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Effects of root-irrigation with metalaxyl-M and hymexazol on soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and the fungal diversity, community structure and function. 用 metalaxyl-M 和 hymexazol 灌根对土壤理化性质、酶活性以及真菌多样性、群落结构和功能的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2428911
Fengyu Li, Qianqian Luo, Jie Wang, Xinjian Li, Feng Wang, Qingli Han, Bin Huang

Fungicides are commonly applied through root irrigation in tobacco fields to control soil-borne diseases, and they affect soil microorganisms. However, the effects of metalaxyl-M and hymexazol, used to manage tobacco black shank disease, on these soil microecology remain poorly understood. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and the diversity, community structure and function of soil fungi in tobacco fields following root irrigation with metalaxyl-M and hymexazol. The results revealed that ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), soil organic matter (SOM), electrical conductivity (EC) and soil urease (UE) in soil were significantly increased and the pH decreased after root-irrigation with these two fungicides. The abundance of soil fungal community was significantly reduced after the root-irrigation of metalaxyl-M and hymexazol. The relative abundance of Ascomycota increased significantly after the treatment with metalaxyl-M. Following hymexazol treatment, the abundance of Achroiostachys, Nigrospora, Ustilaginoidea, and Trichoderma significantly decreased. Functional prediction analysis indicated an increase in the relative abundance of functional genes of saprophytic fungi after treatment with both fungicides. This study provides a foundational understanding of the environmental behavior and supports the scientific and rational use of metalaxyl-M and hymexazol in soil.

烟草田通常通过灌根施用杀菌剂来控制土传病害,这些杀菌剂会影响土壤微生物。然而,用于防治烟草黑柄病的 metalaxyl-M 和 hymexazol 对这些土壤微生物生态的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究采用高通量测序技术,探讨了烟草根部灌溉 metalaxyl-M 和hymexazol 后的土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性以及土壤真菌的多样性、群落结构和功能。结果表明,使用这两种杀菌剂灌根后,土壤中的铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、土壤有机质(SOM)、导电率(EC)和土壤脲酶(UE)显著增加,pH值下降。土壤真菌群落的丰度在使用 metalaxyl-M 和 hymexazol 灌根后明显降低。在使用 metalaxyl-M 处理后,子囊菌群的相对丰度明显增加。经甲基异柳磷处理后,Achroiostachys、Nigrospora、Ustilaginoidea 和 Trichoderma 的丰度明显下降。功能预测分析表明,使用这两种杀真菌剂处理后,萎缩真菌功能基因的相对丰度有所增加。这项研究为了解环境行为提供了基础,并支持在土壤中科学合理地使用甲霜灵-M 和霜霉威。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro cytotoxicity assessment of different solvents used in pesticide dilution. 对农药稀释中使用的不同溶剂进行体外细胞毒性评估。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2429298
Ligia Maria Salvo, Mara Elisa Gazino Joineau, Magda Regina Santiago

Pesticides are diluted in products called solvents for spraying fields and for cell viability studies. This study aimed to determine whether pesticide solvents can alter the toxicity of endosulfan and Vero cell viability. Thus, the cytotoxicity of some diluents commonly used in pesticide solutions was evaluated by the neutral red incorporation technique and cell growth. Vero cells were exposed to endosulfan dissolved in sunflower (Helianthus annus, Linnaeus) oil, corn (Zea mays, Linnaeus) oil, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and Tween 80, at a concentration of 1 µg L-1 for a period of 96 h. The results showed that both DMSO and Tween 80 induced a significant increase in cytotoxicity compared to sunflower oil and corn oil. Moreover, Tween 80 had a significant cytotoxic effect (P < 0.05) when compared to DMSO. The solvent can alter the toxicity of endosulfan, decreasing Vero cell viability, as was the case with DMSO and Tween 80.

