S. Pitts, Wen Jiang, D. Pizzocri, E. Barker, H. Zbib
{"title":"A Continuum Dislocation Dynamics Crystal Plasticity Approach to Irradiated BCC α-Iron","authors":"S. Pitts, Wen Jiang, D. Pizzocri, E. Barker, H. Zbib","doi":"10.1115/1.4052256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76623933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Internal State Variable Elastoviscoplasticity-Damage Model for Irradiated Metals","authors":"Heechen Cho, H. Zbib, M. Horstemeyer","doi":"10.1115/1.4052238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77848381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A number of new trends in material mechanics and engineering science can be traced back to the PhD work of Hussein Zbib at Michigan Technological University. In particular, the topics of shear bands and plastic instabilities found a new basis and direction, prompting distinguished researchers – of the caliber of Coleman, Batra, Fleck and Hutchinson, Estrin and Kubin, Muhlhaus and Vardoulakis, Tomita and de Borst, Zaiser and Hahner (to mention a few that he interacted with as a graduate student), as well as of Belytschko, Steinmann, Voyiadjis, Polizzotto, and more recently of K. Aifantis/J. Willis and M. Gurtin/L. Anand – to turn their attention to gradient plasticity and make their own monumental contributions in this field. This article first provides a brief account of the initial attempts, I had the joy to share with him, on gradient mechanics theory and its implications to the problems of strain localization and size effects. It then continues with a brief exposition of topics that his “scientific family” has taken up in parallel with him or later on. Finally, it concludes with a sketch of ideas I discussed with him during his post-doctoral period at Michigan Tech (MTU) and his tenure period as a faculty member and Chairman at Washington State (WSU) which, unfortunately, he did not have the time to elaborate upon.
{"title":"Material Mechanics & Hussein Zbib: A Tribute to His Memory","authors":"E. Aifantis","doi":"10.1115/1.4052169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A number of new trends in material mechanics and engineering science can be traced back to the PhD work of Hussein Zbib at Michigan Technological University. In particular, the topics of shear bands and plastic instabilities found a new basis and direction, prompting distinguished researchers – of the caliber of Coleman, Batra, Fleck and Hutchinson, Estrin and Kubin, Muhlhaus and Vardoulakis, Tomita and de Borst, Zaiser and Hahner (to mention a few that he interacted with as a graduate student), as well as of Belytschko, Steinmann, Voyiadjis, Polizzotto, and more recently of K. Aifantis/J. Willis and M. Gurtin/L. Anand – to turn their attention to gradient plasticity and make their own monumental contributions in this field. This article first provides a brief account of the initial attempts, I had the joy to share with him, on gradient mechanics theory and its implications to the problems of strain localization and size effects. It then continues with a brief exposition of topics that his “scientific family” has taken up in parallel with him or later on. Finally, it concludes with a sketch of ideas I discussed with him during his post-doctoral period at Michigan Tech (MTU) and his tenure period as a faculty member and Chairman at Washington State (WSU) which, unfortunately, he did not have the time to elaborate upon.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Anderson, Vignesh Vivekanandan, Peng Lin, K. Starkey, Yash Pachaury, A. El-Azab
For the past century, dislocations have been understood to be the carriers of plastic deformation in crystalline solids. However, their collective behavior is still poorly understood. Progress in understanding the collective behavior of dislocations has primarily come in one of two modes: the simulation of systems of interacting discrete dislocations and the treatment of density measures of varying complexity that are considered as continuum fields. A summary of contemporary models of continuum dislocation dynamics is presented. These include, in order of complexity, the two-dimensional statistical theory of dislocations, the field dislocation mechanics treating the total Kröner–Nye tensor, vector density approaches that treat geometrically necessary dislocations on each slip system of a crystal, and high-order theories that examine the effect of dislocation curvature and distribution over orientation. Each of theories contain common themes, including statistical closure of the kinetic dislocation transport equations and treatment of dislocation reactions such as junction formation. An emphasis is placed on how these common themes rely on closure relations obtained by analysis of discrete dislocation dynamics experiments. The outlook of these various continuum theories of dislocation motion is then discussed.
