Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.618
A. Ehinmowo, O. Ariyo, O. A. Ohiro, O. Fajemidupe, K. Salam
The correct prediction of minimum transport condition (MTC) is of great importance to the oil and gas industry. The sand deposition is an associated problem of multiphase transportation of oil, gas and or solid. The purpose of this work is to investigate the predictive capability of three different data-driven approaches: Artificial neural networks (ANN), Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system or adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and response surface methodologies (RSM). The models were developed using182 experimental data points with input parameters such as liquid superficial velocity, pipe diameter, particle size, pipe inclination and the output parameter predicted is the minimum transport condition (velocity) for sand particles. The developed models were compared with existing models. The results showed that the three methods performed creditably well in the prediction of MTC with ANFIS having the highest predictive capability with an R 2 value of 0.99997 and an average error value of 0.00035836 compared with ANN and RSM having R 2 value of 0.9998 and 0.9973 respectively. The three data-driven techniques investigated in this study also outperformed published correlations for the prediction of MTC. The findings from this research can be invaluable for the effective and robust management of sand transport in multiphase flow systems. Keywords — Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Inference System, Model, Minimum Transport Condition, Optimization methods, Response Surface Methodology
{"title":"An Improved Data-Driven Model for the Prediction of Minimum Transport Condition for Sand Transport in Multiphase Flow Systems","authors":"A. Ehinmowo, O. Ariyo, O. A. Ohiro, O. Fajemidupe, K. Salam","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.618","url":null,"abstract":"The correct prediction of minimum transport condition (MTC) is of great importance to the oil and gas industry. The sand deposition is an associated problem of multiphase transportation of oil, gas and or solid. The purpose of this work is to investigate the predictive capability of three different data-driven approaches: Artificial neural networks (ANN), Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system or adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and response surface methodologies (RSM). The models were developed using182 experimental data points with input parameters such as liquid superficial velocity, pipe diameter, particle size, pipe inclination and the output parameter predicted is the minimum transport condition (velocity) for sand particles. The developed models were compared with existing models. The results showed that the three methods performed creditably well in the prediction of MTC with ANFIS having the highest predictive capability with an R 2 value of 0.99997 and an average error value of 0.00035836 compared with ANN and RSM having R 2 value of 0.9998 and 0.9973 respectively. The three data-driven techniques investigated in this study also outperformed published correlations for the prediction of MTC. The findings from this research can be invaluable for the effective and robust management of sand transport in multiphase flow systems. Keywords — Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Inference System, Model, Minimum Transport Condition, Optimization methods, Response Surface Methodology","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76467288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.580
E. O. Oyedeji, M. Dauda, S. Yaro, M. Abdulwahab
The study discusses an overview of small rocket program, development and characterization of locally sourced material at low cost. The aim is to enable the construction of small sounding rocket components for experimental purposes in Nigeria. This paper proposes the utilization of palm kernel shell ash as filler materials in the development, characterization and production of composite material to construct prototype reusable chamber and accessories that will enable it possible for small scientific experiments. To achieve this, particle size and particle range distribution on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of (Al–Mg–Si)/PKSA composites developed by powder metallurgy method were investigated. The access in the 6xxx series of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was investigated for this reason. ImageJ software was used to do particle size analysis professionally and the software was used to calculate the area, mean, standard deviation (SD) and the pixel values. The particle size distribution of big constituent (densification or rather densified solids) particles and small dispersoids possess a finer and slightly elongated grain structure when compared with the unreinforced alloy. The results of the XRD and XRF of all the samples considered showed that Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 and MgO phases were common to all. These hard phases are considered to be responsible for improved mechanical properties and resistance of the composite, while the SEM result showed that the reinforcement was uniformly distributed which further improves the mechanical property of the composite. Keywords: Microstructure, Composite, Rocket, Palm Kernel
