Abstract The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in swine wastewater may present a threat to the environment and public health. Conventional swine wastewater treatment processes generally fail to effectively reduce the content of ARGs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly efficient and low-cost treatment method to solve this environmental problem. In doing so, we evaluated the application of three common coagulants in the treatment of swine wastewater. Using metagenomics, we evaluated the removal efficiency of ARG loads, as well as the effect of coagulation on the structure and diversity of swine wastewater, and on the bacterial community. The results showed that the three coagulants could effectively reduce the physicochemical pollution indexes of swine wastewater (e.g., TP, NTU, COD). After treatment, the loads of a variety of antibiotics in the swine wastewater were significantly reduced, with the exception of NFX and SMD, which were all close to 100%. At the same time, in evaluating the total number of microbial colonies and the total number of fecal Escherichia coli bacteria under the three conditions, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) ranked first among the three coagulants with 89.18%, 93.07%, 89.92%, 98.76%, 99.60%, and 98.68%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of cfcC, tetX, mphE, msrE, tet36, and other ARGs in the water sample after the LST treatment was significantly lower than that of the original swine wastewater sample. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using coagulants to treat swine wastewater, which is of great significance for improving water quality and reducing the potential impacts of ARGs.
{"title":"Removal of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes from swine wastewater: a comparison between polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyaluminum sulfate (LST), and aluminum hydroxide iron (LT)","authors":"Yue Jian, Yuecheng He, Jiaming Zhu, Dingbiao Long, Qiong Tan, Wenlai Xu, Shihua Pu","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2058844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2058844","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in swine wastewater may present a threat to the environment and public health. Conventional swine wastewater treatment processes generally fail to effectively reduce the content of ARGs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly efficient and low-cost treatment method to solve this environmental problem. In doing so, we evaluated the application of three common coagulants in the treatment of swine wastewater. Using metagenomics, we evaluated the removal efficiency of ARG loads, as well as the effect of coagulation on the structure and diversity of swine wastewater, and on the bacterial community. The results showed that the three coagulants could effectively reduce the physicochemical pollution indexes of swine wastewater (e.g., TP, NTU, COD). After treatment, the loads of a variety of antibiotics in the swine wastewater were significantly reduced, with the exception of NFX and SMD, which were all close to 100%. At the same time, in evaluating the total number of microbial colonies and the total number of fecal Escherichia coli bacteria under the three conditions, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) ranked first among the three coagulants with 89.18%, 93.07%, 89.92%, 98.76%, 99.60%, and 98.68%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of cfcC, tetX, mphE, msrE, tet36, and other ARGs in the water sample after the LST treatment was significantly lower than that of the original swine wastewater sample. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using coagulants to treat swine wastewater, which is of great significance for improving water quality and reducing the potential impacts of ARGs.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"8 1","pages":"350 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89333423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047390
R. Patil, N. Chatterjee, Narayan Kamble, Apurva Nerpagar, Nagnath Langade, Chandrasekar Kandaswamy, S. Presley, K. Banerjee
Abstract The study uses gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to develop a reliable analytical approach for detecting multiclass pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in poultry meat and chicken eggs. The meat (2 g) and egg (4 g) samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile (10 mL) as part of the optimized sample preparation technique. The cleanup consisted of freezing an aliquot of the extract (5 mL) at −20 °C, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using 50 mg PSA + 100 mg C18+150 mg MgSO4. The matrix co-extractives were effectively removed and the method performance met the European Commission’s analytical quality control criteria (SANTE/12682/2019). The method was validated at two spiking levels (10 and 20 ng/g of 225 pesticides, 9 PAHs and 8 PCBs), and good recoveries (70–120%) and precision-RSDs (≤20%) were achieved for 90% of the targeted pesticide residues. For 80% of the compounds, the LOQs were ≤10 ng/g. The results of the intra-laboratory (involving six analysts) and inter-laboratory validation studies (involving eight ISO 17025 accredited laboratories) established satisfactory ruggedness and reproducibility. It created potential applications in commercial residue testing laboratories for regulatory compliance check purposes.
