Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2046993
Valeria Imeneo, Rosa Romeo, A. De Bruno, A. Piscopo
Abstract In this work, optimized techniques of conventional, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction were applied for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from lemon by-products (Citrus limon L). Specifically, the effect of solvent, temperature, microwave power, time and their interaction on the extraction was investigated. Among the tested solvents, the hydroalcoholic mixture (ethanol:water, 50:50) was the optimal one for all extraction techniques: in particular assisted by ultrasounds at 70 °C for 30 minutes (total phenolic content: 6.93 mg GAE g−1, total flavonoids: 2.07 mg CE g−1, ABTS assay: 18.36 µM TE g−1). Also, the other techniques allowed to obtain valuable extracts, although with relative lower amounts. The analyses of individual phenols revealed hesperidin and eriocitrin as the main compounds (respectively about 1650 and 1150 mg kg−1) after ultrasound assisted and conventional extraction. Results of this work can be useful to valorize an industrial by-product by sustainable techniques for the high-added value substances recovery.
摘要采用常规、超声和微波辅助提取工艺对柠檬副产物(Citrus limon L)中抗氧化成分的提取进行了优化，考察了溶剂、温度、微波功率、时间及其相互作用对提取效果的影响。在所测试的溶剂中，水乙醇混合物(乙醇:水，50:50)是所有提取技术的最佳溶剂，特别是在超声辅助下，在70°C下提取30分钟(总酚含量:6.93 mg GAE g−1，总黄酮:2.07 mg CE g−1,ABTS含量:18.36µM TE g−1)。此外，其他技术也可以获得有价值的提取物，尽管含量相对较低。超声辅助提取和常规提取对各酚类物质的分析表明，橙皮苷和苦皮苷为主要化合物(分别约为1650和1150 mg kg - 1)。本研究结果可为利用可持续技术回收高附加值物质的工业副产品提供参考。
{"title":"Green-sustainable extraction techniques for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from “citrus Limon” by-products","authors":"Valeria Imeneo, Rosa Romeo, A. De Bruno, A. Piscopo","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2046993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2046993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, optimized techniques of conventional, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction were applied for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from lemon by-products (Citrus limon L). Specifically, the effect of solvent, temperature, microwave power, time and their interaction on the extraction was investigated. Among the tested solvents, the hydroalcoholic mixture (ethanol:water, 50:50) was the optimal one for all extraction techniques: in particular assisted by ultrasounds at 70 °C for 30 minutes (total phenolic content: 6.93 mg GAE g−1, total flavonoids: 2.07 mg CE g−1, ABTS assay: 18.36 µM TE g−1). Also, the other techniques allowed to obtain valuable extracts, although with relative lower amounts. The analyses of individual phenols revealed hesperidin and eriocitrin as the main compounds (respectively about 1650 and 1150 mg kg−1) after ultrasound assisted and conventional extraction. Results of this work can be useful to valorize an industrial by-product by sustainable techniques for the high-added value substances recovery.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"20 1","pages":"220 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87433469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2045841
W. Bragante, V. Sinhorin, M. M. Sugui, Ana Paula Simões da Cunha, Weslley Bressan Dos Santos, A. Sinhorin
Abstract We evaluated the biological effects of ingestion by gavage, for 28 days, of the pesticides cypermethrin (CP) and emamectin benzoate (EB) and their mixtures in female Swiss mice. The groups were Control (water); CP; EB and three distinct concentrations of CP and EB mixture expressed in mg/kg/day. The biological effects were analyzed in the complete blood count and plasma (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine); the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); reduced glutathione (GSH); catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and bone marrow cells obtained from the femur for the micronucleus (MN) test. In the heart, there was a reduction in GSH in the groups (0.5 + 0.67 and 2.5 + 3.37), although in the brain this effect appeared for the other groups, except EB. Brain TBARS increased in CP and in the group (2.5 + 3.37) and platelets increased in the group (12.5 + 16.87). Genotoxic/mutagenic effects, showing a consistent increase dose-dependent effect on micronucleus counting for in the female mice. After 28 days of treatment, we can observe that the pesticide mixtures promoted genotoxic damage and oxidative brain damage in female mice, which can damage the health of these animals and possibly their future offspring.
