Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes最新文献

Isopyrazam (IPZ) is one of the broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs). Although the potential bio-toxicity of SDHIs has been reported hourly, the specific effects focused on the cardiovascular system have remained unclear and piecemeal. Thus, we chose IPZ as a representative to observe the cardiovascular toxicity of SDHIs in zebrafish. Two types of transgenic zebrafish, Tg (cmlc2:GFP) and Tg (flk1:GFP) were used in this study. Healthy embryos at 6 hpf were exposed to IPZ solutions. The statistical data including survival rate, hatching rate, malformed rate, and morphological and functional parameters of the cardiovascular system at 48 hpf and 72 hpf demonstrated that IPZ could cause abnormalities and cardiovascular defects such as spinal curvature, dysmotility, pericardial edema, pericardial hemorrhage, and slowed heart rate, etc. At the same time, the activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress was altered with IPZ. Our results revealed that IPZ-induced cardiovascular toxicity and oxidative stress might be one of the underlying toxic mechanisms.

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of how Tulipa luanica adapts to growth in soil with higher concentrations of heavy metals and to assess potential toxic effects using various biomarkers, in comparison to Tulipa kosovarica, a typical serpentine species. For this purpose, we analyzed the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the soil, as well as their accumulation in plants and their associated stress effects. The results indicate that, despite the presence of some metals in very high concentrations in the soil (Al, Fe, Mn, and Ni), they are translocated in minimal amounts within plant organs, particularly in T. luanica. Nearly all metals exhibited significantly higher concentrations in T. kosovarica when compared to T. luanica. Based on the analysis of biomarkers, it is apparent that T. luanica shows greater sensitivity to these conditions. This is evident through the decreased activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and levels of δ-aminolevulinic acid, malondialdehyde, and glutathione observed in T. luanica. It appears that T. luanica effectively restricts the absorption of metals in serpentine soils; however, it experiences oxidative stress induced by these metals, setting it apart from the more resilient T. kosovarica.

Campylobacter growth kinetic parameters can be used to refine the sensitivity and efficiency of microbial growth-based methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct growth curves for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in pure culture and calculate growth kinetics for each Campylobacter species in the same environmental conditions. Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari were grown over 48 h and inoculated into 15 mL Hungate tubes (N = 3 trials per species; 5 biological replicates per trial; 3 species; 1 strain per species). Absorbance measurements were taken in 45 min intervals over 24 h. Optical density readings were plotted versus time to calculate growth kinetic parameters. C. jejuni exhibited the longest lag phase (p < 0.001) at 15 h 20 min ± 30 min, versus C. coli at 11 h 15 min ± 17 min, and C. lari at 9 h 27 min ± 15 min. The exponential phase duration was no longer than 5 h for all species, and doubling times were all less than 1h 30 min. The variation in growth kinetics for the three species of Campylobacter illustrates the importance of determining individual Campylobacter spp. growth responses for optimizing detection based on low bacterial levels. This study provides kinetics and estimates to define enrichment times necessary for low concentration Campylobacter detection.

This paper evaluates linear and nonlinear regression analysis to describe the empirical adsorption kinetics using pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models. These models have been used to characterize the performance of adsorbents for environmental remediation and environmental modeling. Data were simulated using the PFO and PSO models with 1, 2, and 5% noise levels and fitted by nonlinear and linearized PFO and PSO equations. Nonlinear regression analysis provided rate constants and adsorption capacities with better accuracy than linearization. Besides the correlation coefficient, Chi-square and residual plot analysis helped choose the proper model to describe the adsorbent efficiency and validate the results. Both models and the NLR fitting were employed to reevaluate data obtained in our research group, including the adsorption of Hg(II) on thiol-modified vermiculite, glyphosate on soils rich in aluminum and iron oxides, phosphate on Fe(III) polyhydroxy cations modified montmorillonite, and paraquat on soil and vermiculite. While fitting the simulated data indicates an unequivocal and correct kinetic model, fitting the experimental data is not straightforward, suggesting mixed models rule the adsorption and that a large number of data points, especially at the initial steps of adsorption, provided by high throughput analysis, help to improve the kinetic modeling.

This study aims to determine the optimal strategy and driving factors of the critical nodes of pesticide packaging waste recycling by constructing the recycling process of "village collection-town transport-county management." Counties, towns, and villages are the central nodes of collection, coordination, and communication in the recycling process. Their strategy selection and influencing factor analysis are related to the development of recycling. The county processing center, township transit center, and village recycling center were selected to construct a game model, and strategy and parameter assumptions were made to obtain the optimal strategy combination. The results showed that strict supervision, professional transportation and strict implementation are the best strategies for counties, towns and villages, respectively. Simulation analysis confirmed that factors such as cost, reward restricted the strategy selection of each subject. The higher the supervision, transport, and input costs, the lower the enthusiasm of counties, towns, and villages to participate in recycling, respectively. Reasonable control of reward could help each participant choose a stable strategy. The study provided the idea of a pilot before promotion for the government and emphasized the importance of controlling incentive policies and relative costs to improve the recycling process of pesticide packaging waste.

