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Root exudation of glyphosate in Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. 草甘膦在 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake 根部的渗出。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2422719
Rodrigo Eduardo Barros, Matheus Mendes Reis, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos, João Paulo Fernandes Tiago, Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes, Luan Mateus Silva Donato

Glyphosate stands out in the eucalyptus management, which makes it essential to know its behavior, its effects on the plant, and possible environmental impacts. This study aimed to identify and quantify the root exudation of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by Eucalyptus urophylla with chromatographic and biological methods. The five glyphosate doses were tested (0, 360, 720, 1080 and 1440 g a.e ha-1) on E. urophylla plants. The physiological and intoxication evaluations were performed after herbicide application. Water samples remaining from the pots were used for chemical quantification of root exudation of glyphosate and AMPA in high-performance liquid chromatography. Cucurbita pepo plants were used as bioindicators of glyphosate in the water remaining in the pots after applying herbicide. The increase in glyphosate doses promoted linear growth in E. urophylla intoxication and significantly reduced total dry mass and root production. E. urophylla plants had their photosynthetic, transpiratory, and stomatal conductance rates reduced as the herbicide doses increased. The AMPA root exudation was not detected, but it was possible to identify the presence of glyphosate by bioassay and chemical methods. Root exudation of glyphosate by eucalyptus can result in lesser herbicide action in plant control and cause contamination of deeper soil layers.

草甘膦在桉树管理中非常突出,因此了解其行为、对植物的影响以及可能对环境造成的影响至关重要。本研究旨在利用色谱法和生物法确定和量化草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸(AMPA)在桉树根部的渗出量。对草甘膦的五种剂量(0、360、720、1080 和 1440 g a.e ha-1)进行了测试。生理和中毒评估在施用除草剂后进行。盆中残留的水样通过高效液相色谱法对草甘膦和 AMPA 的根渗出量进行化学定量。葫芦科植物被用作施用除草剂后花盆剩余水中草甘膦的生物指示剂。草甘膦剂量的增加促进了 E. urophylla 的线性生长,并显著降低了总干质量和根的产量。随着除草剂剂量的增加,E. urophylla 植物的光合作用、蒸腾作用和气孔导率都有所降低。虽然没有检测到 AMPA 根渗出,但可以通过生物测定和化学方法确定草甘膦的存在。桉树根部渗出草甘膦会降低除草剂对植物的控制作用,并造成更深层土壤的污染。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing herbicide selection for pre-emergence control of itchgrass and cypressvine morningglory in sugarcane. 优化除草剂的选择,以便在萌芽前控制甘蔗中的痒草和柏藤牵牛花。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2352321
Rosilaine Araldi de Castro, Sérgio Gustavo Quassi de Castro, Saulo Augusto Quassi de Castro, Alexandre Piassa, Gabriella Onila do Nascimento Soares, Leandro Tropaldi, Pedro Jacob Christofoletti

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of herbicides in association to control Rottboellia exaltata and Ipomoea quamoclit during pre-emergence while also to evaluate the potential impact on the sugarcane. The experimental design employed a randomized block with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were: 1 - no herbicide application; 2 - indaziflam + sulfentrazone; 3 - indaziflam + diclosulam; 4 - indaziflam + tebuthiuron; 5 - flumioxazin + diclosulam, 6 - flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone and 7 - clomazone + sulfentrazone. The evaluated parameters were: percentage of weeds control, green coverage percentage (Canopeo® system), weed biomass (g m-2), itchgrass height, and sugarcane tiller. Several herbicide associations have been proven effective alternatives for managing itchgrass and cypressvine morningglory. The most successful treatments for itchgrass control were indaziflam + tebuthiuron (100%) and indaziflam + diclosulam (97%), whereas for cypressvine morningglory, the betters were indaziflam + sulfentrazone (97%), indaziflam + diclosulam (98%), indaziflam + tebuthiuron (97%), flumioxazin + diclosulam (94%), and clomazone + sulfentrazone (96%). All treatments reduced the weed biomass, with indaziflam + tebuthiuron being the safest option for protecting sugarcane.

