Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.559
Kamoru Seidu, Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad, I. Ozigis
The study examined municipal solid wastes characteristics of Gosa dumpsite at Abuja, Nigeria. Waste characterization has not yet been given adequate attention in management of waste in Nigeria and it is a major problem that affects waste materials handling and recovery processes. Wastes samples from Gosa waste dump site, Abuja, were randomly collected and subjected to moisture content, composition, density and size distribution determinations according to prescribed standards in literature. The moisture content of the Gosa waste solid was 19.3%. The results of the characterization of the Gosa municipal solid wastes show 34% organic, 10% paper, 28% plastic, 2% glass, 6% metal, 4% fabric, 2% rubber and 14% dust. The average density of glass, metal, plastic, fabric, rubber, paper, organic and dust materials were 0.044 kg/m 3 , 0.045 kg/m 3 , 0.176 kg/m 3 , 0.043 kg/m 3 , 0.042 kg/m 3 , 0.074 kg/m 3 , 0.143 kg/m 3 and 0.098 kg/m 3 , respectively. The size distribution of the Gosa solid waste ranges from 10-28 cm for metals and plastics and 3-13 cm for paper and glass. The rubber had size ranges from 8-23 cm while size ranges of organic was from 3-6 cm. The large presence of organic, plastic, paper and metal wastes at Gosa waste dump site, is an indication that the municipal solid wastes can be sorted, recycled and processed to other useful products, using the characteristics as a guide. Keyword: Characterization, Density, Municipal Solid Waste, Size Distribution, Waste Management
{"title":"Characterization of Gosa Municipal Solid Wastes at Abuja, Nigeria","authors":"Kamoru Seidu, Ibrahim Dauda Muhammad, I. Ozigis","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.559","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined municipal solid wastes characteristics of Gosa dumpsite at Abuja, Nigeria. Waste characterization has not yet been given adequate attention in management of waste in Nigeria and it is a major problem that affects waste materials handling and recovery processes. Wastes samples from Gosa waste dump site, Abuja, were randomly collected and subjected to moisture content, composition, density and size distribution determinations according to prescribed standards in literature. The moisture content of the Gosa waste solid was 19.3%. The results of the characterization of the Gosa municipal solid wastes show 34% organic, 10% paper, 28% plastic, 2% glass, 6% metal, 4% fabric, 2% rubber and 14% dust. The average density of glass, metal, plastic, fabric, rubber, paper, organic and dust materials were 0.044 kg/m 3 , 0.045 kg/m 3 , 0.176 kg/m 3 , 0.043 kg/m 3 , 0.042 kg/m 3 , 0.074 kg/m 3 , 0.143 kg/m 3 and 0.098 kg/m 3 , respectively. The size distribution of the Gosa solid waste ranges from 10-28 cm for metals and plastics and 3-13 cm for paper and glass. The rubber had size ranges from 8-23 cm while size ranges of organic was from 3-6 cm. The large presence of organic, plastic, paper and metal wastes at Gosa waste dump site, is an indication that the municipal solid wastes can be sorted, recycled and processed to other useful products, using the characteristics as a guide. Keyword: Characterization, Density, Municipal Solid Waste, Size Distribution, Waste Management","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.595
S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, D. O. Akande, R. O. Omowaiye
White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases. Keywords — Cognitive Radio, White Space, Spectrum Sensing, Probability of Detection, Spectral Efficiency.
