Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309349481
Hui-Juan Huang, Wei Yang, Bang-hu Xie, Qing-Guo Li, Ming‐bo Yang
The fracture behavior of polypropylene/ethylene—propylene— diene terpolymer (100/8) blends with different microstructure was investigated using the essential work of fracture approach. Ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer and dicumyl peroxide were mixed in a single-screw extruder at 140°C, and the crosslinking reaction had hardly taken place at this temperature. Then the reactive extrusion of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer and polypropylene was performed on a twin-screw extruder at a temperature range of 160—210°C and ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer was crosslinked in this process. Various crosslinking density of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer in polypropylene/ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer (100/8) blends was obtained by varying the concentration of dicumyl peroxide. With increasing dicumyl peroxide concentration, melt flow rate of the blends gradually increased but the increasing trend was slowed up. The degradation reaction of polypropylene was markedly restrained by adopting such a processing method. From the result of scanning electron microscopy, the size of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer particles was reduced and a more uniform particle size distribution was obtained. The existence of polypropylene/ ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer graft copolymer was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and the negative effect of the graft copolymer on the crystalline rate of polypropylene macromolecules which were grafted onto ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer chains was validated. The specific essential work of fracture (we) increased markedly with increasing dicumyl peroxide concentration for the blends prepared. When the concentration of dicumyl peroxide was 0.3 wt% of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer content, the value of we of the dynamic vulcanized blends was about 165% as that of polypropylene/ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer simple blends or polypropylene, while the specific plastic work (βwp) was still larger than that of polypropylene.
{"title":"Flowing Performance, Microstructures, and Fracture Toughness of Dynamically Vulcanized PP/EPDM Blends","authors":"Hui-Juan Huang, Wei Yang, Bang-hu Xie, Qing-Guo Li, Ming‐bo Yang","doi":"10.1177/0095244309349481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309349481","url":null,"abstract":"The fracture behavior of polypropylene/ethylene—propylene— diene terpolymer (100/8) blends with different microstructure was investigated using the essential work of fracture approach. Ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer and dicumyl peroxide were mixed in a single-screw extruder at 140°C, and the crosslinking reaction had hardly taken place at this temperature. Then the reactive extrusion of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer and polypropylene was performed on a twin-screw extruder at a temperature range of 160—210°C and ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer was crosslinked in this process. Various crosslinking density of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer in polypropylene/ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer (100/8) blends was obtained by varying the concentration of dicumyl peroxide. With increasing dicumyl peroxide concentration, melt flow rate of the blends gradually increased but the increasing trend was slowed up. The degradation reaction of polypropylene was markedly restrained by adopting such a processing method. From the result of scanning electron microscopy, the size of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer particles was reduced and a more uniform particle size distribution was obtained. The existence of polypropylene/ ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer graft copolymer was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and the negative effect of the graft copolymer on the crystalline rate of polypropylene macromolecules which were grafted onto ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer chains was validated. The specific essential work of fracture (we) increased markedly with increasing dicumyl peroxide concentration for the blends prepared. When the concentration of dicumyl peroxide was 0.3 wt% of ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer content, the value of we of the dynamic vulcanized blends was about 165% as that of polypropylene/ethylene—propylene—diene terpolymer simple blends or polypropylene, while the specific plastic work (βwp) was still larger than that of polypropylene.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"113 1","pages":"75 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79236936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309345407
S. Thawornwisit, K. Charmondusit, G. Rempel, N. Hinchiranan, P. Prasassarakich
The mechanical properties of brittle polymers are improved by blending with rubbers. Due to C=C in the rubber structure, polymer/rubber blends have poor thermal and oxidative resistance. In this research, the mechanical and physical properties including the morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) sheet modified by blending with hydrogenated natural rubber were investigated. The optimum styrene content in copolymer sheets for improving the mechanical properties was 20% (w/w) and inclusion of hydrogenated natural rubber at 1% (w/w) exhibited a higher thermal resistance. This implies that hydrogenated natural rubber can be used as an impact modifier and thermal resistance improver for acrylic plastics
{"title":"Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-co-Styrene) Modified with Hydrogenated Natural Rubber","authors":"S. Thawornwisit, K. Charmondusit, G. Rempel, N. Hinchiranan, P. Prasassarakich","doi":"10.1177/0095244309345407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309345407","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of brittle polymers are improved by blending with rubbers. Due to C=C in the rubber structure, polymer/rubber blends have poor thermal and oxidative resistance. In this research, the mechanical and physical properties including the morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene) sheet modified by blending with hydrogenated natural rubber were investigated. The optimum styrene content in copolymer sheets for improving the mechanical properties was 20% (w/w) and inclusion of hydrogenated natural rubber at 1% (w/w) exhibited a higher thermal resistance. This implies that hydrogenated natural rubber can be used as an impact modifier and thermal resistance improver for acrylic plastics","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"64 1","pages":"35 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85642962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309345409
Jianhua Guo, Xingrong Zeng, Quankun Luo
The fluororubber/silicone rubber blends were prepared by using fluororubber grafted by γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysliane as a compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared Spectra revealed that γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysliane has been grafted onto fluororubber backbone. The effect of the compatibilizer content on curing characteristics, stress—strain behavior, mechanical properties, heat aging properties, and oil resistance was investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and oil resistance of the blends were improved with increasing of the compatibilizer up to 11.8 wt%. The compatibility of fluororubber and silicone rubber phase was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis.