{"title":"Situating the Vector Density Approach Among Contemporary Continuum Theories of Dislocation Dynamics","authors":"J. Anderson, Vignesh Vivekanandan, Peng Lin, K. Starkey, Yash Pachaury, A. El-Azab","doi":"10.1115/1.4052066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4052066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For the past century, dislocations have been understood to be the carriers of plastic deformation in crystalline solids. However, their collective behavior is still poorly understood. Progress in understanding the collective behavior of dislocations has primarily come in one of two modes: the simulation of systems of interacting discrete dislocations and the treatment of density measures of varying complexity that are considered as continuum fields. A summary of contemporary models of continuum dislocation dynamics is presented. These include, in order of complexity, the two-dimensional statistical theory of dislocations, the field dislocation mechanics treating the total Kröner–Nye tensor, vector density approaches that treat geometrically necessary dislocations on each slip system of a crystal, and high-order theories that examine the effect of dislocation curvature and distribution over orientation. Each of theories contain common themes, including statistical closure of the kinetic dislocation transport equations and treatment of dislocation reactions such as junction formation. An emphasis is placed on how these common themes rely on closure relations obtained by analysis of discrete dislocation dynamics experiments. The outlook of these various continuum theories of dislocation motion is then discussed.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46543873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austenitic stainless steel is a widely used engineering material in industry and daily life due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The construction of superhydrophobic structure on stainless steel can endow it with special wetting properties and open up new paths for its application. In this study, stainless steel plate was first etched in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a low concentration of 40 wt%, and a micro-nano structure was obtained in a short time of 2 h. The surface was then modified in myristic acid to achieve superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic structure on the steel showed a high contact angle (CA) of 166 deg, excellent self-cleaning performance, and greatly improved corrosion resistance compared with the original counterpart. Meanwhile, its wear durability was evaluated by sandpaper abrasion test and the superhydrophobic structure maintained its property after moving 125 cm on the 1000-grit sandpaper under a pressure of 3.2 kPa.
{"title":"The Construction of Superhydrophobic Structure on Stainless Steel by an Optimized Chemical Etching Technics","authors":"Huixiang Hu, X. Hong, Yan Gao","doi":"10.1115/1.4051575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051575","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Austenitic stainless steel is a widely used engineering material in industry and daily life due to its excellent corrosion resistance. The construction of superhydrophobic structure on stainless steel can endow it with special wetting properties and open up new paths for its application. In this study, stainless steel plate was first etched in a hydrofluoric acid solution with a low concentration of 40 wt%, and a micro-nano structure was obtained in a short time of 2 h. The surface was then modified in myristic acid to achieve superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic structure on the steel showed a high contact angle (CA) of 166 deg, excellent self-cleaning performance, and greatly improved corrosion resistance compared with the original counterpart. Meanwhile, its wear durability was evaluated by sandpaper abrasion test and the superhydrophobic structure maintained its property after moving 125 cm on the 1000-grit sandpaper under a pressure of 3.2 kPa.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A crystalline dislocation-density formulation that was incorporated with a nonlinear finite-element (FE) method was utilized to understand and to predict the thermomechanical behavior of an hexagonal closest packed (h.c.p.) zircaloy system with hydrides with either face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) or body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) hydrides. This formulation was then used with a recently developed fracture methodology that is adapted for finite inelastic strains and multiphase crystalline systems to understand how different microstructurally based fracture modes nucleate and propagate. The interrelated microstructural characteristics of the different crystalline hydride and matrix phases with the necessary orientation relationships (ORs) have been represented, such that a detailed physical understanding of fracture nucleation and propagation can be predicted for the simultaneous thermomechanical failure modes of hydride populations and the matrix. The effects of volume fraction, morphology, crystalline structure, and orientation and distribution of the hydrides on simultaneous and multiple fracture modes were investigated for radial, circumferential, and mixed distributions. Another key aspect was accounting for temperatures changes due to the effects of thermal conduction and dissipated plastic work and their collective effects on fracture. For hydrided aggregates subjected to high temperatures, thermal softening resulted in higher ductility due to increased dislocation-density activity, which led to higher shear strain accumulation and inhibited crack nucleation and growth. The predictions provide validated insights into why circumferential hydrides are more fracture-resistant than radial hydrides for different volume fractions and thermomechanical loading conditions.
