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Adsorption of imazamox in California agricultural soils and implications for branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) management. 咪鲜胺在加利福尼亚农业土壤中的吸附作用及其对支链扫帚草(Phelipanche ramosa)管理的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2406123
Matthew Fatino, Katie Martin, Franck Dayan, Bradley D Hanson

Results of previous research on chemigated imazamox for control of branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) in processing tomatoes suggested potential soil-type differences in imazamox availability. Over two years, there were differences in crop-injury between two sites less than 30-km apart: imazamox-treated tomatoes in the Davis location had relatively minor early season injury while tomatoes at the Woodland location were severely injured or killed. The following study was conducted to investigate imazamox sorption in four California soils to determine if differences in herbicide adsorption played a role in variable crop-injury observed in the field trials. To determine the sorption capacity of imazamox of each soil, a batch-equilibrium study was conducted. There were significant differences in sorbed imazamox: the clay soil had the highest adsorption (Robert's Island: 742.5 pg µL-1 sorbed), followed by the sandy loam soil (Ripon: 723.9 pg µL-1 sorbed), while the loam soils from both trial sites (Davis: 704.2 pg µL-1 sorbed; Woodland: 699.9 pg µL-1 sorbed) had the lowest adsorption and were not significantly different from one another. Results from this study illustrate only minor differences in imazamox adsorption among the soils tested which suggests that soil type was likely not a major factor contributing to differences in crop-injury.

之前对化学灌溉咪鲜胺用于控制加工番茄中的支链扫帚霉(Phelipanche ramosa)的研究结果表明,在咪鲜胺的可用性方面可能存在土壤类型差异。在两年的时间里,相距不到 30 公里的两个地点的作物受害情况存在差异:戴维斯地点的西红柿在早期季节受到的咪鲜胺伤害相对较轻,而伍德兰地点的西红柿则受到严重伤害或死亡。以下研究旨在调查咪草烟在加利福尼亚州四种土壤中的吸附情况,以确定除草剂吸附性的差异是否是造成田间试验中观察到的不同作物受害情况的原因。为了确定每种土壤对咪草烟的吸附能力,进行了一项间歇平衡研究。吸附的咪鲜胺存在明显差异:粘土的吸附量最高(罗伯特岛:742.5 皮克微升/升),其次是沙壤土(里彭:723.9 皮克微升/升),而两个试验点的壤土(戴维斯:704.2 皮克微升/升;伍德兰:699.9 皮克微升/升)的吸附量最低,且相互之间没有明显差异。这项研究的结果表明,所测试的土壤在咪鲜胺吸附性方面只有微小差异,这表明土壤类型可能不是造成作物伤害差异的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Sol-gel and Pechini niobium modified: synthesis, characterization and application in the 2,4-D herbicide degradation. 溶胶凝胶和 Pechini 改性铌:合成、表征及在 2,4-D 除草剂降解中的应用。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2290428
Yuri B Fávaro, Maria E K Fuziki, Michel Z Fidelis, Eduardo Abreu, Angelo M Tusset, Rodrigo Brackmann, Giane G Lenzi

In this work, a comparison was made between the synthesis of niobium-based materials (Nb2O5), both in terms of material characterization and catalytic performance. The methods used were chemical mixtures: modified sol-gel and Pechini. The materials were calcined at different temperatures (753, 873 and 993K) and characterized by the following techniques: photoacousticspectroscopy (PAS), zero charge point (pHPZC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic process was carried out to evaluate the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under UV radiation (250 W mercury vapor lamp) and different experimental conditions. In addition, to better understand the influence of parameters such as pH, catalyst concentration (0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 g L-1) and calcination temperature, a Design of Experiments (DoE) was used. The results indicated that despite having similar structures and phases in the XRD analysis, the morphology presents two distinct surfaces, due to the preparation method. Differences in the synthesis method affected the catalytic activity in the parameters studied. Although the zero charge point values are close (6.18-6.36), we observed differences in the band gap depending on the calcination temperature. In the optimal condition studied, the catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method obtained the best results.

