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Stress induced by soil contamination with heavy metals and their effects on some biomarkers and DNA damage in maize plants at the vicinity of Ferronikel smelter in Drenas, Kosovo. 科索沃德雷纳斯Ferronikel冶炼厂附近土壤重金属污染引起的胁迫及其对玉米植物某些生物标志物和DNA损伤的影响。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2253114
Liridon Buqaj, Bekim Gashi, Muhamet Zogaj, Ramë Vataj, Valbona Sota, Metin Tuna

The Ferronikel smelter in Drenas is one of the main industrial areas in the Kosovo and pollution by heavy metals causes serious threat for all living organisms on this area. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) in agricultural soils and in maize plants, and their potential toxic effects on this plant through some sensitive biochemical and molecular markers. Maize seedlings growth in nine soil samples from different locations of this area. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in soils and maize leaves were conducted close to the Ferronikel smelter, and in some locations, the nickel and chromium concertation in soils exceeded 800 mg kg-1. A significant effects of heavy metals induced toxicity resulted in the, build-up aminolevulinic acid and reduced activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and chlorophyll content in the maize leaves. In general, maize seedlings growth in polluted locations showed an increase in nuclear DNA content and in G2M phase. We concluded that locations close to the smelter are affected by soil heavy metals pollution and these biochemical and molecular analysis would be a powerful ecotoxicological tool in biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution.

德雷纳斯的Ferronikel冶炼厂是科索沃的主要工业区之一,重金属污染对该地区的所有生物造成严重威胁。本研究的目的是通过一些敏感的生化和分子标记来测定农业土壤和玉米植株中某些重金属(Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Cd、Ni和Pb)的浓度,以及它们对玉米植株的潜在毒性作用。玉米幼苗生长在该地区不同地点的9个土壤样本中。土壤和玉米叶片中重金属浓度最高的是在铁镍冶炼厂附近进行的,在一些地方,土壤中的镍和铬含量超过800 mg kg-1。重金属毒性的显著影响导致玉米叶片中氨基乙酰丙酸的积累,δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶活性和叶绿素含量降低。一般来说,玉米幼苗在污染地区的生长表现出细胞核DNA含量和G2M期的增加。我们得出的结论是,冶炼厂附近的地点受到土壤重金属污染的影响,这些生化和分子分析将成为重金属污染生物监测的强大生态毒理学工具。
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引用次数: 1
Novel moisture retaining dustable powder containing Steinernema abbasi effectively controls damage of subterranean termite in wheat and chickpea. 一种新型保水剂,能有效控制小麦和鹰嘴豆地下白蚁的危害。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2264743
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay, Shubham Chaudhary, Jyoti Antil, Vishal S Somvanshi, Suresh M Nebapure, Neeraj Patanjali, Anirban Dutta, Subhash Babu, Chellapilla Bharadwaj, Susama Sudhishri, Man Singh, Tirthankar Banerjee, Anil Kumar, Anupama Singh

The application of biocontrol agents in farm operations for pest control programs is gaining priority and preference globally. Effective delivery, infectivity of the biocontrol agents, and quality shelf-life products containing these bioagents are vital parameters responsible for the success of biopesticides under field conditions. In the present study, moisture-retaining bio-insecticidal dustable powder formulation (SaP) of Steinernema abbasi (Sa) infective juveniles (IJs) was developed and assessed for its shelf life, physicochemical profile, and bio-efficacy against subterranean termite under field conditions. Formulation exhibited free-flowing character, with pH of 6.50-7.50, and apparent density in the range 0.50-0.70 g cm-3. The bioefficacy study for two rabi seasons (2020-2021, and 2021-2022) in wheat and chickpea grown in an experimental farm heavily infested with subterranean termites (Odontotermes obesus) revealed a significant reduction in plant damage due to pest attack in formulation-treated plots, monitored in terms of relative number of infested tillers in wheat and infested plants in chickpea fields. The reduced damage to the crop caused by termite was reflected in the relative differences in the growth and yield attributes as well. The study establishes the potential of the developed product as a biopesticide suitable for organic farming and integrated pest management operations.