{"title":"Multiresidue analysis of pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry meat and chicken eggs by GC-MS/MS: method development and validation","authors":"R. Patil, N. Chatterjee, Narayan Kamble, Apurva Nerpagar, Nagnath Langade, Chandrasekar Kandaswamy, S. Presley, K. Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2047390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2047390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study uses gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to develop a reliable analytical approach for detecting multiclass pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in poultry meat and chicken eggs. The meat (2 g) and egg (4 g) samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile (10 mL) as part of the optimized sample preparation technique. The cleanup consisted of freezing an aliquot of the extract (5 mL) at −20 °C, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using 50 mg PSA + 100 mg C18+150 mg MgSO4. The matrix co-extractives were effectively removed and the method performance met the European Commission’s analytical quality control criteria (SANTE/12682/2019). The method was validated at two spiking levels (10 and 20 ng/g of 225 pesticides, 9 PAHs and 8 PCBs), and good recoveries (70–120%) and precision-RSDs (≤20%) were achieved for 90% of the targeted pesticide residues. For 80% of the compounds, the LOQs were ≤10 ng/g. The results of the intra-laboratory (involving six analysts) and inter-laboratory validation studies (involving eight ISO 17025 accredited laboratories) established satisfactory ruggedness and reproducibility. It created potential applications in commercial residue testing laboratories for regulatory compliance check purposes.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"80 1","pages":"263 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77793463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2056393
H. Wei, Guiquan Chen, Xiaoyun Yang
Abstract Field trials were conducted in Guangzhou, Nanning, and Nanjing in two consecutive years to evaluate the terminal residue levels and dissipation trend of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem. Analyses were carried out by high-performance-liquid-chromatography for pymetrozine and gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry for chlorpyrifos, achieved good linear relationship over range from 0.01 to 5.0 mg·kg−1 for both (r > 0.9998). Average recoveries were 86.0% to 106.0% for pymetrozine, and 79.7% to 102.3% for chlorpyrifos at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·kg−1. Half-lives of pymetrozine in paddy water, paddy soil and rice plant were 0.35–2.81, 2.69–6.95 and 1.22–3.70 days, while that of chlorpyrifos were 0.86–1.88, 3.09–6.86 and 0.58–2.84 days. Final residues of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in brown rice ranged from less than 0.6 to 26.0 μg·kg−1 and 14.3 to 191.6 μg·kg−1, respectively. It is recommended that 25% pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos suspension be sprayed twice at the intervals of 10 days with dosages ranging from 375 (maximum recommended dosage) to 562.5 g a.i.·ha−1 (1.5 times of the maximum recommended dosage). The rice can be harvested safely 15 days after the last application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos. The research results help ensures the safe application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem.
{"title":"Residues and degradation dynamics of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice field ecosystem","authors":"H. Wei, Guiquan Chen, Xiaoyun Yang","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2056393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2056393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Field trials were conducted in Guangzhou, Nanning, and Nanjing in two consecutive years to evaluate the terminal residue levels and dissipation trend of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem. Analyses were carried out by high-performance-liquid-chromatography for pymetrozine and gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry for chlorpyrifos, achieved good linear relationship over range from 0.01 to 5.0 mg·kg−1 for both (r > 0.9998). Average recoveries were 86.0% to 106.0% for pymetrozine, and 79.7% to 102.3% for chlorpyrifos at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg·kg−1. Half-lives of pymetrozine in paddy water, paddy soil and rice plant were 0.35–2.81, 2.69–6.95 and 1.22–3.70 days, while that of chlorpyrifos were 0.86–1.88, 3.09–6.86 and 0.58–2.84 days. Final residues of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in brown rice ranged from less than 0.6 to 26.0 μg·kg−1 and 14.3 to 191.6 μg·kg−1, respectively. It is recommended that 25% pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos suspension be sprayed twice at the intervals of 10 days with dosages ranging from 375 (maximum recommended dosage) to 562.5 g a.i.·ha−1 (1.5 times of the maximum recommended dosage). The rice can be harvested safely 15 days after the last application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos. The research results help ensures the safe application of pymetrozine and chlorpyrifos in rice ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"38 1","pages":"339 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2051401
Wenpeng Li, Zhi-guang Niu, Xiaohan Zhang, Kai Zhang, Susu Luo
Abstract Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may lead to bacterial resistance and using antibiotics will promote ARGs spread. Large amounts of antibiotics were used in aquaculture, but little attention was paid to the antibiotic resistant in fish gut. In this study, nine kinds of Chinese freshwater and marine fish were acquired in a city of northern China to test the amount of antibiotics and ARGs residues in their intestinal contents. The results showed that 4 kinds of antibiotics were detected from the intestinal contents, including Doxycycline (DOX), Tetracycline (TC), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Roxithromycin (ROX), and the antibiotics with the largest detected amount was ROX in Sardinops sagax (2.83 μg kg−1). Ten kinds of ARGs were detected from the intestinal contents, including strA, strB, ermB, bla TEM, oxa-30, qnrB, qnrD, sul1, sul2 and tetB, as well as one type of integron intI1. The most abundant ARGs were bla TEM. Correlation analysis showed huge difference between freshwater fish and marine fish. The results can improve our understanding of the antibiotics and ARGs residues in edible fish.