农药被稀释在称为溶剂的产品中,用于田间喷洒和细胞活力研究。本研究旨在确定农药溶剂是否会改变硫丹的毒性和 Vero 细胞的活力。因此,通过中性红掺入技术和细胞生长,对农药溶液中常用的一些稀释剂的细胞毒性进行了评估。将硫丹溶于向日葵(Helianthus annus,Linnaeus)油、玉米(Zea mays,Linnaeus)油、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和吐温 80(浓度为 1 µg L-1)中,让 Vero 细胞接触 96 小时。此外,吐温 80 具有明显的细胞毒性作用(P
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引用次数: 0
Improved photocatalytic decomposition of carbaryl pesticide in wastewater using ZnO nanorods. 利用氧化锌纳米棒改进废水中西维因农药的光催化分解。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2424088
Huong Pham Thi, Thi Thu Hien Chu, Minh Viet Nguyen

This study explores the enhanced photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-R) for degrading the carbaryl pesticide (CB) in wastewater. For comparison, commercial ZnO (ZnO-C) was used to evaluate the differences in the photocatalytic decomposition of CB between ZnO-R and ZnO-C. The results regarding the material properties demonstrated that ZnO-R enhances CB removal performance due to its unique rod shape, which extends light absorption and improves electron-hole separation. The removal rates of the carbaryl pesticide from the aqueous solution using ZnO-R and ZnO-C were 98.2% and 87.3%, respectively. Besides, the presence of other pesticides had a more negative impact on the performance of CB than inorganic contaminants. The degradation rates of CB using ZnO-R in wastewater were 99.8%, 68.2%, and 21.7% under UV, solar, and visible light, respectively. In addition, the degradation mechanism of CB using ZnO-R under UV light was proposed based on the n-type photocatalysis process. This work provides a method for selecting a suitable type of ZnO photocatalyst to control pesticide residue pollutants that are commonly found in agricultural activities.

本研究探讨了氧化锌纳米棒(ZnO-R)在降解废水中的西维因杀虫剂(CB)方面的增强光催化性能。为了进行比较,使用了商用氧化锌(ZnO-C)来评估 ZnO-R 和 ZnO-C 在光催化分解 CB 方面的差异。有关材料特性的研究结果表明,ZnO-R 由于其独特的棒状形状,延长了光吸收时间并改善了电子-空穴分离,因此提高了对西维因的去除性能。ZnO-R 和 ZnO-C 对水溶液中西维因农药的去除率分别为 98.2% 和 87.3%。此外,与无机污染物相比,其他农药的存在对 CB 性能的负面影响更大。在紫外线、太阳光和可见光下,使用 ZnO-R 对废水中的 CB 的降解率分别为 99.8%、68.2% 和 21.7%。此外,基于 n 型光催化过程,提出了利用 ZnO-R 在紫外光下降解 CB 的机理。这项工作为选择合适类型的氧化锌光催化剂来控制农业活动中常见的农药残留污染物提供了一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Root exudation of glyphosate in Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. 草甘膦在 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake 根部的渗出。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2422719
Rodrigo Eduardo Barros, Matheus Mendes Reis, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos, João Paulo Fernandes Tiago, Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes, Luan Mateus Silva Donato

Glyphosate stands out in the eucalyptus management, which makes it essential to know its behavior, its effects on the plant, and possible environmental impacts. This study aimed to identify and quantify the root exudation of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by Eucalyptus urophylla with chromatographic and biological methods. The five glyphosate doses were tested (0, 360, 720, 1080 and 1440 g a.e ha-1) on E. urophylla plants. The physiological and intoxication evaluations were performed after herbicide application. Water samples remaining from the pots were used for chemical quantification of root exudation of glyphosate and AMPA in high-performance liquid chromatography. Cucurbita pepo plants were used as bioindicators of glyphosate in the water remaining in the pots after applying herbicide. The increase in glyphosate doses promoted linear growth in E. urophylla intoxication and significantly reduced total dry mass and root production. E. urophylla plants had their photosynthetic, transpiratory, and stomatal conductance rates reduced as the herbicide doses increased. The AMPA root exudation was not detected, but it was possible to identify the presence of glyphosate by bioassay and chemical methods. Root exudation of glyphosate by eucalyptus can result in lesser herbicide action in plant control and cause contamination of deeper soil layers.