在这项工作中,对铌基材料(Nb2O5)的合成方法进行了比较,包括材料特性和催化性能。使用的方法是化学混合物:改良溶胶-凝胶法和 Pechini 法。材料在不同温度(753、873 和 993K)下煅烧,并通过以下技术进行表征:光声光谱(PAS)、零电荷点(pHPZC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、热重分析(TGA/DTG)和 X 射线衍射(XRD)。在紫外线辐射(250 W 汞蒸气灯)和不同的实验条件下,进行了光催化过程,以评估 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的降解情况。此外,为了更好地了解 pH 值、催化剂浓度(0.2、0.5 和 0.8 g L-1)和煅烧温度等参数的影响,还采用了实验设计法(DoE)。结果表明,尽管在 XRD 分析中具有相似的结构和相,但由于制备方法的不同,其形态呈现出两种截然不同的表面。合成方法的不同影响了所研究参数的催化活性。虽然零电荷点值很接近(6.18-6.36),但我们观察到带隙随煅烧温度的不同而不同。在所研究的最佳条件下,溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂获得了最好的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Biological effects of a copper-based fungicide on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. 铜基杀菌剂对果蝇的生物学效应
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2347167
G S Rieder, D C Zamberlan, M Aschner, L F O Silva, J B T da Rocha

The increased consumption of pesticides can have a negative environmental impact by increasing the essential metals to toxic levels. Bordasul® is a commonly used fungicide in Brazil and it is composed of 20% Cu, 10% sulfur, and 3.0% calcium. The study of fungicides in vivo in non-target model organisms can predict their environmental impact more broadly. The Drosophila melanogaster is a unique model due to its ease of handling and maintenance. Here, the potential toxicity of Bordasul® was investigated by assessing the development, survival, and behavior of exposed flies. Exposure to Bordasul® impaired the development (p < 0.01) and caused a significant reduction in memory retention (p < 0.05) and locomotor ability (p < 0.001). Fungicides are needed to assure the world's food demand; however, Bordasul® was highly toxic to D. melanogaster. Therefore, Bordasul® may be potentially toxic to non-target invertebrates and new environmentally-safe biofertilizers have to be developed to preserve the biota.

杀虫剂用量的增加会使必需金属增加到有毒水平,从而对环境产生负面影响。Bordasul® 是巴西常用的杀菌剂,其成分包括 20% 的铜、10% 的硫和 3.0% 的钙。在非目标模式生物体内研究杀菌剂可以更广泛地预测其对环境的影响。黑腹果蝇因其易于处理和维护而成为一种独特的模型。在这里,我们通过评估暴露于 Bordasul® 的果蝇的发育、存活和行为来研究其潜在毒性。暴露于 Bordasul® 会损害黑腹滨蝇的发育(p p p p)。因此,Bordasul® 可能对非目标无脊椎动物具有潜在毒性,必须开发新的环境安全型生物肥料来保护生物群。
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引用次数: 0
Selected detrimental and essential elements in fruiting bodies of culinary and toxic medicinal macroscopic fungi growing in the Bohemian Forest, the Czech Republic. 捷克共和国波希米亚森林中生长的食用和有毒药用大型真菌子实体中的部分有害元素和基本元素。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2362548
Jiří Krejsa, Jan Šíma, Martin Křížek, Martin Šeda, Lubomír Svoboda

Selected wild-growing edible fungi (Boletus edulis, Neoboletus luridiformis, Cantharellus cibarius, Macrolepiota procera, Amanita rubescens, Russula virescens, Lycoperdon perlatum, and Flammulina velutipes) along with the poisonous medicinal species Amanita muscaria were collected from five sites in the Bohemian Forest, the Czech Republic and analyzed regarding the contents of 19 elements (Ag, Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Tl, and Zn) in their fruiting bodies. The contents of the elements as well as bioconcentration factors (ratios of the element content in dry matter of the mushroom to the content in the soil; BCF) were significantly species dependent. In general, the analysis revealed the most intensive accumulation of Cd, Rb, Ag, Cu, Se, and Zn in the studied mushrooms. B. edulis accumulated Ag, Se, Cd, Rb, Cu, and Zn with average BCF of 31, 25, 18, 13, 3.9, and 2.6, respectively. On the other hand, A. rubescens accumulated Cd, Rb, Ag, Cu, Zn, and As (BCF of 41, 27, 4.8, 3.3, 2.1, and 1.4). The data concerning the detrimental elements in sporocarps of edible mushrooms indicate no negative effect on human health if the fungi are consumed occasionally or as a delicacy.

