Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.12
Sarah K. Ugla, M. Ismael
One of the most essential components of asphalt pavements is the filler. It serves two purposes. First, this fine-grained material (diameter less than 0.075 mm) improves the cohesiveness of aggregate with bitumen. Second, produce a dense mixture by filling the voids between the particles. Aluminum dross (AD), which is a by-product of aluminum re-melting, is formed all over the world. This material causes damage to humans and the environment; stockpiling AD in landfills is not the best solution. This research studies the possibility of replacing part of the conventional filler with aluminum dross. Three percent of dross was used, 10, 20, and 30% by filler weight. The MarshallMix design method was adopted to obtain the optimum asphalt content for the selected aggregate gradation. After that, the mixture was used to evaluate the moisture damage for controlandimproved mixtures. The compressive strength and tensile strength tests were used to estimate the moisture damage to the asphalt mixtures. It was observed that replacing a part of the limestone dust filler with aluminum dross would improve moisture damage resistance. This was approved since the maximum increase in tensile strength ratio (TSR)was found to be 13.42% at 20% of AD, and the maximum increase in the index of retained strength (IRS)was found to be 8.73% at the same AD percent.
沥青路面最基本的组成部分之一就是填料。它有两个作用。首先，这种细粒材料（直径小于 0.075 毫米）可以提高集料与沥青的粘合度。其次，通过填充颗粒之间的空隙产生致密的混合物。铝渣（AD）是铝再熔化过程中产生的副产品，在世界各地都有产生。这种材料会对人类和环境造成危害；将铝渣堆放在垃圾填埋场并非最佳解决方案。本研究探讨了用铝渣替代部分传统填料的可能性。使用了三个百分比的铝渣，分别为填料重量的 10%、20% 和 30%。采用马歇尔混合料设计方法，以获得所选集料级配的最佳沥青含量。然后，用该混合物来评估对照和改进混合物的水分破坏情况。抗压强度和拉伸强度测试用于估算沥青混合料的湿害。据观察，用铝渣替代部分石灰石粉填料可提高抗湿损性能。这一点得到了证实，因为在 AD 值为 20% 时，拉伸强度比 (TSR) 的最大增幅为 13.42%，而在相同的 AD 值时，留存强度指数 (IRS) 的最大增幅为 8.73%。
{"title":"Evaluating the Moisture Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Aluminum Dross as a Filler","authors":"Sarah K. Ugla, M. Ismael","doi":"10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most essential components of asphalt pavements is the filler. It serves two purposes. First, this fine-grained material (diameter less than 0.075 mm) improves the cohesiveness of aggregate with bitumen. Second, produce a dense mixture by filling the voids between the particles. Aluminum dross (AD), which is a by-product of aluminum re-melting, is formed all over the world. This material causes damage to humans and the environment; stockpiling AD in landfills is not the best solution. This research studies the possibility of replacing part of the conventional filler with aluminum dross. Three percent of dross was used, 10, 20, and 30% by filler weight. The MarshallMix design method was adopted to obtain the optimum asphalt content for the selected aggregate gradation. After that, the mixture was used to evaluate the moisture damage for controlandimproved mixtures. The compressive strength and tensile strength tests were used to estimate the moisture damage to the asphalt mixtures. It was observed that replacing a part of the limestone dust filler with aluminum dross would improve moisture damage resistance. This was approved since the maximum increase in tensile strength ratio (TSR)was found to be 13.42% at 20% of AD, and the maximum increase in the index of retained strength (IRS)was found to be 8.73% at the same AD percent.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.08
Marwa Jawad Badr, M. Ismael
Modified asphalt is considered one of the alternatives to address the problems of deficiencies in traditional asphalt concrete, as modified asphalt addresses many of the issues that appear on the pavement layers in asphalt concrete, resulting from heavy traffic and vehicles loaded with loads that exceed the design loads and the large fluctuations in the daily and seasonal temperatures of asphalt concrete. The current study examined the role of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as a modified material for virgin asphalt when it was added in different proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) of the asphalt weight. The experimental program includes the volumetric characteristics associated with the Marshall test, the physical properties, and the FTIR spectroscopy examination of virgin asphalt and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modified asphalt. This study showed that mixtures with modified asphalt using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) by 3% achieved the typical Marshall properties at the optimal asphalt content of 4.8%, recording a 10% decrease in the optimum asphalt content for the mixtures made with virgin (unmodified) asphalt, whose proportion was 4.9% is the optimum asphalt content. PPA is available in the local markets and is considered cheaper than polymers. It is also regarded as economical as it reduces the optimum content of asphalt.
