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Lengthening the period of a Linear Feedback Shift Register 延长线性反馈移位寄存器的周期
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.30931/JETAS.778792
M. Naim, Hana Ali-Pacha, A. Ali-Pacha, N. Hadj-Said
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引用次数: 1
Sensitivity of Gamma-active Distinguished Radionuclides, regarding to Density Measurement for Metals and Alloys via using Transmission Technique 用透射技术测量金属和合金密度时γ -活性可分辨放射性核素的灵敏度
Pub Date : 2021-04-27 DOI: 10.30931/JETAS.891679
M. Turgay
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Elevated Temperatures on SAC305 Solder Alloy Thermal Interface Material in a Microelectronic Assembly 微电子组装中SAC305焊料合金热界面材料的高温影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.590
M. Ekpu
In microelectronics assemblies, Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are vital to the reliability of the devices in operation. Some electronic devices operate in elevated temperature environments such as military and industrial applications. Hence, the need to evaluate the reliability of such devices at elevated temperatures. Tin-Silver-Copper lead-free solder TIMs have been used during the assembly process of some electronic devices operating under harsh temperature environments. In this study, the reliability of SAC305 lead-free solder TIM was considered at elevated temperatures ranging from 100 o C to 200 o C at 25 o C interval, and aged for about an hour. ANSYS finite element analysis software was employed for the design and evaluation of SAC305 lead-free solder model. The findings of the investigation demonstrated that the higher the harsh temperature environment, the lower the reliability of the SAC305 solder TIM. In addition, the highest fatigue life (36735 or 4.2 years) was recorded at 100 o C, while 200 o C recorded the lowest fatigue life (1014 or 0.12 years). The fatigue life is an indication of the lifespan of the TIM when in operation. This research will be beneficial to engineers assembling microelectronic products.  Keywords — elevated temperature; fatigue life; microelectronics; reliability; SAC305 solder
在微电子组件中,热界面材料(TIMs)对器件运行的可靠性至关重要。一些电子设备在高温环境中运行,如军事和工业应用。因此,需要评估这些设备在高温下的可靠性。锡-银-铜无铅焊料已被用于一些在恶劣温度环境下工作的电子器件的组装过程中。在本研究中,考虑了SAC305无铅焊料TIM在100 ~ 200℃的高温下以25℃的间隔时效约1小时的可靠性。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对SAC305无铅焊料模型进行了设计与评价。研究结果表明,温度环境越高,SAC305焊料TIM的可靠性越低。此外,100℃时的疲劳寿命最高(36735或4.2年),200℃时的疲劳寿命最低(1014或0.12年)。疲劳寿命是TIM在工作时寿命的一个指标。本研究对微电子产品组装工程师有一定的参考价值。关键词:高温;疲劳寿命;微电子学;可靠性;SAC305焊料
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引用次数: 1
Mechanical and Microstructure Properties of Al 5754 Alloy Joined by GTAW and Metal Inert Gas (GMAW) Welding GTAW和金属惰性气体(GMAW)焊接Al 5754合金的力学和组织性能
Pub Date : 2021-03-26 DOI: 10.30931/JETAS.865432
N. Akçakale
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引用次数: 0
Design and Construction of a Low-Cost Automatic Single-Phase Transfer Switch 低成本自动单相转换开关的设计与制造
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.579
A. E. Amoran, Gerald Ijemaru, O. Akinsanmi, Watson Agbramu
Irregular power supply poses a serious problem in many developing countries with power outage usually experienced on a regular basis. Thus, this challenge necessitates the need for an automated method of power change over to an alternative source during power failure that will be an improvement over the manual change over system. This study aims to design and construct a microcontroller-based Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for a single-phase system. Atmega8 microcontroller was programmed to automatically switch power supply between a primary source and a secondary power source through the aid of relays. A modular approach was used in the design of this ATS, which incorporates Atmega8 microcontroller, diodes, resistors, L7805 voltage regulator, PC817 optocouplers, a buzzer alarm, NPN transistors, and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that indicates which power source was available. This design is limited to 30A on full loading due to the power relay used in the design. The testing showed that the design was able to automatically switch power between two supply sources with no external aid and it performed optimally even when loaded to 90% of its maximum bearing-capacity. Keywords: Automatic Transfer Switch, Atmega8 Microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display, NPN Transistors, PC817 Optocouplers, Relays