{"title":"Compatibilizing Effect of Fluororubber Grafted by γ-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysliane in Fluororubber/Silicone Rubber Blends","authors":"Jianhua Guo, Xingrong Zeng, Quankun Luo","doi":"10.1177/0095244309345409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309345409","url":null,"abstract":"The fluororubber/silicone rubber blends were prepared by using fluororubber grafted by γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysliane as a compatibilizer. Fourier transform infrared Spectra revealed that γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysliane has been grafted onto fluororubber backbone. The effect of the compatibilizer content on curing characteristics, stress—strain behavior, mechanical properties, heat aging properties, and oil resistance was investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties and oil resistance of the blends were improved with increasing of the compatibilizer up to 11.8 wt%. The compatibility of fluororubber and silicone rubber phase was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"50 1","pages":"554 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73848901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309345411
Aline Zanchet, L. N. Carli, M. Giovanela, J. S. Crespo, C. H. Scuracchio, R. Nunes
The recycling of waste rubber has considerable significance in terms of environmental protection and energy conservation. Considering that most of the relevant literature is concerned with tire recycling, the objective of this study is to develop and characterize styrene-butadiene rubber composites containing only industrial rubber scraps devulcanized by microwave. The styrene-butadiene rubber extruded profile scraps were collected and ground under ambient conditions. The obtained powder styrene-butadiene rubber-r was physically, thermally, and chemically characterized. From the devulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber-r two composites were prepared, varying the exposure time of the powder in the microwave (3 and 4 min). These composites were compared to a control sample supplied by the industry from which the styrene-butadiene rubber extruded profile scraps were collected. Vulcanization parameters were determined by oscillatory disk rheometry. Vulcanized composites were characterized by crosslink density and physical-mechanical properties (Shore A hardness, tensile and tear strength, and compression set) before and after a postcure process. The mechanical properties of the compositions were ∼25% for tensile strength and 41% for tear strength compared to the control sample. The results for the crosslink density verified those for the mechanical properties of the composites.
