Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309354368
J. Datta
The polyurethane (PU) intermediates were obtained by glycolysis of waste PU foam in the reaction with 1,6-hexamethylene glycol (HDO). The effects of different weight ratios of HDO to PUR foam on selected physicochemical properties were also determined. The polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a two-step method using diisocyanate and a glycolysis product in the molecular mass range 700—1000. Hexamethylene glycol, 1,4-butylene, and ethylene glycol were used as chain extenders. The influence of the NCO group concentration in prepolymer on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus of PU elastomers were investigated by the DMTA method. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes were determined using Zwick universal tensile tester. FTIR spectra showed that main decomposition occurs at about 400°C in both glycolysates and PU elastomers. The main products of thermal decomposition are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, compounds containing ether and hydroxyl groups, and probably acetaldehyde. The synthesized PU’s had tensile strength in the range 13.4—15.6 MPa and elongation at break in the range 59.3—122.9%.
{"title":"Synthesis and Investigation of Glycolysates and Obtained Polyurethane Elastomers","authors":"J. Datta","doi":"10.1177/0095244309354368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309354368","url":null,"abstract":"The polyurethane (PU) intermediates were obtained by glycolysis of waste PU foam in the reaction with 1,6-hexamethylene glycol (HDO). The effects of different weight ratios of HDO to PUR foam on selected physicochemical properties were also determined. The polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a two-step method using diisocyanate and a glycolysis product in the molecular mass range 700—1000. Hexamethylene glycol, 1,4-butylene, and ethylene glycol were used as chain extenders. The influence of the NCO group concentration in prepolymer on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus of PU elastomers were investigated by the DMTA method. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes were determined using Zwick universal tensile tester. FTIR spectra showed that main decomposition occurs at about 400°C in both glycolysates and PU elastomers. The main products of thermal decomposition are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, compounds containing ether and hydroxyl groups, and probably acetaldehyde. The synthesized PU’s had tensile strength in the range 13.4—15.6 MPa and elongation at break in the range 59.3—122.9%.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"10 1","pages":"117 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76897428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244310362733
P. Sae-oui, C. Sirisinha, K. Hatthapanit
Properties of natural rubber (NR) filled with various loadings of ultra-fine vulcanized acrylate rubber powder (ACMP) were investigated. ACMP loading was varied from 0 to 20 phr and, after compounding, the compound properties were determined. Results reveal that increasing ACMP loading leads to improved processability, as evidenced by the reduction of both mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. ACMP, however, has negative effect on cure, that is, both scorch time and optimum cure time are prolonged while the state of cure is reduced with increasing ACMP loading. Due to the reinforcing effect of the fine ACMP particles, both modulus and hardness are found to increase consecutively with increasing ACMP loading. The tensile strength is also found to improve with increasing ACMP loading up to 10 phr. However, due to the cure retardation effect and the high thermoplastic nature, the presence of ACMP causes deterioration of elasticity. As ACMP is highly polar and fully saturated, the addition of ACMP enhances the resistance to oil and thermal aging of the NR vulcanizate. Significant improvement of thermal aging resistance is found when 10 phr or more of ACMP is added.
{"title":"Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Ultra Fine Acrylate Rubber Powder","authors":"P. Sae-oui, C. Sirisinha, K. Hatthapanit","doi":"10.1177/0095244310362733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244310362733","url":null,"abstract":"Properties of natural rubber (NR) filled with various loadings of ultra-fine vulcanized acrylate rubber powder (ACMP) were investigated. ACMP loading was varied from 0 to 20 phr and, after compounding, the compound properties were determined. Results reveal that increasing ACMP loading leads to improved processability, as evidenced by the reduction of both mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. ACMP, however, has negative effect on cure, that is, both scorch time and optimum cure time are prolonged while the state of cure is reduced with increasing ACMP loading. Due to the reinforcing effect of the fine ACMP particles, both modulus and hardness are found to increase consecutively with increasing ACMP loading. The tensile strength is also found to improve with increasing ACMP loading up to 10 phr. However, due to the cure retardation effect and the high thermoplastic nature, the presence of ACMP causes deterioration of elasticity. As ACMP is highly polar and fully saturated, the addition of ACMP enhances the resistance to oil and thermal aging of the NR vulcanizate. Significant improvement of thermal aging resistance is found when 10 phr or more of ACMP is added.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"78 1","pages":"139 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89150647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309354369
Lei Wang, Bang-hu Xie, Wei Yang, Yue-Xin Shen, Ming‐bo Yang
The influence of ethylene and 1-octene copolymer content on the fracture behavior of compression-molded polypropylene/copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene blends was evaluated by means of the essential work of fracture method. The results indicated that the approach worked well for the polypropylene/copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene blends when copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content was 0∼7.5 wt%. The specific essential work of fracture (we) of the blends increased with increasing copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content and the dominant factor which affected we was the necking and subsequent fracture term (we,n). The specific non-essential work of fracture (βwp) slightly increased with increasing copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content, while the term wp showed a decreasing trend with increasing shape factor (β). The trend of w e values obtained from crack-opening displacement was similar to that of essential work of fracture tests.
