Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes最新文献

Phytotoxic metabolites released by plants can be beneficial or harmful to other plant species that share the same environment. Therefore, studying these metabolites is important to determine the dominance of plant diversity and the natural succession of agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of different concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the leaves and bark of Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan and Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau, on germination and anatomical characteristics of lettuce. The treatments were established from the dilution of aqueous (20, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 0%) and ethanolic (20, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 0 mg mL^-1) extracts. The percentage of germination, number of abnormal seedlings, germination speed index, average germination time, and tissue anatomy of the lettuce root were evaluated. The tested extracts reduced the germination percentage by up to 36% and the germination speed index by up to 83%; increased the number of abnormal seedlings by up to 81%, causing greater damage to exoderm and xylem tissues. In addition, the average germination time of lettuce increased by up to three days. Therefore, both species studied have allelopathic potential on the germinal metabolism of lettuce.

The combination of auxin-mimicking herbicides from different chemical groups offers an alternative for controlling fleabane (Conyza spp.) in soybean pre-sowing, but care is needed to avoid phytotoxicity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of auxinic herbicide mixtures in controlling Conyza spp. and their residual effects on soybean plants. A randomized block field experiment tested 13 combinations of auxinic herbicides with glyphosate, followed by glufosinate 14 days after application (DAA). At 42 DAA, all the treatments provided satisfactory control, with triclopyr + halauxifen + diclosulan achieving 100% effectiveness, while the 2,4-D combinations were controlled at 80-90%. Aminopyralid caused the highest phytotoxicity (50-75%), while dicamba caused less than 25% phytotoxicity. Aminopyralid also significantly reduced yield and thousand-grain weight to nearly zero, whereas the other treatments maintained yields of approximately 2,500 kg ha^-1. These results demonstrate the efficacy of auxinic herbicide combinations for managing Conyza spp., provided that the phytotoxic risks to soybean are carefully managed.

This study explores the photocatalytic decomposition of antibiotic residues, including tetracycline (TCR) and amoxicillin (AMR), from wastewater using Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ photocatalyst. The characterization findings revealed that Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ exhibited significantly improved light absorption properties and enhanced charge separation efficiency. According to the experimental results, Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ exhibited high degradation efficiencies of 77.6% for TCR and 83.2% for AMR in wastewater samples. It also displayed excellent reusability, with the removal efficiencies of TCR and AMR remaining at 71.3 and 78.8%, respectively, after five cycles. Additionally, the photodegradation of TCR and AMR using Bi₂O₃@C₃N₄ is suggested to follow the Z-scheme pathway. The results of this study could be utilized for removing antibiotic pollutants from wastewater, thereby reducing their impact on human health and the environment.

Non-target microorganisms in soil are very important for the restoration of soil fertility and the safety of soil microecosystem. Currently, the effects of the bactericides, pyraclostrobin and metalaxyl-M, for the control of tobacco black shank disease and bactericides, trichloroisocyanuric acid and thiodiazole copper, for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt disease on soil microecology are still unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity, community structure and function of soil bacteria in tobacco fields after root-irrigation with pyraclostrobin, metalaxyl-M, trichloroisocyanuric acid and thiodiazole copper. The results showed that treatment with trichloroisocyanuric acid and thiodiazole copper significantly increased soil organic matter content, ammonium nitrogen content, and electrical conductivity, while reducing bacterial abundance and diversity. Pyraclostrobin and metalaxyl-M enhanced Actinobacteria abundance by 15.2% (p < 0.05) but reduced Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria by 8.7% and 6.3%, respectively, with no significant changes in overall community diversity (Shannon index, p > 0.1). Functional prediction analysis showed that trichloroisocyanuric acid and thiodiazole copper could increase the relative abundance of metabolic functional genes in soil bacterial communities. This study has laid a solid foundation for the environmental behavior and scientific use of pyraclostrobin, metalaxyl-M, trichloroisocyanuric acid and thiodiazole copper in soil.

Biological treatment via anaerobic digestion (AD) represents a sustainable alternative for removing persistent organic contaminants, such as pesticides, from aqueous matrices while simultaneously enabling bioenergy production. This research aimed to evaluate the use of AD in anaerobic batch reactors to remove the pesticides atrazine (ATZ) and 2,4-D from wastewater at mesophilic temperatures (35 °C). The results demonstrated that the presence of the pesticides stimulated methane production and did not inhibit the overall anaerobic process. Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies exceeded 80% for all tested concentrations, with stable operational parameters including optimal pH and total alkalinity, and no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Pesticide removal kinetics revealed that ATZ achieved a maximum removal of 43.6% when applied alone. Conversely, the presence of ATZ in the mixed reactors served as a co-metabolic stimulant, significantly increasing the removal of 2,4-D to over 90% for all combined concentrations. This synergistic effect suggests that the presence of mixed pesticides can induce the necessary enzymatic activity (co-metabolism) required for the effective degradation of 2,4-D, thereby eliminating the need for a long acclimatization period. AD is thus presented as an efficient, stable, and sustainable approach for managing wastewater contaminated with these specific co-occurring pesticides.