{"title":"Characterization of Microwave-Devulcanized Composites of Ground SBR Scraps","authors":"Aline Zanchet, L. N. Carli, M. Giovanela, J. S. Crespo, C. H. Scuracchio, R. Nunes","doi":"10.1177/0095244309345411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309345411","url":null,"abstract":"The recycling of waste rubber has considerable significance in terms of environmental protection and energy conservation. Considering that most of the relevant literature is concerned with tire recycling, the objective of this study is to develop and characterize styrene-butadiene rubber composites containing only industrial rubber scraps devulcanized by microwave. The styrene-butadiene rubber extruded profile scraps were collected and ground under ambient conditions. The obtained powder styrene-butadiene rubber-r was physically, thermally, and chemically characterized. From the devulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber-r two composites were prepared, varying the exposure time of the powder in the microwave (3 and 4 min). These composites were compared to a control sample supplied by the industry from which the styrene-butadiene rubber extruded profile scraps were collected. Vulcanization parameters were determined by oscillatory disk rheometry. Vulcanized composites were characterized by crosslink density and physical-mechanical properties (Shore A hardness, tensile and tear strength, and compression set) before and after a postcure process. The mechanical properties of the compositions were ∼25% for tensile strength and 41% for tear strength compared to the control sample. The results for the crosslink density verified those for the mechanical properties of the composites.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"194 1","pages":"497 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75882458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309340984
Jincheng Wang, K. Yang, X. Zheng
Novel antistatic agents containing metal salt were used to prepare polyurethane foam (PUF) in this study. The effects of different conditions such as amount of antistatic agent, type and ratio of metal salt, temperature, relative humidity and time, on the surface resistivity were studied. Typically, the research of replacement of silver metal salt with tin metal salt has been conducted. Antistatic property of these composites illustrates that AgIO 3 metal salt replaced by two-thirds amount of SnCl4 also shows excellent conductivity. Structure and other properties of these conductive PUF were examined by FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Moreover, the antistatic mechanism of these agents was put up. It was proposed that the metal salt in the antistatic agent might develop a conducting road. This can increase conductivity of the polymeric materials and decrease the corresponding surface resistivity.
{"title":"Studies on the Effect of Novel Antistatic Agent on the Properties of Polyurethane Foam","authors":"Jincheng Wang, K. Yang, X. Zheng","doi":"10.1177/0095244309340984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309340984","url":null,"abstract":"Novel antistatic agents containing metal salt were used to prepare polyurethane foam (PUF) in this study. The effects of different conditions such as amount of antistatic agent, type and ratio of metal salt, temperature, relative humidity and time, on the surface resistivity were studied. Typically, the research of replacement of silver metal salt with tin metal salt has been conducted. Antistatic property of these composites illustrates that AgIO 3 metal salt replaced by two-thirds amount of SnCl4 also shows excellent conductivity. Structure and other properties of these conductive PUF were examined by FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Moreover, the antistatic mechanism of these agents was put up. It was proposed that the metal salt in the antistatic agent might develop a conducting road. This can increase conductivity of the polymeric materials and decrease the corresponding surface resistivity.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"3 1","pages":"483 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73209494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1177/0095244309099083
M. John, Sabu Thomas, K. T. Varughese
Natural rubber was reinforced with sisal—oil palm hybrid fibers. Composites were prepared by varying the weight content of the fibers and chemical modification of the biofibers. The interaction of three different types of aromatic solvents, namely, benzene, toluene, and xylene with the rubber composites was analyzed. Textile composites were also prepared by sandwiching a single sheet of sisal fabric between two pre-weighed rubber sheets. The diffusion behavior of the textile composites in benzene, toluene, and xylene was also analyzed. The mechanics of diffusion was found to be different for hybrid and textile biocomposites. The swelling index factor was also calculated for all the composites. Swelling was found to be predominantly dependent on the aromatic solvent used and chemical treatments. Chemically modified composites were found to be less prone to solvent permeation.
{"title":"Comparison of Interaction of Aromatic Solvents in Hybrid and Textile Biocomposites","authors":"M. John, Sabu Thomas, K. T. Varughese","doi":"10.1177/0095244309099083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309099083","url":null,"abstract":"Natural rubber was reinforced with sisal—oil palm hybrid fibers. Composites were prepared by varying the weight content of the fibers and chemical modification of the biofibers. The interaction of three different types of aromatic solvents, namely, benzene, toluene, and xylene with the rubber composites was analyzed. Textile composites were also prepared by sandwiching a single sheet of sisal fabric between two pre-weighed rubber sheets. The diffusion behavior of the textile composites in benzene, toluene, and xylene was also analyzed. The mechanics of diffusion was found to be different for hybrid and textile biocomposites. The swelling index factor was also calculated for all the composites. Swelling was found to be predominantly dependent on the aromatic solvent used and chemical treatments. Chemically modified composites were found to be less prone to solvent permeation.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"40 1","pages":"523 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87969403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-22DOI: 10.1177/0095244309340982
R. Magaraphan, Vijitra Srinarang
Admicellar polymerization is a reaction for coating a thin-film of polymer on a surface. The process consists of the polymerization of the adsolubilized monomer in the hydrophobic regions of the surfactant bilayers that adsorbed on the substrate surface. In this research, the admicellar polymerization of polystyrene was carried out using micron to submicron size natural rubber particles as substrates. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to form the surfactant template. The adsorption isotherm of CTAB was determined in the absence and presence of salt. Styrene adsolubilization was found to increase with initial styrene concentration and in the presence of salt. The synthesized polystyrene in the molecular bilayer of micelles surrounding the natural rubber particles was characterized by optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The observed morphology of the rubber particles after reaction was clearly two phases, a core-shell structure having the natural rubber core covered by the polystyrene shell. These core-shell particles were spheres and aggregated strongly in the emulsion. Effect of initiator type was investigated. The synthesized products showed core-shell morphology, which was still obtained after heating but after cooling phase inversion occurred and showed polystyrene-rich core and natural rubber-rich shell. Thin lamellar of both components was found in both polystyrene-rich core and natural rubber-rich shell making unique morphology and extended single transition of thermal decomposition. FTIR results show characteristic peaks of natural rubber and polystyrene and the absorbance of styrene increases with increasing styrene content. The TGA result showed that the decomposition temperatures of the products were altered by the amount of polystyrene.
