Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes最新文献

Heavy metal contamination in aquaculture threatens fish health and consumer safety, with bioaccumulation differing between farming systems. The study compares heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu) contamination in fish feed, water and organs (muscle, gills and liver) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from biofloc and pond farming systems. Samples were collected from ten biofloc tanks and ten earthen ponds, with heavy metals quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal levels in fish feed were below permissible limits, while pond water showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) contamination than biofloc water. Pond-reared tilapia exhibited higher heavy metal accumulation in muscles, gills and liver compared to biofloc-reared fish. The liver showed the highest bioaccumulation, followed by gills, in both systems. Cd levels exceeded standard limits in the liver and gills of pond-reared fish. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis revealed strong correlations between heavy metals in gills, water and liver, while muscles and feed formed a separate cluster. Pb, Cd and Cu were closely associated, suggesting a common contamination source. The health index (HI) for muscle was <1 in both systems, indicating safety for consumption. Overall, biofloc-reared tilapia was found safer for human consumption compared to pond-reared fish.

Pesticides intoxication affects aquatic organisms as well as a group of contaminants that are represented by crude oil, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives. Useful tools for ecotoxicological studies of marine ecosystems are based on biomarker application on bioindicator key fish species. The aim of the present study was to highlight the presence of pesticides and hydrocarbons in a coastal marine environment, the harbour of Capo d'Orlando town (northeastern Sicily, Italy), by using the ecotoxicological biomarker Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymatic activities in the key fish species Chelon labrosus. A reference site was selected. Chemical analysis of water samples was also carried out to analyze and eventually confirm the presence of pesticides in the study area. Results showed significant inhibition in AChE (80%) and BChE (77%) activities in fish from the harbour of Capo d'Orlando compared to the reference site. The esterase inhibition is primarily due to the presence of organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates, that resulted in higher concentrations of contaminants in the water of the harbour of Capo d'Orlando compared to the reference quality standard decree (Ministerial Decree 260, 2010). This study highlighted the contamination by insecticides and most probably by hydrocarbons in fish from the harbour of Capo d'Orlando, which also represents a threat to the human population consuming affected fish.

This study explores the photocatalytic decomposition of antibiotic residues, including tetracycline (TCR) and amoxicillin (AMR), from wastewater using Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ photocatalyst. The characterization findings revealed that Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ exhibited significantly improved light absorption properties and enhanced charge separation efficiency. According to the experimental results, Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ exhibited high degradation efficiencies of 77.6% for TCR and 83.2% for AMR in wastewater samples. It also displayed excellent reusability, with the removal efficiencies of TCR and AMR remaining at 71.3 and 78.8%, respectively, after five cycles. Additionally, the photodegradation of TCR and AMR using Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ is suggested to follow the Z-scheme pathway. The results of this study could be utilized for removing antibiotic pollutants from wastewater, thereby reducing their impact on human health and the environment.

This study presents effective methods for utilizing the TiO₂ photocatalyst in environmental remediation, with a particular focus on the removal of the carbofuran pesticide (CBFP) from wastewater. Silver (Ag) was selected as a potential dopant to improve the optical properties as well as the electron-hole pair separation efficiency of TiO₂. Ag-doped TiO₂ (Ag-TiO₂) effectively decomposed 92.8% CBFP under solar light, which was significantly higher than that of TiO₂ (21.3%). Ag-TiO₂ also exhibited good reusability for CBFP degradation, with a reduction in removal efficiency of less than 3% after three cycles. In practical applications, Ag-TiO₂ successfully degraded 89.3% of CBFP in wastewater and 98.7% in surface water. The findings of this work bring an effective method for removing pesticide pollutants using Ag-TiO₂ photocatalyst.

Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) have been identified as substances with severe adverse effects, including carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Hopelchén to provide evidence for policy recommendations on pesticide regulation. A total of 25 samples were collected and analyzed using the QuEChERS method with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS techniques. Of the 156 pesticides screened, 25 were detected, with tebuconazole, chlorantraniliprole, imidacloprid and carbendazim among the most frequent. Approximately 20% of the pesticides identified qualified as HHPs based on WHO/FAO criteria, while 60% were categorized as HHPs according to the more comprehensive criteria outlined by Pesticide Action Network International. Many of these pesticides exhibited toxicity to bees and high environmental persistence. Furthermore, 33% of the samples exceeded the European Union's Maximum Residue Limits, particularly for pesticides in papayas and bell peppers. Our findings show the presence of HHPs in the region, which represent critical hazards to ecosystem, pollinator populations, and public health. This work may contribute to the development of specific HHPs classification criteria for Mexico, thus advancing the transition toward safer, with special emphasis on vulnerable regions such as the Mayan zone in southeastern Mexico.