{"title":"In vivo mutagenic effects and oxidative stress parameters evaluation of cypermethrin and benzoate of emamectin and their mixtures in female mice","authors":"W. Bragante, V. Sinhorin, M. M. Sugui, Ana Paula Simões da Cunha, Weslley Bressan Dos Santos, A. Sinhorin","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2045841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2045841","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We evaluated the biological effects of ingestion by gavage, for 28 days, of the pesticides cypermethrin (CP) and emamectin benzoate (EB) and their mixtures in female Swiss mice. The groups were Control (water); CP; EB and three distinct concentrations of CP and EB mixture expressed in mg/kg/day. The biological effects were analyzed in the complete blood count and plasma (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine); the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); reduced glutathione (GSH); catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and bone marrow cells obtained from the femur for the micronucleus (MN) test. In the heart, there was a reduction in GSH in the groups (0.5 + 0.67 and 2.5 + 3.37), although in the brain this effect appeared for the other groups, except EB. Brain TBARS increased in CP and in the group (2.5 + 3.37) and platelets increased in the group (12.5 + 16.87). Genotoxic/mutagenic effects, showing a consistent increase dose-dependent effect on micronucleus counting for in the female mice. After 28 days of treatment, we can observe that the pesticide mixtures promoted genotoxic damage and oxidative brain damage in female mice, which can damage the health of these animals and possibly their future offspring.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"47 1","pages":"211 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90268569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2046994
J. Vondruška, J. Šíma, M. Kobera, Lukáš Rokos, M. Šeda, L. Svoboda
Abstract Edible medicinal wild-growing fungi Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, and Armillaria ostoyae were analyzed with regard to the contents of 21 elements in their fruiting bodies. The samples were collected from selected sites in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic. C. comatus concentrated Ag, Cd, Cu, Se, and Rb with bioconcentration factors of 12, 2.5, 2.3, 1.8, and 1.1, respectively. High contents (all values expressed in mg kg−1 dry matter) of Al (260), Ca (480), Cu (61), Fe (340), Mg (1400), and Zn (86) were determined for this species. F. velutipes was characterized with markedly high contents of Ca (360), Fe (110), Mg (1200), Mn (26), and Zn (98), respectively. A considerably high content of Ag (5.6) was revealed for A. ostoyae. High contents of Ca (150), Cu (28), Fe (190), Mg (1100), Mn (30), and Zn (40) were determined in fruiting bodies of this species as well. The data concerning the detrimental elements in fruiting bodies of studied fungi indicate no considerably negative effect on human health if they are consumed as a delicacy or used in alternative medicine.
{"title":"Detrimental and essential elements in fruiting bodies of wild-growing fungi Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, and Armillaria ostoyae","authors":"J. Vondruška, J. Šíma, M. Kobera, Lukáš Rokos, M. Šeda, L. Svoboda","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2046994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2046994","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Edible medicinal wild-growing fungi Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutipes, and Armillaria ostoyae were analyzed with regard to the contents of 21 elements in their fruiting bodies. The samples were collected from selected sites in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic. C. comatus concentrated Ag, Cd, Cu, Se, and Rb with bioconcentration factors of 12, 2.5, 2.3, 1.8, and 1.1, respectively. High contents (all values expressed in mg kg−1 dry matter) of Al (260), Ca (480), Cu (61), Fe (340), Mg (1400), and Zn (86) were determined for this species. F. velutipes was characterized with markedly high contents of Ca (360), Fe (110), Mg (1200), Mn (26), and Zn (98), respectively. A considerably high content of Ag (5.6) was revealed for A. ostoyae. High contents of Ca (150), Cu (28), Fe (190), Mg (1100), Mn (30), and Zn (40) were determined in fruiting bodies of this species as well. The data concerning the detrimental elements in fruiting bodies of studied fungi indicate no considerably negative effect on human health if they are consumed as a delicacy or used in alternative medicine.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"36 1","pages":"243 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2050126
Fernanda Salles Cunha Peres, F. A. Petter, A. Sinhorin, Larissa Borges de Lima, T. R. Tavanti, Onã da Silva Freddi, Ben Hur Marimon Júnior
Abstract This study evaluated the long-term effect of biochar application on the sorption and desorption of thiamethoxam in a Haplic Plinthosol. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with combination of doses of mineral fertilizer NPK (0 and 300 kg·ha−1 formula 05-25-15) and biochar (0, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1). Deformed soil samples were collected in the field from the 0-0.10 m layer of all plots to determine the sorption and desorption of the thiamethoxam insecticide in the soil; fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (AH) and humin (HUM) carbon contents; and total organic carbon. The Batch slurry method was used to evaluate sorption and desorption. The Freundlich isotherm adequately described thiamethoxam sorption in all treatments. The application of biochar increased the sorption (Kfs) and decreased the desorption (Kfd) of thiamethoxam. The sorption intensity (1/n) showed reduction characteristics as the soil concentration of thiamethoxam increased. Biochar has a sorption effect on the soil through covalent bonds and H-bonds with the insecticide molecules, thereby indirectly increasing the sorption potential in the chemical fractions of the organic matter of soil. The application of 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar significantly reduced thiamethoxam in the soil solution. Altogether, the present study reveals that biochar application in soil is a promising tool for mitigating the contaminant potential of thiamethoxam in subsurface waters.