生物防治剂在农场病虫害防治项目中的应用正在全球范围内获得优先权和偏好。生物防治剂的有效递送、传染性和含有这些生物制剂的保质期产品是生物农药在田间条件下成功的重要参数。在本研究中,开发了一种具有感染力的Steinerma abbasi(Sa)幼虫(IJs)的保湿生物杀虫可尘粉末制剂(SaP),并在田间条件下对其保质期、理化特性和对地下白蚁的生物功效进行了评估。配方表现出自由流动特性,pH为6.50-7.50,表观密度在0.50-0.70范围内 g cm-3。在深受地下白蚁侵扰的实验农场(Odontotermes obesus)种植的小麦和鹰嘴豆的两个拉比季节(2020-2021年和2021-2022年)的生物有效性研究表明,在配方处理的地块中,由于害虫攻击而造成的植物损害显著减少,并根据小麦受感染分蘖和鹰嘴豆田受感染植物的相对数量进行监测。白蚁对作物造成的损害减少也反映在生长和产量属性的相对差异上。该研究确定了开发产品作为一种生物杀虫剂的潜力,适用于有机农业和病虫害综合治理作业。
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引用次数: 0
Resonance Rayleigh scattering technique-using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles, approaches spectrofluorimetric method for determination of Bentazone residual in water samples. 采用壳聚糖包覆金纳米粒子共振瑞利散射技术,采用荧光光谱法测定水样中苯达松的残留量。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2262348
Elham Pournamdari, Leila Niknam

In this study, a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique-based sensing method for detecting Bentazone residual in water samples has been developed. This technique was carried out using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles with a spectrofluorimetric method. Experimental results revealed that the developed method could allow the detection of Bentazone residual as low as a concentration of 0.02 ng mL-1 within 50-sec time. Overall results confirmed the very low detection limit for measuring the Bentazone. The chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles as an excellent sensor were applied to measure and analyze Bentazone in water samples.

本研究开发了一种基于共振瑞利散射技术的检测水样中苯达松残留量的传感方法。该技术是用荧光光谱法使用壳聚糖封端的金纳米粒子进行的。实验结果表明,所开发的方法可以检测浓度低至0.02的Bentazone残留 ng mL-1。总体结果证实了用于测量Bentazone的检测限非常低。将壳聚糖包覆的金纳米粒子作为一种优良的传感器应用于水样中苯达松的测定和分析。
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引用次数: 0
Residues of pyrethroids and triazoles pesticides in water and sediment of certain Egyptian watercourses: assessing their influence on fungal diversity. 拟除虫菊酯类和三唑类杀虫剂在埃及某些水道的水和沉积物中的残留:评估其对真菌多样性的影响。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2263191
Marwa Tamim A Abdel-Wareth, Rania M Abd El-Hamid

Contamination of water and sediment with pyrethroids and triazoles residues can affect fungal diversity, and hence the aquatic system functioning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of water and sediment contamination with pyrethroids and triazoles on fungal diversity. Water and sediment samples were seasonally collected along 2019 from water bodies representing Gharbeya and Qualubeya governorates. Concentrations of pyrethroids and triazoles were determined, and fungal species in water and sediment samples were molecularly identified. The results indicated that temperature and pH varied according to the season. Permethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and esfenvalerate showed the highest pyrethroids concentrations, whereas tetraconazole, tebuconazole and difenconazole were of the highest triazoles concentrations. Aspergillus niger was one of the most frequent species, in addition to Trichoderma capillare, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium commune and Penicillium polonicum. Principal component analysis indicated a positive correlation between temperature and different Aspergillus spp., and between pH and each of pyrethroids and triazoles. Moreover, a negative correlation was observed between triazoles and Trichoderma asperellum, Penicillium griseofulvum and Aspergillus fumigatus. In conclusion, contamination of water with pesticides affected fungal diversity. This disturbance in fungal assemblages might result in a reduction of some key organisms, or an increase and emergence of new pathogens.

拟除虫菊酯类和三唑类残留物对水和沉积物的污染会影响真菌多样性,从而影响水生系统的功能。本研究的目的是研究拟除虫菊酯类和三唑类对水和沉积物污染对真菌多样性的影响。2019年,从代表加尔贝亚省和夸卢贝亚省的水体中季节性采集了水和沉积物样本。测定了拟除虫菊酯类和三唑类的浓度,并对水和沉积物样品中的真菌种类进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,温度和pH值随季节变化而变化。氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的拟除虫菊酯浓度最高,而戊唑醇、戊唑醇和二苯并唑的三唑浓度最高。黑曲霉是除毛霉菌、尖孢镰刀菌、社区青霉和波兰青霉外最常见的菌种之一。主成分分析表明,温度与不同曲霉属之间以及pH与拟除虫菊酯类和三唑类之间呈正相关。此外,三唑类与木霉、灰黄色青霉和烟曲霉呈负相关。总之,农药对水体的污染影响了真菌的多样性。真菌群落的这种干扰可能导致一些关键生物的减少,或者新病原体的增加和出现。
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引用次数: 0
Screening bacterial isolates for biocontrol of sheath blight in rice plants. 筛选用于生物防治水稻鞘枯病的细菌分离物。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2220644
Akintunde Abiodun Ajulo, Princewill Chukwuma Asobia, Rodrigo Silva de Oliveira, Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra, Ariany Rosa Gonçalves, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi

Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) causes significant yield losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Its sustainable management needs an efficient biocontrol agent. The objective was to screen bacterial isolates as an antagonist to R. solani and identify the most efficient ones as sheath blight suppressors under greenhouse conditions. Two assays (E1 and E2) were performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. E1 tested 21 bacterial isolates antagonists to R. solani in vitro. E2 was conducted under greenhouse conditions, with rice cultivar BRS Pampeira sown in plastic pots (7 kg) containing fertilized soil. Sixty old plants were inoculated with a segment of a toothpick containing fragments of R. solani, followed by spray inoculation of a bacterial suspension (108 CFU/mL). The severity of the disease was determined by calculating the relative lesion size formed on the colm. Isolates BRM32112 (Pseudomonas nitroreducens), BRM65929 (Priestia megaterium), and BRM65919 (Bacillus cereus) reduced R. solani colony radial growth by 92.8, 77.56, and 75.56%, respectively while BRM63523 (Serratia marcescens), BRM65923 and BRM65916 (P. megaterium) and BRM65919 (B. cereus) with 23.45, 23.37, 23.62, and 20.17 cm, respectively were effective at suppressing sheath blight in greenhouse, indicating their potential as a biofungicide for sheath blight suppression.

鞘枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)给水稻(Oryza sativa L.)造成了严重的产量损失。其可持续管理需要高效的生物控制剂。本研究的目的是在温室条件下筛选拮抗根瘤鞘霉菌的细菌分离物,并确定最有效的鞘霉菌抑制剂。采用完全随机设计进行了两次试验(E1 和 E2),三次重复。E1 在体外测试了 21 种细菌分离物对 R. solani 的拮抗作用。E2 在温室条件下进行,水稻栽培品种 BRS Pampeira 播种在装有肥沃土壤的塑料盆(7 千克)中。60 株老植株接种了含有 R. solani 片段的牙签,然后喷洒了细菌悬浮液(108 CFU/mL)。通过计算茎柱上形成的相对病斑大小来确定病害的严重程度。分离菌 BRM32112(硝化假单胞菌)、BRM65929(巨苞假单胞菌)和 BRM65919(蜡样芽孢杆菌)分别减少了 92.8%、77.56% 和 75.56%的 R. solani 菌落径向生长量,而 BRM63523(肉豆蔻沙雷氏菌)、BRM65923 和 BRM65916(巨苞假单胞菌)以及 BRM65919(蜡样芽孢杆菌)则分别减少了 95.8%、77.56% 和 75.56%的 R. solani 菌落径向生长量。BRM63523(Serratia marcesens)、BRM65923 和 BRM65916(P.mgaterium)以及 BRM65919(B.cereus)对温室鞘枯病的抑制作用分别为 23.45 厘米、23.37 厘米、23.62 厘米和 20.17 厘米,表明它们具有作为生物杀菌剂抑制鞘枯病的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles adsorb aflatoxin B1 and reduce mycotoxin-induced cell damage. 介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒吸附黄曲霉毒素B1,减少霉菌毒素诱导的细胞损伤。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2161251
Geovana Dagostim Savi, Elton Torres Zanoni, Rahisa Scussel, Emily da Silva Córneo, Bianca Guimarães Furtado, Domingos Lusitâneo Pier Macuvele, Janaína Nones, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila, Elidio Angioletto

The present study examined the effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) on its adsorption capacity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Moreover, the study evaluated the toxicity of MSNs with AFB1 using NIH3T3 cells and hemolysis test. The obtained MSNs were spherical, irregular-like in shape, having a mean size of 39.97 ± 7.85 nm and a BET surface area of 1195 m2/g. At 0.1 mg mL-1 concentration of MSN, the AFB1 adsorption capacity was 30%, which reached 70% when the MSN concentration increased to 2.0 mg mL-1. Our findings showed that AFB1 was adsorbed (∼67%) in the first few minutes on being in contact with MSNs, reaching an adsorption capacity of ∼70% after 15 min. Thereafter, the adsorption capacity remained constant in solution, demonstrating that the MSNs adsorbed toxins even beyond overnight. MSN treatment (0.5-2.0 mg mL-1) using NIH3T3 cells did not result in any reduction in cell viability. In addition, MSN treatment completely reversed the cytotoxic effect of AFB1 at all concentrations. Hemolysis test also revealed no hemolysis in MSNs evaluated alone and in those combined with AFB1. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that MSN can reduce cell toxicity produced by AFB1 due to its potential to adsorb mycotoxins.