{"title":"Improvement Marshall Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Using Polyphosphoric Acid","authors":"Marwa Jawad Badr, M. Ismael","doi":"10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Modified asphalt is considered one of the alternatives to address the problems of deficiencies in traditional asphalt concrete, as modified asphalt addresses many of the issues that appear on the pavement layers in asphalt concrete, resulting from heavy traffic and vehicles loaded with loads that exceed the design loads and the large fluctuations in the daily and seasonal temperatures of asphalt concrete. The current study examined the role of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as a modified material for virgin asphalt when it was added in different proportions (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) of the asphalt weight. The experimental program includes the volumetric characteristics associated with the Marshall test, the physical properties, and the FTIR spectroscopy examination of virgin asphalt and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) modified asphalt. This study showed that mixtures with modified asphalt using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) by 3% achieved the typical Marshall properties at the optimal asphalt content of 4.8%, recording a 10% decrease in the optimum asphalt content for the mixtures made with virgin (unmodified) asphalt, whose proportion was 4.9% is the optimum asphalt content. PPA is available in the local markets and is considered cheaper than polymers. It is also regarded as economical as it reduces the optimum content of asphalt.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"29 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.11
Rabah Abduljabbar Jasem
The improvement in Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation when the received signals impinge on Active-Parasitic Antenna (APA) arrays will be studied in this work. An APA array consists of several active antennas; others are parasitic antennas. The responses to the received signals are measured at the loaded terminals of the active element. The terminals of the parasitic element are shorted. The effect of the received signals on the parasites, i.e., the induced short-circuit current, is mutually coupled to the active elements. Eigen decomposition of the covariance matrix of the measurements of the APA array generates a third subspace in addition to the traditional signal and noise subspaces generated by the all-active antenna receiving array. This additional subspace, the parasitic subspace, is accompanied by very small eigenvalues (approaching zero). Hence, a complete orthogonality between this subspace and the column space of the steering matrix of the array can be obtained. As a result, better resolution in estimating the DOA can be achieved. Several simulations in conjunction with the MUSIC algorithm, which have been conducted in this work, depict that the APA array outperforms the all-active antenna array as a direction finder, regardless of the size of the array, the number of active elements, or the number of measurement snapshots. Furthermore, super-resolution DOA estimation can be achieved when a subset of the parasitic subspace is used as if the measurement were noiseless. Also, the APA array contributes to very small RMSE values over a wide range of S/N of the received signals.
本作品将研究当接收信号撞击有源-寄生天线（APA）阵列时，如何改进到达方向（DOA）估计。APA 阵列由几个有源天线和其他寄生天线组成。在有源元件的负载终端测量接收信号的响应。寄生元件的终端是短路的。接收信号对寄生元件的影响，即诱导短路电流，与有源元件相互耦合。除了全有源天线接收阵列产生的传统信号子空间和噪声子空间外，APA 阵列测量值协方差矩阵的特征分解还会产生第三个子空间。这个额外的子空间，即寄生子空间，具有非常小的特征值（趋近于零）。因此，该子空间与阵列转向矩阵的列空间之间可以实现完全正交。因此，可以获得更高的 DOA 估计分辨率。本研究结合 MUSIC 算法进行了多次模拟，结果表明，无论阵列的大小、有源元件的数量或测量快照的数量如何，APA 阵列的测向性能都优于全有源天线阵列。此外，当使用寄生子空间的一个子集时，可以实现超分辨率 DOA 估计，就好像测量是无噪声的一样。此外，APA 阵列在接收信号的信噪比范围很宽时，RMSE 值都非常小。
{"title":"Improving the Direction of Arrival Estimation Using the Parasitic Subspace Generated by Active-Parasitic Antenna (APA) Arrays","authors":"Rabah Abduljabbar Jasem","doi":"10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement in Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation when the received signals impinge on Active-Parasitic Antenna (APA) arrays will be studied in this work. An APA array consists of several active antennas; others are parasitic antennas. The responses to the received signals are measured at the loaded terminals of the active element. The terminals of the parasitic element are shorted. The effect of the received signals on the parasites, i.e., the induced short-circuit current, is mutually coupled to the active elements. Eigen decomposition of the covariance matrix of the measurements of the APA array generates a third subspace in addition to the traditional signal and noise subspaces generated by the all-active antenna receiving array. This additional subspace, the parasitic subspace, is accompanied by very small eigenvalues (approaching zero). Hence, a complete orthogonality between this subspace and the column space of the steering matrix of the array can be obtained. As a result, better resolution in estimating the DOA can be achieved. Several simulations in conjunction with the MUSIC algorithm, which have been conducted in this work, depict that the APA array outperforms the all-active antenna array as a direction finder, regardless of the size of the array, the number of active elements, or the number of measurement snapshots. Furthermore, super-resolution DOA estimation can be achieved when a subset of the parasitic subspace is used as if the measurement were noiseless. Also, the APA array contributes to very small RMSE values over a wide range of S/N of the received signals.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.04