The combination of auxin-mimicking herbicides from different chemical groups offers an alternative for controlling fleabane (Conyza spp.) in soybean pre-sowing, but care is needed to avoid phytotoxicity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of auxinic herbicide mixtures in controlling Conyza spp. and their residual effects on soybean plants. A randomized block field experiment tested 13 combinations of auxinic herbicides with glyphosate, followed by glufosinate 14 days after application (DAA). At 42 DAA, all the treatments provided satisfactory control, with triclopyr + halauxifen + diclosulan achieving 100% effectiveness, while the 2,4-D combinations were controlled at 80-90%. Aminopyralid caused the highest phytotoxicity (50-75%), while dicamba caused less than 25% phytotoxicity. Aminopyralid also significantly reduced yield and thousand-grain weight to nearly zero, whereas the other treatments maintained yields of approximately 2,500 kg ha^-1. These results demonstrate the efficacy of auxinic herbicide combinations for managing Conyza spp., provided that the phytotoxic risks to soybean are carefully managed.

The widespread use of antibiotics has led to significant water pollution. Photocatalysis can effectively degrade antibiotics, but the performance is greatly limited by the photogenerated carrier recombination in the photocatalytic material g-C₃N₅. Constructing heterojunctions can enhance interfacial charge transfer, leading to more stable and efficient photocatalysis. This study synthesized a Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₅ heterojunction using the solvothermal method. The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitated efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, preserving photoelectrons and holes with high redox activity. This process generated a substantial amount of highly reactive free radicals such as ·O₂^- and ·OH, enabling the efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC). Under the optimal conditions of initial concentration of TC was 200 mg/L, the quality ratio of Fe₂O₃ and g-C₃N₅ was 1:2, the catalyst dosage was 50 mg and pH = 7.0, the TC degradation rate reached 92.46% within 60 min of visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity's enhancement was attributed to broad spectral absorption and effective photogenerated carrier separation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance can be affected by the presence of inorganic salt ions such as HCO₃^- and CO₃^2-.

In this work, we fabricated the Fmoc-Pro-Phe-OMe modified carbon paste electrode (FPPO/MCPE) and used it for electrochemical detection of CP and FZ in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7). We characterized the Fmoc-Pro-Phe-OMe and applied it for the electrochemical detection of CP and FZ. The Mass spectroscopy, ¹HNMR, and FTIR measurements confirm the Fmoc-Pro-Phe-OMe chemical structure. Studying electrochemical sensor characteristics, variation of scan rate parameters, and electrode surface area is crucial for understanding and optimizing the performance of modified and unmodified carbon paste electrodes. The FPPO/MCPE-modified carbon paste electrode has better sensing capabilities than the unmodified bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE). The FPPO/MCPE sensor has two linear ranges: 50-450 μM (CP) with a detection limit of 0.014 μM and 50-450 μM (FZ) with a detection limit of 0.015 μM. The FPPO/MCPE sensor is highly sensitive, measuring 4.25 µA/µM/cm² for CP and 4.1 µA/µM/cm² for FZ. Scan rate and concentration tests demonstrate that the oxidation of CP and FZ is a diffusion-controlled electrode process. The FPPO/MCPE sensor also demonstrates excellent repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity for detection of CP and FZ. The use of FPPO/MCPE-sensor is demonstrated for the detection of FZ and CP in milk and honey samples.

Pesticide dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) and their dissipation half-time (DT₅₀) after application are important parameters for exposure and risk assessment from intended reentry activities or unintended dermal contact with treated crops. To understand the impact of agronomic factors on residue level a statistical based evaluation was conducted using ten DFR studies, with pyrimethanil applied in Scala^® to strawberries, raspberries, peppers, apples, and grapes, 30 trials in total. Influences on initial DFR (DFR0) and DT₅₀ were investigated by multivariate linear regression analysis. The application rate and the crop itself indicate a potential influence on DFR0 when related to ground area applied which is not notable for three dimensional crops regardless of indoor/outdoor cultivation, when related to leaf wall area (LWA). DFR0 values for pyrimethanil do not depend on the number of applications as the range of DT₅₀ values determined for pyrimethanil is consistently small (0.3-2.3 days). All DT₅₀ are significantly lower than the European default (30 days). The noted difference in DT50 of peppers to strawberries is likely attributable to indoor cultivation. A proposal is made how to refine the exposure assessment of pyrimethanil making use of the available DFR0 and DT₅₀ data for other crop types.

Phenanthrene is classified as a priority environmental pollutant because of its impact on the environment and on human health as a mutagenic and carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was isolated and identified new bacteria with the capability to degrade phenanthrene from Reynosa, Mexico. Achromobacter insolitus, Bacillus cereus, and Microbacterium thalassium had high tolerant to phenanthrene (250 mg L^-1). Biodegradation experiments in liquid culture evidenced that Bacillus cereus strain Sneb1168 degraded 48.58% of phenanthrene at 500 mg L^-1 after 32 days. Remarkably, in the soil system, B. cereus degraded 72.9% of phenanthrene at 250 mg kg^-1 dw. These results highlight the potential of B. cereus strain Sneb1168 to be used as an agent for the remotion of phenanthrene from contaminated soils.