本研究的目的是评估除草剂在萌芽前控制外稃草(Rottboellia exaltata)和藜芦(Ipomoea quamoclit)的效果,同时评估其对甘蔗的潜在影响。实验设计采用随机区组,有七个处理和四个重复。处理为1-不施用除草剂;2-茚虫威+磺草松;3-茚虫威+双唑草胺;4-茚虫威+特丁噻草隆;5-氟草胺+双唑草胺;6-氟草胺+吡嘧磺隆;7-氯马隆+磺草松。评估参数包括:杂草控制率、绿色覆盖率(Canopeo® 系统)、杂草生物量(克米-2)、痒草高度和甘蔗分蘖。几种除草剂组合已被证明是管理痒草和柏树牵牛花的有效替代品。控制痒痒草最成功的除草剂是茚虫威+特丁噻草隆(100%)和茚虫威+双唑草胺(97%),而对于柏藤牵牛花来说,最好的除草剂是茚虫威+特丁噻草隆(100%)和茚虫威+双唑草胺(97%)、茚虫威+磺草酮(97%)、茚虫威+双氯磺草胺(98%)、茚虫威+特丁硫隆(97%)、氟吡氧乙酸嗪+双氯磺草胺(94%)和氯马宗+磺草酮(96%)。所有处理都能减少杂草的生物量,其中茚虫威+特丁噻草隆是保护甘蔗最安全的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Pesticide contamination pattern of surface water in an urban-agricultural mediterranean watershed (Wadi Guenniche, Bizerte Lagoon, Northern Tunisia). 地中海城市-农业流域地表水的农药污染模式(突尼斯北部比泽特泻湖 Wadi Guenniche)。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2375905
Olivier Grünberger, Radhouane Hamdi, Manon Lagacherie, Hanene Chaabane

Two years of monthly sampling and hydrological monitoring were performed at the outlet of a Mediterranean watershed in northern Tunisia to determine the contents of 469 pesticide active ingredients and metabolites in water and evaluate their behavior. Wadi Guenniche is a tributary of the Bizerte coastal lagoon, with a watershed area of 86 km2, which exhibits pluvial cereal, legume, and orchid cultivation and irrigated market gardening. Twenty-nine pesticide active ingredients and 2 metabolites were detected in water. Twenty-four pesticide active ingredients were authorized for use in Tunisia. Among them, 14 had never been mentioned in previous farmer surveys. Five herbicides and their metabolites were the most frequently detected: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (100%), glyphosate (94%), simazine (94%), 2,4-D (70%), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) (47%). The detection frequency and concentration range suggested that the phytosanitary pressure and resulting water contamination are close to those on the northern Mediterranean shore. These results, in addition to characterizing the pollution state, emphasized the need for additional studies on the use and fate of pesticides on the southern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in Tunisia.

在突尼斯北部的一个地中海流域出口处进行了为期两年的月度采样和水文监测,以确定水中 469 种农药活性成分和代谢物的含量,并评估其行为。Wadi Guenniche 是 Bizerte 沿海泻湖的一条支流,流域面积为 86 平方公里,主要种植冲积谷物、豆类和兰花,并进行市场园艺灌溉。在水中检测到 29 种农药活性成分和 2 种代谢物。有 24 种农药活性成分获准在突尼斯使用。其中 14 种在以前的农民调查中从未提及。最常检测到的除草剂及其代谢物有五种:氨甲基膦酸 (AMPA)(100%)、草甘膦 (94%)、西玛津 (94%)、2,4-D (70%) 和脱异丙基萘 (DIA)(47%)。检测频率和浓度范围表明,植物检疫压力和由此造成的水污染与地中海北岸的情况接近。这些结果除了说明污染状况的特点外,还强调有必要对地中海南岸,特别是突尼斯的杀虫剂使用和归宿进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Herbicide contamination of Batak plain agricultural soils and risk assessment. 巴塔克平原农业土壤的除草剂污染与风险评估。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2322900
Burak Polat, Osman Tiryaki

Herbicide residue levels were analyzed in agricultural soils of Batak plain and health risk assessments were made for relevant pesticides. Herbicide contamination levels were analyzed with the use of Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Herbicide-free soil samples were spiked at two different levels. Overall recovery of the method was 87.32%. Present findings were parallel to SANTE recovery limits. About 50% of collected samples from the study sites contained herbicides at different concentrations. Totally, eight herbicides were detected, and herbicide concentrations ranged between 1.085 and 1724.23 μg kg-1. Metolachlor had the highest concentration (1724.23 μg kg-1) in a sample taken close to the pesticide waste disposal area. Six herbicides were detected at different concentrations in the same sample. Persistent herbicides (terbuthylazine and pendimethalin) were detected in 35 samples. Risk assessments revealed that hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1. The greatest HQ values were identified for terbuthylazine as 2772.48 × 10-7 and 20793.61 × 10-7 for adults and children, respectively. The HI for all herbicides were 3916.05 × 10-7 for adult and 29370.39 × 10-7 for children.