{"title":"Thermomechanical Microstructural Predictions of Fracture Nucleation of Zircaloy-4 Alloys With δ and ɛ Hydride Distributions","authors":"I. Mohamed, T. Hasan, M. Zikry","doi":"10.1115/1.4051687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051687","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A crystalline dislocation-density formulation that was incorporated with a nonlinear finite-element (FE) method was utilized to understand and to predict the thermomechanical behavior of an hexagonal closest packed (h.c.p.) zircaloy system with hydrides with either face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) or body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) hydrides. This formulation was then used with a recently developed fracture methodology that is adapted for finite inelastic strains and multiphase crystalline systems to understand how different microstructurally based fracture modes nucleate and propagate. The interrelated microstructural characteristics of the different crystalline hydride and matrix phases with the necessary orientation relationships (ORs) have been represented, such that a detailed physical understanding of fracture nucleation and propagation can be predicted for the simultaneous thermomechanical failure modes of hydride populations and the matrix. The effects of volume fraction, morphology, crystalline structure, and orientation and distribution of the hydrides on simultaneous and multiple fracture modes were investigated for radial, circumferential, and mixed distributions. Another key aspect was accounting for temperatures changes due to the effects of thermal conduction and dissipated plastic work and their collective effects on fracture. For hydrided aggregates subjected to high temperatures, thermal softening resulted in higher ductility due to increased dislocation-density activity, which led to higher shear strain accumulation and inhibited crack nucleation and growth. The predictions provide validated insights into why circumferential hydrides are more fracture-resistant than radial hydrides for different volume fractions and thermomechanical loading conditions.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48068737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The kinetics of reversed austenite formation in 301 stainless steel and its effect on the deformation of an automobile front bumper beam are studied by using modelling approaches at different length scales. The diffusion-controlled reversed austenite formation is studied by using the JMAK model, based on the experimental data. The model can be used to predict the volume fraction of reversed austenite in a temperature range of 650 – 750 ◦C. A 3D elastoplastic phase-field model is used to study the diffusionless shear-type reversed austenite formation in 301 steel at 760 ◦C. The phase-field simulations show that reversion initiates at martensite lath boundaries and proceeds inwards of laths due to the high driving force at such high temperature. The effect of reversed austenite (RA) and martensite on the deformation of a bumper beam subjected to front and side impacts is studied by using finite element (FE) analysis. The FE simulations show that the presence of reversed austenite and martensite increased the critical speed at which the beam yielded and ∗Corresponding Author. E-mail: hemanth.yeddu@ncl.ac.uk Accepted for publication in Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology on 2 February 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050134 failed. RA fraction also affects the performance of the bumper beam.
{"title":"Modeling of Reversed Austenite Formation and Its Effect on Performance of Stainless Steel Components","authors":"Sadie Louise Green, Hemantha Kumar Yeddu","doi":"10.1115/1.4050134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050134","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of reversed austenite formation in 301 stainless steel and its effect on the deformation of an automobile front bumper beam are studied by using modelling approaches at different length scales. The diffusion-controlled reversed austenite formation is studied by using the JMAK model, based on the experimental data. The model can be used to predict the volume fraction of reversed austenite in a temperature range of 650 – 750 ◦C. A 3D elastoplastic phase-field model is used to study the diffusionless shear-type reversed austenite formation in 301 steel at 760 ◦C. The phase-field simulations show that reversion initiates at martensite lath boundaries and proceeds inwards of laths due to the high driving force at such high temperature. The effect of reversed austenite (RA) and martensite on the deformation of a bumper beam subjected to front and side impacts is studied by using finite element (FE) analysis. The FE simulations show that the presence of reversed austenite and martensite increased the critical speed at which the beam yielded and ∗Corresponding Author. E-mail: hemanth.yeddu@ncl.ac.uk Accepted for publication in Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology on 2 February 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050134 failed. RA fraction also affects the performance of the bumper beam.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Wu, Yong Wang, T. Han, Hongtao Wang, Laihui Han, Liangliang Bao
The tensile tests of body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe nanowires were simulated through molecular dynamics methods. The temperature and strain rate effects on the mechanical properties as well as the orientation-dependent plastic deformation mechanism were analyzed. For [001]-oriented BCC Fe nanowires, as the temperature increased, the yield stress and Young’s modulus decreased. While the yield stress and Young’s modulus increased as the strain rate increased. With the increase in temperature, when the temperature was less than 400 K, the twin propagation stress decreased dramatically, and then tended to reach a saturation value at higher temperatures. Under different temperatures and strain rates, the [001]-oriented Fe nanowires all deformed by twinning. The oscillation stage in the stress–strain curve corresponds to the process from the nucleation of the twin to the reorientation of the nanowire. For [110]-oriented Fe nanowires, the plastic deformation is dominated by dislocation slip. The independent events such as the nucleation, slip, and annihilation of dislocations are the causes of the unsteady fluctuations in the stress–strain curve. The Fe nanowires eventually undergo shear damage along the dominant slip surface.