Fatima A. Mohammed, R. H. Latief, Amjad Hamad Albayati
This research utilized natural asphalt (NA) deposits from sulfur springs in western Iraq. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating NA and verify its suitability for local pavement applications. To achieve this, a combination of two types of NA, namely soft SNA and hard HNA, was blended to create a binder known as Type HSNA. The resulting HSNA exhibited a penetration grade that adhered to Iraqi specifications. Various percentages of NA (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) were added to petroleum asphalt. The findings revealed enhanced physical properties of HSNA, which also satisfied the requirements outlined in the Iraqi specifications for asphalt cement. Consequently, HSNA can serve as an asphalt binder to produce asphalt mixtures for flexible paving construction. Notably, HSNA mixtures exhibited greater Marshall stability and stiffness index when compared to traditional mixtures. The results from indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests indicated that the 80NA mixture displayed the highest ITS values and a TSR of 81.36%, surpassing the TSR of the mixture incorporating petroleum asphalt by 0.57%.
这项研究利用了伊拉克西部硫磺泉中的天然沥青（NA）矿床。实验室测试的目的是评估含有天然沥青的沥青混合物的性能，并验证其在当地路面应用中的适用性。为此，我们将两种天然沥青（即软质 SNA 和硬质 HNA）混合在一起，制成一种称为 HSNA 型的粘结剂。混合后的 HSNA 具有符合伊拉克规范的渗透等级。在石油沥青中添加了不同比例的 NA（20%、40%、60% 和 80%）。研究结果表明，HSNA 的物理性能得到了增强，同时也满足了伊拉克沥青水泥规格中列出的要求。因此，HSNA 可作为沥青粘结剂，生产用于柔性铺路施工的沥青混合料。值得注意的是，与传统混合料相比，HSNA 混合料表现出更高的马歇尔稳定性和刚度指数。间接拉伸强度（ITS）和拉伸强度比（TSR）测试结果表明，80NA 混合料的 ITS 值最高，TSR 为 81.36%，比含有石油沥青的混合料的 TSR 高出 0.57%。
{"title":"Assessment of Traditional Asphalt Mixture Performance Using Natural Asphalt from Sulfur Springs","authors":"Fatima A. Mohammed, R. H. Latief, Amjad Hamad Albayati","doi":"10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"This research utilized natural asphalt (NA) deposits from sulfur springs in western Iraq. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of an asphalt mixture incorporating NA and verify its suitability for local pavement applications. To achieve this, a combination of two types of NA, namely soft SNA and hard HNA, was blended to create a binder known as Type HSNA. The resulting HSNA exhibited a penetration grade that adhered to Iraqi specifications. Various percentages of NA (20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) were added to petroleum asphalt. The findings revealed enhanced physical properties of HSNA, which also satisfied the requirements outlined in the Iraqi specifications for asphalt cement.\u0000Consequently, HSNA can serve as an asphalt binder to produce asphalt mixtures for flexible paving construction. Notably, HSNA mixtures exhibited greater Marshall stability and stiffness index when compared to traditional mixtures. The results from indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests indicated that the 80NA mixture displayed the highest ITS values and a TSR of 81.36%, surpassing the TSR of the mixture incorporating petroleum asphalt by 0.57%.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.05
Noor Alhuda Khalil, G. M. I. Kamoona
Universities are among spaces where it's important to ensure thermal comfort in indoor spaces, improving the occupants' well-being and productivity. The problem of the research was to study appropriate glazing systems for the spaces of the University of Baghdad because glazing systems are one of the most important elements of the indoor environments, and it has a major impact on the thermal performance of buildings. Glass is one of the most seasoned materials that are most utilized in the design. Since it is a diaphanous material, it allows sunlight to enter the building, increasing the space's temperature, cooling loads, and energy consumption in summer. The research followed the experimental method by studying and testing(conventional, advanced, and photovoltaic glazing)by Revit and Onyx Solar analysis in the Architectural Department classes to find the appropriate type of glazing in the spaces of hot, dry areas. The results showed that advanced glazing is the best by reducing the cooling loads andincreasingthermal performance quality. Photovoltaic glazing showed its efficiency in filling part of the electrical energy needs within the spaces of the Architectural department.