{"title":"Antibiotics and resistant genes in the gut of Chinese nine kinds of freshwater or marine fish","authors":"Wenpeng Li, Zhi-guang Niu, Xiaohan Zhang, Kai Zhang, Susu Luo","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2051401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2051401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may lead to bacterial resistance and using antibiotics will promote ARGs spread. Large amounts of antibiotics were used in aquaculture, but little attention was paid to the antibiotic resistant in fish gut. In this study, nine kinds of Chinese freshwater and marine fish were acquired in a city of northern China to test the amount of antibiotics and ARGs residues in their intestinal contents. The results showed that 4 kinds of antibiotics were detected from the intestinal contents, including Doxycycline (DOX), Tetracycline (TC), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Roxithromycin (ROX), and the antibiotics with the largest detected amount was ROX in Sardinops sagax (2.83 μg kg−1). Ten kinds of ARGs were detected from the intestinal contents, including strA, strB, ermB, bla TEM, oxa-30, qnrB, qnrD, sul1, sul2 and tetB, as well as one type of integron intI1. The most abundant ARGs were bla TEM. Correlation analysis showed huge difference between freshwater fish and marine fish. The results can improve our understanding of the antibiotics and ARGs residues in edible fish.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"48 1 1","pages":"316 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2051415
A. Duman, O. Tiryaki
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues on Sultana Seedless Grapes harvested at different times and consequently evaluate the risk. Analyses were performed with the Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Pesticide-free grapes were spiked at 3 levels. Chlorpyrifos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole detection limits were 20, 10 and 1 µg kg−1, respectively. These values were below maximum residue levels (MRL) of 1000, 80 and 500 µg kg−1, respectively. The overall recovery of the method was 108.60%. Present values were within acceptable recovery (60–140%) and repeatability (≤20%) ranges set by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE). The vineyards were sprayed 4 times. Grapes were harvested in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days from the last spray. The residues in the samples taken from 5 vine stock groups were determined. MRL-exceeding chlorpyrifos-methyl residue of 1140.09 µg kg−1 was detected in the 1st day. The MRL-exceeding lambda-cyhalothrin (381.15 and 307.39 µg kg−1) and tebuconazole residues (650.58 and 570.85 µg kg−1) were detected in the 1st and 3rd days, respectively. The residues of 7th and 14th day samples were significantly different from the others. Excessive pesticide concentrations did not pose any health risks on consumers.
摘要本研究旨在调查不同采收时期Sultana无核葡萄的农药残留情况，并对其风险进行评价。采用快速-简易-廉价-高效-坚固-安全(QuEChERS)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法进行分析。不含农药的葡萄被加了3个浓度的毒品剂。甲基毒死蜱、高效氯氟氰菊酯和苯唑唑的检出限分别为20、10和1µg kg−1。这些值分别低于1000,80和500µg kg - 1的最大残留水平(MRL)。方法的总回收率为108.60%。现值在卫生和食品安全总局(SANTE)规定的可接受回收率(60-140%)和可重复性(≤20%)范围内。葡萄园喷了4次。在最后一次喷雾后的第1、3、5、7和14天收获葡萄。测定了5组葡萄藤砧木样品中的残留量。第1天检测到甲基毒死蜱残留超mrl 1140.09µg kg - 1。在第1天和第3天分别检测到超mrl的高效氯氟氰菊酯(381.15和307.39µg kg - 1)和戊唑唑(650.58和570.85µg kg - 1)残留。第7天和第14天样品的残留量与其他样品有显著差异。农药浓度过高不会对消费者构成任何健康风险。
{"title":"Determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole residues in Sultana seedless grapes sprayed with pesticides under farmer’s conditions","authors":"A. Duman, O. Tiryaki","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2051415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2051415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues on Sultana Seedless Grapes harvested at different times and consequently evaluate the risk. Analyses were performed with the Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Pesticide-free grapes were spiked at 3 levels. Chlorpyrifos-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole detection limits were 20, 10 and 1 µg kg−1, respectively. These values were below maximum residue levels (MRL) of 1000, 80 and 500 µg kg−1, respectively. The overall recovery of the method was 108.60%. Present values were within acceptable recovery (60–140%) and repeatability (≤20%) ranges set by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE). The vineyards were sprayed 4 times. Grapes were harvested in the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days from the last spray. The residues in the samples taken from 5 vine stock groups were determined. MRL-exceeding chlorpyrifos-methyl residue of 1140.09 µg kg−1 was detected in the 1st day. The MRL-exceeding lambda-cyhalothrin (381.15 and 307.39 µg kg−1) and tebuconazole residues (650.58 and 570.85 µg kg−1) were detected in the 1st and 3rd days, respectively. The residues of 7th and 14th day samples were significantly different from the others. Excessive pesticide concentrations did not pose any health risks on consumers.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"18 1","pages":"325 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89931132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2049158