{"title":"Admicellar Polymerization of Polystyrene on Natural Rubber Particles","authors":"R. Magaraphan, Vijitra Srinarang","doi":"10.1177/0095244309340982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309340982","url":null,"abstract":"Admicellar polymerization is a reaction for coating a thin-film of polymer on a surface. The process consists of the polymerization of the adsolubilized monomer in the hydrophobic regions of the surfactant bilayers that adsorbed on the substrate surface. In this research, the admicellar polymerization of polystyrene was carried out using micron to submicron size natural rubber particles as substrates. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to form the surfactant template. The adsorption isotherm of CTAB was determined in the absence and presence of salt. Styrene adsolubilization was found to increase with initial styrene concentration and in the presence of salt. The synthesized polystyrene in the molecular bilayer of micelles surrounding the natural rubber particles was characterized by optical microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The observed morphology of the rubber particles after reaction was clearly two phases, a core-shell structure having the natural rubber core covered by the polystyrene shell. These core-shell particles were spheres and aggregated strongly in the emulsion. Effect of initiator type was investigated. The synthesized products showed core-shell morphology, which was still obtained after heating but after cooling phase inversion occurred and showed polystyrene-rich core and natural rubber-rich shell. Thin lamellar of both components was found in both polystyrene-rich core and natural rubber-rich shell making unique morphology and extended single transition of thermal decomposition. FTIR results show characteristic peaks of natural rubber and polystyrene and the absorbance of styrene increases with increasing styrene content. The TGA result showed that the decomposition temperatures of the products were altered by the amount of polystyrene.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"41 1","pages":"457 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79613229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-22DOI: 10.1177/0095244309342011
R. Manshaie, M. Hafezi, S. Nouri Khorasani
In this research physico-mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, resilience, abrasion resistance, and compression set of unsaturated natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) alloy cured by sulfur curing system were investigated. Factorial design method was employed in order to formulate the sulfur curing system. Three different curing agents were used and their effects on physico-mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The results show that with increasing each curing agent, curing time and scorch time reduce and maximum torque increases. Tensile strength, % elongation at break, tear strength, and compression set decrease while hardness, resilience, and abrasion increase. The results show that application of factorial design significantly reduces research and development costs by decreasing the number of experimental configurations to be studied and the results are accurate. Results from factorial design procedure very well match the experimental results with accuracy in order of 2% variations.
