O. O. Patrick, Ezekiel. O E Nnadi, Henry C. Ajaelu
The hazardous nature of the Nigerian building construction industry due to lack of construction data and records of incidents which have led to loss of life, property damage, injuries and loss of materials in an average construction site is alarming. The aim and objective of this study is to know how effective the use of drone to monitor safety and security in Nigerian Building Construction site can improve dangerous site situations. In other to achieve the aim and objective of this study the following were postulated: To examine the level of awareness of drones in Enugu State Nigeria? What is the level of adoption of drones among construction stakeholder in Enugu State Nigeria? To examine the limitations of using drones/UAVs (Quadcopter) for safety and security monitoring within Building Construction sites in Enugu State Nigeria. Genius-idea drones and DJI Phantom 3 Standard Drones were used in this study. The targeted professionals/stakeholder was architects, builders, engineers, quantity surveyors, land surveyors, estate surveyors and clients. However, 242 people responded to the questionnaire. Data collated was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software version 23.0 for windows. However, 66% of respondents were aware of drone concept in construction monitoring while 51% respondents adopted drones in different sectors of construction monitoring. However, in safety and security monitoring 17.6% adoption was indicated as low between stakeholders in the Enugu State Building Construction industry. The use of drones in the developed world namely America, Europe, China, Australia and India have been employed in safety and security monitoring and in construction progress monitoring of both high rising and vast projects with great success. In the Nigerian perspective, drones as a tool for monitoring safety and security of all phases of construction are still at the nascent stage. The effective use of drones in Nigeria is encouraged since reality imagery collected from drones could be used for analyzing and evaluating of ongoing construction activity like planning movement on site and monitoring materials on site and could be stored for future references. Key words: Quadcopter drone (UAV), reality images, safety and security monitoring, DJI Phantom 3 standard.
由于缺乏建筑数据和事故记录，尼日利亚建筑行业的危险性质令人震惊，这些事故导致了平均建筑工地的生命损失、财产损失、伤害和材料损失。本研究的目的和目的是了解如何有效地使用无人机监控安全和安保在尼日利亚建筑工地可以改善危险的现场情况。另一方面，为了实现本研究的目的和目标，假设如下:检查尼日利亚埃努古州无人机的意识水平?尼日利亚埃努古州的建筑利益相关者采用无人机的程度如何?研究使用无人机/无人机(四轴飞行器)在尼日利亚埃努古州建筑工地进行安全和安保监测的局限性。本研究使用了Genius-idea无人机和DJI Phantom 3标准无人机。目标专业人士/利益相关者是建筑师、建筑商、工程师、工料测量师、土地测量师、产业测量师和客户。然而，有242人回答了调查问卷。整理后的数据采用SPSS 23.0 for windows计算机软件进行分析。然而，66%的受访者知道无人机在建筑监控中的概念，51%的受访者在建筑监控的不同领域采用了无人机。然而，在安全和安保监测方面，17.6%的采用率在埃努古州建筑行业的利益相关者之间被认为是低的。在美国、欧洲、中国、澳大利亚和印度等发达国家，无人机已经应用于高层和大型项目的安全监控和施工进度监控，并取得了巨大的成功。在尼日利亚看来，无人机作为监控建筑各个阶段安全保障的工具仍处于起步阶段。尼日利亚鼓励有效使用无人机，因为从无人机收集的现实图像可用于分析和评估正在进行的建筑活动，如现场规划运动和现场监测材料，并可存储以备将来参考。关键词:四轴无人机，实景图像，安防监控，大疆幻影3标准
{"title":"Effective use of Quadcopter drones for safety and security monitoring in a building construction sites: Case study Enugu Metropolis Nigeria","authors":"O. O. Patrick, Ezekiel. O E Nnadi, Henry C. Ajaelu","doi":"10.5897/JETR2020.0695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JETR2020.0695","url":null,"abstract":"The hazardous nature of the Nigerian building construction industry due to lack of construction data and records of incidents which have led to loss of life, property damage, injuries and loss of materials in an average construction site is alarming. The aim and objective of this study is to know how effective the use of drone to monitor safety and security in Nigerian Building Construction site can improve dangerous site situations. In other to achieve the aim and objective of this study the following were postulated: To examine the level of awareness of drones in Enugu State Nigeria? What is the level of adoption of drones among construction stakeholder in Enugu State Nigeria? To examine the limitations of using drones/UAVs (Quadcopter) for safety and security monitoring within Building Construction sites in Enugu State Nigeria. Genius-idea drones and DJI Phantom 3 Standard Drones were used in this study. The targeted professionals/stakeholder was architects, builders, engineers, quantity surveyors, land surveyors, estate surveyors and clients. However, 242 people responded to the questionnaire. Data collated was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software version 23.0 for windows. However, 66% of respondents were aware of drone concept in construction monitoring while 51% respondents adopted drones in different sectors of construction monitoring. However, in safety and security monitoring 17.6% adoption was indicated as low between stakeholders in the Enugu State Building Construction industry. The use of drones in the developed world namely America, Europe, China, Australia and India have been employed in safety and security monitoring and in construction progress monitoring of both high rising and vast projects with great success. In the Nigerian perspective, drones as a tool for monitoring safety and security of all phases of construction are still at the nascent stage. The effective use of drones in Nigeria is encouraged since reality imagery collected from drones could be used for analyzing and evaluating of ongoing construction activity like planning movement on site and monitoring materials on site and could be stored for future references. