Pub Date : 2011-09-26DOI: 10.1177/0095244311413645
S. Oprea, V. Musteata, V. Potolinca
The molecular dynamics of crosslinked polyurethanes have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy and compared with the dynamics of linear polyurethanes. Two local relaxations, γ and β, and a primary relaxation, α, were observed for all the samples, appearing in relation with the increase in temperature. The conductivity was studied at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature and it was found to decrease with the increasing content of crosslinker. The presence of crosslinks strongly influences their dielectric properties, especially in the elastic state. The linear polyurethane exhibits the lowest α-relaxation temperature. For the crosslinked samples, α-relaxation temperature increases with increase in the amount of crosslinkers; β- and γ-relaxations are less affected by chemical crosslinking and their activation energies are in the ranges 40–55 and 34–37 kJ/mol, respectively. For the linear polyurethane, there is an exception in the case of the γ-relaxation, which has a higher activation energy determined by its physical crosslinks. Conductivity analysis reveals a high mobility of charge carriers and low barriers for the transport of the charged particles. Also, the conductivity process is dependent on the segmental mobility of polymers.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics of Linear and Crosslinked Polyester Urethanes Studied by Dielectric Spectroscopy","authors":"S. Oprea, V. Musteata, V. Potolinca","doi":"10.1177/0095244311413645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413645","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular dynamics of crosslinked polyurethanes have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy and compared with the dynamics of linear polyurethanes. Two local relaxations, γ and β, and a primary relaxation, α, were observed for all the samples, appearing in relation with the increase in temperature. The conductivity was studied at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature and it was found to decrease with the increasing content of crosslinker. The presence of crosslinks strongly influences their dielectric properties, especially in the elastic state. The linear polyurethane exhibits the lowest α-relaxation temperature. For the crosslinked samples, α-relaxation temperature increases with increase in the amount of crosslinkers; β- and γ-relaxations are less affected by chemical crosslinking and their activation energies are in the ranges 40–55 and 34–37 kJ/mol, respectively. For the linear polyurethane, there is an exception in the case of the γ-relaxation, which has a higher activation energy determined by its physical crosslinks. Conductivity analysis reveals a high mobility of charge carriers and low barriers for the transport of the charged particles. Also, the conductivity process is dependent on the segmental mobility of polymers.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"203 1","pages":"559 - 576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73543015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-02DOI: 10.1177/0095244311413447
J. Datta, J. Haponiuk
In this work, the influence of glycols on the glycolysis process and the properties of obtained polyurethanes were investigated. The glycolysates were produced via glycolysis of waste polyurethane foam in the reaction with one of the following glycols: 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol.The reactions were carried out for different mass ratios of polyurethane wastes to glycolysis agent, i.e. 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1. Polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a one-step method of mixing polymeric di-isocyanate and the glycolysis products with molecular masses ranging from 700 to 1000, while a polyol (Poles 55/20) was used as a chain elongation agent. The influence of glycolysates on tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes was investigated using a Zwick universal tensile tester. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that of all used glycols, 1,6-hexanediol gives the best improvement in the thermal stability of polyurethanes during the glycolysis process. The mean hardness of polyurethanes decreases but rebound resilience increases with chain length of the glycol used for obtaining glycolysates.
