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Influence of nutrient, toxic metal and herbicide contents on the soil bacterial communities in tropical vegetable growing areas. 养分、有毒金属和除草剂含量对热带蔬菜种植区土壤细菌群落的影响。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2301117
Daniele Rodrigues Barbosa, Ana Luiza da Rocha Fortes Saraiva, Karen Caroline Ferreira Santaren, Camila da Costa Barros de Souza, Erica Souto Abreu Lima, Irene da Silva Coelho, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho

The relationship between bacterial diversity and the bioavailability of nutrients, toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a tropical vegetable growing area was evaluated. The study was conducted in a vegetable growing area located in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and samples were collected in areas of vegetable cultivation and areas of environmental reserve. Fertility analyses and determination of the pseudototal levels of toxic metals in the soil samples were performed. The profile of the soil bacterial community was determined by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and separation by DGGE. The results showed that the levels of toxic metals and elements associated with soil fertility were higher in vegetable production areas. These differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil favored the presence of a greater number of OTUs in the cultivation areas (17.3-27 OTUs) than in the areas of environmental reserve (13-22 OTUs). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the presence of toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen and the increase in fertility in soils in areas with intensive vegetable cultivation resulting from the intensive management adopted in these areas promotes a differentiation of the bacterial profiles in soils in tropical vegetable growing areas.

研究评估了热带蔬菜种植区细菌多样性与营养物质、有毒金属和除草剂氧氟草醚的生物利用率之间的关系。研究在里约热内卢(巴西)山区的一个蔬菜种植区进行,在蔬菜种植区和环境保护区采集了样本。对土壤样本进行了肥力分析和有毒金属假总含量测定。通过扩增 16S rRNA 基因和 DGGE 分离,确定了土壤细菌群落的概况。结果表明,蔬菜生产区的有毒金属含量和与土壤肥力相关的元素含量较高。土壤物理和化学特征的这些差异有利于种植区(17.3-27 个 OTU)比环境保留区(13-22 个 OTU)存在更多的 OTU。因此,本研究表明,有毒金属和除草剂氧氟草醚的存在,以及蔬菜密集种植区因采用集约化管理而导致土壤肥力增加,促进了热带蔬菜种植区土壤细菌谱的分化。
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引用次数: 0
Adsorption of imazamox in California agricultural soils and implications for branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) management. 咪鲜胺在加利福尼亚农业土壤中的吸附作用及其对支链扫帚草(Phelipanche ramosa)管理的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2406123
Matthew Fatino, Katie Martin, Franck Dayan, Bradley D Hanson

Results of previous research on chemigated imazamox for control of branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) in processing tomatoes suggested potential soil-type differences in imazamox availability. Over two years, there were differences in crop-injury between two sites less than 30-km apart: imazamox-treated tomatoes in the Davis location had relatively minor early season injury while tomatoes at the Woodland location were severely injured or killed. The following study was conducted to investigate imazamox sorption in four California soils to determine if differences in herbicide adsorption played a role in variable crop-injury observed in the field trials. To determine the sorption capacity of imazamox of each soil, a batch-equilibrium study was conducted. There were significant differences in sorbed imazamox: the clay soil had the highest adsorption (Robert's Island: 742.5 pg µL-1 sorbed), followed by the sandy loam soil (Ripon: 723.9 pg µL-1 sorbed), while the loam soils from both trial sites (Davis: 704.2 pg µL-1 sorbed; Woodland: 699.9 pg µL-1 sorbed) had the lowest adsorption and were not significantly different from one another. Results from this study illustrate only minor differences in imazamox adsorption among the soils tested which suggests that soil type was likely not a major factor contributing to differences in crop-injury.