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quadcopter drone (UAV), reality images, safety and security monitoring, DJI Phantom 3 standard.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73472229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-26DOI: 10.36347/SJET.2020.V08I10.001
Asha Saturday, O BolariwaGabriel, A. Adeyemi
Review Article Africans and the rest of the world have started embracing the use of herbal products. The need to develop machines for indigenous fabrication that meet the standard for acceptability in terms of hygiene and engineering standard necessitated this concept of using steam to extract the pigment from back of trees and leaves especially roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) (red variety) popularly called zobo in Nigeria culled from zoborodo (Hausa language).The red pigment can be extracted through this machine. Reduction in material handling and commercial production is favored with this machine. It comprises the heating section, water section and the herbal material section which lead to the condenser and the mixer where other ingredients are introduced. It requires as an ideal heat to evaporate the water for extraction using electricity in one hour .Materials used are corrosion resistant materials like stainless steel and plastic.
{"title":"Development of Plant Pigment Extraction Machine","authors":"Asha Saturday, O BolariwaGabriel, A. Adeyemi","doi":"10.36347/SJET.2020.V08I10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36347/SJET.2020.V08I10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Review Article Africans and the rest of the world have started embracing the use of herbal products. The need to develop machines for indigenous fabrication that meet the standard for acceptability in terms of hygiene and engineering standard necessitated this concept of using steam to extract the pigment from back of trees and leaves especially roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) (red variety) popularly called zobo in Nigeria culled from zoborodo (Hausa language).The red pigment can be extracted through this machine. Reduction in material handling and commercial production is favored with this machine. It comprises the heating section, water section and the herbal material section which lead to the condenser and the mixer where other ingredients are introduced. It requires as an ideal heat to evaporate the water for extraction using electricity in one hour .Materials used are corrosion resistant materials like stainless steel and plastic.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88178098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.007
P. Neupane
Rapid urbanization demands the expansion of infrastructures. The land is a prerequisite to expand those facilities and services; however, urban lands are underutilized, fragmented into smaller pieces, and higher in price. This makes land acquisition lengthy, costly, and ignites social and political issues. Since land acquisition for infra projects demand higher upfront project cost that increases project cost, so this research examines the effectiveness of the innovative method to supply urban land for housing and other infrastructure without land acquisition. This study illustrates the concept of land readjustment with the case study from Nepal, which is implemented in partnership with a private partner (landowners). The study also examines some challenges in project implementation and provides a recommendation for speedy implementation. The result shows that major beneficiaries are both landowners and the government. The value of land increases for landowners, and the government can value capture since the public goods such as roads, drainage, water supply, parks, and other facilities are provided through landowner’s contribution. The self-financing, innovation and costrecovery characteristics of land readjustment make it an excellent example of public private partnership (PPP) at a smaller scale for sustainable urban development. The findings from this study are important for experiences sharing in the regional context, and the issues identified draws the attention of further researchers and policymakers.