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effect of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Plastic Deformation of Body-Centered Cubic Iron Nanowires","authors":"Qian Wu, Yong Wang, T. Han, Hongtao Wang, Laihui Han, Liangliang Bao","doi":"10.1115/1.4050430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050430","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The tensile tests of body-centered cubic (BCC) Fe nanowires were simulated through molecular dynamics methods. The temperature and strain rate effects on the mechanical properties as well as the orientation-dependent plastic deformation mechanism were analyzed. For [001]-oriented BCC Fe nanowires, as the temperature increased, the yield stress and Young’s modulus decreased. While the yield stress and Young’s modulus increased as the strain rate increased. With the increase in temperature, when the temperature was less than 400 K, the twin propagation stress decreased dramatically, and then tended to reach a saturation value at higher temperatures. Under different temperatures and strain rates, the [001]-oriented Fe nanowires all deformed by twinning. The oscillation stage in the stress–strain curve corresponds to the process from the nucleation of the twin to the reorientation of the nanowire. For [110]-oriented Fe nanowires, the plastic deformation is dominated by dislocation slip. The independent events such as the nucleation, slip, and annihilation of dislocations are the causes of the unsteady fluctuations in the stress–strain curve. The Fe nanowires eventually undergo shear damage along the dominant slip surface.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75394005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to Plastics Engineering","authors":"H. Tippur","doi":"10.1016/c2014-0-03688-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-03688-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41868480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moataz Elsisy, Evan Poska, Moataz Abdulhafez, M. Bedewy
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the dynamics and direction of self-folding of pre-strained polystyrene (PSPS) and non-pre-strained styrene (NPS), which results from local shrinkage using a new process of directed self-folding of polymer sheets based on a resistively heated ribbon that is in contact with the sheets. A temperature gradient across the thickness of this shape memory polymer (SMP) sheet induces folding along the line of contact with the heating ribbon. Varying the electric current changes the degree of folding and the extent of local material flow. This method can be used to create practical three-dimensional (3D) structures. Sheets of PSPS and NPS were cut to 10 × 20 mm samples, and their folding angles were plotted with respect to time, as obtained from in situ videography. In addition, the use of polyimide tape (Kapton) was investigated for controlling the direction of self-folding. Results show that folding happens on the opposite side of the sample with respect to the tape, regardless of which side the heating ribbon is on, or whether gravity is opposing the folding direction. The results are quantitatively explained using a viscoelastic finite element model capable of describing bidirectional folds arising from the interplay between viscoelastic relaxation and strain mismatch between polystyrene and polyimide. Given the tunability of fold times and the extent of local material flow, resistive-heat-assisted folding is a promising approach for manufacturing complex 3D lightweight structures by origami engineering.
{"title":"Current-Dependent Dynamics of Bidirectional Self-Folding for Multi-Layer Polymers Using Local Resistive Heating","authors":"Moataz Elsisy, Evan Poska, Moataz Abdulhafez, M. Bedewy","doi":"10.1115/1.4049588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4049588","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper is to characterize the dynamics and direction of self-folding of pre-strained polystyrene (PSPS) and non-pre-strained styrene (NPS), which results from local shrinkage using a new process of directed self-folding of polymer sheets based on a resistively heated ribbon that is in contact with the sheets. A temperature gradient across the thickness of this shape memory polymer (SMP) sheet induces folding along the line of contact with the heating ribbon. Varying the electric current changes the degree of folding and the extent of local material flow. This method can be used to create practical three-dimensional (3D) structures. Sheets of PSPS and NPS were cut to 10 × 20 mm samples, and their folding angles were plotted with respect to time, as obtained from in situ videography. In addition, the use of polyimide tape (Kapton) was investigated for controlling the direction of self-folding. Results show that folding happens on the opposite side of the sample with respect to the tape, regardless of which side the heating ribbon is on, or whether gravity is opposing the folding direction. The results are quantitatively explained using a viscoelastic finite element model capable of describing bidirectional folds arising from the interplay between viscoelastic relaxation and strain mismatch between polystyrene and polyimide. Given the tunability of fold times and the extent of local material flow, resistive-heat-assisted folding is a promising approach for manufacturing complex 3D lightweight structures by origami engineering.","PeriodicalId":15700,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology-transactions of The Asme","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89928439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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