在许多发展中国家,电力供应不规律是一个严重的问题,停电经常发生。因此,这一挑战需要在电源故障期间将电源转换到替代电源的自动化方法,这将是对手动转换系统的改进。本研究旨在设计并建构一个基于微控制器的单相自动转换开关(ATS)。对Atmega8微控制器进行编程,通过继电器在主电源和次电源之间自动切换电源。该ATS采用模块化设计方法,集成了Atmega8微控制器、二极管、电阻器、L7805稳压器、PC817光耦合器、蜂鸣器报警器、NPN晶体管和液晶显示器(LCD),显示可用的电源。由于设计中使用的功率继电器,本设计在满负载时限制为30A。测试表明,该设计能够在没有外部辅助的情况下在两个电源之间自动切换电源,即使负载达到最大承载能力的90%,其性能也很理想。关键词:自动转换开关,Atmega8单片机,液晶显示,NPN晶体管,PC817光耦合器,继电器
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of attenuation due to rain within Ka and Ku bands in Oyo State of Nigeria 尼日利亚奥约州Ka和Ku波段降雨衰减估计
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.596
Hammed O Busari, O. Fakolujo
Rain-induced attenuation of microwaves poses a serious challenge to signal availability beyond 10 GHz frequencies. The challenges are even more pronounced in the subtropical and tropical regions with high intensities of rain which is more accompanied with thunderstorms. Nigeria has an equatorial and tropical climate, which is identified by controlling rainfall. Rain is the significant attenuation factor of various communication signal above 10 GHz frequencies. Therefore, for effective utilization of the microwave bandwidth during rainfall, it is required to form the correlation between this attenuation effect and the bandwidth at various rainfall rate and frequencies at a particular interest location. Therefore , using propagation modelling, the point rainfall and  rain effects for frequencies was concurrently  considered between 11 and 40 GHz (i.e. Ku, and Ka) for satellite communication service on earth-space path at Ibadan in Oyo state , Nigeria by using rainfall data for the period of five (5) years (January 2014 to December 2019). Keywords- Rain Attenuation, Rain Rate, Bandwidth, Propagation Modelling
降雨引起的微波衰减对10ghz频率以上的信号可用性提出了严重挑战。这些挑战在亚热带和热带地区更为明显,因为这些地区降雨强度大,往往伴有雷暴。尼日利亚属于赤道和热带气候,这是通过控制降雨来确定的。雨水是10ghz以上各种通信信号的重要衰减因素。因此,为了在降雨期间有效利用微波带宽,需要在特定兴趣位置形成这种衰减效应与不同降雨速率和频率下的带宽之间的相关性。因此,利用传播模型,利用五(5)年(2014年1月至2019年12月)的降雨数据,同时考虑了尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹地空路径卫星通信服务的11至40 GHz(即Ku和Ka)频率的点降雨和降雨效应。关键词:雨衰减,雨率,带宽,传播建模
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引用次数: 2
Effect of Tillage Direction on Phosphorus Loss from Sediment Yield and Surface Runoff 耕作方向对产沙量和地表径流中磷流失的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.592
T. Ewemoje, I. Kuti
This paper assessed the impact of conservation and irrational ridge on phosphorus loss along the riverbank under rainy conditions. To understand the effects, experiments were conducted on farmland with slope gradients of 2%, 3% and 5%. Treatments included groundnut, cowpea, soybean, and no crop: contour and irrational ridge alternated in each runoff block. Standard method was used to calculate phosphorus loss. The results indicated that quantity of phosphorus loss in sandy loamy soils was 4.5 times higher than in loamy sand. In contrast, the phosphorus release (runoff) in loamy sand was 13.52 times higher than in sandy loam, so the average phosphorus loss in soil and surface runoff were 0.4 and 2 Kg / ha / year, respectively. Outcomes proved that the interaction between irrational ridge and vegetation cover increased the phosphorus concentration in the soils than water, thereby reducing aquatic organisms in rivers and creasing health risks for humans. The study recommends that contour cultivation be used very well to reduce phosphorus loss from sediment and runoff. Keywords — Contour and Irrational Tillage, Slope, Cover Crops, Analysis of covariance, Tillage Erosion, River