之前对化学灌溉咪鲜胺用于控制加工番茄中的支链扫帚霉(Phelipanche ramosa)的研究结果表明,在咪鲜胺的可用性方面可能存在土壤类型差异。在两年的时间里,相距不到 30 公里的两个地点的作物受害情况存在差异:戴维斯地点的西红柿在早期季节受到的咪鲜胺伤害相对较轻,而伍德兰地点的西红柿则受到严重伤害或死亡。以下研究旨在调查咪草烟在加利福尼亚州四种土壤中的吸附情况,以确定除草剂吸附性的差异是否是造成田间试验中观察到的不同作物受害情况的原因。为了确定每种土壤对咪草烟的吸附能力,进行了一项间歇平衡研究。吸附的咪鲜胺存在明显差异:粘土的吸附量最高(罗伯特岛:742.5 皮克微升/升),其次是沙壤土(里彭:723.9 皮克微升/升),而两个试验点的壤土(戴维斯:704.2 皮克微升/升;伍德兰:699.9 皮克微升/升)的吸附量最低,且相互之间没有明显差异。这项研究的结果表明,所测试的土壤在咪鲜胺吸附性方面只有微小差异,这表明土壤类型可能不是造成作物伤害差异的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
The light intensity in the cultivation environment and the impact of glyphosate on plants of the Urochloa genus. 栽培环境中的光照强度和草甘膦对 Urochloa 属植物的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2381934
Victor Augustus Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Luan Mateus Silva Donato, Murilo Antônio Oliveira Ruas, José Ângeles Moreira de Oliveira, Richardson Fernandes de Souza, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos

The variation in light within the environment triggers morphophysiological changes in plants and can lead to distinct responses in sun-exposed or shaded plants to glyphosate. The response of Urochloa genotypes subjected to desiccation with 2160, 1622.4, 1080, 524.4, 273.6, and 0.0 g ha-1 of glyphosate was evaluated in full sun and shade conditions. Cayana grass, mulato II grass, and sabiá grass - hybrids recently launched on the market, in addition to palisade grass and congo grass were evaluated. Under full sun, we achieved control of congo grass using 1080 g ha-1 of glyphosate, while the other grasses required 2160 g ha-1. In the low-light environment, sabiá grass was effectively controlled with 524.4 g ha-1 of glyphosate, but the other grasses needed 273.6 g ha-1. In shading, compared to full sun, the savings with glyphosate were 75 and 76% for the control of congo grass and sabiá grass, respectively, and 87% for palisade grass, mulato II grass and cayana grass. Increasing glyphosate doses leads to a decline in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and in the electron transport rate, especially in the shade. Urochloa genotypes are more sensitive to glyphosate in the shade, which must be considered when determining the herbicide dose.

环境中的光照变化会引发植物的形态生理变化,并导致暴露在阳光下或被遮蔽的植物对草甘膦产生不同的反应。在全日照和遮荫条件下,评估了 Urochloa 基因型对 2160、1622.4、1080、524.4、273.6 和 0.0 g ha-1 草甘膦干燥的反应。除了 Palisade 草和 congo 草之外,还对最近上市的杂交种 Cayana 草、mulato II 草和 sabiá 草进行了评估。在阳光充足的条件下,我们使用 1080 克/公顷的草甘膦对刚果草进行了控制,而其他草种则需要 2160 克/公顷的草甘膦。在弱光环境下,使用 524.4 克/公顷草甘膦可有效控制沙比利草,而其他草种则需要 273.6 克/公顷。与全日照相比,在遮光环境下,使用草甘膦控制刚果草和沙比利草的效果分别为 75% 和 76%,控制帕利色草、木兰二号草和卡亚那草的效果为 87%。草甘膦剂量的增加导致光系统 II 的量子效率和电子传输速率下降,尤其是在阴凉处。Urochloa 基因型在阴凉处对草甘膦更为敏感,在确定除草剂剂量时必须考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid colorimetric assay based on the oxidation of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt for nitrite detection in meat products. 基于 2,2-叠氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉)-6-磺酸二铵盐氧化作用的快速比色测定法,用于检测肉制品中的亚硝酸盐。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2297639
Jongjit Jantra, Supattra Arsawiset, Siriwan Teepoo, Kanchalar Keeratirawee

This work developed a rapid colorimetric method for nitrite detection in meat products. The detection was based on the reaction of nitrite with 60 mM HCl to produce radicals which further oxidized ABTS (50 µM) to form a water-soluble blue-green product (ABTS•+). The absorbance was measured at a maximum absorption wavelength of 412.5 nm. Parameters such as concentration of HCl, concentration of ABTS and reaction time were evaluated. The absorbance was linearly proportional to the concentration of nitrite (0.1-20 µM) with the limit of detection of 0.34 µM. The proposed method was a time-saving assay since it required only 2 min to complete one measurement. There was no effect of the interference produced by other ions. The assay was robust with 2.5%RSD (n = 50). In meat product samples, high accuracy was observed with the recoveries between 100 ± 2.2% and 105 ± 3.7%. The amount of nitrite in meat products detected by the ABTS method was found in the range of 5.41 - 7.62 mg/kg. The conventional Griess method was applied to determine nitrite in the same meat products. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.05).