{"title":"Public Private Partnership in Land Readjustment Project: A Case Study of Nepal","authors":"P. Neupane","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.007","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization demands the expansion of infrastructures. The land is a prerequisite to expand those facilities and services; however, urban lands are underutilized, fragmented into smaller pieces, and higher in price. This makes land acquisition lengthy, costly, and ignites social and political issues. Since land acquisition for infra projects demand higher upfront project cost that increases project cost, so this research examines the effectiveness of the innovative method to supply urban land for housing and other infrastructure without land acquisition. This study illustrates the concept of land readjustment with the case study from Nepal, which is implemented in partnership with a private partner (landowners). The study also examines some challenges in project implementation and provides a recommendation for speedy implementation. The result shows that major beneficiaries are both landowners and the government. The value of land increases for landowners, and the government can value capture since the public goods such as roads, drainage, water supply, parks, and other facilities are provided through landowner’s contribution. The self-financing, innovation and costrecovery characteristics of land readjustment make it an excellent example of public private partnership (PPP) at a smaller scale for sustainable urban development. The findings from this study are important for experiences sharing in the regional context, and the issues identified draws the attention of further researchers and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81611003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.004
P. Neupane, Hyunjoo Kim
Most cities under traditional operation mode, which does not use modern communication technologies, are facing urban issues such as energy crisis. To ensure the quality of living in cities, many governments and organizations are coming with different innovative ideas. Recently, the concept of a sustainable smart city has been introduced. Studies have indicated that facility management is the key to achieving sustainability; however, it is challenging to integrate heterogeneous data. The traditional computing tools are inefficient to process big data, and the operating platform for facility management is mostly two dimensional. This research introduces the framework based on GIS-BIM-AI to solve those problems. The framework is applied to energy demand management in the small part of the real city, its prototype is developed, and performance is evaluated where the most important achievement is the development of a smart city operating platform that has single 3D data repository, efficient AI-based urban analytics tools, and powerful 3D visualization with a control centre to visualize, operate and manage facilities. All these features improve the quality of services and citizen’s satisfaction, saves resources, time and cost, enhances transparency,and promote public participation in decision making, which are the core principles for sustainability.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework of Facility Management with Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Smart City","authors":"P. Neupane, Hyunjoo Kim","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Most cities under traditional operation mode, which does not use modern communication technologies, are facing urban issues such as energy crisis. To ensure the quality of living in cities, many governments and organizations are coming with different innovative ideas. Recently, the concept of a sustainable smart city has been introduced. Studies have indicated that facility management is the key to achieving sustainability; however, it is challenging to integrate heterogeneous data. The traditional computing tools are inefficient to process big data, and the operating platform for facility management is mostly two dimensional. This research introduces the framework based on GIS-BIM-AI to solve those problems. The framework is applied to energy demand management in the small part of the real city, its prototype is developed, and performance is evaluated where the most important achievement is the development of a smart city operating platform that has single 3D data repository, efficient AI-based urban analytics tools, and powerful 3D visualization with a control centre to visualize, operate and manage facilities. All these features improve the quality of services and citizen’s satisfaction, saves resources, time and cost, enhances transparency,and promote public participation in decision making, which are the core principles for sustainability.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"366-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89661567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.006
N. Chowdhury, Nayer H. Sultana, A. Iqbal, T. Kamal, Ariful Islam
Jute is the golden fibre of Bangladesh, we hold a large share in the international jute market. Traditionally jute fiber is used to produce yarn and woven fabric. The properties of jute fiber indicates that it can be successfully used to produce knitted fabrics. We can use jute instead of synthetic fibre.This work compares the major quality parameters of knit fabric – weight, fabric density, dimensional stability, spirality, bursting strength, abrasion resistance and pilling, thermal conductivity and wash fastness are tested and assessed the performance of jute in replace of synthetic or cotton for apparel concern. All results are better and acceptable as compare to ISO norms.