本文评价了多雨条件下保护和不合理垄对河岸磷流失的影响。为了解其效果,在坡度为2%、3%和5%的农田上进行了试验。处理包括花生、豇豆、大豆和不种植作物:每个径流块的轮廓和不合理的山脊交替。磷损失量采用标准方法计算。结果表明,砂质壤土的磷流失量是壤土的4.5倍。壤土的磷释放(径流)是砂壤土的13.52倍,土壤和地表径流的平均磷损失分别为0.4 Kg / ha /年和2 Kg / ha /年。结果表明,不合理山脊与植被覆盖的相互作用增加了土壤中磷的浓度,从而减少了河流中的水生生物,增加了人类的健康风险。该研究建议很好地利用等高线耕作来减少沉积物和径流中的磷损失。关键词:等高线与不合理耕作,坡度,覆盖作物,协方差分析,耕作侵蚀,河流
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引用次数: 1
Rain Attenuation Prediction Models in Microwave and Millimeter Bands for Satellite Communication System: A Review 卫星通信系统微波和毫米波波段雨衰减预测模型研究进展
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.576
Hammed O Busari, O. Fakolujo
The progressively demand on satellite communication systems has consequently resulted in lower frequency bands getting more congested. The usage of frequency band beyond 10 GHz is in focus nowadays as a result of the rapid expansion of radio communication systems. However, Rain is the leading attenuation factor of different communication signal of frequencies beyond 10 GHz. Attenuation due to rain has a significant propagation effect that needs to be carefully considered in satellite communication system network. Rain attenuation predictions and rain rate are essential when planning microwave satellite communication links.  A review of the rain rate integration time and rain attenuation models for microwave and millimeter bands satellite system is presented. Keywords: Frequency Band, Rain Attenuation, Rain Attenuation Model, Rain Rate, Satellite System
对卫星通信系统日益增长的需求导致较低频段变得更加拥挤。由于无线电通信系统的迅速发展,目前对10千兆赫以上频段的使用成为人们关注的焦点。而Rain是10ghz以上不同频率通信信号的主要衰减因子。降雨衰减对卫星通信系统网络的传播影响很大,需要慎重考虑。在规划微波卫星通信链路时,降雨衰减预测和降雨率是必不可少的。综述了微波和毫米波段卫星系统的雨率积分时间和雨衰减模型。关键词:频带,雨衰减,雨衰减模型,雨率,卫星系统
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引用次数: 2
Nature-Inspired Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms for Breast Cancer Diagnostic Model: A Comparative Study 乳腺癌诊断模型的自然启发元启发式优化算法:比较研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.598
T. Oladele, Babatunde J Olorunsola, T. O. Aro, Hakeem Babalola Akande, Oyenike A Olukiran
The selection of features is used to obtain a subset of features by the removal of irrelevant features with no or less predictive output. Meta-heuristic algorithms are appropriate for the selection of features because feature subset representation is direct and the evaluation is easily accomplished. This paper performed a comparative study on the impact of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms on breast cancer diagnosis using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The two feature selection algorithms were used to obtain the relevant attributes from the Wisconsin breast cancer (original) dataset. The selected attributes were passed to seven learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (C4.5), Naive Bayes (NB), K Nearest Neighhood (KNN), Neural Network (NN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF). The diagnostic model was evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-measure. Experimental showed that the highest accuracy of 97.1388% was obtained in both PSO and ACO using RF classifier, the highest precision value of 0.9720 was recorded in ACO using RF classifier,  the highest recall value of 0.9750 was achieved in PSO using RF classifier, the highest F1-measure value of 0.9700 was obtained in PSO using SVM, the highest kappa statistic of 0.9370 was obtained in both PSO and ACO using RF and the lowest time of 0s was taken to build a model was recorded in PSO using KNN and NB, and also in ACO using KNN. The paper concluded that the breast diagnostic model using PSO and ACO with different learning algorithms revealed that the accuracy of RF outperformed other algorithms. Also, it was shown that ACO produced better precision using RF compared with PSO and PSO gave better recall using RF compared with ACO, PSO recorded an efficient F1-measure using SVM. The best time used to build a model was obtained in PSO for KNN and NB, and ACO with KNN. Keywords — Breast cancer, Data mining, Diagnosis, Feature selection, Meta-heuristic.