Xinyue Zhu, Lisen Chen, Tao Liu, Shengui He, Xin Zhao, Yinong Tian, Yanjun Fang, Jingnan Cui
Abstract A rapid test method for the determination of pesticide toxicity was established by using carboxylesterase (CES) and fluorescence probe ACE-NH based on the principle of enzyme inhibition, and this method was applied to detect the combined toxicity of 18 binary and 24 ternary pesticide combinations commonly used for fruits and vegetables to CES. The results show that chlorpyrifos + carbendazim, carbofuran + carbendazim, imidacloprid + carbendazim, imidacloprid + dimethomorph, dimethoate + dimethomorph, prochloraz + carbendazim and imidacloprid + acetamiprid + carbendazim had synergistic effects under three concentration gradients, it indicated that most binary combinations containing carbendazim or imidacloprid had synergistic effects. Based on structure-activity relationship between pesticides and CES, pesticides with phosphate ester bonds had great toxicity to CES, or though they have no toxicity to CES alone, they showed a strong synergistic effect when mixed with other pesticides. Pesticides with amide or ester bond had medium toxicity and little synergistic effect. Pesticides with urea, carbamate or nitrite nitrogen group had little or no toxicity, while there was a strong synergistic effect after mixing with other pesticides. The test method and results in this study can provide scientific basis for risk assessment of cumulative exposure to mixed pesticide residues.
{"title":"Detecting the combined toxicity of 18 binary and 24 ternary pesticide combinations to carboxylesterase based on fluorescence probe technology","authors":"Xinyue Zhu, Lisen Chen, Tao Liu, Shengui He, Xin Zhao, Yinong Tian, Yanjun Fang, Jingnan Cui","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2049158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2049158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A rapid test method for the determination of pesticide toxicity was established by using carboxylesterase (CES) and fluorescence probe ACE-NH based on the principle of enzyme inhibition, and this method was applied to detect the combined toxicity of 18 binary and 24 ternary pesticide combinations commonly used for fruits and vegetables to CES. The results show that chlorpyrifos + carbendazim, carbofuran + carbendazim, imidacloprid + carbendazim, imidacloprid + dimethomorph, dimethoate + dimethomorph, prochloraz + carbendazim and imidacloprid + acetamiprid + carbendazim had synergistic effects under three concentration gradients, it indicated that most binary combinations containing carbendazim or imidacloprid had synergistic effects. Based on structure-activity relationship between pesticides and CES, pesticides with phosphate ester bonds had great toxicity to CES, or though they have no toxicity to CES alone, they showed a strong synergistic effect when mixed with other pesticides. Pesticides with amide or ester bond had medium toxicity and little synergistic effect. Pesticides with urea, carbamate or nitrite nitrogen group had little or no toxicity, while there was a strong synergistic effect after mixing with other pesticides. The test method and results in this study can provide scientific basis for risk assessment of cumulative exposure to mixed pesticide residues.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"71 1","pages":"305 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85807932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2049152
Celia Choquenaira-Quispe, Sheyla J Angulo Vargas, Karen Rojas-Tamata, Harry R. Yucra Condori, José A Villanueva Salas
Abstract In Peru, rice grains, wheat, and their processed products are accessible due to their low cost; however, their sale does not have quality certification, so their safety is not guaranteed. This study quantified lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by voltammetry in 16 samples of grains and processed products from four markets in Arequipa (Altiplano, Andrés Avelino Cáceres, Los Incas, and San Camilo) and evaluated their potential health risk. The maximum concentrations of Pb in rice, wheat, and their processed products were 4.821 mg/kg, 7.962 mg/kg, 4.717 mg/kg, and 6.440 mg/kg, respectively; only seven samples showed Cd. All samples exceeded the maximum level (ML) for Pb, and four samples exceeded the ML for Cd established by the Codex Alimentarius (0.200 mg/kg); the rice product had the highest concentration of Pb and Cd. In relation to the estimation of potential health risk, the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TR), showed that the consumption of all processed rice and wheat products (except Andrés Avelino Cáceres rice and San Camilo wheat) represent a health threat associated with an increased probability of cancer development.