本研究考察了介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MSNs)对黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)吸附能力的影响。此外,本研究还采用NIH3T3细胞和溶血试验评估了AFB1对MSNs的毒性。所得纳米微球呈球形,形状不规则,平均粒径为39.97±7.85 nm, BET比表面积为1195 m2/g。当MSN浓度为0.1 mg mL-1时,AFB1的吸附量为30%,当MSN浓度增加到2.0 mg mL-1时,吸附量达到70%。我们的研究结果表明,AFB1在与msn接触的最初几分钟内被吸附(~ 67%),15分钟后吸附量达到~ 70%。此后,吸附容量在溶液中保持不变,表明msn即使在过夜后也能吸附毒素。用NIH3T3细胞进行MSN处理(0.5 ~ 2.0 mg mL-1)未导致细胞活力降低。此外,MSN处理完全逆转了AFB1在所有浓度下的细胞毒性作用。溶血试验也显示单独评估的msn和联合AFB1的msn无溶血。据我们所知,这项研究首次证明了MSN可以降低AFB1产生的细胞毒性,因为它具有吸附真菌毒素的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of acute toxicity and histology effect on liver of glyphosate and atrazine in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). 草甘膦和阿特拉津对非洲鲶鱼(Claris gariepinus (Burchell 1822))肝脏急性毒性和组织学影响的评估。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2162797
Prudencio Agbohessi, Laurence Olowo, Bodelaire Degila, Gisèle Houedjissi, Ibrahim Imorou Toko

Aquatic organisms are exposed to chemical pesticides including glyphosate (Sharp 480 SL) and atrazine (Atraforce), two phytocidal molecules used for agriculture purposes in Benin. In this study, we assessed the acute toxicity of these two herbicides with emphasis on their histopathological effects on the liver of catfish Clarias gariepinus. One hundred and eighty juveniles of C. gariepinus (mean length 7.26 ± 0.59 cm and mean weight 5.21 ± 3.22 g) were exposed over 96 h to increasing concentrations of each phytocide. The values of 96 h-LC50 were 6.175 × 103 and 3.165 ppm, respectively for Sharp 480 SL and Atraforce. This indicates that Sharp 480 SL was nontoxic, while Atraforce displayed a moderate toxicity to C. gariepinus juveniles. During the tests, the behavioral responses (hyperexcitation, lethargy, loss of balance, discoloration of skin, etc.) that usually precede death were observed in exposed fishes, confirming the neurotoxicity of these phytocides. Histological alterations observed in liver of contaminated fishes were regressive changes, such as necrosis, hepatocyte vacuolation, nuclear degeneration, hepatocytes degeneration, sinusoids dilatation, etc. These results indicate that exposure to these herbicides had destructive effects on the liver of C. gariepinus.

水生生物会接触到化学杀虫剂,包括草甘膦(Sharp 480 SL)和阿特拉津(Atraforce),这两种杀植物分子在贝宁被用于农业目的。在这项研究中,我们评估了这两种除草剂的急性毒性,重点是它们对鲶鱼肝脏的组织病理学影响。将 180 尾幼鱼(平均体长为 7.26 ± 0.59 厘米,平均体重为 5.21 ± 3.22 克)暴露于浓度不断增加的每种杀草剂中 96 小时。Sharp 480 SL 和 Atraforce 的 96 h-LC50 值分别为 6.175 × 103 和 3.165 ppm。这表明 Sharp 480 SL 无毒,而 Atraforce 对 C. gariepinus 幼鱼有中等毒性。在试验过程中,暴露鱼类的行为反应(过度兴奋、嗜睡、失去平衡、皮肤变色等)通常发生在死亡之前,这证实了这些杀植物剂的神经毒性。在受污染鱼类的肝脏中观察到的组织学变化为退行性变化,如坏死、肝细胞空泡化、核变性、肝细胞变性、窦扩张等。这些结果表明,暴露于这些除草剂会对嘉鱼的肝脏造成破坏性影响。
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引用次数: 0
Chlorpyrifos-induced dysregulation of synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal neurons. 毒死蜱诱导大鼠海马神经元突触可塑性失调。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2171236
Wenjuan Zhou, Chen Zhang, Peipei Wang, Yuanying Deng, Hongmei Dai, Jing Tian, Guojiao Wu, Lingling Zhao