这项研究开发了一种快速比色法,用于检测肉制品中的亚硝酸盐。检测方法是亚硝酸盐与 60 mM HCl 反应产生自由基,自由基进一步氧化 ABTS(50 µM)形成水溶性蓝绿色产物(ABTS-+)。吸光度在最大吸收波长 412.5 纳米处测量。对盐酸浓度、ABTS 浓度和反应时间等参数进行了评估。吸光度与亚硝酸盐浓度(0.1-20 µM)成线性关系,检测限为 0.34 µM。所提议的方法是一种省时的检测方法,因为只需 2 分钟即可完成一次测量。该方法不受其他离子的干扰。检测结果稳定,RSD 为 2.5%(n = 50)。在肉制品样品中,该方法的准确度很高,回收率在 100 ± 2.2% 和 105 ± 3.7% 之间。ABTS 法检测到的肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量为 5.41 - 7.62 mg/kg。用传统的格里耶斯法测定相同肉制品中的亚硝酸盐含量。两种方法在统计学上没有明显差异(P = 0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of atrazine, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in soils collected from two contrasting crop rotations in Southwest Chaco, Argentina. 阿特拉津、草甘膦和 2,4-D 在阿根廷西南查科两种截然不同的轮作土壤中的降解情况。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2305596
Johana I Luzzi, Virginia C Aparicio, Eduardo De Geronimo, Alejandra Ledda, Veronica M Sauer, José L Costa

Argentina stands as one of the leading consumers of herbicides. In a laboratory incubation experiment, the persistence and production of degradation metabolites of Atrazine, 2,4-D, and Glyphosate were investigated in a loamy clay soil under two contrasting agricultural practices: continuous soybean cultivation (T1) and intensified rotations with grasses and legumes (T2). The soils were collected from a long-term no-till trial replicating the influence of the meteorological conditions in the productive region. The soil was enriched with diluted concentrations of 6.71, 9.95, and 24 mg a.i./kg-1 of soil for the respective herbicides, equivalent to annual doses commonly used in the productive region. Samples were taken at intervals of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days, and analysis was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography UPLC MS/MS. An optimal fit to the first-order kinetic model was observed for each herbicide in both rotations, resulting in relatively short half-lives. Intensified crop sequences favored the production of biotic degradation metabolites. The impact of the high frequency of soybean cultivation revealed a trend of soil acidification and a reduced biological contribution to attenuation processes in soil contamination.

阿根廷是除草剂的主要消费国之一。在一项实验室培养实验中,研究了阿特拉津、2,4-D 和草甘膦在两种截然不同的农业耕作方式下(连续种植大豆(T1)和加强与禾本科植物和豆科植物的轮作(T2)),在壤质粘土中的持久性和降解代谢物的产生情况。这些土壤是从一项长期免耕试验中采集的,该试验复制了丰产地区气象条件的影响。土壤中添加了浓度分别为 6.71、9.95 和 24 毫克活性成分/千克-1 的稀释除草剂,相当于丰产地区常用的年剂量。每隔 0 天、0.5 天、1 天、2 天、4 天、6 天、8 天、16 天、32 天和 64 天采集一次样本,并使用高分辨率液相色谱 UPLC MS/MS 进行分析。在两种轮作模式中,每种除草剂都与一阶动力学模型达到了最佳拟合,因此半衰期相对较短。密集种植有利于生物降解代谢物的产生。高频率种植大豆的影响揭示了土壤酸化的趋势,以及生物对土壤污染衰减过程的贡献减少。
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引用次数: 0
Slaughterhouse by-products composting: can microorganisms inoculum addition mitigate final compost odor emission? 屠宰场副产品堆肥:添加微生物接种物能否减轻最终堆肥的气味排放?
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2312063
Marina J Batista-Barwinski, Nicolli Butzke-Souza, Ramaiana Radetski-Silva, Frankie Tiegs, Rosane Laçoli, Giorgini A Venturieri, Paul Richard M Miller, Joaquim O Branco, Rafael Ariente-Neto, Claudemir M Radetski

