Abstract In this study, a modified version of salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) is used to synthesize elliptical antenna arrays (EAAs). The original salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by the behavior of salps in nature, which is used to solve engineering problems. The main purpose of the synthesis in this study is to obtain an EAA pattern with low maximum sidelobe levels (MSLs) for a fixed narrow first null beamwidth (FNBW). For different examples, the amplitude and angular position values of the antenna array elements are considered as optimization parameters. To show the effectiveness of the MSSA, eight examples of EAAs with 8, 12, and 20 elements are given. The results obtained with MSSA are compared with those of the antlion optimization, symbiotic organizations search, flower pollination algorithm, and accelerated particle swarm optimization from the literature. It is clear from the numerical results that MSSA outperforms the other algorithms in terms of the suppression of MSL.
{"title":"Sidelobe level suppression for elliptical antenna arrays using modified SALP swarm algorithm","authors":"Erhan Kurt, Suad Basbug, K. Guney","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, a modified version of salp swarm algorithm (MSSA) is used to synthesize elliptical antenna arrays (EAAs). The original salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by the behavior of salps in nature, which is used to solve engineering problems. The main purpose of the synthesis in this study is to obtain an EAA pattern with low maximum sidelobe levels (MSLs) for a fixed narrow first null beamwidth (FNBW). For different examples, the amplitude and angular position values of the antenna array elements are considered as optimization parameters. To show the effectiveness of the MSSA, eight examples of EAAs with 8, 12, and 20 elements are given. The results obtained with MSSA are compared with those of the antlion optimization, symbiotic organizations search, flower pollination algorithm, and accelerated particle swarm optimization from the literature. It is clear from the numerical results that MSSA outperforms the other algorithms in terms of the suppression of MSL.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"325 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A triple path dual resistive feedback noise cancellation (TP-DRNC) low noise amplifier (LNA) with transformer output presented which provides high gain, low noise figure (NF), and high figure of merit (FM). The analysis of triple path, dual resistive, gain, and NF have been discussed. The effect of various components used in the circuit have been analyzed and their optimized values are obtained which resulted in the high (FM). The combination of dual resistive feedback with triple path NC transformer output allowed for low NF and high gain. The proposed GPDK 45 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology-based LNA offers a flat gain curve of 10.81 dB over the range of 1.6 GHz to 4.3 GHz, or 2.7 GHz bandwidth, and S11 less than −9 dB. The input third order intercept point (IIP3) for the given bandwidth has value of 5.7 dBm, while the minimal NF achieved is 2.7 dB; (FM1) is 14.026 and (FM2) is 12.48. The proposed LNA’s layout with an o -chip transformer has an area of 0.01985 mm2
{"title":"A triple path noise cancellation LNA with transformer output using 45 nm CMOS technology","authors":"Dheeraj Kalra, Vishal Goyal, M. Srivastava","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A triple path dual resistive feedback noise cancellation (TP-DRNC) low noise amplifier (LNA) with transformer output presented which provides high gain, low noise figure (NF), and high figure of merit (FM). The analysis of triple path, dual resistive, gain, and NF have been discussed. The effect of various components used in the circuit have been analyzed and their optimized values are obtained which resulted in the high (FM). The combination of dual resistive feedback with triple path NC transformer output allowed for low NF and high gain. The proposed GPDK 45 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology-based LNA offers a flat gain curve of 10.81 dB over the range of 1.6 GHz to 4.3 GHz, or 2.7 GHz bandwidth, and S11 less than −9 dB. The input third order intercept point (IIP3) for the given bandwidth has value of 5.7 dBm, while the minimal NF achieved is 2.7 dB; (FM1) is 14.026 and (FM2) is 12.48. The proposed LNA’s layout with an o -chip transformer has an area of 0.01985 mm2","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"337 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48646543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper proposes a new inverter control strategy whose main purpose is to reduce the current harmonic distortion resulting from unnecessary control actions without sacrificing the system’s dynamic response. The brain’s capabilities to learn and react to stress are mimicked to generate control actions based on emotional cues. The model is based on the brain emotional learning based intelligent controller, to which an autonomous nervous system was added. The modified controller aims at separating the strategy during transient states from the one during steady states. The proposed method was compared to the PI controller, the PR controller, and a neural network-based controller on Matlab Simulink. It shows major improvements in terms of harmonic distortion and a complete removal of the inter-harmonics. It provides a good dynamic response in transient states and an immunity to irrelevant signal variations during the steady state, which results in an improvement in the harmonic production.