{"title":"Influence of Particle Size and Particle Range Distribution on the Microstructure of Al–Mg–Si/PKSA Composite for Amateur Solid Rocket Chamber","authors":"E. O. Oyedeji, M. Dauda, S. Yaro, M. Abdulwahab","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.580","url":null,"abstract":"The study discusses an overview of small rocket program, development and characterization of locally sourced material at low cost. The aim is to enable the construction of small sounding rocket components for experimental purposes in Nigeria. This paper proposes the utilization of palm kernel shell ash as filler materials in the development, characterization and production of composite material to construct prototype reusable chamber and accessories that will enable it possible for small scientific experiments. To achieve this, particle size and particle range distribution on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of (Al–Mg–Si)/PKSA composites developed by powder metallurgy method were investigated. The access in the 6xxx series of aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy was investigated for this reason. ImageJ software was used to do particle size analysis professionally and the software was used to calculate the area, mean, standard deviation (SD) and the pixel values. The particle size distribution of big constituent (densification or rather densified solids) particles and small dispersoids possess a finer and slightly elongated grain structure when compared with the unreinforced alloy. The results of the XRD and XRF of all the samples considered showed that Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 and MgO phases were common to all. These hard phases are considered to be responsible for improved mechanical properties and resistance of the composite, while the SEM result showed that the reinforcement was uniformly distributed which further improves the mechanical property of the composite. Keywords: Microstructure, Composite, Rocket, Palm Kernel","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.566
Lydia A Adepoju, Z. Osunde, K. J. Falua
A common way of maintaining essential nutrients in fruits and vegetables is through novel food processing techniques such as pretreatment. This study investigated the influence of pretreatment methods on the proximate composition, vitamin C and β-carotene contents of oven dried pawpaw. Fresh, ripe pawpaw fruit were peeled, sliced and pretreated with three pretreatments – ascorbic acid dip (0.45% w/v), honey dip (0.25% v/v) and steam blanching (100 °C). The fruit slices were soaked in ascorbic acid and honey solutions for 4 min while steam blanching was done for 2 min. Untreated pawpaw sample served as the control. The treated and control samples were dried at an average temperature of 65 °C. Results showed that vitamin C of dried pawpaw samples pretreated with honey dip had the highest retention of vitamin C (116.05 mg/100g) compared to ascorbic acid treated (98.90 mg/100g), steam blanched (109.02 mg/100g), and control samples (77.02 mg/100g). In terms of β-carotene, pawpaw sample treated with ascorbic acid solution had the highest value of 12.68 mg/100g. The use of honey and ascorbic acid solutions as treatments prior to drying can improve the retention of nutrients such as vitamin C and β-carotene in dried fruits. Keywords —Pretreatments, proximate properties, vitamin C, β-carotene
{"title":"Changes in Proximate Composition, Vitamin C and β-Carotene Contents of Oven Dried Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Fruit as Influenced by Pretreatment Methods","authors":"Lydia A Adepoju, Z. Osunde, K. J. Falua","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.566","url":null,"abstract":"A common way of maintaining essential nutrients in fruits and vegetables is through novel food processing techniques such as pretreatment. This study investigated the influence of pretreatment methods on the proximate composition, vitamin C and β-carotene contents of oven dried pawpaw. Fresh, ripe pawpaw fruit were peeled, sliced and pretreated with three pretreatments – ascorbic acid dip (0.45% w/v), honey dip (0.25% v/v) and steam blanching (100 °C). The fruit slices were soaked in ascorbic acid and honey solutions for 4 min while steam blanching was done for 2 min. Untreated pawpaw sample served as the control. The treated and control samples were dried at an average temperature of 65 °C. Results showed that vitamin C of dried pawpaw samples pretreated with honey dip had the highest retention of vitamin C (116.05 mg/100g) compared to ascorbic acid treated (98.90 mg/100g), steam blanched (109.02 mg/100g), and control samples (77.02 mg/100g). In terms of β-carotene, pawpaw sample treated with ascorbic acid solution had the highest value of 12.68 mg/100g. The use of honey and ascorbic acid solutions as treatments prior to drying can improve the retention of nutrients such as vitamin C and β-carotene in dried fruits. Keywords —Pretreatments, proximate properties, vitamin C, β-carotene","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75316957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.601