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide. Increasing evidence has shown that exposure to CPF in early life might induce neurodevelopmental disorders, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Synaptic plasticity plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CPF on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and establish the cellular mechanism underlying these effects. Using CPF-exposed rat and primary hippocampal neurons model, we analyzed the impact of CPF on the synaptic morphology, the expression level of a presynaptic protein, a postsynaptic protein and ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), as well as the effects on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We found that the synapses were shortened, the spines were decreased, and the expression of synaptophysin (Syp), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), GluN1, GluA1 and Wnt7a, as well as active β-catenin in primary hippocampal neurons was decreased. Our study suggests that CPF exposure induced dysregulation of synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal neurons, which might provide novel information regarding the mechanism of CPF-induced neurodevelopmental disorders.

毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos, CPF)是一种广泛使用的有机磷农药。越来越多的证据表明,在生命早期暴露于CPF可能诱发神经发育障碍,但其发病机制仍不确定。突触可塑性在神经发育中起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨CPF对海马神经元突触可塑性的影响,并探讨其细胞机制。利用CPF暴露大鼠和海马原代神经元模型,分析CPF对突触形态、突触前蛋白、突触后蛋白和嗜离子性谷氨酸受体(iGluRs)表达水平的影响,以及对Wnt/β-catenin通路的影响。我们发现突触缩短,棘减少,突触素(Syp)、突触后密度-95 (PSD-95)、GluN1、GluA1和Wnt7a以及活性β-catenin在海马初级神经元中的表达减少。本研究提示CPF暴露导致大鼠海马神经元突触可塑性失调,这可能为CPF诱发神经发育障碍的机制提供新的信息。
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引用次数: 1
Adsorption-desorption characteristics of atrazine on soil and vermicompost prepared with different ratios of raw materials. 不同原料配比制备的土壤和蚯蚓堆肥对阿特拉津的吸附-解吸特性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2247942
Luwen Zhang, Lixin Xu, Lei Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yuxiang Chen

In this work, vermicompost was prepared with maize stover and cattle dung in ratios of 60:40 (VC1), 50:50 (VC2) and 40:60 (VC3), and the physicochemical properties of the vermicompost were related to the ratio of the raw materials used. The effect of the vermicomposts on the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and desorption of atrazine were investigated in unamended soil (S) and soil amended with 4% (w/w) of VC1(S-VC1), VC2(S-VC2) and VC3(S-VC3). The total organic carbon (TOC) content of VC1, VC2 and VC3 was 38.46, 37.33 and 34.47%, the HA content was 43.50, 42.22 and 39.28 g/kg, and the HA/FA ratios was 1.47, 0.44 and 0.83, respectively. The adsorption of atrazine on the soil, on the vermicompost and on soils amended with vermicompost followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Freundlich equation better fitted the adsorption isotherm of atrazine. The vermicomposts enhanced atrazine adsorption and decreased atrazine desorption. Correlation analysis showed that the TOC and HA were significantly positively correlated with Kf, which indicated that TOC and HA of the vermicomposts contributed significantly to the adsorption and desorption of atrazine. This study demonstrated that vermicomposts have great potential in the bioremediation of atrazine pollution and that their role is related to the raw materials used to prepare them.