{"title":"Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers","authors":"J. Datta, J. Haponiuk","doi":"10.1177/0095244311413447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413447","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the influence of glycols on the glycolysis process and the properties of obtained polyurethanes were investigated. The glycolysates were produced via glycolysis of waste polyurethane foam in the reaction with one of the following glycols: 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol.The reactions were carried out for different mass ratios of polyurethane wastes to glycolysis agent, i.e. 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1. Polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a one-step method of mixing polymeric di-isocyanate and the glycolysis products with molecular masses ranging from 700 to 1000, while a polyol (Poles 55/20) was used as a chain elongation agent. The influence of glycolysates on tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes was investigated using a Zwick universal tensile tester. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that of all used glycols, 1,6-hexanediol gives the best improvement in the thermal stability of polyurethanes during the glycolysis process. The mean hardness of polyurethanes decreases but rebound resilience increases with chain length of the glycol used for obtaining glycolysates.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"53 1","pages":"529 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74698482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311402634
Xuehong Sun, Fei Zhao, Shugao Zhao
Dynamic fatigue properties of solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber with the trade name T2000R were studied. The influence of different cure systems, reinforcing agents, anti-degradants, and plasticizers on the flex-cracking property of T2000R vulcanizates was investigated. The results showed that T2000R cured with an effective vulcanization system had relatively high fatigue life. Vulcanizate filled with carbon black N330 with a load of 15 phr had better fatigue resistance. Then, a combination of aging resisters 6PPD and RD prolonged the fatigue life of T2000R significantly. T2000R extended with aromatic oil had a fatigue life higher than those extended with mineral oil, naphthenic oil, and courmarone. Among all the factors, aging resister and the load of carbon black contributed more to the flex-cracking properties of T2000R than other additives.
{"title":"Study on Dynamic Fatigue Properties of Solution-Polymerized Styrene Butadiene Rubber T2000R","authors":"Xuehong Sun, Fei Zhao, Shugao Zhao","doi":"10.1177/0095244311402634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311402634","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic fatigue properties of solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber with the trade name T2000R were studied. The influence of different cure systems, reinforcing agents, anti-degradants, and plasticizers on the flex-cracking property of T2000R vulcanizates was investigated. The results showed that T2000R cured with an effective vulcanization system had relatively high fatigue life. Vulcanizate filled with carbon black N330 with a load of 15 phr had better fatigue resistance. Then, a combination of aging resisters 6PPD and RD prolonged the fatigue life of T2000R significantly. T2000R extended with aromatic oil had a fatigue life higher than those extended with mineral oil, naphthenic oil, and courmarone. Among all the factors, aging resister and the load of carbon black contributed more to the flex-cracking properties of T2000R than other additives.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"24 1","pages":"469 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81117839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-08-08DOI: 10.1177/0095244311413442
S. Chakraborty, P. Roy, Amit Pathak, Mrinmoy Debnath, S. Dasgupta, R. Mukhopadhyay, S. Bandyopadhyay
This study describes a method for the composition analysis of the carbon black-filled polychloroprene rubber (CR) compound. Good agreement of the experimental data with the actual value was found. The method is based on three experiments namely thermogravimetric analysis, solvent extraction, and newly developed thermo and thermo-oxidative degradation of the vulcanized CR compound in the presence of nickel catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis experiment gives the amount of inorganic material in the rubber compound. Solvent extraction gives the extractable amount. Thermo-oxidative degradation experiment gives the polymer amount. In thermo-oxidative degradation experiment, liberated chloride ion was titrated by Mohr’s method, and the amount of CR was back calculated from the chlorine content.