A. O. Ibeje
Lack of funds and political will has made continuous gauging of rivers in Nigeria impossible, thus stalling the development of surface water resources. In order to address this anomaly; this study is focused on developing discharge rating curve, for selected streams in Imo-Anambra river basin of southeast Nigeria, which is capable of predicting discharge from stage. Ten years monthly stage and discharge records, measured with stream gauges, for Rivers Adada in Enugu state, Ajali in Anambra state, Ivo in Ebonyi State, Otamiri in Imo state, and Imo (Umuopara) in Abia state, were used in estimating the rating curve models using simple linear regression as: , and . All the rating curve equations were validated using coefficient of determination which yielded values of 98.54%, 97.38%, 17.31%, 89.98% and 99.43%, but the empirical discharge-stage model of River Ivo was discarded as the model produced poor performance and lacked the features of a rating curve. The rating curve of Imo River predicted the highest discharge for equivalent input values of stage because of its large cross-section at the gauging station. The developed rating curve models are therefore recommended for discharge prediction in these catchment areas with limited streamflow records. Keywords — fitting, rating curve, southeast Nigeria, stream discharge
{"title":"Fitting Rating Curves to Selected Streams in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Ibeje","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.601","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of funds and political will has made continuous gauging of rivers in Nigeria impossible, thus stalling the development of surface water resources. In order to address this anomaly; this study is focused on developing discharge rating curve, for selected streams in Imo-Anambra river basin of southeast Nigeria, which is capable of predicting discharge from stage. Ten years monthly stage and discharge records, measured with stream gauges, for Rivers Adada in Enugu state, Ajali in Anambra state, Ivo in Ebonyi State, Otamiri in Imo state, and Imo (Umuopara) in Abia state, were used in estimating the rating curve models using simple linear regression as: , and . All the rating curve equations were validated using coefficient of determination which yielded values of 98.54%, 97.38%, 17.31%, 89.98% and 99.43%, but the empirical discharge-stage model of River Ivo was discarded as the model produced poor performance and lacked the features of a rating curve. The rating curve of Imo River predicted the highest discharge for equivalent input values of stage because of its large cross-section at the gauging station. The developed rating curve models are therefore recommended for discharge prediction in these catchment areas with limited streamflow records. Keywords — fitting, rating curve, southeast Nigeria, stream discharge","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.615
A. Aderinlewo, Obukomena O Akivie, O. J. Adeosun, P. O. Omotainse
The effect of addition of cocoa pod husk ash and cassava peel ash on biogas production from poultry waste was investigated. Three metallic floating drum digesters each of 36.5 L capacity and labeled A, B, and C were used. Digester A contained poultry waste only, B contained poultry waste blended with cocoa pod husk ash and C contained poultry waste blended with cassava peel ash. Biodigestion of the wastes in the three digesters was carried out simultaneously using a retention period of 41 days. The mass of poultry waste used in each of the three digesters was 20700 g. The biogas yield results showed that 13,977 cm3 of gas was produced in digester A, while 19,517 and 21,305 cm3 were produced in B and C respectively. When compare with digester A (control), addition of cocoa pod ash and cassava peel ash had increased biogas production by 39.63 and 52.43% respectively. Keywords — Cocoa pod husk, cassava peel, biogas, floating drum, digester, poultry waste
{"title":"Effect of Pretreating Poultry Wastes with Cocoa Pod Husk Ash and Cassava Peel Ash on Biogas Production","authors":"A. Aderinlewo, Obukomena O Akivie, O. J. Adeosun, P. O. Omotainse","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.615","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of addition of cocoa pod husk ash and cassava peel ash on biogas production from poultry waste was investigated. Three metallic floating drum digesters each of 36.5 L capacity and labeled A, B, and C were used. Digester A contained poultry waste only, B contained poultry waste blended with cocoa pod husk ash and C contained poultry waste blended with cassava peel ash. Biodigestion of the wastes in the three digesters was carried out simultaneously using a retention period of 41 days. The mass of poultry waste used in each of the three digesters was 20700 g. The biogas yield results showed that 13,977 cm3 of gas was produced in digester A, while 19,517 and 21,305 cm3 were produced in B and C respectively. When compare with digester A (control), addition of cocoa pod ash and cassava peel ash had increased biogas production by 39.63 and 52.43% respectively. Keywords — Cocoa pod husk, cassava peel, biogas, floating drum, digester, poultry waste","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86502873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.593