{"title":"Essential Work of Fracture Evaluation of Compression-Molded Polypropylene/Ethylene and 1-Octene Copolymer Blends","authors":"Lei Wang, Bang-hu Xie, Wei Yang, Yue-Xin Shen, Ming‐bo Yang","doi":"10.1177/0095244309354369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309354369","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of ethylene and 1-octene copolymer content on the fracture behavior of compression-molded polypropylene/copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene blends was evaluated by means of the essential work of fracture method. The results indicated that the approach worked well for the polypropylene/copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene blends when copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content was 0∼7.5 wt%. The specific essential work of fracture (we) of the blends increased with increasing copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content and the dominant factor which affected we was the necking and subsequent fracture term (we,n). The specific non-essential work of fracture (βwp) slightly increased with increasing copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene content, while the term wp showed a decreasing trend with increasing shape factor (β). The trend of w e values obtained from crack-opening displacement was similar to that of essential work of fracture tests.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"16 1","pages":"101 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75435827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244310362397
S. Ryu, D. Lee
The puncture and burst properties of short-fiber reinforced polychloroprene rubber under various conditions were investigated to yield the best mechanical properties. In addition to five types of interphase conditions, four types of fiber aspect ratios (AR: length of fiber/diameter of fiber) and three different fiber contents were studied for their roles in the puncture and burst properties of rubber products. Certain interphase conditions and higher fiber ARs were shown to provide higher puncture and burst stresses at a given fiber content. Since both testing methods measure biaxial properties of reinforced rubber, the relation between the two properties is studied. The discrepancy between regressed puncture and burst force is explained based upon the rubber stiffness due to reinforcing parameters and the stress concentration upon sharp edge. Overall, it was found that the interphase condition, fiber AR, and fiber content have an important effect upon puncture and burst properties.
{"title":"Effects of Interphase and Short Fiber on Puncture and Burst Properties of Short-fiber Reinforced Chloroprene Rubber","authors":"S. Ryu, D. Lee","doi":"10.1177/0095244310362397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244310362397","url":null,"abstract":"The puncture and burst properties of short-fiber reinforced polychloroprene rubber under various conditions were investigated to yield the best mechanical properties. In addition to five types of interphase conditions, four types of fiber aspect ratios (AR: length of fiber/diameter of fiber) and three different fiber contents were studied for their roles in the puncture and burst properties of rubber products. Certain interphase conditions and higher fiber ARs were shown to provide higher puncture and burst stresses at a given fiber content. Since both testing methods measure biaxial properties of reinforced rubber, the relation between the two properties is studied. The discrepancy between regressed puncture and burst force is explained based upon the rubber stiffness due to reinforcing parameters and the stress concentration upon sharp edge. Overall, it was found that the interphase condition, fiber AR, and fiber content have an important effect upon puncture and burst properties.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"109 1","pages":"181 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-24DOI: 10.1177/0095244310362403
Harintharavimal Balakrishnan, Azman Hassan, M. U. Wahit
Melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was performed to investigate the effects of LLDPE loadings on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/LLDPE blends. LLDPE was blended with PLA from 5—15 wt% and prepared by counterrotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding into test samples. The mechanical properties of the blends were assessed through tensile, flexural and impact testings while thermal properties were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the dispersion and particle size of LLDPE in PLA matrix. The impact strength of PLA improved by 53% with addition of 10 wt% LLDPE. However, the tensile modulus and strength, and elongation at break of PLA/LLDPE blends decreased with increasing weight ratio of LLDPE. Similarly, flexural modulus and strength also dropped with addition of LLDPE. DSC results showed that glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity (X c) of PLA increased with blending of LLDPE. The LLDPE particles size was seen to increase with increasing loadings of LLDPE which explains the unexpected decrease of impact strength after 10 wt%.