{"title":"Development and Characterization of Knit Fabric from Jute Fibre","authors":"N. Chowdhury, Nayer H. Sultana, A. Iqbal, T. Kamal, Ariful Islam","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Jute is the golden fibre of Bangladesh, we hold a large share in the international jute market. Traditionally jute fiber is used to produce yarn and woven fabric. The properties of jute fiber indicates that it can be successfully used to produce knitted fabrics. We can use jute instead of synthetic fibre.This work compares the major quality parameters of knit fabric – weight, fabric density, dimensional stability, spirality, bursting strength, abrasion resistance and pilling, thermal conductivity and wash fastness are tested and assessed the performance of jute in replace of synthetic or cotton for apparel concern. All results are better and acceptable as compare to ISO norms.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"392-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74438418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-18DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.003
Ibrat Razhabov, A. Safoyev, M. Agzamov, D. Yuldashev
The article presents research materials to ensure an increase in the intensity of purification of raw cotton from fine litter in a ginnery. It is indicated that in existing cleaners of raw cotton from impurities, the process is mainly carried out due to the shock-disintegrating effect of the working bodies of the machine on the processed material. To improve the efficiency of cleaning raw cotton from fine litter, it is proposed to use a cleaner with different types of working bodies, and such a combined fine litter cleaner consisting of a ring and screw working body has been developed. Experimental studies have found that with the use of such a cleaner there is an increase in the cleaning effect by 5% (abs.). The theory of the movement of an isolated material point (leafjets of raw cotton) in a screw working body is considered. It has been determined that at an optimum angle of elevation of the helix, the maximum axial speed and productivity of the screw working body of the cleaner are ensured. It is indicated that the critical radii establish the boundaries of the regions where the material particles acquire the screw angular velocity and their axial displacement ceases.
{"title":"Cleaner of Raw Cotton with a Screw Working Body","authors":"Ibrat Razhabov, A. Safoyev, M. Agzamov, D. Yuldashev","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.003","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents research materials to ensure an increase in the intensity of purification of raw cotton from fine litter in a ginnery. It is indicated that in existing cleaners of raw cotton from impurities, the process is mainly carried out due to the shock-disintegrating effect of the working bodies of the machine on the processed material. To improve the efficiency of cleaning raw cotton from fine litter, it is proposed to use a cleaner with different types of working bodies, and such a combined fine litter cleaner consisting of a ring and screw working body has been developed. Experimental studies have found that with the use of such a cleaner there is an increase in the cleaning effect by 5% (abs.). The theory of the movement of an isolated material point (leafjets of raw cotton) in a screw working body is considered. It has been determined that at an optimum angle of elevation of the helix, the maximum axial speed and productivity of the screw working body of the cleaner are ensured. It is indicated that the critical radii establish the boundaries of the regions where the material particles acquire the screw angular velocity and their axial displacement ceases.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"361-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80816454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-11DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.008
X. Run
the toxic fuel is harmful to human health and environment in earth, so that simulation is studied to find the relation of inflamer and time and temperature in Engine is important now. CO and NO is searched with the mass ratio and find the NO is bigger than CO under certain time. Meantime the more value of them contains the more emitted gas will be with the consuming of 7.6lit/h. The CO and NO will incline when their concentration incline from 0.2% to 4%. CO with the engine internal diameter being 87mm is higher than its 75mm. The big one has higher value than the small one. With the increasing temperature the inflamer is high, the temperature is big since the power is big too.
{"title":"Simulation of Harmful Fuel Inflamer through Outlet & Maximum Pressure in Cylinder with Temperature in Engine of Vehicles","authors":"X. Run","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.008","url":null,"abstract":"the toxic fuel is harmful to human health and environment in earth, so that simulation is studied to find the relation of inflamer and time and temperature in Engine is important now. CO and NO is searched with the mass ratio and find the NO is bigger than CO under certain time. Meantime the more value of them contains the more emitted gas will be with the consuming of 7.6lit/h. The CO and NO will incline when their concentration incline from 0.2% to 4%. CO with the engine internal diameter being 87mm is higher than its 75mm. The big one has higher value than the small one. With the increasing temperature the inflamer is high, the temperature is big since the power is big too.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"364-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76897229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mathematical Simulation of the Influence of Volatile Matter Cloud on Heterogeneous Ignition of Single Coal Particles","authors":"H. Katalambula","doi":"10.52339/TJET.V27I1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52339/TJET.V27I1.345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.001
L. A. J. Hamidu
Wood has been the most essential components of engineering materials in the building and construction sector. Except for industrial roofing, virtually all roofing in building is done with wood. The flakes or chips generated from resizing of wood logs results in waste known as sawdust waste. The generated sawdust is not used for any economic value; thus, the dumps are either burnt or decomposed in the surrounding and flakes generated from wood plaining are used as adsorbent in poultry house. Nevertheless, bulk of it end up as waste littered on the environment being a menace to the ecosystem. In this work, sawdust from softwood, hardwood and rice husk were processed and characterized to study their functional groups and fingerprints using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, with the aim of identifying its compatibility for use in composite material production with an appropriate binder for comfort of occupants in indoor build environment. The instrument operates on wide range of wave numbers which identify the existing functional group (4000 cm-1 1500 cm-1) and fingerprint (1500 cm -1 – 400 cm -1 ) in the assign band at a particular intensity within the wavenumber radiation frequency. The results from this study revealed that, softwood sawdust showed 11 peaks containing mainly aromatic compound dominated by alcohols and phenols, hardwood sawdust showed 21 peaks containing carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes and nitrile in addition to the alcohols and phenols in softwood sawdust and rice husks showed 23 peaks in the spectra in addition to the aromatic compounds it contain glutamines, nitriles and carboxylic compounds found in starch and pharmaceutical use. Both materials have the industrial potentials in particleboard production and can provide friendly indoor quality in building environment.