摘要本研究评价了生物炭对噻虫嗪在Haplic Plinthosol中吸附和解吸的长期影响。试验采用随机区组设计，施用矿物肥NPK(配方05-25-15)和生物炭(配方0、16和32 Mg ha -1)。田间采集各样地0 ~ 0.10 m层变形土样，测定噻虫嗪类杀虫剂在土壤中的吸附和解吸;黄腐酸(FA)、腐植酸(AH)和腐植酸(HUM)碳含量;总有机碳。采用间歇浆液法对吸附和解吸进行了评价。Freundlich等温线充分描述了噻虫嗪在所有处理中的吸附。生物炭增加了噻虫嗪的吸附量，降低了其解吸量。随着土壤中噻虫嗪浓度的增加，吸附强度(1/n)呈降低特征。生物炭通过与杀虫剂分子的共价键和氢键对土壤产生吸附作用，从而间接增加了土壤有机质化学组分中的吸附势。施用32 Mg ha−1的生物炭显著降低了土壤溶液中的噻虫嗪。总之，本研究表明，生物炭在土壤中的应用是减轻地下水中噻虫嗪污染潜力的有前途的工具。
{"title":"Influence of biochar on the sorption and leaching of thiamethoxan in soil","authors":"Fernanda Salles Cunha Peres, F. A. Petter, A. Sinhorin, Larissa Borges de Lima, T. R. Tavanti, Onã da Silva Freddi, Ben Hur Marimon Júnior","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2050126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2050126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluated the long-term effect of biochar application on the sorption and desorption of thiamethoxam in a Haplic Plinthosol. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with combination of doses of mineral fertilizer NPK (0 and 300 kg·ha−1 formula 05-25-15) and biochar (0, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1). Deformed soil samples were collected in the field from the 0-0.10 m layer of all plots to determine the sorption and desorption of the thiamethoxam insecticide in the soil; fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (AH) and humin (HUM) carbon contents; and total organic carbon. The Batch slurry method was used to evaluate sorption and desorption. The Freundlich isotherm adequately described thiamethoxam sorption in all treatments. The application of biochar increased the sorption (Kfs) and decreased the desorption (Kfd) of thiamethoxam. The sorption intensity (1/n) showed reduction characteristics as the soil concentration of thiamethoxam increased. Biochar has a sorption effect on the soil through covalent bonds and H-bonds with the insecticide molecules, thereby indirectly increasing the sorption potential in the chemical fractions of the organic matter of soil. The application of 32 Mg ha−1 of biochar significantly reduced thiamethoxam in the soil solution. Altogether, the present study reveals that biochar application in soil is a promising tool for mitigating the contaminant potential of thiamethoxam in subsurface waters.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"38 1","pages":"153 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86782125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.2022946
Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima, Rafaela Luiza Dias da Cunha, L. de Brito-Gitirana
Abstract Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a common component of organic sunscreen widely used that can affect especially aquatic ecosystems health, including fish. To verify the biological effects of low concentrations of BP-3 on blood cells, one hundred and forty zebrafish (D. rerio) were used and then randomly divided into five groups: control group (water), solvent group (alcoholic water), and BP-3 group (BP-3 at 7 µg L−1, BP-3 at 70 µg L−1, and BP-3 at 700 µg L−1). The blood slices were stained with Panoptic stain and with Giemsa solution for the hematological analysis. During the exposure to BP-3, no behavioral changes were observed. Although no significant difference in total leukocytes occurred, an increase in neutrophils and a reduction of lymphocytes at the highest concentration on both 7th and 14th days were detected. The total and cytoplasmic area of erythrocytes on the 7th day at the highest concentration were reduced. In addition, alterations on the erythrocyte nuclear morphology in fish exposed to BP-3 were usually visualized, mainly when considered the occurrence of blebbed nucleus and micronucleus, indicating that BP-3 exhibits cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results indicate that BP-3 can interfere with the morphophysiology of aquatic organisms.