草甘膦在桉树管理中非常突出,因此了解其行为、对植物的影响以及可能对环境造成的影响至关重要。本研究旨在利用色谱法和生物法确定和量化草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸(AMPA)在桉树根部的渗出量。对草甘膦的五种剂量(0、360、720、1080 和 1440 g a.e ha-1)进行了测试。生理和中毒评估在施用除草剂后进行。盆中残留的水样通过高效液相色谱法对草甘膦和 AMPA 的根渗出量进行化学定量。葫芦科植物被用作施用除草剂后花盆剩余水中草甘膦的生物指示剂。草甘膦剂量的增加促进了 E. urophylla 的线性生长,并显著降低了总干质量和根的产量。随着除草剂剂量的增加,E. urophylla 植物的光合作用、蒸腾作用和气孔导率都有所降低。虽然没有检测到 AMPA 根渗出,但可以通过生物测定和化学方法确定草甘膦的存在。桉树根部渗出草甘膦会降低除草剂对植物的控制作用,并造成更深层土壤的污染。
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引用次数: 0
The exposure in ovo to glyphosate on the integrity of intestinal epithelial tight junctions of chicks. 草甘膦对雏鸡肠道上皮紧密连接完整性的影响。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2319006
Mohamed A Fathi, Dan Shen, Lu Luo, Yansen Li, Shaaban S Elnesr, Chunmei Li

Glyphosate is an ingredient widely used in various commercial formulations, including Roundup®. This study focused on tight junctions and the expression of inflammatory genes in the small intestine of chicks. On the sixth day of embryonic development, the eggs were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON, n = 60), the glyphosate group (GLYP, n = 60), which received 10 mg of active glyphosate/kg egg mass, and the Roundup®-based glyphosate group also received 10 mg of glyphosate. The results indicated that the chicks exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® exhibited signs of oxidative stress. Additionally, histopathological alterations in the small intestine tissues included villi fusion, complete fusion of some intestinal villi, a reduced number of goblet cells, and necrosis of some submucosal epithelial cells in chicks. Genes related to the small intestine (ZO-1, ZO-2, Claudin-1, Claudin-3, JAM2, and Occludin), as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-6), exhibited significant changes in the groups exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® compared to the control group. In conclusion, the toxicity of pure glyphosate or Roundup® likely disrupts the small intestine of chicks by modulating the expression of genes associated with tight junctions in the small intestine.

草甘膦是一种广泛用于各种商业制剂的成分,包括Roundup®。这项研究的重点是小鸡小肠的紧密连接和炎症基因的表达。在胚胎发育的第六天,鸡蛋被随机分配到三个组:对照组(CON,n = 60)、草甘膦组(GLYP,n = 60)(每千克鸡蛋质量中含有 10 毫克活性草甘膦)以及同样含有 10 毫克草甘膦的 Roundup® 草甘膦组。结果表明,接触草甘膦或 Roundup® 的雏鸡表现出氧化应激迹象。此外,小肠组织的组织病理学改变包括绒毛融合、部分肠绒毛完全融合、鹅口疮细胞数量减少以及部分粘膜下上皮细胞坏死。与小肠相关的基因(ZO-1、ZO-2、Claudin-1、Claudin-3、JAM2 和 Occludin)以及促炎细胞因子(IFNγ、IL-1β 和 IL-6)的水平在接触草甘膦或 Roundup® 的组别中与对照组相比发生了显著变化。总之,纯草甘膦或 Roundup® 的毒性可能通过调节小肠紧密连接相关基因的表达来破坏小鸡的小肠。
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引用次数: 0
Herbicide contamination of Batak plain agricultural soils and risk assessment. 巴塔克平原农业土壤的除草剂污染与风险评估。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2322900
Burak Polat, Osman Tiryaki

Herbicide residue levels were analyzed in agricultural soils of Batak plain and health risk assessments were made for relevant pesticides. Herbicide contamination levels were analyzed with the use of Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Herbicide-free soil samples were spiked at two different levels. Overall recovery of the method was 87.32%. Present findings were parallel to SANTE recovery limits. About 50% of collected samples from the study sites contained herbicides at different concentrations. Totally, eight herbicides were detected, and herbicide concentrations ranged between 1.085 and 1724.23 μg kg-1. Metolachlor had the highest concentration (1724.23 μg kg-1) in a sample taken close to the pesticide waste disposal area. Six herbicides were detected at different concentrations in the same sample. Persistent herbicides (terbuthylazine and pendimethalin) were detected in 35 samples. Risk assessments revealed that hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1. The greatest HQ values were identified for terbuthylazine as 2772.48 × 10-7 and 20793.61 × 10-7 for adults and children, respectively. The HI for all herbicides were 3916.05 × 10-7 for adult and 29370.39 × 10-7 for children.