{"title":"Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Polylactic Acid/Linear Low Density Polyethylene Blends","authors":"Harintharavimal Balakrishnan, Azman Hassan, M. U. Wahit","doi":"10.1177/0095244310362403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244310362403","url":null,"abstract":"Melt blending of polylactic acid (PLA) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was performed to investigate the effects of LLDPE loadings on the morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA/LLDPE blends. LLDPE was blended with PLA from 5—15 wt% and prepared by counterrotating twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding into test samples. The mechanical properties of the blends were assessed through tensile, flexural and impact testings while thermal properties were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the dispersion and particle size of LLDPE in PLA matrix. The impact strength of PLA improved by 53% with addition of 10 wt% LLDPE. However, the tensile modulus and strength, and elongation at break of PLA/LLDPE blends decreased with increasing weight ratio of LLDPE. Similarly, flexural modulus and strength also dropped with addition of LLDPE. DSC results showed that glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallinity (X c) of PLA increased with blending of LLDPE. The LLDPE particles size was seen to increase with increasing loadings of LLDPE which explains the unexpected decrease of impact strength after 10 wt%.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"35 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-03DOI: 10.1177/0095244310362732
S. Oprea
Cross-linked polyurethanes (PUs) based on poly(1,4-butane diol), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6 hexamethylene diisocyanate with a varied content and nature of the hard segment and a constant soft segment length were hydrolytically degraded in distilled water at 37°C. The incubation of polymer samples took place over a period of maximum 30 days. The changes in tensile strength and morphology of PU samples were tested after a particular period of incubation. Degradation was determined by FTIR-ATR and by analyzing mechanical properties. It is demonstrated that the degree of degradation of PUs in distilled water is dependent on the degree of cross-linking and nature of the diisocyanates and chain extenders.
{"title":"Influence of Hard Segment Structure on Degradation of Cross-linked Poly(ether urethanes) Elastomers","authors":"S. Oprea","doi":"10.1177/0095244310362732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244310362732","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-linked polyurethanes (PUs) based on poly(1,4-butane diol), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6 hexamethylene diisocyanate with a varied content and nature of the hard segment and a constant soft segment length were hydrolytically degraded in distilled water at 37°C. The incubation of polymer samples took place over a period of maximum 30 days. The changes in tensile strength and morphology of PU samples were tested after a particular period of incubation. Degradation was determined by FTIR-ATR and by analyzing mechanical properties. It is demonstrated that the degree of degradation of PUs in distilled water is dependent on the degree of cross-linking and nature of the diisocyanates and chain extenders.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"54 1","pages":"163 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86733476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309359363
{"title":"Thanks to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0095244309359363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309359363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"32 1","pages":"93 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81249916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309349476
R. M. Fernandes, L. Visconte, R. Nunes
In this work mica or carbon black were used as filler in composites of acrylic rubber (ACM). The fillers differ not only in nature, mica being a mineral material and carbon black being organic, but also in form and particle size. The content of filler varied from 0 to 50 phr and its influence on ACM was evaluated based on cure parameters, mechanical, and swelling properties. The cure parameters allow the conclusion that the presence of mica does not have a negative effect on the cure or processability; the swelling results indicated a weak interaction between ACM and mica even though the mechanical properties of ACM composition with 40 phr of mica were found to be similar to those of 20 phr carbon black. As a result of mica being less expensive than carbon black, is light colored and easily processible, these properties are of industrial importance. All properties analyzed were compared with gum type composition (without filler).