从捷克共和国波希米亚森林的五个地点采集了部分野生食用菌(Boletus edulis、Neoboletus luridiformis、Cantharellus cibarius、Macrolepiota procera、Amanita rubescens、Russula virescens、Lycoperdon perlatum、和 Flammulina velutipes)以及有毒药用物种 Amanita muscaria 的子实体中的 19 种元素(Ag、Al、As、Be、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Rb、Se、Tl 和 Zn)含量进行了分析。这些元素的含量和生物富集因子(蘑菇干物质中的元素含量与土壤中元素含量的比率;BCF)在很大程度上取决于物种。总体而言,分析表明所研究的蘑菇中镉、铷、银、铜、硒和锌的积累最为密集。B.edulis积累的Ag、Se、Cd、Rb、Cu和Zn的平均BCF分别为31、25、18、13、3.9和2.6。另一方面,A. rubescens 则积累了镉、铷、银、铜、锌和砷(BCF 分别为 41、27、4.8、3.3、2.1 和 1.4)。有关食用菌孢子囊中有害元素的数据表明,如果偶尔食用或将其作为美味佳肴,不会对人类健康造成负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Facile fabrication of chitosan/bone/bamboo biochar beads for simultaneous removal of co-existing Cr(VI) and bisphenol a from water. 方便地制备壳聚糖/骨/竹生物炭微珠,用于同时去除水中并存的六价铬和双酚 a。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2374164
Xiaohong Tan, Zhitao Tian, Yanyan Liu, Fei Xiao, Hailing Zhang

Heavy metal Cr(VI) and organic BPA have posed harmful risks to human health, aquatic organisms and the ecosystem. In this work, Chitosan/bone/bamboo biochar beads (CS-AMCM) were synthesized by co-pyrolysis and in situ precipitation method. These microbeads featured a particle size of approximately 1 ± 0.2 mm and were rich in oxygen/nitrogen functional groups. CS-AMCM was characterized using XRD, Zeta potential, FTIR, etc. Experiments showed that adsorption processes of CS-AMCM on Cr(VI) and BPA fitted well to Langmuir model, with theoretical maximum capacities of 343.61 mg/g and 140.30 mg/g, respectively. Pore filling, electrostatic attraction, redox, complexation and ion exchange were the main mechanisms for Cr(VI), whereas for BPA, the intermolecular force (hydrogen bond) and pore filling were involved. CS-AMCM with adsorbed Cr(VI) demonstrated effective activation in producing ·OH and ·O2 from H2O2, which degraded BPA and Cr(VI) with the removal rates of 99.2% and 98.2%, respectively. CS-AMCM offers the advantages of low-cost, large adsorption capacity, high catalytic degradation efficiency, and favorable recycling in treating Cr(VI) and BPA mixed wastewater, which shows great potential in treating heavy metal and organic matter mixed pollution wastewater.

重金属六价铬和有机物双酚 A 对人类健康、水生生物和生态系统造成了有害风险。本研究采用共热解和原位沉淀法合成了壳聚糖/骨/竹生物炭微珠(CS-AMCM)。这些微珠的粒径约为 1 ± 0.2 毫米,富含氧/氮官能团。利用 XRD、Zeta 电位、傅立叶变换红外光谱等对 CS-AMCM 进行了表征。实验表明,CS-AMCM 对六价铬和双酚 A 的吸附过程非常符合 Langmuir 模型,理论最大吸附容量分别为 343.61 毫克/克和 140.30 毫克/克。六价铬的主要吸附机理是孔隙填充、静电吸引、氧化还原、络合和离子交换,而双酚 A 的主要吸附机理是分子间作用力(氢键)和孔隙填充。吸附了六(七)铬的 CS-AMCM 在由 H2O2 产生 -OH 和 -O2 的过程中表现出有效的活化作用,从而降解了双酚 A 和六(七)铬,去除率分别为 99.2% 和 98.2%。CS-AMCM 在处理六价铬和双酚 A 混合废水方面具有成本低、吸附容量大、催化降解效率高、有利于回收利用等优点,在处理重金属和有机物混合污染废水方面具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Physicochemical characteristics, mycoflora and aflatoxins in corn grown and stored in Northern Tamaulipas, Mexico. 墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州北部种植和储存的玉米的理化特性、霉菌和黄曲霉毒素。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2422718
Hadassa Y Martínez-Padrón, Jesús G García-Olivares, Ma Gricelda Vázquez-Carrillo, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez, Arturo G Valdivia-Flores, Sanjuana Hernández-Delgado