对巴达克平原农业土壤中的除草剂残留水平进行了分析,并对相关农药进行了健康风险评估。采用快速、简便、高效、可靠、安全(QuEChERS)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)程序对除草剂污染水平进行了分析。对不含除草剂的土壤样品进行了两种不同水平的添加。该方法的总体回收率为 87.32%。目前的研究结果与 SANTE 回收率限值相当。在研究地点采集的样本中,约 50%含有不同浓度的除草剂。总共检测到八种除草剂,除草剂浓度介于 1.085 至 1724.23 μg kg-1 之间。在靠近农药废物处理区的一个样本中,甲草胺的浓度最高(1724.23 微克/千克-1)。在同一样本中检测到六种不同浓度的除草剂。在 35 个样本中检测到持久性除草剂(特丁基嗪和戊唑醇)。风险评估结果显示,危害指数(HI)和危害商数(HQ)均小于 1。所有除草剂的 HI 值成人为 3916.05 × 10-7 ,儿童为 29370.39 × 10-7。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing herbicide selection for pre-emergence control of itchgrass and cypressvine morningglory in sugarcane. 优化除草剂的选择,以便在萌芽前控制甘蔗中的痒草和柏藤牵牛花。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2352321
Rosilaine Araldi de Castro, Sérgio Gustavo Quassi de Castro, Saulo Augusto Quassi de Castro, Alexandre Piassa, Gabriella Onila do Nascimento Soares, Leandro Tropaldi, Pedro Jacob Christofoletti

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of herbicides in association to control Rottboellia exaltata and Ipomoea quamoclit during pre-emergence while also to evaluate the potential impact on the sugarcane. The experimental design employed a randomized block with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were: 1 - no herbicide application; 2 - indaziflam + sulfentrazone; 3 - indaziflam + diclosulam; 4 - indaziflam + tebuthiuron; 5 - flumioxazin + diclosulam, 6 - flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone and 7 - clomazone + sulfentrazone. The evaluated parameters were: percentage of weeds control, green coverage percentage (Canopeo® system), weed biomass (g m-2), itchgrass height, and sugarcane tiller. Several herbicide associations have been proven effective alternatives for managing itchgrass and cypressvine morningglory. The most successful treatments for itchgrass control were indaziflam + tebuthiuron (100%) and indaziflam + diclosulam (97%), whereas for cypressvine morningglory, the betters were indaziflam + sulfentrazone (97%), indaziflam + diclosulam (98%), indaziflam + tebuthiuron (97%), flumioxazin + diclosulam (94%), and clomazone + sulfentrazone (96%). All treatments reduced the weed biomass, with indaziflam + tebuthiuron being the safest option for protecting sugarcane.

本研究的目的是评估除草剂在萌芽前控制外稃草(Rottboellia exaltata)和藜芦(Ipomoea quamoclit)的效果,同时评估其对甘蔗的潜在影响。实验设计采用随机区组,有七个处理和四个重复。处理为1-不施用除草剂;2-茚虫威+磺草松;3-茚虫威+双唑草胺;4-茚虫威+特丁噻草隆;5-氟草胺+双唑草胺;6-氟草胺+吡嘧磺隆;7-氯马隆+磺草松。评估参数包括:杂草控制率、绿色覆盖率(Canopeo® 系统)、杂草生物量(克米-2)、痒草高度和甘蔗分蘖。几种除草剂组合已被证明是管理痒草和柏树牵牛花的有效替代品。控制痒痒草最成功的除草剂是茚虫威+特丁噻草隆(100%)和茚虫威+双唑草胺(97%),而对于柏藤牵牛花来说,最好的除草剂是茚虫威+特丁噻草隆(100%)和茚虫威+双唑草胺(97%)、茚虫威+磺草酮(97%)、茚虫威+双氯磺草胺(98%)、茚虫威+特丁硫隆(97%)、氟吡氧乙酸嗪+双氯磺草胺(94%)和氯马宗+磺草酮(96%)。所有处理都能减少杂草的生物量,其中茚虫威+特丁噻草隆是保护甘蔗最安全的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and characterization of AChE immobilized magnetic bio-nanocomposites (Fe3O4@Cht/Au) for pesticide detection. 用于农药检测的 AChE 固定化磁性生物纳米复合材料(Fe3O4@Cht/Au)的制备和表征。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2351779
Elvan Hasanoğlu Özkan, Nurdan Kurnaz Yetim, Mümin Mehmet Koç