对巴达克平原农业土壤中的除草剂残留水平进行了分析,并对相关农药进行了健康风险评估。采用快速、简便、高效、可靠、安全(QuEChERS)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)程序对除草剂污染水平进行了分析。对不含除草剂的土壤样品进行了两种不同水平的添加。该方法的总体回收率为 87.32%。目前的研究结果与 SANTE 回收率限值相当。在研究地点采集的样本中,约 50%含有不同浓度的除草剂。总共检测到八种除草剂,除草剂浓度介于 1.085 至 1724.23 μg kg-1 之间。在靠近农药废物处理区的一个样本中,甲草胺的浓度最高(1724.23 微克/千克-1)。在同一样本中检测到六种不同浓度的除草剂。在 35 个样本中检测到持久性除草剂(特丁基嗪和戊唑醇)。风险评估结果显示,危害指数(HI)和危害商数(HQ)均小于 1。所有除草剂的 HI 值成人为 3916.05 × 10-7 ,儿童为 29370.39 × 10-7。
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引用次数: 0
The exposure in ovo to glyphosate on the integrity of intestinal epithelial tight junctions of chicks. 草甘膦对雏鸡肠道上皮紧密连接完整性的影响。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2319006
Mohamed A Fathi, Dan Shen, Lu Luo, Yansen Li, Shaaban S Elnesr, Chunmei Li

Glyphosate is an ingredient widely used in various commercial formulations, including Roundup®. This study focused on tight junctions and the expression of inflammatory genes in the small intestine of chicks. On the sixth day of embryonic development, the eggs were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON, n = 60), the glyphosate group (GLYP, n = 60), which received 10 mg of active glyphosate/kg egg mass, and the Roundup®-based glyphosate group also received 10 mg of glyphosate. The results indicated that the chicks exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® exhibited signs of oxidative stress. Additionally, histopathological alterations in the small intestine tissues included villi fusion, complete fusion of some intestinal villi, a reduced number of goblet cells, and necrosis of some submucosal epithelial cells in chicks. Genes related to the small intestine (ZO-1, ZO-2, Claudin-1, Claudin-3, JAM2, and Occludin), as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-6), exhibited significant changes in the groups exposed to glyphosate or Roundup® compared to the control group. In conclusion, the toxicity of pure glyphosate or Roundup® likely disrupts the small intestine of chicks by modulating the expression of genes associated with tight junctions in the small intestine.

草甘膦是一种广泛用于各种商业制剂的成分,包括Roundup®。这项研究的重点是小鸡小肠的紧密连接和炎症基因的表达。在胚胎发育的第六天,鸡蛋被随机分配到三个组:对照组(CON,n = 60)、草甘膦组(GLYP,n = 60)(每千克鸡蛋质量中含有 10 毫克活性草甘膦)以及同样含有 10 毫克草甘膦的 Roundup® 草甘膦组。结果表明,接触草甘膦或 Roundup® 的雏鸡表现出氧化应激迹象。此外,小肠组织的组织病理学改变包括绒毛融合、部分肠绒毛完全融合、鹅口疮细胞数量减少以及部分粘膜下上皮细胞坏死。与小肠相关的基因(ZO-1、ZO-2、Claudin-1、Claudin-3、JAM2 和 Occludin)以及促炎细胞因子(IFNγ、IL-1β 和 IL-6)的水平在接触草甘膦或 Roundup® 的组别中与对照组相比发生了显著变化。总之,纯草甘膦或 Roundup® 的毒性可能通过调节小肠紧密连接相关基因的表达来破坏小鸡的小肠。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation and characterization of AChE immobilized magnetic bio-nanocomposites (Fe3O4@Cht/Au) for pesticide detection. 用于农药检测的 AChE 固定化磁性生物纳米复合材料(Fe3O4@Cht/Au)的制备和表征。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2351779
Elvan Hasanoğlu Özkan, Nurdan Kurnaz Yetim, Mümin Mehmet Koç