{"title":"Quantification and health risk assessment of lead and cadmium in wheat, rice, and their processed products from Peru","authors":"Celia Choquenaira-Quispe, Sheyla J Angulo Vargas, Karen Rojas-Tamata, Harry R. Yucra Condori, José A Villanueva Salas","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2049152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2049152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Peru, rice grains, wheat, and their processed products are accessible due to their low cost; however, their sale does not have quality certification, so their safety is not guaranteed. This study quantified lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by voltammetry in 16 samples of grains and processed products from four markets in Arequipa (Altiplano, Andrés Avelino Cáceres, Los Incas, and San Camilo) and evaluated their potential health risk. The maximum concentrations of Pb in rice, wheat, and their processed products were 4.821 mg/kg, 7.962 mg/kg, 4.717 mg/kg, and 6.440 mg/kg, respectively; only seven samples showed Cd. All samples exceeded the maximum level (ML) for Pb, and four samples exceeded the ML for Cd established by the Codex Alimentarius (0.200 mg/kg); the rice product had the highest concentration of Pb and Cd. In relation to the estimation of potential health risk, the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and target cancer risk (TR), showed that the consumption of all processed rice and wheat products (except Andrés Avelino Cáceres rice and San Camilo wheat) represent a health threat associated with an increased probability of cancer development.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"71 1","pages":"297 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047389
Ana Maria Barbosa-Medina, E. Maciel, Dayana M. dos Santos, F. Lanças, E. M. Vieira
Abstract A miniaturized QuEChERS extraction method followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to analyze thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in 0.3 g of lyophilized Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The work aimed to estimate honey bees' exposure to pesticides at the nanogram/gram (ng g−1) levels, using small sample and reagent quantities. Low amounts of solvents and salts were employed – 15× less than used in traditional methods. Average recoveries ranged from 64.5% to 99.7%, with repeatability below 20% for samples spiked at 3 and 167 ng g−1. LOD and LOQ were 0.7, and 3 ng g−1 for both pesticides. Applying the proposed approach, honey bee samples from different apiaries from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) were analyzed. The pesticides were detected in concentrations between 7.0 and 27.0 ng g−1. Thus, the proposed method can be used as a greener alternative to analyze the two neonicotinoids at trace levels in small quantities of bees, consequently saving chemicals and waste.
摘要建立了小型化QuEChERS萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(UHPLC-MS/MS)方法，对0.3 g非洲蜜蜂冻干标本中噻虫嗪和吡虫啉进行分析。这项工作旨在使用小样本和试剂量来估计蜜蜂在纳克/克(ng g - 1)水平上暴露于杀虫剂的情况。溶剂和盐用量少，比传统方法少15倍。平均加样回收率为64.5% ~ 99.7%，加样浓度为3和167 ng g−1时，重复性低于20%。两种农药的LOD和LOQ分别为0.7和3 ng g−1。应用所提出的方法，分析了来自圣保罗州(巴西)不同蜂房的蜜蜂样本。检测到的农药浓度在7.0 ~ 27.0 ng g−1之间。因此，所提出的方法可以作为一种更环保的替代方法，用于分析少量蜜蜂体内痕量的两种新烟碱，从而节省化学品和废物。
{"title":"Neonicotinoids exposure assessment in Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) by using an environmentally-friendly sample preparation technique followed by UPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Ana Maria Barbosa-Medina, E. Maciel, Dayana M. dos Santos, F. Lanças, E. M. Vieira","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2047389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2047389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A miniaturized QuEChERS extraction method followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to analyze thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in 0.3 g of lyophilized Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The work aimed to estimate honey bees' exposure to pesticides at the nanogram/gram (ng g−1) levels, using small sample and reagent quantities. Low amounts of solvents and salts were employed – 15× less than used in traditional methods. Average recoveries ranged from 64.5% to 99.7%, with repeatability below 20% for samples spiked at 3 and 167 ng g−1. LOD and LOQ were 0.7, and 3 ng g−1 for both pesticides. Applying the proposed approach, honey bee samples from different apiaries from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) were analyzed. The pesticides were detected in concentrations between 7.0 and 27.0 ng g−1. Thus, the proposed method can be used as a greener alternative to analyze the two neonicotinoids at trace levels in small quantities of bees, consequently saving chemicals and waste.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"1 1","pages":"252 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90518927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047563
M. Lv, Yangyang Xie, Hui Yu, Tao Sun, Liping Song, Fenghua Wang