{"title":"A new control strategy for harmonic reduction in photovoltaic inverters inspired by the autonomous nervous system","authors":"Walid Rahmouni, G. Bachir, M. Aillerie","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a new inverter control strategy whose main purpose is to reduce the current harmonic distortion resulting from unnecessary control actions without sacrificing the system’s dynamic response. The brain’s capabilities to learn and react to stress are mimicked to generate control actions based on emotional cues. The model is based on the brain emotional learning based intelligent controller, to which an autonomous nervous system was added. The modified controller aims at separating the strategy during transient states from the one during steady states. The proposed method was compared to the PI controller, the PR controller, and a neural network-based controller on Matlab Simulink. It shows major improvements in terms of harmonic distortion and a complete removal of the inter-harmonics. It provides a good dynamic response in transient states and an immunity to irrelevant signal variations during the steady state, which results in an improvement in the harmonic production.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"310 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article is devoted to the complete design of an intelligent barrier that uses piezoelectric ceramic transducers as transmitter of an acoustic signal and as a receiver. There is a relatively rich device base on the market for these transducers. These transducers are also not economically demanding. The barrier is composed of three identical bars. A continues wave rectangular signal generation is used for excitation of the converters on the transmitting side. The receiving side is more complex. A signal from the receiving transducer is first analog pre-processed and converted to logical values of 0 or 1. Subsequently, these signals are processed in a microcontroller system, evaluated and a possible alarm of a presence of an intruder is signaled using a display, a light-emitting diode and a piezoelectric siren. The display also shows the number of alarms. Some intelligence is added to the system by classifying a potential intruder. The functionality of the system is verified in a detail and discussed.
{"title":"An intelligent barrier using ultrasonic technology","authors":"P. Janu, Barbora Odvárková","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article is devoted to the complete design of an intelligent barrier that uses piezoelectric ceramic transducers as transmitter of an acoustic signal and as a receiver. There is a relatively rich device base on the market for these transducers. These transducers are also not economically demanding. The barrier is composed of three identical bars. A continues wave rectangular signal generation is used for excitation of the converters on the transmitting side. The receiving side is more complex. A signal from the receiving transducer is first analog pre-processed and converted to logical values of 0 or 1. Subsequently, these signals are processed in a microcontroller system, evaluated and a possible alarm of a presence of an intruder is signaled using a display, a light-emitting diode and a piezoelectric siren. The display also shows the number of alarms. Some intelligence is added to the system by classifying a potential intruder. The functionality of the system is verified in a detail and discussed.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"343 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravneel Prasad, K. Sharma, Bhavish Gulabdas, U. Mehta
Abstract Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has recently gained popularity in applications and research topics. It enables the transfer of electrical energy from a source to a load without connecting wires physically. The WPT system is commonly studied classically using integer order capacitors and inductors. Nonetheless, such integer order based systems have drawbacks, such as low output power, poor transmission efficiency and sensitivity to parameter variations. This paper proposes a fractional order resonant WPT circuit whereby both the transmitting and receiving ends are composed of a fractional capacitor and inductor to overcome such problems. In this paper, the overall performance is studied based on its output power and efficiency considering a series-parallel topology. The effect of fractional order in fractal elements will be analyzed to observe the optimal combination of components to achieve the maximum output power with higher efficiency. Through a comparative analysis of the results, several combinations of circuit parameters can provide a theoretical understanding for implementing an experimental system.
{"title":"Model of fractional-order resonant wireless power transfer system for optimal output","authors":"Ravneel Prasad, K. Sharma, Bhavish Gulabdas, U. Mehta","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has recently gained popularity in applications and research topics. It enables the transfer of electrical energy from a source to a load without connecting wires physically. The WPT system is commonly studied classically using integer order capacitors and inductors. Nonetheless, such integer order based systems have drawbacks, such as low output power, poor transmission efficiency and sensitivity to parameter variations. This paper proposes a fractional order resonant WPT circuit whereby both the transmitting and receiving ends are composed of a fractional capacitor and inductor to overcome such problems. In this paper, the overall performance is studied based on its output power and efficiency considering a series-parallel topology. The effect of fractional order in fractal elements will be analyzed to observe the optimal combination of components to achieve the maximum output power with higher efficiency. Through a comparative analysis of the results, several combinations of circuit parameters can provide a theoretical understanding for implementing an experimental system.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"258 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43861057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents findings for active-clamped flyback (ACF) DC-DC converter 57 W used as an auxiliary power-supply of a wireless inductive-charging system 800 V. Measurements of magnetizing and leakage inductances for three transformers demonstrated how big differences between them could be depending on chosen vendor. Comparison of simulated and measured Bode plots showed that, even when those plots were not matched, one could design a compensator that ensures stable operation. Evaluation of cross-regulation when output with low power (9.62 % of total) was regulated showed that such approach was feasible too. The switching frequency vs output-power and drain-source voltage of switch vs output-power graphs are presented for the first time. Comparison of bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vsinput-power, between the ACF and conventional flyback converter were discussed too. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The conventional flyback converter in DCM has higher bandwidth than the ACF which resulted in lower phase- and gain-margins. That showed that it cannot have the same compensator as an ACF.