{"title":"Composition Analysis of Carbon Black-Filled Polychloroprene Rubber Compound by Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of the Compound","authors":"S. Chakraborty, P. Roy, Amit Pathak, Mrinmoy Debnath, S. Dasgupta, R. Mukhopadhyay, S. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1177/0095244311413442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413442","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a method for the composition analysis of the carbon black-filled polychloroprene rubber (CR) compound. Good agreement of the experimental data with the actual value was found. The method is based on three experiments namely thermogravimetric analysis, solvent extraction, and newly developed thermo and thermo-oxidative degradation of the vulcanized CR compound in the presence of nickel catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis experiment gives the amount of inorganic material in the rubber compound. Solvent extraction gives the extractable amount. Thermo-oxidative degradation experiment gives the polymer amount. In thermo-oxidative degradation experiment, liberated chloride ion was titrated by Mohr’s method, and the amount of CR was back calculated from the chlorine content.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"84 5 1","pages":"499 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77506026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311412941
M. Abbasian
In this study, synthesis of controlled graft copolymers onto syndiotactic polystyrene using nitroxide-mediated living radical polymerization and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) iniferter is reported. Syndiotactic polystyrene has been synthesized using half-sandwich titanocene/ methylaluminoxane catalyst in homogenous conditions. Then, α-phenyl chloroacetylation of syndiotactic polystyrene was accomplished in a heterogeneous process using carbon disulfide as dispersing medium and α-phenyl chloroacetyl chloride and anhydrous aluminum chloride as acetylating agent and catalyst, respectively. Then, 1-hydroxy 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO-OH) was synthesized by the reduction of TEMPO with sodium ascorbate. This functional nitroxyl compound was coupled with arylated syndiotactic polystyrene. The graft copolymerizations of styrene and methyl styrene were initiated by arylated syndiotactic polystyrene carrying TEMPO groups as a macroinitiator. The product of polymerization was then heated in the presence of styrene and methyl styrene to form graft copolymer. The structure of obtained copolymer was investigated by 1H-NMR, and Fourier transform—infrared spectroscopy, and thermal behavior of copolymers was performed by differential scanning calorimetry analyses.
{"title":"Synthesis of Functional Syndiotactic Polystyrene Copolymers with Graft and Block Structures by Nitroxide-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization","authors":"M. Abbasian","doi":"10.1177/0095244311412941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311412941","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, synthesis of controlled graft copolymers onto syndiotactic polystyrene using nitroxide-mediated living radical polymerization and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) iniferter is reported. Syndiotactic polystyrene has been synthesized using half-sandwich titanocene/ methylaluminoxane catalyst in homogenous conditions. Then, α-phenyl chloroacetylation of syndiotactic polystyrene was accomplished in a heterogeneous process using carbon disulfide as dispersing medium and α-phenyl chloroacetyl chloride and anhydrous aluminum chloride as acetylating agent and catalyst, respectively. Then, 1-hydroxy 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO-OH) was synthesized by the reduction of TEMPO with sodium ascorbate. This functional nitroxyl compound was coupled with arylated syndiotactic polystyrene. The graft copolymerizations of styrene and methyl styrene were initiated by arylated syndiotactic polystyrene carrying TEMPO groups as a macroinitiator. The product of polymerization was then heated in the presence of styrene and methyl styrene to form graft copolymer. The structure of obtained copolymer was investigated by 1H-NMR, and Fourier transform—infrared spectroscopy, and thermal behavior of copolymers was performed by differential scanning calorimetry analyses.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"56 1","pages":"481 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88234321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-20DOI: 10.1177/0095244311413439
Zhiqiang Chen, Shuangjun Chen, Jun Zhang
The surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) and coupling agents, γ-aminopropyltriethoxy sliane (KH550) and isopropyl dioleic(dioctylphosphate) titanate (NDZ101) were used to treat multiwalled carbon nanotubes in this work. The effects of surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites were studied. The results showed that NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a favorable effect of improving the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, but it cannot improve the interfacial interactionbetween multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the matrix. The improvement in dispersion favored the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes had a better acceleration nucleation effect than raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes on low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer blends at low content (≤1 wt%). The tensile strength of low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes increased with lower multiwalled carbon nanotubes content (≤1 wt%), and KH550 and NDZ101 led low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites to possess a higher tensile strength than that of NaDDBS with 1 wt% content. NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a minor influence on the dielectric properties of the composites and even caused a decrease in the dielectric loss of composites with 10 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes content.