Abstract Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic compounds that exhibit ecotoxicity when discharged into the environment, causing increasing concern. An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and PFSAs on soil respiration, sucrase activity, and urease activity at 0, 7, 14, and 28 d for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA), and at 14 and 28 d for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorobutyric sulfonic acid (PFBS). PFCAs significantly inhibited soil respiration, with a significant negative correlation between respiration and PFBA (P < 0.05) at 28 d. Sucrase activities were initially inhibited by PFCAs, and then recovered. Urease activities were inhibited by PFOA at 14 d and by PFHxA at 14 and 28 d, but not by PFBA. PFOS and PFBS briefly enhanced soil respiration. PFOS inhibited sucrase activity. PFSAs significantly decreased urease activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The chain-length dependence of the ecotoxicity of PFASs varied depending on concentration and time. Toxicity demonstrated a trend of initial decrease followed by increase with carbon chain length. Our results first revealed that the chain-length dependences of PFASs were also related to concentrations and exposure time.
{"title":"Effects of perfluoroalkyl substances on soil respiration and enzymatic activity: differences in carbon chain-length dependence","authors":"M. Lv, Yangyang Xie, Hui Yu, Tao Sun, Liping Song, Fenghua Wang","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2047563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2047563","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic compounds that exhibit ecotoxicity when discharged into the environment, causing increasing concern. An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and PFSAs on soil respiration, sucrase activity, and urease activity at 0, 7, 14, and 28 d for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA), and at 14 and 28 d for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorobutyric sulfonic acid (PFBS). PFCAs significantly inhibited soil respiration, with a significant negative correlation between respiration and PFBA (P < 0.05) at 28 d. Sucrase activities were initially inhibited by PFCAs, and then recovered. Urease activities were inhibited by PFOA at 14 d and by PFHxA at 14 and 28 d, but not by PFBA. PFOS and PFBS briefly enhanced soil respiration. PFOS inhibited sucrase activity. PFSAs significantly decreased urease activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The chain-length dependence of the ecotoxicity of PFASs varied depending on concentration and time. Toxicity demonstrated a trend of initial decrease followed by increase with carbon chain length. Our results first revealed that the chain-length dependences of PFASs were also related to concentrations and exposure time.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"21 1","pages":"284 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84918487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047572
D. Chand, T. Banerjee, Neera Singh, S. Singh
Abstract Effect of biotic and abiotic factors of soil on persistence and transformation of flucetosulfuron was studied in three soils from paddy growing zones of India. Herbicide residues in three soils dissipated with half-life ranging from 1.41 to 8.38 and 0.58 to 1.14 days under sterile and non-sterile conditions, respectively. Acidic pH and soil microbial activity contributed more toward the degradation of flucetosulfuron in soil. Under flooded soils, dissipation was bit slower than under field capacity moisture level. Five transformation products were identified with LC-MS/MS analysis. Ester hydrolysis and sulfonyl urea bridge cleavage seems to be the major transformation pathways for flucetosulfuron in soil.
{"title":"Persistence and transformation of flucetosulfuron herbicide in soil as affected by biotic and abiotic factors","authors":"D. Chand, T. Banerjee, Neera Singh, S. Singh","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2022.2047572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2022.2047572","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effect of biotic and abiotic factors of soil on persistence and transformation of flucetosulfuron was studied in three soils from paddy growing zones of India. Herbicide residues in three soils dissipated with half-life ranging from 1.41 to 8.38 and 0.58 to 1.14 days under sterile and non-sterile conditions, respectively. Acidic pH and soil microbial activity contributed more toward the degradation of flucetosulfuron in soil. Under flooded soils, dissipation was bit slower than under field capacity moisture level. Five transformation products were identified with LC-MS/MS analysis. Ester hydrolysis and sulfonyl urea bridge cleavage seems to be the major transformation pathways for flucetosulfuron in soil.","PeriodicalId":15670,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B","volume":"7 1","pages":"233 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87647376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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