Free enzymes cause difficulties in many applications due to their insufficient stability, loss of activity in a short time, and most importantly, although they are costly, they are used only once in reactions, lose their effect and cannot be recovered from the environment. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible polymeric material are potential candidates for promising enzyme carriers due to their multifunctional pore surfaces, easy removal from the environment provided by the magnetization, ability to main stability under various harsh conditions. This study prepared a biosensor candidate based on the inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme by organophosphate pesticides from chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles doped with gold. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the structure of synthesized nanocomposites. Magnetic characteristics of the nanocomposites were assessed using VSM. Bio-nanocomposite (Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE) was used to determine environmental pollutants qualitatively. Remediation of organophosphate-containing wastewater is an essential issue for environmental sustainability. In this work, Dichlorvos and Chlorpyrifos were selected as organic pollutants to assess the enzymatic activity of immobilized Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE. Optimum conditions for AChE enzyme were immobilized nanostructures (Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE) were determined. The optimum pH for the immobilized enzyme was found to be 8, and the optimum temperature was found to be 60 °C. Retained immobilized enzyme activity is found to be around 50% for the 20th reuse. In the presence of 150 µL pesticide, retained immobilized enzyme activity is found to be around 25%. Method validation was performed for pesticides. When using immobilized AChE, the LOD (limit of detection)-LOQ (limit of quantitation) values for Dichlorovos and Chlorpyrifos was obtained in the range of 0.0087-0.029 nM and 0.0014-0.0046 nM, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) values, which are indicators of precision, were found to be below 2%.

游离酶在许多应用中都会遇到困难,因为它们不够稳定,在短时间内就会失去活性,最重要的是,虽然它们成本高昂,但在反应中只能使用一次,就会失去作用,而且无法从环境中回收。包覆有生物相容性高分子材料的磁性纳米粒子具有多功能孔隙表面、磁化后易于从环境中清除、在各种恶劣条件下保持稳定等特点,因此有可能成为前景广阔的酶载体。本研究利用掺金的壳聚糖涂层磁性纳米粒子制备了一种基于有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用的候选生物传感器。透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射测定法和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了合成的纳米复合材料的结构。使用 VSM 评估了纳米复合材料的磁特性。生物纳米复合材料(Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE)用于定性检测环境污染物。对含有机磷废水进行补救是环境可持续发展的一个重要问题。本研究选择敌敌畏和毒死蜱作为有机污染物来评估固定化 Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE 的酶活性。确定了 AChE 酶固定化纳米结构(Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE)的最佳条件。发现固定化酶的最佳 pH 值为 8,最佳温度为 60 °C。在第 20 次重复使用时,发现固定化酶的保留活性约为 50%。在含有 150 µL 杀虫剂的情况下,固定化酶活性的保留率约为 25%。对杀虫剂进行了方法验证。使用固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶时,敌敌畏和毒死蜱的 LOD(检测限)-LOQ(定量限)值范围分别为 0.0087-0.029 nM 和 0.0014-0.0046 nM。作为精密度指标的相对标准偏差(RSD%)值低于 2%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of ph on migration patterns and degradation pathways of sulfamethazine in soil systems. ph 对磺胺甲基嘧啶在土壤系统中迁移模式和降解途径的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2363580
Xin Li, Haifang Wang, Zhumei Sun, Xia Cao, Junli Zhang, Qihua Chen, Rui Ma