Geoffrey E Nwosu, A. A. Badejo, A. Adekunle, O. J. Adeosun
This study is on the assessment of spatio-temporal levels of physico-chemical parameters of groundwater in domesticwells located at points around some selected dumpsite due to dumpsite leachate on groundwater pollution. Three dumpsites: Orile (O); Solous 3 (S 3 ) and Solous 1 (S 1 ). Leachate from the respective dumpsites and water from the 10 select wells within 1 km radius of each dumpsites were sampled and analyzed in the laborator. .Spatial distribution maps of the parameters were generated using Geographic Information System and ArchMap 10.5. Laboratory results revealed that water in domestic wells were deteriorated due to the percolation of leachate. Spatial analysis revealed that pollution of groundwater was higher within a distance of 345 m from the dumpsites and decreases as the distance increases from the dumpsites. The leachate concentration of Cl, SO 4 , COD and BOD 5 from O; TDS, and EC from S 3 ; Cr and Pb from S 1 dumpsites respectively were above WHO leachate disposal values. The study showed that O impacted more on groundwater quality than S 3 and S 1 . It is recommended that water from these wells should not used without treatment. Keywords: Leachate, dumpsite, groundwater, wells, pollution.
{"title":"Assessment of Spatio-temporal levels of pollution parameters due to dumpsite leachate in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Geoffrey E Nwosu, A. A. Badejo, A. Adekunle, O. J. Adeosun","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.593","url":null,"abstract":"This study is on the assessment of spatio-temporal levels of physico-chemical parameters of groundwater in domesticwells located at points around some selected dumpsite due to dumpsite leachate on groundwater pollution. Three dumpsites: Orile (O); Solous 3 (S 3 ) and Solous 1 (S 1 ). Leachate from the respective dumpsites and water from the 10 select wells within 1 km radius of each dumpsites were sampled and analyzed in the laborator. .Spatial distribution maps of the parameters were generated using Geographic Information System and ArchMap 10.5. Laboratory results revealed that water in domestic wells were deteriorated due to the percolation of leachate. Spatial analysis revealed that pollution of groundwater was higher within a distance of 345 m from the dumpsites and decreases as the distance increases from the dumpsites. The leachate concentration of Cl, SO 4 , COD and BOD 5 from O; TDS, and EC from S 3 ; Cr and Pb from S 1 dumpsites respectively were above WHO leachate disposal values. The study showed that O impacted more on groundwater quality than S 3 and S 1 . It is recommended that water from these wells should not used without treatment. Keywords: Leachate, dumpsite, groundwater, wells, pollution.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85283032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.569
Joshua O Adekunle, B. Olorunfemi, S. Adejuyigbe
Performance evaluation of biocoal briquettes from three different coal mines in Nigeria mixed with sawdust as composite domestic fuel was carried out. Samples of coals collected from Owukpa, Okpara, and Onyeama mines were pulverized and blended with sawdust at various constituent ratios of coal/sawdust of 0.0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 and 100/0.0. Cassava starch was used as binding material while calcium hydroxide was used for desulphurization. Tests carried out included proximate analyses, ultimate analyses, and performance analyses. Results showed that fixed carbon in all the coal samples ranges from the highest fixed carbon of 63.81% for Okpara (OK) to the lowest of 62.87% for Owukpa (OP 70/30 ) while sawdust was 21.03%. The Onyeama Coal has 1.25% ash content compares with 5% for Owukpa. Onyeama coal contains the highest volatile matters of 29.61% while Owukpa biocoal briquette (OP 50/50 ) has the highest percentage heat utilization of 88.61 and lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.31kg/kg. Onyeama coal (ON 90/10 ) has the highest calorific value of 33.25 MJ/kg. The addition of sawdust in the biocoal briquettes resulted in lower volatile matter, low hydrogen, high percentage heat utilized and low specific fuel consumption. Keywords- Biocoal briquette, sawdust, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, fixed carbon
