The aim of this study was to assess human health risks of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by ingestion of water from the Hyeongsan River in Pohang. Ingestion primarily acquired PFBS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA, but PFAAs rather than its precursors. Human exposure to PFASs was affected by the physicochemical properties of compounds, the emission sources, and the flow rate. The upstream and midstream waters were influenced by PFCAs due to the domestic sewage, whereas the downstream water contained high levels of PFBS and PFOS due to the presence of an industrial complex. Exposure levels decreased in the midstream; this result suggests a dilution effect due to the increasing flow rate. Exposure levels to PFBS were high exposure because they have a low octanol–water partition coefficient and high aqueous solubility. PFOS at the industrial complex exceeded the WHO allowable level; this result suggests that ingestion may cause non-carcinogenic toxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of the risk of PFAS ingestion in Pohang. The result will provide a useful reference for future regulations and policies to manage PFAS sources, purify river water, and prevent human exposure.
{"title":"Health risk of Human Exposure to Perfluorinated Compounds (PFASs) in Hyeongsan River, Pohang","authors":"Sung-Hee Seo","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.3.77","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess human health risks of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by ingestion of water from the Hyeongsan River in Pohang. Ingestion primarily acquired PFBS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA, but PFAAs rather than its precursors. Human exposure to PFASs was affected by the physicochemical properties of compounds, the emission sources, and the flow rate. The upstream and midstream waters were influenced by PFCAs due to the domestic sewage, whereas the downstream water contained high levels of PFBS and PFOS due to the presence of an industrial complex. Exposure levels decreased in the midstream; this result suggests a dilution effect due to the increasing flow rate. Exposure levels to PFBS were high exposure because they have a low octanol–water partition coefficient and high aqueous solubility. PFOS at the industrial complex exceeded the WHO allowable level; this result suggests that ingestion may cause non-carcinogenic toxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of the risk of PFAS ingestion in Pohang. The result will provide a useful reference for future regulations and policies to manage PFAS sources, purify river water, and prevent human exposure.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84922107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study was to evaluate human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the air near the Hyeongsan River in Pohang, and to quantify associated health risks. The daily intake of PFOS was the highest, and those of PFBS, PFHxA, PFUnDA, and PFOA were also high. Humans were exposed more to ionic PFASs than to neutral PFASs. The exposure level of PFASs increased from upstream to downstream; this trend suggests that emission sources exist downstream. For the gaseous phase, the exposure level was highest to PFBS, which have the shortest carbon-chain length, whereas for the particulate phase, exposure was highest to PFOS. The exposure and distribution of PFAS congeners differed among sites and phases, which means that humans are exposed differently depending on the PFASs emitted from the emission source at each site, and on the physicochemical properties of PFASs. Inhalation exposure to PFASs was below the PFAS intake safety threshold, and the toxicity was also lower than the level allowed by WHO. However, health risks from long-term exposure to PFASs are of concern, and combining exposure by various routes may have a significant health effect. Therefore, continuous monitoring and risk assessment are required.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Industrial, Urban-residential and Rural Areas Near Hyeongsan River, Pohang","authors":"Sung-Hee Seo","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to evaluate human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the air near the Hyeongsan River in Pohang, and to quantify associated health risks. The daily intake of PFOS was the highest, and those of PFBS, PFHxA, PFUnDA, and PFOA were also high. Humans were exposed more to ionic PFASs than to neutral PFASs. The exposure level of PFASs increased from upstream to downstream; this trend suggests that emission sources exist downstream. For the gaseous phase, the exposure level was highest to PFBS, which have the shortest carbon-chain length, whereas for the particulate phase, exposure was highest to PFOS. The exposure and distribution of PFAS congeners differed among sites and phases, which means that humans are exposed differently depending on the PFASs emitted from the emission source at each site, and on the physicochemical properties of PFASs. Inhalation exposure to PFASs was below the PFAS intake safety threshold, and the toxicity was also lower than the level allowed by WHO. However, health risks from long-term exposure to PFASs are of concern, and combining exposure by various routes may have a significant health effect. Therefore, continuous monitoring and risk assessment are required.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88670895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an emerging freshwater cyanobacterial toxin, and its reports on toxicity toward the human liver and kidney tissues has drawn a lot of attention. An appropriate analytical method is necessary to determine the presence of this emerging cyanobacterial toxin in water resources including drinking water; therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method for CYN detection. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive analytical method for CYN detection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using direct injection. The method was validated for linearity of calibration, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision. The limit of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.029 μg/L and 0.091 μg/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision were also obtained within an acceptable range. The optimized method was used to measure the concentrations of CYN in the surface water from each weir areas of the Geum River, Nakdong River. Additionally, this method was applied to samples of drinking water obtained from the treatment plants of the Geum River, Nakdong River for each process.