Cresols and chlorophenols are chemical contaminants that are potentially toxic to humans and can be found in sewage sludge. These chemical contaminants can migrate into the sludge-soil-water system when sludge is used as a conditioner for agricultural soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop methodologies based on extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) to determine cresols and chlorophenols in sewage sludge, soil, and water. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The validated methods were applied to monitor cresols and chlorophenols in a column-leaching study of a sludge-soil-water system. Satisfactory results were achieved for selectivity, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, and precision. In the column leaching study, only 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was quantified in sludge samples after 20 days of the experiment. None of the studied compounds were quantified in soil and leached water samples, due to the degradation promoted by the microorganisms present in the sewage sludge. Finally, validated methods were suitable for monitoring cresols and chlorophenols in the sludge-soil-water system.

The present study assessed the removal of fenamiphos, imidacloprid, and oxamyl pesticides from water using algal Nannochloropsis oculata biomass. Several factors, such as algal biomass concentration, incubation time, and pesticide concentration, were studied for their impact on pesticide removal. Analysis and quantification of pesticides by rapid HPLC have been developed and validated. The optimum conditions were obtained at 15 min, 50 mg/L of pesticide concentration, and 4,500 mg/L of the algal biomass with 92.24% and 90.43% removal for fenamiphos and imidacloprid, respectively. While optimum parameters of 10 min incubation, 250 mg/L of pesticide concentration, and 2,750 mg/L of the algal biomass exhibited 67.34% removal for oxamyl. N. oculata, marine microalgae, successively removed different concentrations of the tested pesticides from water, and the algal biomass showed a potential reduction of pesticides in polluted water samples.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of Raman spectroscopy for pre-diagnostic estimation of weed response to bleaching herbicides. Model plants were Chenopodium album and Abutilon theophrasti treated with mesotrione (120 g a.i. ha^-1). Raman single-point measurements were taken 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after herbicide application from different points on the leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out on data normalized by the highest intensity band at 1522 cm^-1 and using spectral region from 950 to 1650 cm^-1 comprising mainly contributions of carotenoids. The carotenoids by intensive band at ∼1522 cm^-1 and bands with lower intensity at ∼1155 and 1007 cm^-1 in treated plants were confirmed. According to PC1 (the first principal component) and PC2 (the second principal component), the highest intensity bands responsible for treatment differentiation in C. album could be assigned to chlorophyll, lignin, and carotenes. According to PC1 in A. theophrasti leaves the treatment differences could be observed 7 days after mesotrione treatment and PC2 gave a clear separation between all control and treated leaf samples. Raman spectroscopy may be a good complement to invasive analytical methods, in assessing the plant abiotic stress induced by bleaching herbicides.

Micro-Multiple Reflection ATR (CMRATR) spectroscopy is a technique, using specialized equipment, which allows the enhanced sensitivity of multiple reflection ATR analysis of small amounts of liquids in a confined area hitherto reserved for single reflection equipment. This technique has demonstrated a high level of sensitivity, especially when used in conjunction with an evaporative technique. In this work, the technique will be used with a miniature CMRATR accessory, which has the added advantage of compatibility with the smallest current FTIR spectrometers, to analyze pesticides. The results presented here indicate that the CMRATR/evaporative technique can serve as both qualitative and quantitative support to the existing standard methodology.

This study was conducted to assess pesticide residues in 34 water and sediment samples taken from Kumkale Plain of Çanakkale-Turkey. Residue analyses were performed with the use of Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS)-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. For method verification, blank sediment and water samples were spiked at two limits of quantification (LOQ) levels of the pesticides. Overall recovery was 81.66% for sediment and 91.50% for water samples. In sediment samples, chlorpyrifos-M had the highest concentration, pyridaben was encountered in the majority of the samples (15 samples) and the highest number of pesticides (35) was seen in sample no. s13. In water samples, methoxyfenozide had the greatest concentration, metalaxyl was encountered in the highest number of samples (three samples) and the highest number of pesticide (8) was seen in sample no.w13. Sample no. s13 and w13 were taken from around the fountain basin. Pyraclostrobin and chlorantraniliprole residues exceeded the national limits set for water. In terms of hazard quotient (HQ), pesticides in sediment and waters were found to be safe. Despite the safe nature of pesticide on samples, greater attention has been paid on toxicity of the residues. It was concluded that authorities should put strict regulations on agrochemicals to reduce health risks of these chemicals.