{"title":"Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Sawdust and Rice Husks Waste: A Raw Material for Eco-Friendly Composite Production","authors":"L. A. J. Hamidu","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Wood has been the most essential components of engineering materials in the building and construction sector. Except for industrial roofing, virtually all roofing in building is done with wood. The flakes or chips generated from resizing of wood logs results in waste known as sawdust waste. The generated sawdust is not used for any economic value; thus, the dumps are either burnt or decomposed in the surrounding and flakes generated from wood plaining are used as adsorbent in poultry house. Nevertheless, bulk of it end up as waste littered on the environment being a menace to the ecosystem. In this work, sawdust from softwood, hardwood and rice husk were processed and characterized to study their functional groups and fingerprints using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, with the aim of identifying its compatibility for use in composite material production with an appropriate binder for comfort of occupants in indoor build environment. The instrument operates on wide range of wave numbers which identify the existing functional group (4000 cm-1 1500 cm-1) and fingerprint (1500 cm -1 – 400 cm -1 ) in the assign band at a particular intensity within the wavenumber radiation frequency. The results from this study revealed that, softwood sawdust showed 11 peaks containing mainly aromatic compound dominated by alcohols and phenols, hardwood sawdust showed 21 peaks containing carboxylic acids, aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes and nitrile in addition to the alcohols and phenols in softwood sawdust and rice husks showed 23 peaks in the spectra in addition to the aromatic compounds it contain glutamines, nitriles and carboxylic compounds found in starch and pharmaceutical use. Both materials have the industrial potentials in particleboard production and can provide friendly indoor quality in building environment.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"343-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-05DOI: 10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.002
Wisdom Opare, Peter Otchere
Soil moisture monitoring system is the combination of devices that can sense soil moisture, read or store data, and transmit data to a computer, which helps organize, visualize and interpret the soil moisture data. The optimum plant growth is basically dependent on the appropriate water level in the soil. In order to maximize the quality of crops and conserve water resources during irrigation, the soil moisture monitoring device is developed to evaluate and control the amount of water required. In this current project, an op-amp based comparator circuit was used coupled with relay units which controlled the water pumps. Results obtained from the measurement have shown that the system performance is quite reliable and accurate. Field experience has also shown that soil moisture sensors are very useful in diagnosing the changes needed and to fine-tune irrigation practices. The use of these easily available components reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs. This therefore, makes the proposed system to be an economical, appropriate and a low maintenance solution for applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale agriculturist.
{"title":"Design and Construction of an Automatic Sensor Probe for Soil Moisture Monitoring System","authors":"Wisdom Opare, Peter Otchere","doi":"10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJET.2020.V05I10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture monitoring system is the combination of devices that can sense soil moisture, read or store data, and transmit data to a computer, which helps organize, visualize and interpret the soil moisture data. The optimum plant growth is basically dependent on the appropriate water level in the soil. In order to maximize the quality of crops and conserve water resources during irrigation, the soil moisture monitoring device is developed to evaluate and control the amount of water required. In this current project, an op-amp based comparator circuit was used coupled with relay units which controlled the water pumps. Results obtained from the measurement have shown that the system performance is quite reliable and accurate. Field experience has also shown that soil moisture sensors are very useful in diagnosing the changes needed and to fine-tune irrigation practices. The use of these easily available components reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs. This therefore, makes the proposed system to be an economical, appropriate and a low maintenance solution for applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale agriculturist.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90592137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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