Free enzymes cause difficulties in many applications due to their insufficient stability, loss of activity in a short time, and most importantly, although they are costly, they are used only once in reactions, lose their effect and cannot be recovered from the environment. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible polymeric material are potential candidates for promising enzyme carriers due to their multifunctional pore surfaces, easy removal from the environment provided by the magnetization, ability to main stability under various harsh conditions. This study prepared a biosensor candidate based on the inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme by organophosphate pesticides from chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles doped with gold. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the structure of synthesized nanocomposites. Magnetic characteristics of the nanocomposites were assessed using VSM. Bio-nanocomposite (Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE) was used to determine environmental pollutants qualitatively. Remediation of organophosphate-containing wastewater is an essential issue for environmental sustainability. In this work, Dichlorvos and Chlorpyrifos were selected as organic pollutants to assess the enzymatic activity of immobilized Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE. Optimum conditions for AChE enzyme were immobilized nanostructures (Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE) were determined. The optimum pH for the immobilized enzyme was found to be 8, and the optimum temperature was found to be 60 °C. Retained immobilized enzyme activity is found to be around 50% for the 20th reuse. In the presence of 150 µL pesticide, retained immobilized enzyme activity is found to be around 25%. Method validation was performed for pesticides. When using immobilized AChE, the LOD (limit of detection)-LOQ (limit of quantitation) values for Dichlorovos and Chlorpyrifos was obtained in the range of 0.0087-0.029 nM and 0.0014-0.0046 nM, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) values, which are indicators of precision, were found to be below 2%.

游离酶在许多应用中都会遇到困难,因为它们不够稳定,在短时间内就会失去活性,最重要的是,虽然它们成本高昂,但在反应中只能使用一次,就会失去作用,而且无法从环境中回收。包覆有生物相容性高分子材料的磁性纳米粒子具有多功能孔隙表面、磁化后易于从环境中清除、在各种恶劣条件下保持稳定等特点,因此有可能成为前景广阔的酶载体。本研究利用掺金的壳聚糖涂层磁性纳米粒子制备了一种基于有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用的候选生物传感器。透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射测定法和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了合成的纳米复合材料的结构。使用 VSM 评估了纳米复合材料的磁特性。生物纳米复合材料(Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE)用于定性检测环境污染物。对含有机磷废水进行补救是环境可持续发展的一个重要问题。本研究选择敌敌畏和毒死蜱作为有机污染物来评估固定化 Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE 的酶活性。确定了 AChE 酶固定化纳米结构(Fe3O4@Cht/Au/AChE)的最佳条件。发现固定化酶的最佳 pH 值为 8,最佳温度为 60 °C。在第 20 次重复使用时,发现固定化酶的保留活性约为 50%。在含有 150 µL 杀虫剂的情况下,固定化酶活性的保留率约为 25%。对杀虫剂进行了方法验证。使用固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶时,敌敌畏和毒死蜱的 LOD(检测限)-LOQ(定量限)值范围分别为 0.0087-0.029 nM 和 0.0014-0.0046 nM。作为精密度指标的相对标准偏差(RSD%)值低于 2%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of ph on migration patterns and degradation pathways of sulfamethazine in soil systems. ph 对磺胺甲基嘧啶在土壤系统中迁移模式和降解途径的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2363580
Xin Li, Haifang Wang, Zhumei Sun, Xia Cao, Junli Zhang, Qihua Chen, Rui Ma

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used antimicrobial agents in livestock and aquaculture, and most of them entering the animal's body will be released into the environment as prodrugs or metabolites, which ultimately affect human health through the food chain. Both acid deposition and salinization of soil may have an impact on the migration and degradation of antibiotics. Sulfamethazine (SM2), a frequently detected compound in agricultural soils, has a migration and transformation process in the environment that is closely dependent on environmental pH. Nevertheless, scarcely any studies have been conducted on the effect of soil pH changes on the environmental behavior of sulfamethazine. We analyzed the migration and degradation mechanisms of SM2 using simulation experiments and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) techniques. The results showed that acidic conditions limited the vertical migration of sulfadimidine, and SM2 underwent different reaction processes under different pH conditions, including S-C bond breaking, S-N bond hydrolysis, demethylation, six-membered heterocyclic addition, methyl hydroxylation and ring opening. The study of the migration pattern and degradation mechanism of SM2 under different pH conditions can provide a solid theoretical basis for assessing the pollution risk of sulfamethazine degradation products under acid rain and saline conditions, and provide a guideline for remediation of antibiotic contamination, so as to better prevent, control and protect groundwater resources.