特征的选择是通过去除没有或较少预测输出的不相关特征来获得特征的子集。元启发式算法适合于特征的选择,因为特征子集的表示是直接的,评估容易完成。本文采用蚁群算法(Ant Colony optimization, ACO)和粒子群算法(Particle Swarm optimization, PSO)对元启发式优化算法对乳腺癌诊断的影响进行了对比研究。使用两种特征选择算法从威斯康星州乳腺癌(原始)数据集中获得相关属性。选择的属性被传递给七种学习算法:支持向量机(SVM)、决策树(C4.5)、朴素贝叶斯(NB)、K近邻(KNN)、神经网络(NN)、逻辑回归(LR)和随机森林(RF)。根据准确率、精密度、召回率和f1测量值对诊断模型进行评估。实验表明,使用射频分类器的粒子群算法和蚁群算法准确率均达到97.1388%,其中,使用射频分类器的蚁群算法准确率最高为0.9720,使用射频分类器的粒子群算法召回率最高为0.9750,使用支持向量机的粒子群算法的f1测量值最高为0.9700。使用射频的粒子群算法和蚁群算法kappa统计量最高,均为0.9370;使用KNN和NB的粒子群算法和使用KNN的蚁群算法建立模型所需的时间最短,均为0秒。本文的结论是,使用不同学习算法的PSO和ACO的乳腺诊断模型显示,RF的准确性优于其他算法。此外,研究还表明,与蚁群算法相比,使用射频的蚁群算法产生了更好的精度,使用射频的蚁群算法比使用蚁群算法提供了更好的召回率,使用支持向量机的蚁群算法记录了一个有效的f1度量。基于KNN和NB的粒子群算法和基于KNN的蚁群算法得到了最佳的模型建立时间。关键词:乳腺癌,数据挖掘,诊断,特征选择,元启发式。
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引用次数: 4
A Review on the Detection of Offensive Content in Social Media Platforms 社交媒体平台攻击性内容检测研究综述
Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.46792/FUOYEJET.V6I1.591
S. Akinboro, Oluwadamilola Adebusoye, A. Onamade
Offensive content refers to messages which are socially unacceptable including vulgar or derogatory messages. As the use of social media increases worldwide, social media administrators are faced with the challenges of tackling the inclusion of offensive content, to ensure clean and non-abusive or offensive conversations on the platforms they provide.  This work organizes and describes techniques used for the automated detection of offensive languages in social media content in recent times, providing a structured overview of previous approaches, including algorithms, methods and main features used.   Selection was from peer-reviewed articles on Google scholar. Search terms include: Profane words, natural language processing, multilingual context, hybrid methods for detecting profane words and deep learning approach for detecting profane words. Exclusions were made based on some criteria. Initial search returned 203 of which only 40 studies met the inclusion criteria; 6 were on natural language processing, 6 studies were on Deep learning approaches, 5 reports analysed hybrid approaches, multi-level classification/multi-lingual classification appear in 13 reports while 10 reports were on other related methods. The limitations of previous efforts to tackle the challenges with regards to the detection of offensive contents are highlighted to aid future research in this area.  Keywords — algorithm, offensive content, profane words, social media, texts
冒犯性内容是指社会上不能接受的信息,包括粗俗或贬损的信息。随着社交媒体在全球范围内的使用增加,社交媒体管理员面临着应对攻击性内容的挑战,以确保他们提供的平台上的对话干净、无辱骂或攻击性。这项工作组织和描述了近年来用于自动检测社交媒体内容中攻击性语言的技术,提供了以前方法的结构化概述,包括算法、方法和使用的主要特征。选择来自Google scholar上同行评议的文章。搜索条件包括:亵渎的话,自然语言处理,多语言环境,混合方法检测亵渎词语和深度学习方法检测亵渎的话。排除是基于一些标准。初步检索得到203项研究,其中只有40项符合纳入标准;6篇研究自然语言处理,6篇研究深度学习方法,5篇报告分析混合方法,13篇报告出现多级分类/多语言分类,10篇报告出现其他相关方法。以前的努力,以解决有关检测攻击性内容的挑战的局限性突出,以帮助未来的研究在这一领域。关键词:算法,冒犯性内容,脏话,社交媒体,文本
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Engineering and Technology
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