在大学中，确保室内空间的热舒适度、提高居住者的舒适度和工作效率非常重要。这项研究的问题是为巴格达大学的空间研究合适的玻璃系统，因为玻璃系统是室内环境最重要的元素之一，对建筑物的热性能有重大影响。玻璃是设计中最常用的材料之一。由于玻璃是一种不透光的材料，它允许阳光进入建筑物，从而增加了空间的温度、冷却负荷以及夏季的能源消耗。研究采用了实验方法，在建筑系的课堂上通过 Revit 和 Onyx Solar 分析对（传统玻璃、高级玻璃和光伏玻璃）进行研究和测试，以找到适合干热地区空间的玻璃类型。结果表明，高级玻璃在降低冷却负荷和提高热性能质量方面效果最佳。光伏玻璃在满足建筑系空间的部分电能需求方面表现出了很高的效率。
{"title":"Improving Thermal Performance in the University Classrooms","authors":"Noor Alhuda Khalil, G. M. I. Kamoona","doi":"10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Universities are among spaces where it's important to ensure thermal comfort in indoor spaces, improving the occupants' well-being and productivity. The problem of the research was to study appropriate glazing systems for the spaces of the University of Baghdad because glazing systems are one of the most important elements of the indoor environments, and it has a major impact on the thermal performance of buildings. Glass is one of the most seasoned materials that are most utilized in the design. Since it is a diaphanous material, it allows sunlight to enter the building, increasing the space's temperature, cooling loads, and energy consumption in summer. The research followed the experimental method by studying and testing(conventional, advanced, and photovoltaic glazing)by Revit and Onyx Solar analysis in the Architectural Department classes to find the appropriate type of glazing in the spaces of hot, dry areas. The results showed that advanced glazing is the best by reducing the cooling loads andincreasingthermal performance quality. Photovoltaic glazing showed its efficiency in filling part of the electrical energy needs within the spaces of the Architectural department.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of traditional clay bricks consumes a large amount of energy and resources and can lead to the depletion of natural resources like clay. On the contrary, the improper disposal of waste materials such as bottom ash, textile sludge, and plastic waste can lead to environmental pollution and health hazards. Bricks and concrete blocks have been widely used in construction, but the continuous exploitation of raw materials can negatively impact the environment. This study aimed to produce bricks made from municipal solid waste, incinerated bottom ash, and textile sludge, using plastic waste as a binder. It assessed the potential use of these bricks as an alternative material for brick block production. The physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials were determined using standard test methods. The crushed plastic waste was melted and mixed with dried textile sludge and bottom ash in various ratios, including 1 : 1 : 1, 2 : 1 : 1, 1 : 2 : 1, 1 : 1 : 2, and 1 : 2 : 2 for plastic, municipal incinerated bottom ash, and textile sludge, respectively. The mixed sample was then placed into molds until it dried, and the resulting bricks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence, and leachability. The results indicated that the bricks had suitable physical and chemical properties, with compressive strength ranging from 8.527 to 16.4 MPa and water absorption percentages ranging from 1.3 to 3.4%. Slight efflorescence was observed for the 1 : 2 : 2 ratios. The production of traditional clay bricks consumes a large amount of energy and resources and can lead to the depletion of natural resources like clay. On the other hand, the improper disposal of waste materials such as bottom ash, textile sludge, and plastic waste can lead to environmental pollution and health hazards.