{"title":"Performance of Some Biocoal Briquettes Produced from Mixture of Sawdust and varying Nigeria Coals as Composite Domestic Fuel","authors":"Joshua O Adekunle, B. Olorunfemi, S. Adejuyigbe","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.569","url":null,"abstract":"Performance evaluation of biocoal briquettes from three different coal mines in Nigeria mixed with sawdust as composite domestic fuel was carried out. Samples of coals collected from Owukpa, Okpara, and Onyeama mines were pulverized and blended with sawdust at various constituent ratios of coal/sawdust of 0.0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 and 100/0.0. Cassava starch was used as binding material while calcium hydroxide was used for desulphurization. Tests carried out included proximate analyses, ultimate analyses, and performance analyses. Results showed that fixed carbon in all the coal samples ranges from the highest fixed carbon of 63.81% for Okpara (OK) to the lowest of 62.87% for Owukpa (OP 70/30 ) while sawdust was 21.03%. The Onyeama Coal has 1.25% ash content compares with 5% for Owukpa. Onyeama coal contains the highest volatile matters of 29.61% while Owukpa biocoal briquette (OP 50/50 ) has the highest percentage heat utilization of 88.61 and lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.31kg/kg. Onyeama coal (ON 90/10 ) has the highest calorific value of 33.25 MJ/kg. The addition of sawdust in the biocoal briquettes resulted in lower volatile matter, low hydrogen, high percentage heat utilized and low specific fuel consumption. Keywords- Biocoal briquette, sawdust, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, fixed carbon","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89655991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.575
S. Ogunjimi, T. Ojo, Ibikunle E Obabire, O. Alabi
Governments and Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) focussed on the funding of research but neglect a very crucial issue of the transfer of technologies. Unfortunately, most of these technologies invented end up on bookshelves which might be as a result of missing linkage between the researchers, extension organizations and farmers. Therefore, the study focussed on factors associated with the missing link among researchers, extension workers and farmers in technology development and transfer. The study was carried out in the south-western part of Nigeria. The study employed the use of an interview schedule for farmers and questionnaire for extension personnel and researchers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 398 respondents which include 80 researchers, 85 extension agents and 233 farmers.Data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that most (61%) of the selected technologies developed by research institutions were not known to the farmers. About 21% out of 39% of farmers that were aware of the technologies were still using it while 18% had discontinued the usage. Factors associated with research-extension-farmers missing link include package of recommendations not suitable for farmers (researcher 95.7%, extension agents 84.3% and farmers 95.1%); time lag between the availability of research findings and their application by the farmer (research (64.2%) extension workers (73.2%) and farmers (80%)), wages and salary differential (researchers (65.4%) and extension workers (78.3%)) and inadequate funds (researcher 90.4% and extension workers (95.3%)). The linkage strength could be influenced by the personal and psychological factors of personnel involved in research and dissemination. The gap that exists between the technologies invented and those that have been accepted by farmers has to be bridged by developing stronger links between researchers, extension personnel and the farmers by government agencies. Keywords — Extension workers, farmers, linkage, researchers, research development, technology transfer.
{"title":"Empirical Assessment of Missing Link in Agricultural Technology Development and Transfer Nexus in Nigeria","authors":"S. Ogunjimi, T. Ojo, Ibikunle E Obabire, O. Alabi","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.575","url":null,"abstract":"Governments and Non-Governmental Organisation (NGOs) focussed on the funding of research but neglect a very crucial issue of the transfer of technologies. Unfortunately, most of these technologies invented end up on bookshelves which might be as a result of missing linkage between the researchers, extension organizations and farmers. Therefore, the study focussed on factors associated with the missing link among researchers, extension workers and farmers in technology development and transfer. The study was carried out in the south-western part of Nigeria. The study employed the use of an interview schedule for farmers and questionnaire for extension personnel and researchers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 398 respondents which include 80 researchers, 85 extension agents and 233 farmers.Data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that most (61%) of the selected technologies developed by research institutions were not known to the farmers. About 21% out of 39% of farmers that were aware of the technologies were still using it while 18% had discontinued the usage. Factors associated with research-extension-farmers missing link include package of recommendations not suitable for farmers (researcher 95.7%, extension agents 84.3% and farmers 95.1%); time lag between the availability of research findings and their application by the farmer (research (64.2%) extension workers (73.2%) and farmers (80%)), wages and salary differential (researchers (65.4%) and extension workers (78.3%)) and inadequate funds (researcher 90.4% and extension workers (95.3%)). The linkage strength could be influenced by the personal and psychological factors of personnel involved in research and dissemination. The gap that exists between the technologies invented and those that have been accepted by farmers has to be bridged by developing stronger links between researchers, extension personnel and the farmers by government agencies. Keywords — Extension workers, farmers, linkage, researchers, research development, technology transfer.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.572