{"title":"Characteristics of Acrylic Rubber Composites with Mica and Carbon Black","authors":"R. M. Fernandes, L. Visconte, R. Nunes","doi":"10.1177/0095244309349476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309349476","url":null,"abstract":"In this work mica or carbon black were used as filler in composites of acrylic rubber (ACM). The fillers differ not only in nature, mica being a mineral material and carbon black being organic, but also in form and particle size. The content of filler varied from 0 to 50 phr and its influence on ACM was evaluated based on cure parameters, mechanical, and swelling properties. The cure parameters allow the conclusion that the presence of mica does not have a negative effect on the cure or processability; the swelling results indicated a weak interaction between ACM and mica even though the mechanical properties of ACM composition with 40 phr of mica were found to be similar to those of 20 phr carbon black. As a result of mica being less expensive than carbon black, is light colored and easily processible, these properties are of industrial importance. All properties analyzed were compared with gum type composition (without filler).","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"10 1","pages":"65 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82423774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309349473
Wen-Fu Lee, Heng-Hsien Lee
To improve the wettability or hydrophilicity of the styrene— butadiene—styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer membrane using as transdermal patches, a series of graft copolymers were prepared by grafting hydrophilic monomers onto SBS membrane through ultraviolet irradiation technique. The characterization of the grafted membranes and the influence of various grafting factors on grafting percentage were studied. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate the surface properties of the grafted membrane. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of the grafted membrane. Experimental results showed that the grafting percentage and extent of grafting per area (mg/ cm2) were about linearly increased with an increase of the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer. In addition, the grafting percentage and extent of grafting per area for the grafted membranes were also approximately linearly increased with increase in irradiation time until 40 min. Decreasing contact angle and increasing equilibrium water content confirmed that the wettability of modified SBS membrane was improved.
{"title":"Surface Graft Modification of Styrene—Butadiene—Styrene Triblock Copolymer Membrane by Ultraviolet Irradiation","authors":"Wen-Fu Lee, Heng-Hsien Lee","doi":"10.1177/0095244309349473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309349473","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the wettability or hydrophilicity of the styrene— butadiene—styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer membrane using as transdermal patches, a series of graft copolymers were prepared by grafting hydrophilic monomers onto SBS membrane through ultraviolet irradiation technique. The characterization of the grafted membranes and the influence of various grafting factors on grafting percentage were studied. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate the surface properties of the grafted membrane. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of the grafted membrane. Experimental results showed that the grafting percentage and extent of grafting per area (mg/ cm2) were about linearly increased with an increase of the molar ratio of hydrophilic monomer. In addition, the grafting percentage and extent of grafting per area for the grafted membranes were also approximately linearly increased with increase in irradiation time until 40 min. Decreasing contact angle and increasing equilibrium water content confirmed that the wettability of modified SBS membrane was improved.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"72 1","pages":"49 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90479430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309345410
E. Kalkornsurapranee, K. Sahakaro, Azizon Kaesaman, C. Nakason
Graft copolymer of natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) was prepared using CHP/TEPA redox initiators at 50°C and a reaction time of 3 h. Various reaction volumes (i.e., 0.5, 100, and 200 L) were used to prepare the graft copolymer which was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometer (1H-NMR) techniques. It was found that conversion of monomer to polymer and grafting efficiency slightly decreased with increasing reaction volumes. Quantity of grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was calculated based on the integrated peak areas of the 1H-NMR spectra and quantitative analysis by extraction method. It was found that both techniques gave similar level of the grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) onto the natural rubber backbone. Furthermore, Mooney viscosities, glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) of the natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) were slightly decreased with increasing the reaction volumes.
{"title":"Influence of Reaction Volume on the Properties of Natural Rubber-g-Methyl Methacrylate","authors":"E. Kalkornsurapranee, K. Sahakaro, Azizon Kaesaman, C. Nakason","doi":"10.1177/0095244309345410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309345410","url":null,"abstract":"Graft copolymer of natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) was prepared using CHP/TEPA redox initiators at 50°C and a reaction time of 3 h. Various reaction volumes (i.e., 0.5, 100, and 200 L) were used to prepare the graft copolymer which was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometer (1H-NMR) techniques. It was found that conversion of monomer to polymer and grafting efficiency slightly decreased with increasing reaction volumes. Quantity of grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) was calculated based on the integrated peak areas of the 1H-NMR spectra and quantitative analysis by extraction method. It was found that both techniques gave similar level of the grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) onto the natural rubber backbone. Furthermore, Mooney viscosities, glass transition temperature (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) of the natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate) were slightly decreased with increasing the reaction volumes.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"130 1","pages":"17 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76018378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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