Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes最新文献

Effective weed management is essential for maximizing sugarcane productivity, with pre-emergence herbicides representing a fundamental strategy for controlling weed infestations. The study evaluates the efficacy of flumioxazin, alone and combined with other herbicides, for weed control in sugarcane. A greenhouse experiments assessed control of various weed species: Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Urochloa decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, Merremia aegyptia, Merremia cissoides, and Ipomoea triloba. The completely randomized 9 × 5 factorial design with four replications with nine herbicide treatments and five sowing intervals, applied in pots containing a dystrophic Red Latosol. Evaluations included percentage control at 35 d after application (DAA) and reduction in dry mass. Results showed flumioxazin alone had variable efficacy, with high initial effectiveness but significant decline over time. In contrast, combinations such as flumioxazin + metribuzin and flumioxazin + diclosulam maintained high efficacy (>90%) throughout all periods. Flumioxazin + isoxaflutole was initially effective but diminished after 20 DAA. Combinations with herbicides of similar half-lives, like metribuzin, suggested synergistic effects, while pairings with longer half-life herbicides, like imazapic, complemented flumioxazin's action. Mixtures of flumioxazin with other herbicides effectively reduced weed dry mass, highlighting the advantage of herbicide combinations for sustained and efficient weed management in sugarcane cultivation. This study emphasizes the importance of herbicide combinations in overcoming management challenges and selecting appropriate herbicides for diverse field conditions.

Pesticide dislodgeable foliar residues (DFR) and their dissipation half-time (DT₅₀) after application are important parameters for exposure and risk assessment from intended reentry activities or unintended dermal contact with treated crops. To understand the impact of agronomic factors on residue level a statistical based evaluation was conducted using ten DFR studies, with pyrimethanil applied in Scala^® to strawberries, raspberries, peppers, apples, and grapes, 30 trials in total. Influences on initial DFR (DFR0) and DT₅₀ were investigated by multivariate linear regression analysis. The application rate and the crop itself indicate a potential influence on DFR0 when related to ground area applied which is not notable for three dimensional crops regardless of indoor/outdoor cultivation, when related to leaf wall area (LWA). DFR0 values for pyrimethanil do not depend on the number of applications as the range of DT₅₀ values determined for pyrimethanil is consistently small (0.3-2.3 days). All DT₅₀ are significantly lower than the European default (30 days). The noted difference in DT50 of peppers to strawberries is likely attributable to indoor cultivation. A proposal is made how to refine the exposure assessment of pyrimethanil making use of the available DFR0 and DT₅₀ data for other crop types.

A novel thiourea-linked benzothiazole derivative TH1 was synthesized and systematically characterized for its dual-functional application in sensing and antimicrobial activity. The compound exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg²⁺ ions, with a clear fluorescence quenching ("turn-off") response upon binding due to formation of TH1-Hg(II) complex. The probe demonstrated a remarkably low detection limit of 0.019 ppm, making it suitable for trace-level mercury detection. Interference studies confirmed its high selectivity, and practical applicability was validated by testing blood serum and various real water samples including river, pond, lake, river and drinking water as well as soil sample with percent recovery rates ranging from 89.0 ± 0.54% to 102.0 ± 0.74%, confirming its reliability and accuracy in complex environmental matrices. Beyond its sensing capabilities, the benzothiazole-thiourea TH1 and complex TH1-Hg(II) also showed promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Both ligand and its complex effectively inhibited the growth of bacterial and fungal strains, producing well-defined zones of inhibition. This dual-functionality, highly sensitive Hg²⁺ detection and notable antibacterial performance, positions the TH1 as a strong candidate for multifunctional applications in environmental monitoring and biomedical fields.

Agriculture represents a cornerstone of the Algerian economy. To sustain agricultural production, fungicides, including the Bordeaux mixture, a copper (Cu)-based fungicide, are used extensively. The amounts applied, along with the frequency of their use in the absence of adequate regulatory oversight, raise significant concerns. Bou-Ismaïl Bay receives this compound through runoff and urban discharge. Cu is essential at low doses; however, at higher levels, it can cause serious toxicity. Here, 120 sardines were sampled from Bou-Ismaïl Bay in February and May 2023. Cu concentrations in the tissues were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses were conducted using R version 4.3.2. The results revealed a significant difference between the tissues. Concentrations ranged from 0.581 to 9.032 µg/g in the gills and from 0.378 to 1.543 µg/g in the muscle. The maximum Cu concentrations in the gills in February and May indicate chronic contamination of the marine environment. The Cu content in sardines was closely linked to the extent of agricultural land using the Bordeaux mixture. The absence of international maximum permissible levels of Cu specifically for sardines increases the potential risk of consumer overexposure. This regulatory gap, combined with the limited research on Cu's effects in coastal populations, represents a significant concern.