{"title":"Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs with Surfactant and Coupling Agent on Properties of LDPE/POE Blends","authors":"Zhiqiang Chen, Shuangjun Chen, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0095244311413439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413439","url":null,"abstract":"The surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDDBS) and coupling agents, γ-aminopropyltriethoxy sliane (KH550) and isopropyl dioleic(dioctylphosphate) titanate (NDZ101) were used to treat multiwalled carbon nanotubes in this work. The effects of surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites were studied. The results showed that NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a favorable effect of improving the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, but it cannot improve the interfacial interactionbetween multiwalled carbon nanotubes and the matrix. The improvement in dispersion favored the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes had a better acceleration nucleation effect than raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes on low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer blends at low content (≤1 wt%). The tensile strength of low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes increased with lower multiwalled carbon nanotubes content (≤1 wt%), and KH550 and NDZ101 led low density polyethylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites to possess a higher tensile strength than that of NaDDBS with 1 wt% content. NaDDBS, KH550, and NDZ101 had a minor influence on the dielectric properties of the composites and even caused a decrease in the dielectric loss of composites with 10 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes content.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"24 1","pages":"543 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86953482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311405000
Peng Wu, S. Qi, Nailiang Liu, Kangqing Deng, Hai-Jing Nie
The thermodynamic properties of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil, were investigated by means of inverse gas chromatography using 13 different kinds of solvents as the probes. Some thermodynamic parameters such as specific retention volume, weight fraction activity coefficient, Flory—Huggins interaction parameter, partial molar heats of mixing and solubility parameter, etc. were obtained to judge the interactions and the solubility between the polymer and solvents and the solubility of the polymers in these solvents. The results indicated that n-pentane, n-hexane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and diethyl ether were good solvents for these polymers at experimental temperatures. The solubility parameter of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil were calculated to be 16.99, 16.84, 14.39 (J/cm3)1/2 at 298.15 K by inverse gas chromatography, respectively, which were consistent with that obtained by intrinsic viscosity method, small group contribution method, or solubility parameter-surface tension method.
{"title":"Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties of SIS, SEBS, and Naphthenic Oil by Inverse Gas Chromatography","authors":"Peng Wu, S. Qi, Nailiang Liu, Kangqing Deng, Hai-Jing Nie","doi":"10.1177/0095244311405000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311405000","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamic properties of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil, were investigated by means of inverse gas chromatography using 13 different kinds of solvents as the probes. Some thermodynamic parameters such as specific retention volume, weight fraction activity coefficient, Flory—Huggins interaction parameter, partial molar heats of mixing and solubility parameter, etc. were obtained to judge the interactions and the solubility between the polymer and solvents and the solubility of the polymers in these solvents. The results indicated that n-pentane, n-hexane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and diethyl ether were good solvents for these polymers at experimental temperatures. The solubility parameter of styrene-b-butene/ethylene-b-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, and naphthenic oil were calculated to be 16.99, 16.84, 14.39 (J/cm3)1/2 at 298.15 K by inverse gas chromatography, respectively, which were consistent with that obtained by intrinsic viscosity method, small group contribution method, or solubility parameter-surface tension method.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"1 1","pages":"369 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311405001
S. Chuayjuljit, Wasuthep Luecha
Rubber blends of caboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and natural rubber (NR) filled with polystyrene-encapsulated nanosilica (PS-nSiO 2) were prepared by latex compounding. The PS-nSiO2 synthesized by in situ differential microemulsion polymerization was used at 3 phr as the filler in three different XSBR/NR blend ratios (70/30, 50/50, and 30/70). The nanocomposite latex was cast into sheets on glass molds and cured in an oven. The specimens were examined for their tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The tensile strength and elongation at break were found to increase with increasing levels of NR in the rubber blends, but the modulus decreased. Moreover, the tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability were all improved by the addition of PS-nSiO2 within the blend systems.