Small slaughterhouses generate biowaste, which for economic reasons, is generally destined for composting. Inoculating appropriate microorganisms can improve biodegradation efficiency and mitigate odor generation during the composting process and can give rise to composts with neutral or pleasant odors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the odor intensity reduction of compost generated with and without a formulated inoculum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). A set of experimental data was collected and analyzed according to the German "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure" odor protocol. The results showed that adding microorganisms was effective in reducing unpleasant odors in all three composts generated from swine, cattle, and poultry slaughterhouse by-products during both summer and winter seasons. Additionally, soil odor was predominant in composts that were inoculated in the two tested seasons (i.e., summer and winter). On the other hand, composts without inoculation had odors similar to peat for swine compost, ammonia for cattle compost, and manure for poultry compost, regardless of the season tested. Overall, composting process with appropriate inoculum can help in the correct disposal of slaughterhouse wastes by transforming organic matter into composts, which can have economic and environmental value as a soil conditioner and/or fertilizer.

小型屠宰场会产生生物垃圾,出于经济原因,这些生物垃圾一般都要进行堆肥处理。接种适当的微生物可以提高生物降解效率,减轻堆肥过程中产生的臭味,并产生中性或宜人气味的堆肥。因此,本研究的目的是比较使用和不使用配方接种物(酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和淡水红假单胞菌)产生的堆肥的气味强度降低情况。根据德国 "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure "气味协议,收集并分析了一组实验数据。结果表明,在夏季和冬季,添加微生物能有效减少猪、牛和家禽屠宰场副产品产生的三种堆肥中的难闻气味。此外,在两个测试季节(即夏季和冬季)接种的堆肥中,土壤气味占主导地位。另一方面,未接种的堆肥无论在哪个季节测试,其气味都类似于猪堆肥中的泥炭味、牛堆肥中的氨味和家禽堆肥中的粪便味。总之,使用适当的接种物进行堆肥处理有助于正确处理屠宰场废物,将有机物质转化为堆肥,作为土壤改良剂和/或肥料具有经济和环境价值。
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引用次数: 0
Concentration and health risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in cosmetic and personal care products. 化妆品和个人护理产品中的全氟和多氟烷基物质的浓度和健康风险评估。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2384234
Sasipin Keawmanee, Pitchaya Piyaviriyakul, Narin Boontanon, Sonthinee Waiyarat, Suratsawadee Sukeesan, Jira Kongpran, Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are toxicologically concerning because of their potential to bioaccumulate and their persistence in the environment and the human body. We determined PFAS levels in cosmetic and personal care products and assessed their health risks. We investigated the trends in concentrations and types of PFAS contaminants in cosmetic and personal care products before and after perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were added to the list of persistent organic pollutants. The total PFAS concentration ranged from 1.98 to 706.75 ng g-1. The hazard quotients (HQs) for PFOA, PFOS and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) were lower than 1, indicating no appreciable risk to consumers. Assuming the simultaneous use of all product types and the worst-case scenario for calculations, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) also had hazard indices lower than 1. We found that adverse effects are unlikely to occur when each type of cosmetic is used separately, or even when all product types are used together. Nevertheless, the persistence and bioaccumulation characteristics of additional PFAS present in cosmetics continue to be a cause for concern. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term impacts of using such cosmetics and the associated risks to human health.

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 具有生物累积潜力,并且在环境和人体中具有持久性,因此在毒理学上令人担忧。我们测定了化妆品和个人护理产品中的 PFAS 含量,并对其健康风险进行了评估。我们调查了在全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)被列入持久性有机污染物名单前后,化妆品和个人护理产品中 PFAS 污染物的浓度和种类的变化趋势。全氟辛烷磺酸的总浓度介于 1.98 至 706.75 纳克 g-1 之间。全氟辛酸、全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟丁烷磺酸的危害商数均低于 1,表明对消费者没有明显风险。假定同时使用所有类型的产品并按最坏情况进行计算,全氟烷基羧酸和全氟烷基磺酸的危害指数也低于 1。我们发现,单独使用每种类型的化妆品,甚至同时使用所有类型的产品,都不太可能产生不良影响。尽管如此,化妆品中其他全氟辛烷磺酸的持久性和生物累积特性仍然令人担忧。有必要开展进一步研究,以调查使用此类化妆品的长期影响以及对人类健康的相关风险。
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引用次数: 0
Physicochemical characteristics, mycoflora and aflatoxins in corn grown and stored in Northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. 墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州北部种植和储存的玉米的理化特性、霉菌和黄曲霉毒素。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2422718
Hadassa Y Martínez-Padrón, Jesús G García-Olivares, Ma Gricelda Vázquez-Carrillo, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez, Arturo G Valdivia-Flores, Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado

In northern Tamaulipas, México, the contamination of corn by toxigenic fungi reduces grain production and quality. Corn contaminated by mycotoxins puts humans and livestock at risk. Continuous monitoring of the sanitary quality of grain at harvest and in storage will define preventive and corrective strategies for contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. In this work, we identified toxigenic fungi associated with corn grown and stored in northern Tamaulipas, identified and quantified aflatoxins and their relationships with the physicochemical characteristics of the grain, and identified the main genes responsible for aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Fungal incidence was evaluated in vitro, aflatoxin production was evaluated via HPLC, and physicochemical traits were evaluated via spectrophotometry. Three genera were identified: Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium; the latter had the highest incidence in both 2011 and 2012. The incidence was higher in 2012 (82.3%) than in 2011 (4.5%), and storage did not affect the incidence. Associations among fungal incidences and physicochemical traits were significant and intermediate in both years. AFB1 production was negatively associated with hectoliter weight, and total fungal incidence was positively related to the incidence of Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus and negatively related to the flotation index. AFB1 was detected in 13.18% of the samples, with values ranging from 3.4881.33 ppb upon receipt and from 4.3245.92 ppb after storage. Two samples exceeded the allowed limits for Mexico (20 ppb). The aflD and aflQ genes were detected in 52.1 and 56.3%, respectively, of the A. flavus isolates.

在墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州北部,玉米受到有毒真菌的污染,降低了粮食产量和质量。受霉菌毒素污染的玉米会给人类和牲畜带来风险。对收获和储存过程中的谷物卫生质量进行持续监测,可以确定霉菌毒素污染的预防和纠正策略。在这项工作中,我们确定了与塔毛利帕斯州北部种植和储存的玉米有关的致毒真菌,鉴定并量化了黄曲霉毒素及其与谷物理化特性的关系,还确定了黄曲霉中产生黄曲霉毒素的主要基因。真菌发病率在体外进行评估,黄曲霉毒素产量通过高效液相色谱法进行评估,理化特性通过分光光度法进行评估。确定了三个菌属:镰刀菌属、曲霉属和青霉属;后者在 2011 年和 2012 年的发病率最高。2012 年的发病率(82.3%)高于 2011 年(4.5%),贮藏对发病率没有影响。真菌发病率与理化性状之间的关系在这两年都很显著,且处于中间状态。AFB1 产量与百升重呈负相关,真菌总发生率与青霉、镰刀菌和曲霉的发生率呈正相关,与浮选指数呈负相关。在 13.18% 的样品中检测到了 AFB1,接收时的检测值为 3.4881.33 ppb,储存后的检测值为 4.3245.92 ppb。有两个样本超过了墨西哥的允许限值(20 ppb)。52.1% 和 56.3% 的黄曲霉分离物中分别检测到了 aflD 和 aflQ 基因。
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic, lead and cadmium concentration in food and estimated daily intake in the Cuban population and the health risks using a Total Diet Study. 利用 "总膳食研究 "得出的古巴人口食物中砷、铅和镉的浓度和估计日摄入量及其健康风险。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2306108
Luisbel González-Pérez de Medina, Ociel Muñoz-Fariña, Yenisleidys Fernández-Guerrero, Analese Roman-Benn, José M Bastias-Montes, Roberto Quevedo-León, María Cristina Ravanal

This study estimates the intake of arsenic, lead and cadmium by the adult population (aged 18-91) of Cuba. The food consumption indices were obtained through 24-h dietary recall surveys applied to 450 people between October 2020 and March 2021. The Estimated Dietary Intake (EDI) of t-As (54.6 μg/day), Pb (118.5 μg/day) and Cd (35.1 μg/day) complied with Cuban legislation but was higher than the EDI for Cd established by the CONTAM Panel. The Target Hazard Quotients for the three contaminants were: iAs (0.220), Pb (0.409) and Cd (0.424), making the value of the Total Target Hazard Quotient 1.05, which indicates potential health risks for the population. Additionally, associated carcinogenic risks were: iAs (1.0·10-4), Pb (7.2·10-4) and Cd (25.9·10-4). Therefore, 10, 72 and 259 persons per 100,000 inhabitants are likely prone to developing cancer due to the ingestion of iAs, Pb and Cd, respectively.