{"title":"Active-clamped flyback DC-DC converter in an 800V application: Design notes and control aspects","authors":"Darko Vracar, P. Pejovic","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents findings for active-clamped flyback (ACF) DC-DC converter 57 W used as an auxiliary power-supply of a wireless inductive-charging system 800 V. Measurements of magnetizing and leakage inductances for three transformers demonstrated how big differences between them could be depending on chosen vendor. Comparison of simulated and measured Bode plots showed that, even when those plots were not matched, one could design a compensator that ensures stable operation. Evaluation of cross-regulation when output with low power (9.62 % of total) was regulated showed that such approach was feasible too. The switching frequency vs output-power and drain-source voltage of switch vs output-power graphs are presented for the first time. Comparison of bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vsinput-power, between the ACF and conventional flyback converter were discussed too. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The conventional flyback converter in DCM has higher bandwidth than the ACF which resulted in lower phase- and gain-margins. That showed that it cannot have the same compensator as an ACF.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"237 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a rival to complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based technology and one of the most cutting-edge nano-scale technologies. The multiplexer is a fundamental component in the fields of nano communication and nano computation. The investigative item of this article is the QCA multiplexer, and a handful of the best multiplexers were chosen as samples for the current experiment. The QCA layouts were designed in the QCADesigner-2.0.3 simulation engine environment, and the best one was reported after successfully experimenting on a total of eight samples. The co-ordinate-based energy was estimated using QCADesigner-E (QDE), and the non-adiabatic energy waste was investigated using QCAPro. According to the coordinates-based technique, the overall energy waste of the best energy-saving QCA multiplexer is 5.90 meV, with an average energy loss per cycle of 0.537 meV. Another approach, QCAPro-based, was used to estimate the energy loss at three different levels of tunneling at a constant temperature, yielding an overall energy loss of approximately 12 to 15 meV for the energy-efficient multiplexers..
{"title":"Energy estimation of QCA circuits: An investigation with multiplexers","authors":"Angshuman Khan, M. C. Parameshwara, A. Bahar","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a rival to complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based technology and one of the most cutting-edge nano-scale technologies. The multiplexer is a fundamental component in the fields of nano communication and nano computation. The investigative item of this article is the QCA multiplexer, and a handful of the best multiplexers were chosen as samples for the current experiment. The QCA layouts were designed in the QCADesigner-2.0.3 simulation engine environment, and the best one was reported after successfully experimenting on a total of eight samples. The co-ordinate-based energy was estimated using QCADesigner-E (QDE), and the non-adiabatic energy waste was investigated using QCAPro. According to the coordinates-based technique, the overall energy waste of the best energy-saving QCA multiplexer is 5.90 meV, with an average energy loss per cycle of 0.537 meV. Another approach, QCAPro-based, was used to estimate the energy loss at three different levels of tunneling at a constant temperature, yielding an overall energy loss of approximately 12 to 15 meV for the energy-efficient multiplexers..","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"276 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeeshan Ahmad, Zain ul Abidin Jaffri, N. Hassan, Meng Chen
Abstract This paper addresses the self-nulling phenomenon also known as the self-cancellation in adaptive beamformers. Optimum beamforming requires knowledge of the desired signal characteristics, either its statistics, its direction-of-arrival, or its response vector. Inaccuracies in the required information lead the beamformer to attenuate the desired signal as if it were interference. Self-nulling is caused by the desired signal having large power (high SNR) relative to the interference signal in case of the minimum variance distortion less response beamformer, and low power desired signal in the case of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) beamformer, which leads the beamformer to suppress the desired signal and lock onto the interference signal. The least-square constant modulus algorithm is a prominent blind adaptive beamforming algorithm. We propose two CMA-based algorithms which exploit the constant modularity as well as power or DOA of the desired signal to avoid self-nulling in beamforming. Simulations results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
{"title":"Robust adaptive beamforming using modified constant modulus algorithms","authors":"Zeeshan Ahmad, Zain ul Abidin Jaffri, N. Hassan, Meng Chen","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the self-nulling phenomenon also known as the self-cancellation in adaptive beamformers. Optimum beamforming requires knowledge of the desired signal characteristics, either its statistics, its direction-of-arrival, or its response vector. Inaccuracies in the required information lead the beamformer to attenuate the desired signal as if it were interference. Self-nulling is caused by the desired signal having large power (high SNR) relative to the interference signal in case of the minimum variance distortion less response beamformer, and low power desired signal in the case of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) beamformer, which leads the beamformer to suppress the desired signal and lock onto the interference signal. The least-square constant modulus algorithm is a prominent blind adaptive beamforming algorithm. We propose two CMA-based algorithms which exploit the constant modularity as well as power or DOA of the desired signal to avoid self-nulling in beamforming. Simulations results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"248 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41501485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dikhaminjia, M. Tsiklauri, Z. Kiguradze, Jiayi He, A. Chada, B. Mutnury, J. Drewniak
Abstract Channel equalization is the efficient method for recovering distorted signal and correspondingly reducing bit error rate (BER). Different type of equalizations, like feed forward equalization (FFE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE) are canceling channel effect and recovering channel response. Separate optimization of tap coefficients for FFE and DFE does not give optimal result. In this case FFE and DFE tap coefficients are found separately and they are not collaborating. Therefore, the final equalization result is not global optimal. In the present paper new analytical method for finding best tap coefficients for FFE and DFE joint equalization is introduced. The proposed method can be used for both NRZ and PAM4 signals. The idea of the methodology is to combine FFE and DFE tap coefficients into one optimization problem and allow them to collaborate and lead to the global optimal solution. The proposed joint optimization method is fast, easy to implement and efficient. The method has been tested for several measured channels and the analysis of the results are discussed.