In northern Tamaulipas, México, the contamination of corn by toxigenic fungi reduces grain production and quality. Corn contaminated by mycotoxins puts humans and livestock at risk. Continuous monitoring of the sanitary quality of grain at harvest and in storage will define preventive and corrective strategies for contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. In this work, we identified toxigenic fungi associated with corn grown and stored in northern Tamaulipas, identified and quantified aflatoxins and their relationships with the physicochemical characteristics of the grain, and identified the main genes responsible for aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Fungal incidence was evaluated in vitro, aflatoxin production was evaluated via HPLC, and physicochemical traits were evaluated via spectrophotometry. Three genera were identified: Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium; the latter had the highest incidence in both 2011 and 2012. The incidence was higher in 2012 (82.3%) than in 2011 (4.5%), and storage did not affect the incidence. Associations among fungal incidences and physicochemical traits were significant and intermediate in both years. AFB1 production was negatively associated with hectoliter weight, and total fungal incidence was positively related to the incidence of Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus and negatively related to the flotation index. AFB1 was detected in 13.18% of the samples, with values ranging from 3.4881.33 ppb upon receipt and from 4.3245.92 ppb after storage. Two samples exceeded the allowed limits for Mexico (20 ppb). The aflD and aflQ genes were detected in 52.1 and 56.3%, respectively, of the A. flavus isolates.

在墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州北部,玉米受到有毒真菌的污染,降低了粮食产量和质量。受霉菌毒素污染的玉米会给人类和牲畜带来风险。对收获和储存过程中的谷物卫生质量进行持续监测,可以确定霉菌毒素污染的预防和纠正策略。在这项工作中,我们确定了与塔毛利帕斯州北部种植和储存的玉米有关的致毒真菌,鉴定并量化了黄曲霉毒素及其与谷物理化特性的关系,还确定了黄曲霉中产生黄曲霉毒素的主要基因。真菌发病率在体外进行评估,黄曲霉毒素产量通过高效液相色谱法进行评估,理化特性通过分光光度法进行评估。确定了三个菌属:镰刀菌属、曲霉属和青霉属;后者在 2011 年和 2012 年的发病率最高。2012 年的发病率(82.3%)高于 2011 年(4.5%),贮藏对发病率没有影响。真菌发病率与理化性状之间的关系在这两年都很显著,且处于中间状态。AFB1 产量与百升重呈负相关,真菌总发生率与青霉、镰刀菌和曲霉的发生率呈正相关,与浮选指数呈负相关。在 13.18% 的样品中检测到了 AFB1,接收时的检测值为 3.4881.33 ppb,储存后的检测值为 4.3245.92 ppb。有两个样本超过了墨西哥的允许限值(20 ppb)。52.1% 和 56.3% 的黄曲霉分离物中分别检测到了 aflD 和 aflQ 基因。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid colorimetric assay based on the oxidation of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt for nitrite detection in meat products. 基于 2,2-叠氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉)-6-磺酸二铵盐氧化作用的快速比色测定法,用于检测肉制品中的亚硝酸盐。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2297639
Jongjit Jantra, Supattra Arsawiset, Siriwan Teepoo, Kanchalar Keeratirawee

This work developed a rapid colorimetric method for nitrite detection in meat products. The detection was based on the reaction of nitrite with 60 mM HCl to produce radicals which further oxidized ABTS (50 µM) to form a water-soluble blue-green product (ABTS•+). The absorbance was measured at a maximum absorption wavelength of 412.5 nm. Parameters such as concentration of HCl, concentration of ABTS and reaction time were evaluated. The absorbance was linearly proportional to the concentration of nitrite (0.1-20 µM) with the limit of detection of 0.34 µM. The proposed method was a time-saving assay since it required only 2 min to complete one measurement. There was no effect of the interference produced by other ions. The assay was robust with 2.5%RSD (n = 50). In meat product samples, high accuracy was observed with the recoveries between 100 ± 2.2% and 105 ± 3.7%. The amount of nitrite in meat products detected by the ABTS method was found in the range of 5.41 - 7.62 mg/kg. The conventional Griess method was applied to determine nitrite in the same meat products. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.05).