{"title":"Production and Characterization of Bricks from Bottom Ash and Textile Sludge Using Plastic Waste as Binding Agent","authors":"Israel Tessema, Zena Fantahun","doi":"10.1155/2023/7607677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7607677","url":null,"abstract":"The production of traditional clay bricks consumes a large amount of energy and resources and can lead to the depletion of natural resources like clay. On the contrary, the improper disposal of waste materials such as bottom ash, textile sludge, and plastic waste can lead to environmental pollution and health hazards. Bricks and concrete blocks have been widely used in construction, but the continuous exploitation of raw materials can negatively impact the environment. This study aimed to produce bricks made from municipal solid waste, incinerated bottom ash, and textile sludge, using plastic waste as a binder. It assessed the potential use of these bricks as an alternative material for brick block production. The physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials were determined using standard test methods. The crushed plastic waste was melted and mixed with dried textile sludge and bottom ash in various ratios, including 1 : 1 : 1, 2 : 1 : 1, 1 : 2 : 1, 1 : 1 : 2, and 1 : 2 : 2 for plastic, municipal incinerated bottom ash, and textile sludge, respectively. The mixed sample was then placed into molds until it dried, and the resulting bricks were tested for compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence, and leachability. The results indicated that the bricks had suitable physical and chemical properties, with compressive strength ranging from 8.527 to 16.4 MPa and water absorption percentages ranging from 1.3 to 3.4%. Slight efflorescence was observed for the 1 : 2 : 2 ratios. The production of traditional clay bricks consumes a large amount of energy and resources and can lead to the depletion of natural resources like clay. On the other hand, the improper disposal of waste materials such as bottom ash, textile sludge, and plastic waste can lead to environmental pollution and health hazards.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"2 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés Mauricio Paredes Rodríguez, Juan José Bravo Bastidas, Juan Carlos Osorio Gómez, Diego León Peña Orozco, Jesús González Feliu
Products’ classification according to their importance has been a topic addressed by academia and industry for many years, mainly due to the great importance of this process to obtain efficient inventory policies that reduce lost sales while reducing inventory maintenance costs. This research has to perform an ABC inventory classification in a medium-sized company that sells hardware goods and construction materials, considering multiple quantitative and qualitative criteria. AHP fuzzy TOPSIS multicriteria tool was used as a methodological approach which implies the definition and initial weighting of a set of relevant criteria for the study based on the AHP fuzzy methodology, to obtain an inventory products’ importance assessment according TOPSIS technique procedure. After applying the technique, it is possible to obtain that 0.26% of the inventory was classified as highly critical. Likewise, 5.45% represents products of medium relevance to the organization. Finally, it is observed that many of the products (approximately 94%) have little or almost no impact within the company under study. This methodology was used in a practical case where some criteria were taken from the reviewed literature. In addition, the criticality criterion was used from a financial perspective.