摘要二苯甲酮-3 (BP-3)是一种广泛使用的有机防晒霜，对包括鱼类在内的水生生态系统的健康影响尤为显著。为了验证低浓度BP-3对血细胞的生物学效应，我们使用140条斑马鱼(D. rerio)，然后随机分为五组:对照组(水)，溶剂组(酒精水)和BP-3组(BP-3 7µg L - 1, BP-3 70µg L - 1, BP-3 700µg L - 1)。采用Panoptic染色法和Giemsa溶液对血片进行血液学分析。在暴露于BP-3期间，没有观察到行为变化。虽然白细胞总数没有显著差异，但中性粒细胞增加，淋巴细胞减少，在第7天和第14天均达到最高浓度。高浓度处理第7天红细胞总数和胞浆面积减少。此外，暴露于BP-3的鱼红细胞核形态的改变通常是可视化的，主要是考虑到有泡核和微核的发生，这表明BP-3具有细胞毒性和诱变作用。结果表明，BP-3能够干扰水生生物的形态生理。
{"title":"Effect of benzophenone-3 on the blood cells of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Jeffesson de Oliveira-Lima, Rafaela Luiza Dias da Cunha, L. de Brito-Gitirana","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2021.2022946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2021.2022946","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a common component of organic sunscreen widely used that can affect especially aquatic ecosystems health, including fish. To verify the biological effects of low concentrations of BP-3 on blood cells, one hundred and forty zebrafish (D. rerio) were used and then randomly divided into five groups: control group (water), solvent group (alcoholic water), and BP-3 group (BP-3 at 7 µg L−1, BP-3 at 70 µg L−1, and BP-3 at 700 µg L−1). The blood slices were stained with Panoptic stain and with Giemsa solution for the hematological analysis. During the exposure to BP-3, no behavioral changes were observed. Although no significant difference in total leukocytes occurred, an increase in neutrophils and a reduction of lymphocytes at the highest concentration on both 7th and 14th days were detected. The total and cytoplasmic area of erythrocytes on the 7th day at the highest concentration were reduced. In addition, alterations on the erythrocyte nuclear morphology in fish exposed to BP-3 were usually visualized, mainly when considered the occurrence of blebbed nucleus and micronucleus, indicating that BP-3 exhibits cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results indicate that BP-3 can interfere with the morphophysiology of aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"26 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87351035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1678952
Marta B Ramalho, A. F. S. Durães, F. Silvério, Gevany P Pinho
Abstract Cresols are chemical contaminants derivative from phenol which can be found in sewage sludge. However, little attention has been given to monitoring these compounds in environmental matrices in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a simple method based on solid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification for determining three cresol isomers in sludge. The quantification of these compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a previous derivatization step. After a detailed study, the cresol recovery was higher than 91%, with relative standard deviation lower than 12% and a limit of quantification of 20 μg kg−1. Linearity was achieved between 10 and 90 μg L−1 (R2 > 0.98) with the standard solutions prepared in matrix extracts due to the trouble caused by the matrix effect. The proposed method was applied with success for monitoring cresols in sewage sludge samples coming from six different wastewater treatment plants. All samples showed contamination by cresols, mainly p-cresol with values between 32.3 and 516.9 μg kg−1. The majority of the analyzed samples showed a total sum of the isomers higher than the maximum residue limit established by Brazilian legislation (160 μg kg−1).