白空间探测(WSD)是认知无线电系统(CRS)的一项核心工作，用于识别空闲频谱以实现最大利用率。然而，污水处理经常受到多径效应的影响，导致检出率较低。协作WSD (Cooperative WSD, CWSD)是目前用于解决该问题的技术之一，其特点是传感时间长、能量低、带宽低。节能水务系统(EECWSD)是在过去的工作中提出的，以解决与水务系统有关的问题。因此，本文使用辐射测量检测器(RD)来研究簇在EECWSD中的影响。该调查使用多个集群进行，每个集群包含多个Secondary user (su)。利用单元进行局部感知，并利用多数融合规则将感知结果在单个聚类上进行组合。利用OR融合规则将单个聚类的感知结果进行组合，得到全局感知结果。利用MATLAB软件对系统进行了仿真。通过检测概率(PD)、总误差概率(TEP)、光谱效率(SE)和传感时间(ST)对系统进行评估。在信噪比为20 dB时，聚类3、4和5的PD值分别为0.7890、0.8376和0.8787，聚类3、4和5的TEP值分别为0.2210、0.1724和0.1313。在信噪比为16 dB时，簇3和簇5的SE值分别为13.2594和16.4341，而簇3和簇5的ST值分别为4.2487和2.6177 s。结果表明，PD和SE随着簇数的增加而增加，ST和TEP随着簇数的增加而减少。关键词:认知无线电，空白空间，频谱感知，检测概率，频谱效率。
{"title":"Effect of Clusters in Energy-Efficient Cooperative White Space Detection in a Cognitive Radio System","authors":"S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, D. O. Akande, R. O. Omowaiye","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.595","url":null,"abstract":"White Space Detection (WSD) is a core operation in a Cognitive Radio System (CRS) to identify idle spectrum for maximum utilization. However, WSD is often affected by multipath effects resulting in poor detection rate. Cooperative WSD (CWSD) which is one of the existing techniques used to address the problem is characterized by long sensing time, energy and bandwidth inefficiency. Energy-Efficient CWSD (EECWSD) was proposed in previous work to solve the problem associated with CWSD. Hence, in this paper, the effect of clusters in EECWSD is carried out with Radiometry Detector (RD). The investigation is carried out using multiple clusters and each cluster contained multiple Secondary Users (SUs). The SUs are used to perform local sensing and the sensing results are combined at individual cluster using majority fusion rule. The sensing results from individual cluster are combined to obtain global sensing result using OR fusion rule. The system is simulated using MATLAB software. The system is evaluated using Probability of Detection (PD), Total Error Probability (TEP), Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Sensing Time (ST). At SNR of 20 dB, PD values of 0.7890, 0.8376 and 0.8787 are obtained for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding TEP values are 0.2210, 0.1724 and 0.1313 for clusters 3, 4 and 5, respectively. At SNR of 16 dB, 13.2594 and 16.4341 are the SE values obtained for clusters 3 and 5, respectively, while the corresponding ST values obtained are 4.2487 and 2.6177 s for clusters 3 and 5, respectively. The results obtained revealed that, PD and SE increase as number of cluster increases, while ST and TEP reduce as cluster increases. Keywords — Cognitive Radio, White Space, Spectrum Sensing, Probability of Detection, Spectral Efficiency.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82917063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.570
B. Eboibi
Producing biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae has the potential to complement fossil fuels, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, biocrude recovery from the HTL reaction product has been a concern. In this study, analysis of yields and property of biocrude recovered with and without using dichloromethane (DCM) organic solvent was investigated. The HTL experiment were performed at reaction temperature of 350 o C and 20 min reaction time using 16 w/w % solids each of Spirulina sp. and Tetraselmis sp. Data obtained showed that use of DCM favours maximum biocrude yield but of lower quality when compared with DCM-free biocrude. Biocrude yield of 58wt% was obtained from Tetraselmis sp. and 48wt% from Spirulina sp. when DCM was used. About 38 and 40wt% biocrude yields were derived with DCM-free recovery process. Higher carbon content, energy dense, and lower heteroatoms content constitutes biocrude recovered without DCM treatment, which is in contrast to the biocrude recovered with DCM. In addition, an average energy input of 13MJ/kg is required to produce unit biocrude, with an additional energy input ~0.5MJ/kg to evaporate DCM when used in biocrude recovery. Keywords — Bio-energy, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Microalgae, Organic solvent, Separation method
{"title":"Analysis of Processing Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalgae Reaction Product with and without Dichloromethane Solvent for Biocrude Recovery","authors":"B. Eboibi","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.570","url":null,"abstract":"Producing biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae has the potential to complement fossil fuels, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, biocrude recovery from the HTL reaction product has been a concern. In this study, analysis of yields and property of biocrude recovered with and without using dichloromethane (DCM) organic solvent was investigated. The HTL experiment were performed at reaction temperature of 350 o C and 20 min reaction time using 16 w/w % solids each of Spirulina sp. and Tetraselmis sp. Data obtained showed that use of DCM favours maximum biocrude yield but of lower quality when compared with DCM-free biocrude. Biocrude yield of 58wt% was obtained from Tetraselmis sp. and 48wt% from Spirulina sp. when DCM was used. About 38 and 40wt% biocrude yields were derived with DCM-free recovery process. Higher carbon content, energy dense, and lower heteroatoms content constitutes biocrude recovered without DCM treatment, which is in contrast to the biocrude recovered with DCM. In addition, an average energy input of 13MJ/kg is required to produce unit biocrude, with an additional energy input ~0.5MJ/kg to evaporate DCM when used in biocrude recovery. Keywords — Bio-energy, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Microalgae, Organic solvent, Separation method","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74463293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.564
Abass O Adisa, S. Eludiora