这项研究开发了一种快速比色法,用于检测肉制品中的亚硝酸盐。检测方法是亚硝酸盐与 60 mM HCl 反应产生自由基,自由基进一步氧化 ABTS(50 µM)形成水溶性蓝绿色产物(ABTS-+)。吸光度在最大吸收波长 412.5 纳米处测量。对盐酸浓度、ABTS 浓度和反应时间等参数进行了评估。吸光度与亚硝酸盐浓度(0.1-20 µM)成线性关系,检测限为 0.34 µM。所提议的方法是一种省时的检测方法,因为只需 2 分钟即可完成一次测量。该方法不受其他离子的干扰。检测结果稳定,RSD 为 2.5%(n = 50)。在肉制品样品中,该方法的准确度很高,回收率在 100 ± 2.2% 和 105 ± 3.7% 之间。ABTS 法检测到的肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量为 5.41 - 7.62 mg/kg。用传统的格里耶斯法测定相同肉制品中的亚硝酸盐含量。两种方法在统计学上没有明显差异(P = 0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of atrazine, glyphosate, and 2,4-D in soils collected from two contrasting crop rotations in Southwest Chaco, Argentina. 阿特拉津、草甘膦和 2,4-D 在阿根廷西南查科两种截然不同的轮作土壤中的降解情况。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2305596
Johana I Luzzi, Virginia C Aparicio, Eduardo De Geronimo, Alejandra Ledda, Veronica M Sauer, José L Costa

Argentina stands as one of the leading consumers of herbicides. In a laboratory incubation experiment, the persistence and production of degradation metabolites of Atrazine, 2,4-D, and Glyphosate were investigated in a loamy clay soil under two contrasting agricultural practices: continuous soybean cultivation (T1) and intensified rotations with grasses and legumes (T2). The soils were collected from a long-term no-till trial replicating the influence of the meteorological conditions in the productive region. The soil was enriched with diluted concentrations of 6.71, 9.95, and 24 mg a.i./kg-1 of soil for the respective herbicides, equivalent to annual doses commonly used in the productive region. Samples were taken at intervals of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, and 64 days, and analysis was conducted using high-resolution liquid chromatography UPLC MS/MS. An optimal fit to the first-order kinetic model was observed for each herbicide in both rotations, resulting in relatively short half-lives. Intensified crop sequences favored the production of biotic degradation metabolites. The impact of the high frequency of soybean cultivation revealed a trend of soil acidification and a reduced biological contribution to attenuation processes in soil contamination.

阿根廷是除草剂的主要消费国之一。在一项实验室培养实验中,研究了阿特拉津、2,4-D 和草甘膦在两种截然不同的农业耕作方式下(连续种植大豆(T1)和加强与禾本科植物和豆科植物的轮作(T2)),在壤质粘土中的持久性和降解代谢物的产生情况。这些土壤是从一项长期免耕试验中采集的,该试验复制了丰产地区气象条件的影响。土壤中添加了浓度分别为 6.71、9.95 和 24 毫克活性成分/千克-1 的稀释除草剂,相当于丰产地区常用的年剂量。每隔 0 天、0.5 天、1 天、2 天、4 天、6 天、8 天、16 天、32 天和 64 天采集一次样本,并使用高分辨率液相色谱 UPLC MS/MS 进行分析。在两种轮作模式中,每种除草剂都与一阶动力学模型达到了最佳拟合,因此半衰期相对较短。密集种植有利于生物降解代谢物的产生。高频率种植大豆的影响揭示了土壤酸化的趋势,以及生物对土壤污染衰减过程的贡献减少。
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引用次数: 0
Slaughterhouse by-products composting: can microorganisms inoculum addition mitigate final compost odor emission? 屠宰场副产品堆肥:添加微生物接种物能否减轻最终堆肥的气味排放?
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2312063
Marina J Batista-Barwinski, Nicolli Butzke-Souza, Ramaiana Radetski-Silva, Frankie Tiegs, Rosane Laçoli, Giorgini A Venturieri, Paul Richard M Miller, Joaquim O Branco, Rafael Ariente-Neto, Claudemir M Radetski

Small slaughterhouses generate biowaste, which for economic reasons, is generally destined for composting. Inoculating appropriate microorganisms can improve biodegradation efficiency and mitigate odor generation during the composting process and can give rise to composts with neutral or pleasant odors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the odor intensity reduction of compost generated with and without a formulated inoculum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). A set of experimental data was collected and analyzed according to the German "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure" odor protocol. The results showed that adding microorganisms was effective in reducing unpleasant odors in all three composts generated from swine, cattle, and poultry slaughterhouse by-products during both summer and winter seasons. Additionally, soil odor was predominant in composts that were inoculated in the two tested seasons (i.e., summer and winter). On the other hand, composts without inoculation had odors similar to peat for swine compost, ammonia for cattle compost, and manure for poultry compost, regardless of the season tested. Overall, composting process with appropriate inoculum can help in the correct disposal of slaughterhouse wastes by transforming organic matter into composts, which can have economic and environmental value as a soil conditioner and/or fertilizer.