P. Yohanna, I. Kanyi, R. K. Etim, Oshioname A Ebere, K. Osinubi
The investigation focused on the response of black cotton soil (BCS) treated with mixtures of iron ore tailings (IOT) and cement to varying compaction effort (CE). Preliminary tests showed that the un-treated soil is A-7-6 (22) on the basis of AASHTO protocols of classification while the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) guidelines placed the soil in CH group. Laboratory tests carried out included cation exchange capacity, CEC, Specific gravity (Gs) and compaction test. Three compaction energy levels (i.e., British Standard heavy (BSH), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard light (BSL)) were adopted for the compaction test. Test results showed that CEC decreased; Gs and MDD increased while OMC also decreased for all cement contents considered when admixed with the different IOT contents up to 10 % IOT by the soil dry weight. MDD values of 1.58, 1.59, 1.62, 1.64, 1.64 and 1.66 Mg/m 3 were noted for 1% cement and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% IOT content compacted with BSL energy. Also, OMC values of 21.2, 20.8, 20.5, 20, 20.3 and 20.2% were noted for 1% cement and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% IOT content compacted with BSL energy. Same trend was noted for higher cement concentrations and compactive efforts. Regression models for MDD and OMC, considered as dependent variables while C (cement content), CE, IOT, Gs and PF (percentage of fine) as independent variables were developed using software (Mini-tab R15). The result of regression analysis shows that the independent variables considered greatly influence the dependent variables. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was use to establish the levels of contributions of cement and IOT to the improvements recorded. Therefore, black cotton soil optimally treated with 4% cement 10% IOT blend and compacted with BSH energy is recommended for soil remediation or geotechnical engineering applications. Keywords — Compaction effort, iron ore tailings, black cotton soil (BCS), Analysis of Variance, regression analysis.
{"title":"Experimental and Statistical Study on Black Cotton Soil Modified with Cement–Iron Ore Tailings","authors":"P. Yohanna, I. Kanyi, R. K. Etim, Oshioname A Ebere, K. Osinubi","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.572","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation focused on the response of black cotton soil (BCS) treated with mixtures of iron ore tailings (IOT) and cement to varying compaction effort (CE). Preliminary tests showed that the un-treated soil is A-7-6 (22) on the basis of AASHTO protocols of classification while the USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) guidelines placed the soil in CH group. Laboratory tests carried out included cation exchange capacity, CEC, Specific gravity (Gs) and compaction test. Three compaction energy levels (i.e., British Standard heavy (BSH), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard light (BSL)) were adopted for the compaction test. Test results showed that CEC decreased; Gs and MDD increased while OMC also decreased for all cement contents considered when admixed with the different IOT contents up to 10 % IOT by the soil dry weight. MDD values of 1.58, 1.59, 1.62, 1.64, 1.64 and 1.66 Mg/m 3 were noted for 1% cement and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% IOT content compacted with BSL energy. Also, OMC values of 21.2, 20.8, 20.5, 20, 20.3 and 20.2% were noted for 1% cement and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% IOT content compacted with BSL energy. Same trend was noted for higher cement concentrations and compactive efforts. Regression models for MDD and OMC, considered as dependent variables while C (cement content), CE, IOT, Gs and PF (percentage of fine) as independent variables were developed using software (Mini-tab R15). The result of regression analysis shows that the independent variables considered greatly influence the dependent variables. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was use to establish the levels of contributions of cement and IOT to the improvements recorded. Therefore, black cotton soil optimally treated with 4% cement 10% IOT blend and compacted with BSH energy is recommended for soil remediation or geotechnical engineering applications. Keywords — Compaction effort, iron ore tailings, black cotton soil (BCS), Analysis of Variance, regression analysis.","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79132906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-23DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.583