Vehicle registration and licensing systems have been in existence for decades. However, there has been over 55% increase in the number of reported stolen vehicles which have not been recovered in the last 3 years. Therefore, there is need to improve on its existing systems by incorporating anti-theft capability of vehicles using fingerprint biometric technology. In developing the Secured Vehicle Registration System (SVRS), data on vehicle registration, renewal and change of ownership procedures were collected from the Motor Licensing Office at Osogbo. Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools was used for the system design, to illustrate the whole system in a clearer way, and implemented using JavaScript, PHP scripting language, HTML, XAMPP SQLServer and the Mantra MFS100 fingerprint scanner. The system performance was evaluated by authenticating registered vehicle owner biometric to calculate the Accuracy, Average Response Time (ART) and Apdex Score. The result of the evaluation using 288 fingerprint templates of 72 vehicle owners shows the False Accept Rate (FAR) of 0.0% and False Reject Rate (FRR) of 2.1%, which is equivalent to a system accuracy of 97.9%. The ART for the fingerprint execution matching is 36.3 microseconds while the overall system satisfaction Apdex score recorded was 0.73, which denotes a satisfying system. The high-speed verification method uses the lowest computational power and execution time to deliver accurate results through making a match or non-match against stored templates. The developed system demonstrated its ability to link vehicle(s) to its respective owner(s) and also function as an automatic identity verification system for vehicle owners using VIN and fingerprint. The system has the ability to be employed for preventing fraudulent change of ownership and also help reduce delay in processing vehicle license. Keywords — authentication, biometrics, database, fraudulent, information protection, motor vehicle administration, motor vehicle registry, security code, vehicle owners
{"title":"An Improved Vehicle Registration and Licensing System","authors":"Abass O Adisa, S. Eludiora","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.564","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle registration and licensing systems have been in existence for decades. However, there has been over 55% increase in the number of reported stolen vehicles which have not been recovered in the last 3 years. Therefore, there is need to improve on its existing systems by incorporating anti-theft capability of vehicles using fingerprint biometric technology. In developing the Secured Vehicle Registration System (SVRS), data on vehicle registration, renewal and change of ownership procedures were collected from the Motor Licensing Office at Osogbo. Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools was used for the system design, to illustrate the whole system in a clearer way, and implemented using JavaScript, PHP scripting language, HTML, XAMPP SQLServer and the Mantra MFS100 fingerprint scanner. The system performance was evaluated by authenticating registered vehicle owner biometric to calculate the Accuracy, Average Response Time (ART) and Apdex Score. The result of the evaluation using 288 fingerprint templates of 72 vehicle owners shows the False Accept Rate (FAR) of 0.0% and False Reject Rate (FRR) of 2.1%, which is equivalent to a system accuracy of 97.9%. The ART for the fingerprint execution matching is 36.3 microseconds while the overall system satisfaction Apdex score recorded was 0.73, which denotes a satisfying system. The high-speed verification method uses the lowest computational power and execution time to deliver accurate results through making a match or non-match against stored templates. The developed system demonstrated its ability to link vehicle(s) to its respective owner(s) and also function as an automatic identity verification system for vehicle owners using VIN and fingerprint. The system has the ability to be employed for preventing fraudulent change of ownership and also help reduce delay in processing vehicle license. Keywords — authentication, biometrics, database, fraudulent, information protection, motor vehicle administration, motor vehicle registry, security code, vehicle owners","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-8
M. R. Smirnov
{"title":"SCADA system to investigate an experimental nonlinear control system for an electric discharge machine","authors":"M. R. Smirnov","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-10
D. Tukmakov
{"title":"Zero-dimensional mathematical model of heat transfer in a powder medium","authors":"D. Tukmakov","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"82 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83384688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-1
V. Petrov
{"title":"Friend or foe radio frequency identification system","authors":"V. Petrov","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77313628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-10
Andrey A. Vol'skov, Vladislav Borisov
{"title":"Circuit design model for linear ramp generator","authors":"Andrey A. Vol'skov, Vladislav Borisov","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73477102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-11
A. Grishko, Andrey V. Moiseev, Elizaveta I. Grishko, Yu. E. Gerasimova
{"title":"Fuzzy model for design decision-making based on interval analysis of heterogeneous information","authors":"A. Grishko, Andrey V. Moiseev, Elizaveta I. Grishko, Yu. E. Gerasimova","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86519009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-2
O. Timokhina
{"title":"Blood oxygen saturation measuring channel for telehealth monitoring system of COVID-19 patient's condition","authors":"O. Timokhina","doi":"10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21685/2587-7704-2021-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86305026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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