N-Nitroso compounds (NOCs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants, yet the molecular pathways through which they initiate gastric cancer (GC), sleep disorders (SD), dysphagia and atherosclerosis (AS) remain poorly defined. This work first sought to delineate the common molecular axis through which NOCs drive GC, SD, dysphagia and AS, and subsequently to leverage that axis for rational prediction and validation of dietary bioactives for translational prevention. Putative NOC-disease interactomes were first reconstructed by network analysis; bioactive food compounds were then retrieved from DSigDB (enrichment p < 0.01) and their binding affinities toward the top-ranked hub were evaluated by molecular docking. NFKB1 emerged as the common central node across all four disease networks, with NOCs predicted to exert toxicity via NF-κB-driven inflammation and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Nine model NOCs and eight dietary compounds displayed favorable binding energies (<0 kcal mol^-1) to NFKB1, indicating high target affinity. Collectively, our findings reveal a shared NF-κB-centered pathway underpinning NOC-induced GC, SD, dysphagia and AS, and provide an experimentally tractable panel of dietary bioactives for future preventive intervention.

Pendimethalin (PND) is the most widely applied herbicide in Algerian lentil cultivation, with minimal or no control from farmers. This study evaluated the effect of various concentrations (0, 1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 g L^-1) of pendimethalin herbicide on the seed germination of seven lentil (Lens culinaris) varieties (Syrie 229, Idlep 1, Balkan 755, Ibela, LVS, LBC, and Metropole). The physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant properties of the seeds were assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h of the germination test in Petri dishes. Pendimethalin decreased seed germination percentage at 24 and 72 h, reaching 46.85% and 94.25% respectively, while radicle length was reduced at all time points. The water content initially decreased and subsequently increased at 48 and 72 h after soaking. Similarly, the sugar content was reduced at 48 h and increased at 72 h. These increases were inversely related to the reduction in α-amylase activity at 72 h. Herbicide concentrations did not induce proline or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation in most lentil varieties. However, PCA showed that LVS was grouped with H₂O₂ on the three days, making it the variety most affected by pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress. Neither catalase nor ascorbate peroxidase levels correlated with H₂O₂ and were unaffected by pendimethalin treatment, confirming the absence of oxidative stress. Based on these findings, Syrie 229 appears to be an unaffected or the least affected variety and, consequently, could be considered a valuable candidate for lentil cultivation when treated with pendimethalin.

The increased use of pesticides in tropical regions, combined with rapid warming due to climate change, poses a critical threat to amphibian populations. However, the interactive effects of these stressors on tropical amphibians remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed lethal and sublethal responses to methomyl in two Amazonian anurans, Osteocephalus taurinus and Scinax ruber. Tadpoles were exposed to methomyl at two temperatures (26.5 °C and 30 °C), simulating current and projected climate scenarios. Acute toxicity was quantified through LC₅₀, and thermal tolerance was assessed via critical thermal maximum (CT_max). Warming significantly increased methomyl toxicity in O. taurinus, lowering the LC₅₀ from 96.4 mg/L to 45.9 mg/L at 30 °C. S. ruber showed no such effect, with LC₅₀ values of 15.5 mg/L (26.5 °C) and 19.7 mg/L (30 °C). S. ruber was approximately six times more sensitive to methomyl than O. taurinus across temperatures. Methomyl exposure did not alter CT_max in either species, although variability increased in O. taurinus at higher concentrations. These findings provide novel evidence of temperature-modulated methomyl toxicity in Amazonian frog tadpoles, highlighting the need to incorporate native species, sublethal endpoints, and climate-relevant stressors in ecotoxicological risk assessments.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of four post-emergence herbicides in the cultivation of industrial hemp. Hemp was grown in 3.5 L pots with inert substrate in the absence of weeds throughout the crop cycle. The experimental design adopted was a randomized, complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The herbicides atrazine (2.500 g a.i./ha), clethodim (96 g a.i./ha), fomesafen (250 g a.i./ha), and nicosulfuron (54 g a.i./ha) were applied when the plants were approximately 35 days after cutting. Visual assessments of herbicide-induced injury symptoms were conducted, along with measurements of the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, and total aerial part dry mass. When nicosulfuron was applied after emergence, it caused 60.0% damage 21 days after application (DAA), which changed the number of leaves, height, stem diameter, and total aerial part dry mass of hemp plants in a big way. Fomesafen caused 42.5% injury at 5 DAA, and atrazine caused 42.5% injury at 21 DAA, which may compromise the final yield. Therefore, it is recommended to use only clethodim, a selective herbicide for broadleaf plants such as hemp, as it did not cause significant injuries during the evaluation period.

The widespread use of antibiotics has led to significant water pollution. Photocatalysis can effectively degrade antibiotics, but the performance is greatly limited by the photogenerated carrier recombination in the photocatalytic material g-C₃N₅. Constructing heterojunctions can enhance interfacial charge transfer, leading to more stable and efficient photocatalysis. This study synthesized a Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₅ heterojunction using the solvothermal method. The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitated efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, preserving photoelectrons and holes with high redox activity. This process generated a substantial amount of highly reactive free radicals such as ·O₂^- and ·OH, enabling the efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC). Under the optimal conditions of initial concentration of TC was 200 mg/L, the quality ratio of Fe₂O₃ and g-C₃N₅ was 1:2, the catalyst dosage was 50 mg and pH = 7.0, the TC degradation rate reached 92.46% within 60 min of visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity's enhancement was attributed to broad spectral absorption and effective photogenerated carrier separation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance can be affected by the presence of inorganic salt ions such as HCO₃^- and CO₃^2-.