R. Abolade, O. Oyedokun, S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, I. A. Ojerinde
Acceptable Quality of Service (QoS) is of paramount importance in wireless communication system. However, QoS is affected by multipath propagation resulting in unreliable reception. Selection Combiner (SC) which is one of the techniques previously used to solve this problem is associated with poor performance due to fixed power level used in the technique. Hence, in this paper, an Adaptive Power Control (APC) technique using SC with a closed form expression over Nakagami-m Fading Channel is proposed. APC technique is developed using fixed power SC and Link Adaptation Algorithm (LAA). Ten thousand (10,000) bits are randomly generated and modulated using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme. The modulated signal is passed through the Square Root Raised Cosine (SRRC) filter for suitable transmission over the Nakagami-m fading channel. The faded signals at varying paths ‘L’ (2, 3, 4) are selected by Conventional Selection Combining (CSC) to instruct the transmitter for adjustment of power level based on the value of the received signal through LAA. Mathematical expression for the received signal using Probability Density Function (PDF) of Nakagami-m Fading Channel at varying paths is derived. The APC technique is simulated using MATLAB software and evaluated using Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Outage Probability (OP) and Bit Error Rate (BER) to determine the performance of the proposed technique. OP values of 0.0969 and 0.1069 are obtained for APC and CSC, respectively, at SNR of 6 dB with L of 4, while BER values of 0.0052 and 0.2599 are obtained for APC and CSC, respectively. The percentage reduction in OP and BER are 29.79% and 54.43%, respectively. The results obtained show that APC gives lower OP and BER values with increase in SNR when compared with fixed power SC due to self-adjustment of the allocated power. Therefore, the APC technique proposed can be used to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. Keywords — Adaptive Power Control (APC), Selection Combiner (SC), Link Adaptation Algorithm (LAA), Bit Error Rate (BER), Outage Probability (OP), Probability Density Function (PDF) and Diversity Combiner (DC).
{"title":"Adaptive Power Control with Selection Combiner over Nakagami-m Fading Channel","authors":"R. Abolade, O. Oyedokun, S. I. Ojo, Z. K. Adeyemo, I. A. Ojerinde","doi":"10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.583","url":null,"abstract":"Acceptable Quality of Service (QoS) is of paramount importance in wireless communication system. However, QoS is affected by multipath propagation resulting in unreliable reception. Selection Combiner (SC) which is one of the techniques previously used to solve this problem is associated with poor performance due to fixed power level used in the technique. Hence, in this paper, an Adaptive Power Control (APC) technique using SC with a closed form expression over Nakagami-m Fading Channel is proposed. APC technique is developed using fixed power SC and Link Adaptation Algorithm (LAA). Ten thousand (10,000) bits are randomly generated and modulated using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme. The modulated signal is passed through the Square Root Raised Cosine (SRRC) filter for suitable transmission over the Nakagami-m fading channel. The faded signals at varying paths ‘L’ (2, 3, 4) are selected by Conventional Selection Combining (CSC) to instruct the transmitter for adjustment of power level based on the value of the received signal through LAA. Mathematical expression for the received signal using Probability Density Function (PDF) of Nakagami-m Fading Channel at varying paths is derived. The APC technique is simulated using MATLAB software and evaluated using Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Outage Probability (OP) and Bit Error Rate (BER) to determine the performance of the proposed technique. OP values of 0.0969 and 0.1069 are obtained for APC and CSC, respectively, at SNR of 6 dB with L of 4, while BER values of 0.0052 and 0.2599 are obtained for APC and CSC, respectively. The percentage reduction in OP and BER are 29.79% and 54.43%, respectively. The results obtained show that APC gives lower OP and BER values with increase in SNR when compared with fixed power SC due to self-adjustment of the allocated power. Therefore, the APC technique proposed can be used to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. Keywords — Adaptive Power Control (APC), Selection Combiner (SC), Link Adaptation Algorithm (LAA), Bit Error Rate (BER), Outage Probability (OP), Probability Density Function (PDF) and Diversity Combiner (DC).","PeriodicalId":15735,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76274095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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