{"title":"Application of Factorial Design in Determination of Physico-Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Alloy — Influence of Sulfur Curing System","authors":"R. Manshaie, M. Hafezi, S. Nouri Khorasani","doi":"10.1177/0095244309342011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309342011","url":null,"abstract":"In this research physico-mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, resilience, abrasion resistance, and compression set of unsaturated natural rubber and styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) alloy cured by sulfur curing system were investigated. Factorial design method was employed in order to formulate the sulfur curing system. Three different curing agents were used and their effects on physico-mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The results show that with increasing each curing agent, curing time and scorch time reduce and maximum torque increases. Tensile strength, % elongation at break, tear strength, and compression set decrease while hardness, resilience, and abrasion increase. The results show that application of factorial design significantly reduces research and development costs by decreasing the number of experimental configurations to be studied and the results are accurate. Results from factorial design procedure very well match the experimental results with accuracy in order of 2% variations.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"543 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-13DOI: 10.1177/0095244309339789
Q. Dou, Quliang Lu, Huai-Dong Li
The effects of glutaric acid and the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, and cadmium salts of glutaric acid on the formation of β-crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) at the crystallization temperatures 120 and 130°C have been investigated. It is found that glutaric acid and the sodium, potassium, and zinc salts of glutaric acid inhibit the formation of β-crystalline form in polypropylene. Lithium glutarate has a limited positive effect on the formation of β-crystalline form. Magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium salts of glutaric acid exhibit increased β-nucleation abilities with the increasing atomic radii of the combined metals. Cadmium glutarate is a good β-nucleating agent and the formation of β-crystalline form is favored at the crystallization temperature of 120°C. The increases in the orientation of b-axes of the nucleated iPP samples are due to the presences of sodium and zinc salts of glutaric acid.
{"title":"Effect of Metallic Salts of Glutaric Acid on the Formation of β-crystalline Form in Isotactic Polypropylene","authors":"Q. Dou, Quliang Lu, Huai-Dong Li","doi":"10.1177/0095244309339789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309339789","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of glutaric acid and the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, and cadmium salts of glutaric acid on the formation of β-crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) at the crystallization temperatures 120 and 130°C have been investigated. It is found that glutaric acid and the sodium, potassium, and zinc salts of glutaric acid inhibit the formation of β-crystalline form in polypropylene. Lithium glutarate has a limited positive effect on the formation of β-crystalline form. Magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium salts of glutaric acid exhibit increased β-nucleation abilities with the increasing atomic radii of the combined metals. Cadmium glutarate is a good β-nucleating agent and the formation of β-crystalline form is favored at the crystallization temperature of 120°C. The increases in the orientation of b-axes of the nucleated iPP samples are due to the presences of sodium and zinc salts of glutaric acid.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"80 1","pages":"509 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80451676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-13DOI: 10.1177/0095244309340980
B. T. Poh, C.E. Chew
The viscosity, loop tack, and peel strength of kaolin-filled epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25 grade) adhesive was investigated using gum rosin as the tackifying resin. Kaolin loading was varied from 10—50 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), whereas the gum rosin concentration was fixed at 40 phr. Toluene was used as the solvent throughout the study. Polyethylene terephthalate substrate was coated at various adhesive coating thicknesses, i.e., 30, 60, 90, and 120 µm using a SHEEN hand coater. A HAAKE Rotary Viscometer Viscosity was used to measure the viscosity of the adhesive. Loop tack and peel strength were determined by a Llyod Adhesion Tester operating at 30 cm/min. Results show that viscosity of the adhesive increases gradually with increase of kaolin loading due to the concentration effect of the filler. Loop tack and peel strength, however, show maximum value at 20 phr and 30 phr kaolin, respectively, an observation which is attributed to the maximum wettability and compatibility of adhesive on the substrate.
{"title":"Effect of Kaolin on Adhesion Property of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-based Pressure-sensitive Adhesive Using Gum Rosin as the Tackifier","authors":"B. T. Poh, C.E. Chew","doi":"10.1177/0095244309340980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244309340980","url":null,"abstract":"The viscosity, loop tack, and peel strength of kaolin-filled epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25 grade) adhesive was investigated using gum rosin as the tackifying resin. Kaolin loading was varied from 10—50 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr), whereas the gum rosin concentration was fixed at 40 phr. Toluene was used as the solvent throughout the study. Polyethylene terephthalate substrate was coated at various adhesive coating thicknesses, i.e., 30, 60, 90, and 120 µm using a SHEEN hand coater. A HAAKE Rotary Viscometer Viscosity was used to measure the viscosity of the adhesive. Loop tack and peel strength were determined by a Llyod Adhesion Tester operating at 30 cm/min. Results show that viscosity of the adhesive increases gradually with increase of kaolin loading due to the concentration effect of the filler. Loop tack and peel strength, however, show maximum value at 20 phr and 30 phr kaolin, respectively, an observation which is attributed to the maximum wettability and compatibility of adhesive on the substrate.","PeriodicalId":15644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers and Plastics","volume":"2 1","pages":"447 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86530487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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