{"title":"Fuzzy AHP TOPSIS Methodology for Multicriteria ABC Inventory Classification","authors":"Andrés Mauricio Paredes Rodríguez, Juan José Bravo Bastidas, Juan Carlos Osorio Gómez, Diego León Peña Orozco, Jesús González Feliu","doi":"10.1155/2023/7661628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7661628","url":null,"abstract":"Products’ classification according to their importance has been a topic addressed by academia and industry for many years, mainly due to the great importance of this process to obtain efficient inventory policies that reduce lost sales while reducing inventory maintenance costs. This research has to perform an ABC inventory classification in a medium-sized company that sells hardware goods and construction materials, considering multiple quantitative and qualitative criteria. AHP fuzzy TOPSIS multicriteria tool was used as a methodological approach which implies the definition and initial weighting of a set of relevant criteria for the study based on the AHP fuzzy methodology, to obtain an inventory products’ importance assessment according TOPSIS technique procedure. After applying the technique, it is possible to obtain that 0.26% of the inventory was classified as highly critical. Likewise, 5.45% represents products of medium relevance to the organization. Finally, it is observed that many of the products (approximately 94%) have little or almost no impact within the company under study. This methodology was used in a practical case where some criteria were taken from the reviewed literature. In addition, the criticality criterion was used from a financial perspective.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"56 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to understand the working procedure of the Olympus PSD-30 Electrosurgical Unit, in which a high-frequency alternating current measures the voltage and power output from the unit when used for a surgical operation to determine the extent of tissue damage. In examining this, power and voltage were analyzed using a stopwatch output; then with an Arduino time-based for 1, 2, and 3 seconds to understand the different modes of the cut and coagulation feedback with an RCC circuit used to mimic the human body. This shows a pattern in which the feedback power increases and the voltage decreases as the cut and coagulation mode increases. The percentage between the stopwatch and Arduino is 29% for the 1 and 2 seconds. With this information, Arduino Uno timing was used to experiment with the device for the different power settings for both the cut and coagulation modes from 2 W to 50 W at 5 W intervals. Based on each trial, the signal was measured for a magnitude of 1 Vpp, and the crest factor obtained was 1.5 with a voltage of 1.088 V and 1.0519 V for both the LabView and oscilloscope, respectively, for the electrosurgical unit of 350 kHz. The power control gives 0.4 W, 2.04 W, and 3.01 W for the power peak at 1, 2, and 3 seconds for the 50 W cut mode of the electrosurgical devices.
{"title":"Controlled Voltage of Hot Snare Polypectomy Device in Electrosurgical Device","authors":"Saidi O. Olalere, JungHun Choi","doi":"10.1155/2023/5521294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5521294","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to understand the working procedure of the Olympus PSD-30 Electrosurgical Unit, in which a high-frequency alternating current measures the voltage and power output from the unit when used for a surgical operation to determine the extent of tissue damage. In examining this, power and voltage were analyzed using a stopwatch output; then with an Arduino time-based for 1, 2, and 3 seconds to understand the different modes of the cut and coagulation feedback with an RCC circuit used to mimic the human body. This shows a pattern in which the feedback power increases and the voltage decreases as the cut and coagulation mode increases. The percentage between the stopwatch and Arduino is 29% for the 1 and 2 seconds. With this information, Arduino Uno timing was used to experiment with the device for the different power settings for both the cut and coagulation modes from 2 W to 50 W at 5 W intervals. Based on each trial, the signal was measured for a magnitude of 1 Vpp, and the crest factor obtained was 1.5 with a voltage of 1.088 V and 1.0519 V for both the LabView and oscilloscope, respectively, for the electrosurgical unit of 350 kHz. The power control gives 0.4 W, 2.04 W, and 3.01 W for the power peak at 1, 2, and 3 seconds for the 50 W cut mode of the electrosurgical devices.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"53 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D printing (additive manufacturing) is one of the revolutionary technologies that are transforming manufacturing and industrial processes. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is being used for extensive customization and production of all types of open-source designs in farming, medical, automotive, locomotive, aerospace, and construction industries. The advantages of 3D printing for industrial applications include little material waste, simple production, minimal human participation, minimal postprocessing, and energy efficiency. There are limited articles on the scope and future possibilities of AM technologies. This article explains numerous AM techniques, uses for technology, and substances used in the manufacturing firm. The numerous materials that may be used with every type of 3D printing process are explained in depth. The numerous settings whereby every processor kind is used are also listed in the study. The original study findings indicate that, while 3D printing technology has made great advances, there are still challenges that need to be addressed; however, the obstacles appear to vary: the cost of preprocessing and postprocessing, a restricted selection of materials, and technological constraints are the most significant 3D printing challenges. Readers will be benefitted from the new dimension added by explanation of the many aspects of additive manufacturing and the identification of potential new research fields in this review. The processes may be enhanced and modified to operate with a range of materials through further research, whereas if the range of applications for 3D printing technology components is to be increased, more effort should be made into developing economical printing procedures and supplies that function with these printers.