This study examines the individual and combined effects of mesosulfuron methyl and iodosulfuron methyl on herbicide degradation, leaching, and soil enzymatic and microbial activities. Results showed that the combination of both herbicides enhanced their dissipation and increased their vertical mobility in the soil. Mesosulfuron methyl was more persistent in the soil compared to iodosulfuron methyl. When applied together, the herbicides reached higher concentrations at lower soil depths and in leachates than when applied individually. Mesosulfuron methyl caused the greatest suppression of microbial and enzymatic activities (75.68-92.35% up to 90 days), followed by iodosulfuron methyl (66.7-72.99% up to 45 days). The combined application resulted in the least inhibition (45.77-56.45% up to 21 days). After the initial suppression, microbial and enzymatic activities gradually recovered as the toxic effects of the herbicides diminished. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBRv2) values indicated that mesosulfuron methyl had a stronger impact on soil activities compared to iodosulfuron methyl. However, the combination of both herbicides exhibited an antagonistic effect, suggesting that their combined use could reduce the adverse effects on soil health. The study highlights further investigation into the long-term impacts of herbicide combinations and the development of sustainable guidelines for their agricultural use.

This study focusses on isolation of myo inositol crystals from rice bran (Oryza sativa. indica, Indian variety) an agricultural by-product, using an acid hydrolysis process optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained crystals were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). XRD analysis revealed a well-defined crystalline structure with a dominant diffraction peak at 31.74°, indicating high crystallinity. FTIR spectra verified the presence of characteristic hydroxyl and C-O functional groups of myo inositol. HPLC analysis demonstrated approximately 80% purity. The ¹H-NMR spectroscopy was employed to analyze the structural identity of the isolated myo inositol crystals. The spectrum exhibited the characteristic four signal groups with relative intensities of 1:2:2:1, consistent with the molecular symmetry of myo inositol (C₆H₁₂O₆). Proton assignments based on chemical shifts and coupling patterns (H2-H4-H6-H1-H3-H5) corresponded closely with previously reported spectra, confirming successful isolation of structurally pure myo inositol. This study presents a simple and efficient method for recovering myo inositol from Oryza sativa. indica bran, offering a sustainable approach to valorize agro-industrial waste for potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Phenanthrene is classified as a priority environmental pollutant because of its impact on the environment and on human health as a mutagenic and carcinogenic agent. The aim of this study was isolated and identified new bacteria with the capability to degrade phenanthrene from Reynosa, Mexico. Achromobacter insolitus, Bacillus cereus, and Microbacterium thalassium had high tolerant to phenanthrene (250 mg L^-1). Biodegradation experiments in liquid culture evidenced that Bacillus cereus strain Sneb1168 degraded 48.58% of phenanthrene at 500 mg L^-1 after 32 days. Remarkably, in the soil system, B. cereus degraded 72.9% of phenanthrene at 250 mg kg^-1 dw. These results highlight the potential of B. cereus strain Sneb1168 to be used as an agent for the remotion of phenanthrene from contaminated soils.

A method for estimation of residues of spirotetramat, tetraniliprole and their metabolites in tomato was validated using QuEChERs extraction with acetonitrile followed by estimation with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with coefficient of determination (R²) ≥ 0.99. The untreated samples of tomato and soil fortified with tetraniliprole, spirotetramat and their metabolites at three levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 µg g^-1, gave a recovery in the range of 72-91% with relative standard deviation, RSD ≤ 8.0%. Combination product (Tetraniliprole 120 g L^-1 + Spirotetramat 240 g L^-1 SC) was applied thrice at 375 and 469 g a. i. ha^-1 dosages at 7 d interval in tomato, from fruit setting stage. Half-life of total tetraniliprole at lower and higher doses was 5.65 and 7.46 d, while that for spirotetramat in tomato were 2.16 and 2.17 d. The waiting periods calculated were 4.72 and 11.97 d for total tetraniliprole and 1.11 and 1.24 d for spirotetramat in tomato. The risk assessment of the residues revealed that the combination product applied at lower and higher doses in tomato did not pose any risk to humans, even when consumed on the same day of application and hence can be safely recommended for management of pest complex in tomato under Indian conditions.

Yeast fermentate (YF) products possess postbiotic properties, which potentially impact gut microbial activities. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing a commercial YF product (ProBiotein^®, PB) in commercial broiler diets on cecal microbial activity, using metabolomic analysis. Birds were supplied ad libitum a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with either 0.75% sand or diets with 0.00% PB, 0.20% PB; 0.50% PB; 0.75% PB substituted for sand. Untargeted metabolomics were incorporated to evaluate similarities and dissimilarities in the cecal metabolome of broilers fed control with no YF and those fed YF diets. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that the YF product had a greater influence on the cecal metabolome than the control diet. For example, profiles of fatty acid and methionine associated metabolites were different in the 0.5YF group compared with the control group. In addition, significant modulations were detected in pathways of sphingolipid, purine and arachidonic acid metabolism. These results reveal that YF products have significant effects on early broiler cecal microbial metabolism. Further research into the effects of feed amendments at different phases of the production cycle may help the poultry industry design strategies for improving bird performance and address potential food safety issues.