本研究估算了古巴成年人口(18-91 岁)的砷、铅和镉摄入量。食物消费指数是通过 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 3 月期间对 450 人进行的 24 小时膳食回忆调查获得的。t-As(54.6 微克/天)、Pb(118.5 微克/天)和 Cd(35.1 微克/天)的估计膳食摄入量(EDI)符合古巴法律规定,但高于 CONTAM 小组确定的 Cd 估计膳食摄入量。三种污染物的目标危害商数分别为:碘砷(0.220)、铅(0.409)和镉(0.424),使总目标危害商数达到 1.05,这表明对人体健康存在潜在风险。此外,相关的致癌风险为:碘砷(1.0-10-4)、铅(7.2-10-4)和镉(25.9-10-4)。因此,每 10 万居民中分别有 10 人、72 人和 259 人可能因摄入砷、铅和镉而罹患癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Ecotoxicological soil risk assessment under the new soil exposure framework - an impact assessment. 新土壤暴露框架下的生态毒理学土壤风险评估--影响评估。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2319005
Agnes Schimera, Sebastian Multsch, Olga I Guevara Montemayor, Philip Branford, Melanie Bottoms, Sian Ellis, Gregor Ernst, Stefania Loutseti, Michael T Marx, David Patterson, Amanda Sharples, Frank Staab, Bernhard Gottesbueren

For the European risk assessment (RA) for soil organisms exposed to plant protection products (PPPs) endpoints from ecotoxicological laboratory studies are compared with predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECSOIL) at first tier. A safety margin must be met; otherwise, a higher tier RA is triggered (usually soil organism field studies). A new tiered exposure modeling guidance was published by EFSA to determine PECSOIL. This work investigates its potential impact on future soil RA. PECSOIL values for >50 active substances and metabolites were calculated and compared with the respective endpoints for soil organisms to calculate the RA failure rate. Compared to the current (FOCUS) exposure modeling, PECSOIL values for all EU regulatory zones considerably increased, e.g., resulting in active substance RA failure rates of 67%, 58% and 36% for modeling Tier-1, Tier-2 and Tier-3A, respectively. The main driving factors for elevated PECSOIL were soil bulk density, crop interception and wash-off, next to obligatory modeling and scenario adjustment factors. Spatial PECSOIL scenario selection procedures result in agronomically atypical soil characteristics (e.g., soil bulk density values in Tier-3A scenarios far below typical European agricultural areas). Consequently, exposure modeling and ecotoxicological study characteristics are inconsistent, which hinders scientifically reasonable comparison of both in the RA.

欧洲对接触植物保护产品(PPPs)的土壤生物进行风险评估(RA)时,会将生态毒理学实验室研究的终点与土壤中的预测环境浓度(PECSOIL)进行第一级比较。必须满足安全系数,否则将触发更高级别的 RA(通常是土壤生物实地研究)。欧洲食品安全局发布了新的分级暴露建模指南,以确定 PECSOIL。这项工作研究了其对未来土壤 RA 的潜在影响。计算了 >50 种活性物质和代谢物的 PECSOIL 值,并将其与相应的土壤生物终点进行比较,以计算 RA 失败率。与当前的(FOCUS)暴露建模相比,所有欧盟监管区的 PECSOIL 值都大幅增加,例如,导致一级、二级和三级 A 建模的活性物质 RA 失败率分别为 67%、58% 和 36%。PECSOIL 升高的主要驱动因素是土壤容重、作物截流和冲刷,其次是强制性建模和情景调整因素。空间 PECSOIL 情景选择程序会导致非典型土壤特征(例如,Tier-3A 情景中的土壤容重值远远低于典型的欧洲农业区)。因此,暴露建模和生态毒理学研究的特征并不一致,这妨碍了在 RA 中对两者进行科学合理的比较。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
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