磺胺类抗生素(SAs)是畜牧业和水产养殖业广泛使用的抗菌剂,进入动物体内的大部分抗生素会以原药或代谢物的形式释放到环境中,最终通过食物链影响人类健康。土壤的酸沉积和盐碱化都可能对抗生素的迁移和降解产生影响。磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)是农业土壤中经常检测到的一种化合物,其在环境中的迁移和转化过程与环境 pH 值密切相关。然而,有关土壤 pH 值变化对磺胺二甲嘧啶环境行为影响的研究却很少。我们利用模拟实验和超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术分析了 SM2 的迁移和降解机制。结果表明,酸性条件限制了磺胺二甲嘧啶的垂直迁移,SM2在不同的pH条件下发生了不同的反应过程,包括S-C键断裂、S-N键水解、去甲基化、六元杂环加成、甲基羟基化和开环。研究SM2在不同pH条件下的迁移规律和降解机理,可为评估酸雨和盐碱条件下磺胺甲基嘧啶降解产物的污染风险提供坚实的理论依据,为抗生素污染修复提供指导,从而更好地防控和保护地下水资源。
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引用次数: 0
Vortex-assisted dispersive low-density liquid-liquid microextraction of xanthydrol derivatized acrylamide in processed chips and water samples for gas chromatographic analysis. 涡流辅助分散低密度液-液微萃取加工薯片和水样中的黄腐醇衍生丙烯酰胺,用于气相色谱分析。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2416333
Anuwat Ratsamisomsi, Chookiat Khongsiri, Prapin Wilairat, Warawut Tiyapongpattana

Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen present in heat-processed foods and environmental contaminants, requires sample extraction and preconcentration before chromatographic analysis. The method developed in this study employed derivatization with xanthydrol and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction utilizing low-density anisole. Durian or potato chips were combined with deionized water, defatted with hexane, and subjected to precipitation of soluble carbohydrates and proteins using clarification reagents. Water samples were filtered through a membrane filter. Acrylamide was derivatized by introducing an acidic methanolic solution of xanthydrol at 50 °C. The derivatized acrylamide was extracted with 70 µL of anisole and vortexed, with the methanol from the xanthydrol solution serving as the disperser solvent. The anisole layer was analyzed using gas chromatography with both flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Linear calibration plots exhibited coefficients of determination >0.9997. The precision was measured at <10% RSD, and recoveries ranged from 84% to 107%. The quantitation limit varied from 2 to 10 µg kg-1 for processed chips and from 0.05 to 0.10 µg L-1 for water samples. Acrylamide was detected in all processed chip samples, with some concentrations exceeding the benchmark value of 750 μg kg-1. However, no acrylamide was identified in any of the water samples.

丙烯酰胺是一种可能致癌的物质,存在于热加工食品和环境污染物中,在进行色谱分析之前需要对样品进行提取和预浓缩。本研究开发的方法采用了黄原酸衍生化技术和低密度苯甲醚分散液-液微萃取技术。将榴莲或薯片与去离子水混合,用正己烷脱脂,并使用澄清试剂沉淀可溶性碳水化合物和蛋白质。水样经膜过滤器过滤。在 50 °C下引入黄腐醇的酸性甲醇溶液,对丙烯酰胺进行衍生。用 70 µL 的苯甲醚萃取衍生化的丙烯酰胺,然后涡旋,用黄原醇溶液中的甲醇作为分散溶剂。使用火焰离子化和质谱检测的气相色谱法对苯甲醚层进行分析。线性校准图显示测定系数大于 0.9997。加工薯片的精确度为-1,水样的精确度为 0.05 至 0.10 µg L-1。在所有加工过的薯片样品中都检测到了丙烯酰胺,其中一些浓度超过了 750 微克/千克的基准值。不過,所有水樣本均沒有驗出丙烯酰胺。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of organotin compounds in food: increasing challenge of phenyltin compounds. 食品中有机锡化合物的出现:增加苯基锡化合物的挑战。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2278385
Yan Li, Xuezhe Huang, Na Ge, Jinjie Zhang, Yanzhong Cao, Zongyan Cui