{"title":"XSBR/NR Rubber Blends Filled with Polystyrene-Encapsulated Nanosilica Prepared by in situ Differential Microemulsion Polymerization","authors":"S. Chuayjuljit, Wasuthep Luecha","doi":"10.1177/0095244311405001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311405001","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber blends of caboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and natural rubber (NR) filled with polystyrene-encapsulated nanosilica (PS-nSiO 2) were prepared by latex compounding. The PS-nSiO2 synthesized by in situ differential microemulsion polymerization was used at 3 phr as the filler in three different XSBR/NR blend ratios (70/30, 50/50, and 30/70). The nanocomposite latex was cast into sheets on glass molds and cured in an oven. The specimens were examined for their tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability. The tensile strength and elongation at break were found to increase with increasing levels of NR in the rubber blends, but the modulus decreased. Moreover, the tensile properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability were all improved by the addition of PS-nSiO2 within the blend systems.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"85 1","pages":"407 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90674953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311404181
N. Dusunceli, B. Aydemir
This article describes a series of experiments conducted to determine the effects of loading history and manufacturing techniques on mechanical behavior of high- density polyethylene (HDPE). The main reason for undertaking the research was to investigate multiple creep, multiple relaxation, and cyclic loading on uniaxial tension. The samples used for tensile tests were obtained from extruded pipe and compression-molded sheets. The stress—strain responses of both samples under uniaxial tensile were found to be independent of the loading history. It was observed that the compression-molded specimens exhibit greater deformation ratio than the extruded specimen. Understanding the deformation behavior under different loading can offer the designer of high-density polyethylene products reliable data relevant to practical applications.
{"title":"The Effects of Loading History and Manufacturing Methods on the Mechanical Behavior of High-Density Polyethylene","authors":"N. Dusunceli, B. Aydemir","doi":"10.1177/0095244311404181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311404181","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a series of experiments conducted to determine the effects of loading history and manufacturing techniques on mechanical behavior of high- density polyethylene (HDPE). The main reason for undertaking the research was to investigate multiple creep, multiple relaxation, and cyclic loading on uniaxial tension. The samples used for tensile tests were obtained from extruded pipe and compression-molded sheets. The stress—strain responses of both samples under uniaxial tensile were found to be independent of the loading history. It was observed that the compression-molded specimens exhibit greater deformation ratio than the extruded specimen. Understanding the deformation behavior under different loading can offer the designer of high-density polyethylene products reliable data relevant to practical applications.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"70 2","pages":"451 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0095244311404181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72475426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244311405503
H. Nabil, H. Ismail, A. Azura
Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) was utilized as a filler in natural rubber (SMR L) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) compounds. Results indicated that the maximum torque, scorch, and cure time of SMR L compounds increased with increasing R-PET loading, whereas ENR 50 compounds showed the decreasing trend in scorch and cure time. Increment in R-PET increased crosslink density and tensile modulus of both natural rubber compounds. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and fatigue life of both natural rubber compounds showed the decreased trend with increasing R-PET loading but ENR 50 showed the lower values than SMR L compounds. The thermal degradation was shifted to a higher temperature and the micrographs exhibited the detachment of R-PET and more agglomeration with increasing R-PET loading in both natural rubber compounds.
{"title":"Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Filled Natural Rubber Compounds: Effects of Filler Loading and Types of Matrix","authors":"H. Nabil, H. Ismail, A. Azura","doi":"10.1177/0095244311405503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244311405503","url":null,"abstract":"Recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) was utilized as a filler in natural rubber (SMR L) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) compounds. Results indicated that the maximum torque, scorch, and cure time of SMR L compounds increased with increasing R-PET loading, whereas ENR 50 compounds showed the decreasing trend in scorch and cure time. Increment in R-PET increased crosslink density and tensile modulus of both natural rubber compounds. Tensile strength, elongation at break, and fatigue life of both natural rubber compounds showed the decreased trend with increasing R-PET loading but ENR 50 showed the lower values than SMR L compounds. The thermal degradation was shifted to a higher temperature and the micrographs exhibited the detachment of R-PET and more agglomeration with increasing R-PET loading in both natural rubber compounds.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"12 1","pages":"429 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80090639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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