutions, and exponential decay estimates for singularities of the initial data. These results ultimately lead to a decomposition theorem, showing that any solution splits into a smooth part and a rapidly decaying rough component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 114128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jde.2026.114132
Zijun Wan , Xiaohua Yao
<div><div>This paper investigates the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-boundedness of wave operators associated with the following nonhomogeneous fourth-order Schrödinger operator on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>:<span><span><span><math><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></span> Assuming the real-valued potential <em>V</em> exhibits sufficient decay and regularity, we prove that for all dimensions <span><math><mi>n</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>5</mn></math></span>, the wave operators <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> are bounded on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>≤</mo><mo>∞</mo></math></span>, provided that zero is a regular threshold of <em>H</em>.</div><div>As applications, we derive the sharp <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msup></math></span> dispersive estimates for Schrödinger group <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>, as well as for the solutions operators <span><math><mi>cos</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac></math></span> associated with the following beam equations with potentials:<span><span><span><math><mrow><mo>{</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><msubsup><mrow><mo>∂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mi>u</mi><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo></mtd><mtd></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mo>∂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo></mtd><mtd><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><m
{"title":"The Lp-boundedness of wave operators for nonhomogeneous fourth-order Schrödinger operators in high dimensions","authors":"Zijun Wan , Xiaohua Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-boundedness of wave operators associated with the following nonhomogeneous fourth-order Schrödinger operator on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>:<span><span><span><math><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></span> Assuming the real-valued potential <em>V</em> exhibits sufficient decay and regularity, we prove that for all dimensions <span><math><mi>n</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>5</mn></math></span>, the wave operators <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> are bounded on <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>≤</mo><mo>∞</mo></math></span>, provided that zero is a regular threshold of <em>H</em>.</div><div>As applications, we derive the sharp <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>-<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msup></math></span> dispersive estimates for Schrödinger group <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>, as well as for the solutions operators <span><math><mi>cos</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>sin</mi><mo></mo><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac></math></span> associated with the following beam equations with potentials:<span><span><span><math><mrow><mo>{</mo><mtable><mtr><mtd><msubsup><mrow><mo>∂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mi>u</mi><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>u</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo></mtd><mtd></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mo>∂</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mi>u</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo></mtd><mtd><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><m","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"461 ","pages":"Article 114132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper establishes that, under the appropriate range of values of the parameters involved in the formulation of the model, a diffusive predator-prey system with saturation can have an arbitrarily large number of coexistence states for sufficiently large saturation rates. Moreover, it ascertains the global structure of the set of coexistence states in the limiting system as the saturation rate blows up.
{"title":"High multiplicity and global structure of coexistence states in a predator-prey model with saturation","authors":"Kousuke Kuto , Julián López-Gómez , Eduardo Muñoz-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jde.2026.114116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper establishes that, under the appropriate range of values of the parameters involved in the formulation of the model, a diffusive predator-prey system with saturation can have an arbitrarily large number of coexistence states for sufficiently large saturation rates. Moreover, it ascertains the global structure of the set of coexistence states in the limiting system as the saturation rate blows up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15623,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Differential Equations","volume":"462 ","pages":"Article 114116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}