Concentrations and distribution for 16 organotin compounds were studied in all kinds of foods, including seafood, agricultural products, and wine. Meanwhile, the degradation of the TBT or TPhT was also evaluated. Concentrations of total organotins in seafood, agricultural products, and wine were 1047.2, 469.4, and 13.5 μg Sn/kg. Meanwhile, the most frequently detected organotin in three kinds of samples were TPhT, MPhT, and MPhT, respectively. The results demonstrated that phenyltin may probably become an emerging organotin pollutant. Regarding seafood, organotin concentrations of fish and mollusks were much higher than those of crustaceans. At the same time, a significant positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of TBT and MBT (p < 0.05), and between DBT and MBT(p < 0.0001). Moreover, TPhT was significantly and positively associated with DPhT (p < 0.0001), suggesting that TPhT was the precursor of DPhT. Apart from the likely illegal use of OTs as biocides in antifouling paints for ships, anthropogenic activity like agricultural activity or industrial activity also caused organotin contamination. Further research and more effective measures should be formulated to protect the food safety. Meanwhile, monitoring of the organotin contamination should not only in Qinhuangdao, but also expand to the cities along Bohai Bay.

研究了16种有机锡化合物在各种食品中的浓度和分布,包括海鲜、农产品和葡萄酒。同时对TBT和TPhT的降解进行了评价。海产品、农产品和葡萄酒中总有机锡的浓度分别为1047.2、469.4和13.5 μ Sn/kg。同时,三种样品中检出最多的有机锡分别为TPhT、MPhT和MPhT。结果表明,苯基锡有可能成为一种新兴的有机锡污染物。海产品中,鱼类和软体动物的有机锡浓度远高于甲壳类。同时,TBT浓度与MBT (p p p p)呈显著正相关
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引用次数: 0
Microbiome analyses of poultry feeds: Part II. Comparison of different poultry feeds. 家禽饲料的微生物组分析:第二部分。不同家禽饲料的比较。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2361596
E G Olson, D K Dittoe, A C Micciche, D A Stock, P M Rubinelli, Michael J Rothrock, S C Ricke

Within the realm of poultry feed mill operations, the persistent concern over microbial feed quality necessitates the establishment of a robust baseline for enhancing and sustaining the standards of commercial feeds. This dual-phase investigation, comprising Parts I, was previously published, and the current study presented here as Part II aimed to illuminate this baseline using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In Part II, nine distinct commercial poultry feeds formulated as starters, growers, starter/growers, or supplements, the selected feeds underwent genomic DNA extraction, amplification with custom dual-indexed primers, and subsequent Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Through data analysis in QIIME2-2021.4 and R Studio, the study unveils alpha (Kruskal-Wallis) and beta (ANOSIM) diversity, taxonomic differences (ANCOM), and core microbiomes (core_members), deeming main and pairwise effects statistically significant at p < 0.05 and Q < 0.05. Notably, the investigation identified 30% common core microbial members across the nine feed types, shedding light on potential foodborne poultry pathogens such as Helicobacter and Campylobacter. Probiotic-associated feeds exhibited distinct microbial communities, emphasizing the need to explore their impact on the early poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) further.

在家禽饲料厂的运营中,微生物饲料质量问题一直备受关注,因此有必要为提高和维持商业饲料的标准建立一个可靠的基准。这项调查分为两个阶段,第一部分已经发表,目前的研究是第二部分,旨在利用 16S rRNA 基因测序阐明这一基线。在第二部分中,九种不同的商业家禽饲料被配制成开胃料、生长料、开胃料/生长料或补充料,所选饲料经过基因组 DNA 提取、定制的双索引引物扩增以及随后的 Illumina MiSeq 测序。通过在 QIIME2-2021.4 和 R Studio 中进行数据分析,该研究揭示了α(Kruskal-Wallis)和β(ANOSIM)多样性、分类差异(ANCOM)和核心微生物组(core_members),认为主效应和配对效应在 Q 型螺旋杆菌和弯曲杆菌的 p 值上具有统计学意义。与益生菌相关的饲料表现出不同的微生物群落,强调了进一步探索其对早期家禽胃肠道(GIT)影响的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
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