三维打印（快速成型制造）是改变制造业和工业流程的革命性技术之一。在农业、医疗、汽车、机车、航空航天和建筑行业，增材制造（AM）技术正被广泛用于各类开源设计的定制和生产。三维打印技术在工业应用中的优势包括材料浪费少、生产简单、人工参与少、后期处理少和节能。关于 AM 技术的范围和未来可能性的文章有限。本文介绍了众多 AM 技术、技术用途和制造公司使用的物质。对每种三维打印工艺可使用的众多材料进行了深入解释。研究报告中还列出了每种处理器使用的众多设置。最初的研究结果表明，虽然三维打印技术已经取得了巨大进步，但仍有一些挑战需要解决；不过，这些障碍似乎各有不同：预处理和后处理的成本、材料选择的限制以及技术限制是三维打印面临的最大挑战。本综述对增材制造的诸多方面进行了解释，并确定了潜在的新研究领域，为读者增添了新的维度，将使读者受益匪浅。通过进一步的研究，可以对工艺进行改进和修改，使其能够与一系列材料配合使用，而如果要扩大三维打印技术组件的应用范围，则应加大力度开发经济的打印程序和与这些打印机配合使用的耗材。
{"title":"An Overview of Extensive Analysis of 3D Printing Applications in the Manufacturing Sector","authors":"M. Jayakrishna, M. Vijay, Baseem Khan","doi":"10.1155/2023/7465737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7465737","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing (additive manufacturing) is one of the revolutionary technologies that are transforming manufacturing and industrial processes. Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is being used for extensive customization and production of all types of open-source designs in farming, medical, automotive, locomotive, aerospace, and construction industries. The advantages of 3D printing for industrial applications include little material waste, simple production, minimal human participation, minimal postprocessing, and energy efficiency. There are limited articles on the scope and future possibilities of AM technologies. This article explains numerous AM techniques, uses for technology, and substances used in the manufacturing firm. The numerous materials that may be used with every type of 3D printing process are explained in depth. The numerous settings whereby every processor kind is used are also listed in the study. The original study findings indicate that, while 3D printing technology has made great advances, there are still challenges that need to be addressed; however, the obstacles appear to vary: the cost of preprocessing and postprocessing, a restricted selection of materials, and technological constraints are the most significant 3D printing challenges. Readers will be benefitted from the new dimension added by explanation of the many aspects of additive manufacturing and the identification of potential new research fields in this review. The processes may be enhanced and modified to operate with a range of materials through further research, whereas if the range of applications for 3D printing technology components is to be increased, more effort should be made into developing economical printing procedures and supplies that function with these printers.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139170984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A precise rock mass grade result is crucial for directing the tunnel excavation engineering design. A novel rock mass classification method for tuff tunnel based on the high-pressure gas expansion method (HPGEM) was proposed, which was primarily built on field test data previously acquired by the research team. The main achievements are as follows: combined with field data and the HPGEM rock-breaking theory, analyzing the rock uniaxial compressive strength, rock mass integrity index, and the relationship between the gas generator unit consumption and fitted the relevant equations. After that, the rock optimal uniaxial compressive strength (about 150 MPa) and the rock integrity factor (about 0.85) were obtained. With reference to the BQ rock mass classification method, a new rock mass classification method that applied to HPGEM was proposed. This study fills the gap of the appropriate rock mass classification method requested on HPGEM.
{"title":"A Rock Mass Classification Method for Tuff Tunnel Based on the High-Pressure Gas Expansion Method","authors":"Huaide Peng, Danli Li, Jia Sheng, Bing Dai, Qi Da","doi":"10.1155/2023/2798187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2798187","url":null,"abstract":"A precise rock mass grade result is crucial for directing the tunnel excavation engineering design. A novel rock mass classification method for tuff tunnel based on the high-pressure gas expansion method (HPGEM) was proposed, which was primarily built on field test data previously acquired by the research team. The main achievements are as follows: combined with field data and the HPGEM rock-breaking theory, analyzing the rock uniaxial compressive strength, rock mass integrity index, and the relationship between the gas generator unit consumption and fitted the relevant equations. After that, the rock optimal uniaxial compressive strength (about 150 MPa) and the rock integrity factor (about 0.85) were obtained. With reference to the BQ rock mass classification method, a new rock mass classification method that applied to HPGEM was proposed. This study fills the gap of the appropriate rock mass classification method requested on HPGEM.","PeriodicalId":15716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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