{"title":"Determination of three cresol isomers in sewage sludge by solid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"Marta B Ramalho, A. F. S. Durães, F. Silvério, Gevany P Pinho","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1678952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1678952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cresols are chemical contaminants derivative from phenol which can be found in sewage sludge. However, little attention has been given to monitoring these compounds in environmental matrices in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a simple method based on solid-liquid extraction with low temperature purification for determining three cresol isomers in sludge. The quantification of these compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a previous derivatization step. After a detailed study, the cresol recovery was higher than 91%, with relative standard deviation lower than 12% and a limit of quantification of 20 μg kg−1. Linearity was achieved between 10 and 90 μg L−1 (R2 > 0.98) with the standard solutions prepared in matrix extracts due to the trouble caused by the matrix effect. The proposed method was applied with success for monitoring cresols in sewage sludge samples coming from six different wastewater treatment plants. All samples showed contamination by cresols, mainly p-cresol with values between 32.3 and 516.9 μg kg−1. The majority of the analyzed samples showed a total sum of the isomers higher than the maximum residue limit established by Brazilian legislation (160 μg kg−1).","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"30 1","pages":"184 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82096636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1685813
J. S. Gueretz, Filipe A Da Silva, E. L. Simionatto, J. Férard, C. M. Radetski, C. A. Somensi
Abstract The Parati River contributes to the Babitonga Bay water complex, but the contents of the bay also influence the river during periods of inverted currents. In this study, the water quality along four stretches of the Parati River and Babitonga Bay was evaluated using chemical (physico-chemical and chromatographic analysis), microbiological (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) and ecotoxicological (Lumistox) methods to assess the reciprocal influence of the waters of this river-bay system. In addition, the most appropriate type of analysis for the monitoring of the estuarine region of the Parati River was identified. The results of six sampling campaigns showed that the type of contaminants and their levels varied temporally and spatially and thus the water quality also changed. Anthropogenic activity, such as banana cultivation and the release of sewage into the water system, is the primary cause of the contamination that affects the quality of the water in the Parati River estuary, which is a crucial ecological niche for the reproduction of various marine species. The ecotoxicity tests with Aliivibrio fischeri conducted to evaluate the water quality showed an integrative response, and the ecotoxicity data indicated that the Parati River does not have a significant influence on the water quality of Babitonga Bay.
{"title":"A multi-parametric study of the interaction between the Parati river and Babitonga Bay in terms of water quality","authors":"J. S. Gueretz, Filipe A Da Silva, E. L. Simionatto, J. Férard, C. M. Radetski, C. A. Somensi","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1685813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1685813","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Parati River contributes to the Babitonga Bay water complex, but the contents of the bay also influence the river during periods of inverted currents. In this study, the water quality along four stretches of the Parati River and Babitonga Bay was evaluated using chemical (physico-chemical and chromatographic analysis), microbiological (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) and ecotoxicological (Lumistox) methods to assess the reciprocal influence of the waters of this river-bay system. In addition, the most appropriate type of analysis for the monitoring of the estuarine region of the Parati River was identified. The results of six sampling campaigns showed that the type of contaminants and their levels varied temporally and spatially and thus the water quality also changed. Anthropogenic activity, such as banana cultivation and the release of sewage into the water system, is the primary cause of the contamination that affects the quality of the water in the Parati River estuary, which is a crucial ecological niche for the reproduction of various marine species. The ecotoxicity tests with Aliivibrio fischeri conducted to evaluate the water quality showed an integrative response, and the ecotoxicity data indicated that the Parati River does not have a significant influence on the water quality of Babitonga Bay.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"25 1","pages":"257 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89913844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1679563
Xinyan Guo, Lv Xiaojun, Ai-mei Zhang, Zheng Yan, Siyi Chen, Na Wang
Abstract The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958 μg L−1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.
{"title":"Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety","authors":"Xinyan Guo, Lv Xiaojun, Ai-mei Zhang, Zheng Yan, Siyi Chen, Na Wang","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1679563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1679563","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958 μg L−1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"1 1","pages":"193 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83511042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and enrofloxacin (ENFX), two of the most widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs), pose a great threat to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, the toxic mechanisms between the two FQs and trypsin were evaluated by means of multiple spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking. During the fluorescence investigations, both FQs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin effectively, which was due to the formation of moderately strong complexes (mainly through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds). The binding of two FQs not only caused the conformational and micro-environmental changes of trypsin, but also changed its molecular activity; shown by the UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and functional tests. The established methods in this work can help to comprehensively understand the transport of FQs in the human body.