小型屠宰场会产生生物垃圾,出于经济原因,这些生物垃圾一般都要进行堆肥处理。接种适当的微生物可以提高生物降解效率,减轻堆肥过程中产生的臭味,并产生中性或宜人气味的堆肥。因此,本研究的目的是比较使用和不使用配方接种物(酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和淡水红假单胞菌)产生的堆肥的气味强度降低情况。根据德国 "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure "气味协议,收集并分析了一组实验数据。结果表明,在夏季和冬季,添加微生物能有效减少猪、牛和家禽屠宰场副产品产生的三种堆肥中的难闻气味。此外,在两个测试季节(即夏季和冬季)接种的堆肥中,土壤气味占主导地位。另一方面,未接种的堆肥无论在哪个季节测试,其气味都类似于猪堆肥中的泥炭味、牛堆肥中的氨味和家禽堆肥中的粪便味。总之,使用适当的接种物进行堆肥处理有助于正确处理屠宰场废物,将有机物质转化为堆肥,作为土壤改良剂和/或肥料具有经济和环境价值。
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引用次数: 0
The light intensity in the cultivation environment and the impact of glyphosate on plants of the Urochloa genus. 栽培环境中的光照强度和草甘膦对 Urochloa 属植物的影响。
IF 1.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2381934
Victor Augustus Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Luan Mateus Silva Donato, Murilo Antônio Oliveira Ruas, José Ângeles Moreira de Oliveira, Richardson Fernandes de Souza, Leonardo David Tuffi Santos

The variation in light within the environment triggers morphophysiological changes in plants and can lead to distinct responses in sun-exposed or shaded plants to glyphosate. The response of Urochloa genotypes subjected to desiccation with 2160, 1622.4, 1080, 524.4, 273.6, and 0.0 g ha-1 of glyphosate was evaluated in full sun and shade conditions. Cayana grass, mulato II grass, and sabiá grass - hybrids recently launched on the market, in addition to palisade grass and congo grass were evaluated. Under full sun, we achieved control of congo grass using 1080 g ha-1 of glyphosate, while the other grasses required 2160 g ha-1. In the low-light environment, sabiá grass was effectively controlled with 524.4 g ha-1 of glyphosate, but the other grasses needed 273.6 g ha-1. In shading, compared to full sun, the savings with glyphosate were 75 and 76% for the control of congo grass and sabiá grass, respectively, and 87% for palisade grass, mulato II grass and cayana grass. Increasing glyphosate doses leads to a decline in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and in the electron transport rate, especially in the shade. Urochloa genotypes are more sensitive to glyphosate in the shade, which must be considered when determining the herbicide dose.

环境中的光照变化会引发植物的形态生理变化,并导致暴露在阳光下或被遮蔽的植物对草甘膦产生不同的反应。在全日照和遮荫条件下,评估了 Urochloa 基因型对 2160、1622.4、1080、524.4、273.6 和 0.0 g ha-1 草甘膦干燥的反应。除了 Palisade 草和 congo 草之外,还对最近上市的杂交种 Cayana 草、mulato II 草和 sabiá 草进行了评估。在阳光充足的条件下,我们使用 1080 克/公顷的草甘膦对刚果草进行了控制,而其他草种则需要 2160 克/公顷的草甘膦。在弱光环境下,使用 524.4 克/公顷草甘膦可有效控制沙比利草,而其他草种则需要 273.6 克/公顷。与全日照相比,在遮光环境下,使用草甘膦控制刚果草和沙比利草的效果分别为 75% 和 76%,控制帕利色草、木兰二号草和卡亚那草的效果为 87%。草甘膦剂量的增加导致光系统 II 的量子效率和电子传输速率下降,尤其是在阴凉处。Urochloa 基因型在阴凉处对草甘膦更为敏感,在确定除草剂剂量时必须考虑到这一点。
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
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