{"title":"Analytical method for joint optimization of FFE and DFE equalizations for multi-level signals","authors":"N. Dikhaminjia, M. Tsiklauri, Z. Kiguradze, Jiayi He, A. Chada, B. Mutnury, J. Drewniak","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Channel equalization is the efficient method for recovering distorted signal and correspondingly reducing bit error rate (BER). Different type of equalizations, like feed forward equalization (FFE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE) are canceling channel effect and recovering channel response. Separate optimization of tap coefficients for FFE and DFE does not give optimal result. In this case FFE and DFE tap coefficients are found separately and they are not collaborating. Therefore, the final equalization result is not global optimal. In the present paper new analytical method for finding best tap coefficients for FFE and DFE joint equalization is introduced. The proposed method can be used for both NRZ and PAM4 signals. The idea of the methodology is to combine FFE and DFE tap coefficients into one optimization problem and allow them to collaborate and lead to the global optimal solution. The proposed joint optimization method is fast, easy to implement and efficient. The method has been tested for several measured channels and the analysis of the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"284 - 291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45595210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Recently, graphene-patch antennas have been widely used in communication technology, especially in THz applications due to the extraordinary properties of graphene material. Herein, a graphene-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate material (ɛr = 4.3). A single and double-faced superstrate MTM is placed upon the radiating patch for di erent purposes, such as enhancing the overall antenna performance, protecting the patch from environmental jeopardies, and generating a multiband resonance frequency. A single face superstrate triangle SRR unit was used to produce a dual-band frequency at 3.5 and 4.331 THz. The S11 of the dual-band structure is achieved to be −26.78 dB and −46.25 dB with a bandwidth of 400 GHz and 460 GHz, respectively. The double face superstrate MTM unit cell of the triangle SRR printed on the opposite face gives another resonant frequency, so, triple frequency bands of 2.32, 3.35, and 4.38 THz with a wide impedance bandwidth of 230, 520, and 610 GHz, were generated, respectively. The double-face superstrate MTM not only enhances the antenna performance but also generates another resonant frequency that could be used in the next 6G communications. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using two commercial 3D full-wave software, CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS, to validate the results.
{"title":"High-performance tri-band graphene plasmonic microstrip patch antenna using superstrate double-face metamaterial for THz communications","authors":"Sherif A. Khaleel, E. Hamad, M. B. Saleh","doi":"10.2478/jee-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently, graphene-patch antennas have been widely used in communication technology, especially in THz applications due to the extraordinary properties of graphene material. Herein, a graphene-based rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed on an FR4 substrate material (ɛr = 4.3). A single and double-faced superstrate MTM is placed upon the radiating patch for di erent purposes, such as enhancing the overall antenna performance, protecting the patch from environmental jeopardies, and generating a multiband resonance frequency. A single face superstrate triangle SRR unit was used to produce a dual-band frequency at 3.5 and 4.331 THz. The S11 of the dual-band structure is achieved to be −26.78 dB and −46.25 dB with a bandwidth of 400 GHz and 460 GHz, respectively. The double face superstrate MTM unit cell of the triangle SRR printed on the opposite face gives another resonant frequency, so, triple frequency bands of 2.32, 3.35, and 4.38 THz with a wide impedance bandwidth of 230, 520, and 610 GHz, were generated, respectively. The double-face superstrate MTM not only enhances the antenna performance but also generates another resonant frequency that could be used in the next 6G communications. The proposed antenna is designed and optimized using two commercial 3D full-wave software, CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS, to validate the results.","PeriodicalId":15661,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electrical Engineering-elektrotechnicky Casopis","volume":"73 1","pages":"226 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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