{"title":"Characterization on the toxic mechanism of two fluoroquinolones to trypsin by spectroscopic and computational methods","authors":"Yanxiu Guo, Pengfei Qin, Chaoyun Wang, Xingren Pan, Xiaofei Dong, Wansong Zong","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1685317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1685317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and enrofloxacin (ENFX), two of the most widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs), pose a great threat to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, the toxic mechanisms between the two FQs and trypsin were evaluated by means of multiple spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking. During the fluorescence investigations, both FQs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin effectively, which was due to the formation of moderately strong complexes (mainly through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds). The binding of two FQs not only caused the conformational and micro-environmental changes of trypsin, but also changed its molecular activity; shown by the UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and functional tests. The established methods in this work can help to comprehensively understand the transport of FQs in the human body.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"34 13 1","pages":"230 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77235525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1681818
G. V. Buitimea-Cantúa, N. E. Buitimea‐Cantúa, María Del Refugio Rocha-Pizaña, E. Rosas-Burgos, A. Hernández-Morales, J. Molina-Torres
Abstract In the present study, ethanolic extract from Heliopsis longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol against Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxins production were studied in relation to the expression of aflD and aflR, two key genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract by GC-EIMS identified affinin/spilanthol (7.84 ± 0.27 mg g−1) as the most abundant compounds in H. longipes roots. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic assays showed that affinin/spilanthol at 300 µg mL−1 produced the higher inhibition of radial growth (95%), as well as, the higher aflatoxins production inhibition (61%) in comparison to H. longipes roots (87% and 48%, respectively). qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of aflD and aflR genes showed a higher downregulation in affinin/spilanthol at 300 µg mL−1. The expression ratio of alfD was suppressed by affinin/spilanthol in 79% and aflR in 84%, while, a lower expression ratio suppressed by H. longipes was obtained, alfD (55%) and aflR (59%). Affinin/spilanthol possesses higher antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity against A. parasiticus rather than H. longipes roots, and this anti-aflaxotigenic activity occurring via downregulation of the aflD and aflR genes. Thus, H. longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol can be considered potent antifungal agents against aflatoxigenic fungus, especially, affinin/spilanthol.
摘要本研究研究了向日葵根乙醇提取物和亲和素/施莲酚对寄生曲霉生长和黄曲霉毒素产生的影响，并对黄曲霉毒素合成途径中两个关键基因aflD和aflR的表达进行了研究。气相色谱- eims分析发现，亲和素/spilanthol(7.84±0.27 mg g−1)是龙柏根中含量最多的化合物。抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素实验表明，300µg mL - 1浓度的亲和素/spilanthol对黄曲霉毒素产生的抑制率(61%)和径向生长的抑制率(95%)均高于根(87%和48%)。qRT-PCR结果显示，在300µg mL−1浓度下，aflD和aflR基因的表达明显下调。affinin/spilanthol对alfD的抑制率为79%，对aflR的抑制率为84%，而H. longipes对alfD和aflR的抑制率较低，分别为55%和59%。亲和素/spilanthol对寄生蜂的抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素的活性高于对长叶红根的抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素的活性，这种抗黄曲霉毒素活性是通过下调aflD和aflR基因来实现的。因此，龙柏根和亲和素/施泼酚可以被认为是抗黄曲霉毒素真菌的有效药物，尤其是亲和素/施泼酚。
{"title":"Antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity of Heliopsis longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol against Aspergillus parasiticus by downregulating the expression of alfD and aflR genes of the aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway","authors":"G. V. Buitimea-Cantúa, N. E. Buitimea‐Cantúa, María Del Refugio Rocha-Pizaña, E. Rosas-Burgos, A. Hernández-Morales, J. Molina-Torres","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2019.1681818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2019.1681818","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, ethanolic extract from Heliopsis longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol against Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxins production were studied in relation to the expression of aflD and aflR, two key genes of aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract by GC-EIMS identified affinin/spilanthol (7.84 ± 0.27 mg g−1) as the most abundant compounds in H. longipes roots. The antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic assays showed that affinin/spilanthol at 300 µg mL−1 produced the higher inhibition of radial growth (95%), as well as, the higher aflatoxins production inhibition (61%) in comparison to H. longipes roots (87% and 48%, respectively). qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of aflD and aflR genes showed a higher downregulation in affinin/spilanthol at 300 µg mL−1. The expression ratio of alfD was suppressed by affinin/spilanthol in 79% and aflR in 84%, while, a lower expression ratio suppressed by H. longipes was obtained, alfD (55%) and aflR (59%). Affinin/spilanthol possesses higher antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity against A. parasiticus rather than H. longipes roots, and this anti-aflaxotigenic activity occurring via downregulation of the aflD and aflR genes. Thus, H. longipes roots and affinin/spilanthol can be considered potent antifungal agents against aflatoxigenic fungus, especially, affinin/spilanthol.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"8 1","pages":"210 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83659623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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