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used antimicrobial agents in livestock and aquaculture, and most of them entering the animal's body will be released into the environment as prodrugs or metabolites, which ultimately affect human health through the food chain. Both acid deposition and salinization of soil may have an impact on the migration and degradation of antibiotics. Sulfamethazine (SM2), a frequently detected compound in agricultural soils, has a migration and transformation process in the environment that is closely dependent on environmental pH. Nevertheless, scarcely any studies have been conducted on the effect of soil pH changes on the environmental behavior of sulfamethazine. We analyzed the migration and degradation mechanisms of SM2 using simulation experiments and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) techniques. The results showed that acidic conditions limited the vertical migration of sulfadimidine, and SM2 underwent different reaction processes under different pH conditions, including S-C bond breaking, S-N bond hydrolysis, demethylation, six-membered heterocyclic addition, methyl hydroxylation and ring opening. The study of the migration pattern and degradation mechanism of SM2 under different pH conditions can provide a solid theoretical basis for assessing the pollution risk of sulfamethazine degradation products under acid rain and saline conditions, and provide a guideline for remediation of antibiotic contamination, so as to better prevent, control and protect groundwater resources.

磺胺类抗生素(SAs)是畜牧业和水产养殖业广泛使用的抗菌剂,进入动物体内的大部分抗生素会以原药或代谢物的形式释放到环境中,最终通过食物链影响人类健康。土壤的酸沉积和盐碱化都可能对抗生素的迁移和降解产生影响。磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)是农业土壤中经常检测到的一种化合物,其在环境中的迁移和转化过程与环境 pH 值密切相关。然而,有关土壤 pH 值变化对磺胺二甲嘧啶环境行为影响的研究却很少。我们利用模拟实验和超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术分析了 SM2 的迁移和降解机制。结果表明,酸性条件限制了磺胺二甲嘧啶的垂直迁移,SM2在不同的pH条件下发生了不同的反应过程,包括S-C键断裂、S-N键水解、去甲基化、六元杂环加成、甲基羟基化和开环。研究SM2在不同pH条件下的迁移规律和降解机理,可为评估酸雨和盐碱条件下磺胺甲基嘧啶降解产物的污染风险提供坚实的理论依据,为抗生素污染修复提供指导,从而更好地防控和保护地下水资源。
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引用次数: 0
Pesticide contamination pattern of surface water in an urban-agricultural mediterranean watershed (Wadi Guenniche, Bizerte Lagoon, Northern Tunisia). 地中海城市-农业流域地表水的农药污染模式(突尼斯北部比泽特泻湖 Wadi Guenniche)。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2375905
Olivier Grünberger, Radhouane Hamdi, Manon Lagacherie, Hanene Chaabane

Two years of monthly sampling and hydrological monitoring were performed at the outlet of a Mediterranean watershed in northern Tunisia to determine the contents of 469 pesticide active ingredients and metabolites in water and evaluate their behavior. Wadi Guenniche is a tributary of the Bizerte coastal lagoon, with a watershed area of 86 km2, which exhibits pluvial cereal, legume, and orchid cultivation and irrigated market gardening. Twenty-nine pesticide active ingredients and 2 metabolites were detected in water. Twenty-four pesticide active ingredients were authorized for use in Tunisia. Among them, 14 had never been mentioned in previous farmer surveys. Five herbicides and their metabolites were the most frequently detected: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (100%), glyphosate (94%), simazine (94%), 2,4-D (70%), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) (47%). The detection frequency and concentration range suggested that the phytosanitary pressure and resulting water contamination are close to those on the northern Mediterranean shore. These results, in addition to characterizing the pollution state, emphasized the need for additional studies on the use and fate of pesticides on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in Tunisia.

在突尼斯北部的一个地中海流域出口处进行了为期两年的月度采样和水文监测,以确定水中 469 种农药活性成分和代谢物的含量,并评估其行为。Wadi Guenniche 是 Bizerte 沿海泻湖的一条支流,流域面积为 86 平方公里,主要种植冲积谷物、豆类和兰花,并进行市场园艺灌溉。在水中检测到 29 种农药活性成分和 2 种代谢物。有 24 种农药活性成分获准在突尼斯使用。其中 14 种在以前的农民调查中从未提及。最常检测到的除草剂及其代谢物有五种:氨甲基膦酸 (AMPA)(100%)、草甘膦 (94%)、西玛津 (94%)、2,4-D (70%) 和脱异丙基萘 (DIA)(47%)。检测频率和浓度范围表明,植物检疫压力和由此造成的水污染与地中海北岸的情况接近。这些结果除了说明污染状况的特点外,还强调有必要对地中海南岸,特别是突尼斯的杀虫剂使用和归宿进行更多的研究。
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
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