以玉米秸秆和牛粪为原料,按60:40 (VC1)、50:50 (VC2)和40:60 (VC3)的比例制备蚯蚓堆肥,蚯蚓堆肥的理化性质与原料配比有关。研究了蚯蚓堆肥在未改性土壤(S)和添加4% (w/w) VC1(S-VC1)、VC2(S-VC2)和VC3(S-VC3)土壤中对阿特拉津的吸附动力学、吸附等温线和解吸的影响。VC1、VC2和VC3的总有机碳(TOC)含量分别为38.46、37.33和34.47%,HA含量分别为43.50、42.22和39.28 g/kg, HA/FA比值分别为1.47、0.44和0.83。阿特拉津在土壤、蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥改性土壤上的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型。Freundlich方程较好地拟合了阿特拉津的吸附等温线。蚯蚓堆肥增强了阿特拉津的吸附,降低了阿特拉津的脱附。相关分析表明,TOC和HA与Kf呈显著正相关,表明蚯蚓堆肥的TOC和HA对阿特拉津的吸附和解吸有显著贡献。本研究表明,蚯蚓堆肥在阿特拉津污染的生物修复中具有很大的潜力,其作用与制备蚯蚓堆肥的原料有关。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf and stem anatomical characterization of Euphorbia hirta L., a tolerant species to glyphosate. Euphorbia hirta L.(一种对草甘膦有耐受性的物种)的叶片和茎干解剖特征。
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2177462
Ana Carolina Oliveira Chapeta, Luiz Ricardo Dos Santos Tozin, Amanda Dos Santos Souza, Milena Gonçalves Costa, Jéssica Ferreira Lourenço Leal, Camila Ferreira de Pinho

Euphorbia hirta L. is a weed species that is tolerant to the most used herbicide in agriculture, glyphosate. The anatomical characteristics of plants influence the processes of absorption and translocation of herbicides. The objective of this work was to characterize the anatomy of the aerial vegetative axis (leaves and stem) of E. hirta, to support the establishment of strategies for better control of this species with herbicides. The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. When they reached sizes between 8 and 12 cm, samples of stems and leaves were collected, fixed in FAA 50, and stored in 70% ethanol. Subsequently, the samples were processed following usual light microscopy techniques. In cross-section, the stem of E. hirta has a circular shape. The leaf epidermis is uniseriate composed of isodiametric cells of compact arrangement and with the presence of multicellular trichomes and anthocyanin. As for the morphometric parameters evaluated, the young leaves have a lower thickness in the abaxial epidermis. Based on the anatomical characteristics observed in E. hirta, the main barriers that can act in the absorption of herbicides are the high hairiness and the high content of anthocyanin in the epidermal cells.

大戟属(Euphorbia hirta L.)是一种杂草,对农业中最常用的除草剂草甘膦具有耐受性。植物的解剖特征会影响除草剂的吸收和转移过程。这项工作的目的是描述 E. hirta 的气生无性轴(叶片和茎)的解剖特征,以帮助制定更好地用除草剂控制该物种的策略。这些植物是在受控条件下在温室中生长的。当植株长到 8 到 12 厘米时,采集茎叶样本,用 FAA 50 固定,并保存在 70% 的乙醇中。随后,按照通常的光学显微镜技术对样本进行处理。从横截面看,E. hirta 的茎呈圆形。叶表皮是单列的,由排列紧密的等轴细胞组成,存在多细胞毛状体和花青素。在形态参数评估方面,幼叶背面表皮厚度较低。根据在 E. hirta 观察到的解剖特征,表皮细胞中的高毛发和高含量花青素是除草剂吸收的主要障碍。
{"title":"Leaf and stem anatomical characterization of <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> L., a tolerant species to glyphosate.","authors":"Ana Carolina Oliveira Chapeta, Luiz Ricardo Dos Santos Tozin, Amanda Dos Santos Souza, Milena Gonçalves Costa, Jéssica Ferreira Lourenço Leal, Camila Ferreira de Pinho","doi":"10.1080/03601234.2023.2177462","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03601234.2023.2177462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Euphorbia hirta</i> L. is a weed species that is tolerant to the most used herbicide in agriculture, glyphosate. The anatomical characteristics of plants influence the processes of absorption and translocation of herbicides. The objective of this work was to characterize the anatomy of the aerial vegetative axis (leaves and stem) of <i>E. hirta</i>, to support the establishment of strategies for better control of this species with herbicides. The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. When they reached sizes between 8 and 12 cm, samples of stems and leaves were collected, fixed in FAA 50, and stored in 70% ethanol. Subsequently, the samples were processed following usual light microscopy techniques. In cross-section, the stem of <i>E. hirta</i> has a circular shape. The leaf epidermis is uniseriate composed of isodiametric cells of compact arrangement and with the presence of multicellular trichomes and anthocyanin. As for the morphometric parameters evaluated, the young leaves have a lower thickness in the abaxial epidermis. Based on the anatomical characteristics observed in <i>E. hirta</i>, the main barriers that can act in the absorption of herbicides are the high hairiness and the high content of anthocyanin in the epidermal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15720,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes","volume":"58 3","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9579394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
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