{"title":"Determination of Cylindrospermopsin in Surface and Treated Water using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Jae-won Choi, Jaesang Jang, Sun-hong Lee, Mi-ae Yoon","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an emerging freshwater cyanobacterial toxin, and its reports on toxicity toward the human liver and kidney tissues has drawn a lot of attention. An appropriate analytical method is necessary to determine the presence of this emerging cyanobacterial toxin in water resources including drinking water; therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method for CYN detection. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive analytical method for CYN detection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using direct injection. The method was validated for linearity of calibration, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision. The limit of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.029 μg/L and 0.091 μg/L, respectively. Accuracy and precision were also obtained within an acceptable range. The optimized method was used to measure the concentrations of CYN in the surface water from each weir areas of the Geum River, Nakdong River. Additionally, this method was applied to samples of drinking water obtained from the treatment plants of the Geum River, Nakdong River for each process.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"os-28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87211979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, making it difficult to analyze many PFAS simultaneously. In this study, the simultaneous analytical methods of 37 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including the PFAS alternative compounds Gen-X, ADONA, Major F53B, Minor F53B, and precursors FOSA, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, n:2 FTUA, n:3 FTCA, and n:2 FTS in drinking water and sediment samples were developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on the Korean persistent organic pollutants (POPs) standard method. The water samples were extracted using a WAX cartridge by solid-phase extraction, while the sediment samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The accuracy and precision satisfied the values of 50.7–118% and 0.01–8.5%, respectively, with a method detection limit of 0.12–1.36 ng/L. The PFAS analytical method for sediment samples was modified based on the Korean standard analytical method for persistent organic pollutants. The accuracy and precision of the 37 target PFAS ranged from 63% to 129% and 0.6% to 11.7%, respectively, with method detection limits of 0.03–1.94 ng/g in sediment. Satisfactory results were obtained for water samples using the current Korean standard analytical method for POPs. Meanwhile, for sediment samples, owing to the poor results obtained for the two compounds, the method was modified.
{"title":"Development of Simultaneous Analytical Methods of 37 PFAS in Drinking Water and Sediment Samples","authors":"Mingyeong Kim, Macha Fulgence Jacob, Kimberly Etombi Muambo, Wonjin Sim, Jeon-Hui Oh","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, making it difficult to analyze many PFAS simultaneously. In this study, the simultaneous analytical methods of 37 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including the PFAS alternative compounds Gen-X, ADONA, Major F53B, Minor F53B, and precursors FOSA, FOSAA, MeFOSAA, EtFOSAA, n:2 FTUA, n:3 FTCA, and n:2 FTS in drinking water and sediment samples were developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on the Korean persistent organic pollutants (POPs) standard method. The water samples were extracted using a WAX cartridge by solid-phase extraction, while the sediment samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction. The accuracy and precision satisfied the values of 50.7–118% and 0.01–8.5%, respectively, with a method detection limit of 0.12–1.36 ng/L. The PFAS analytical method for sediment samples was modified based on the Korean standard analytical method for persistent organic pollutants. The accuracy and precision of the 37 target PFAS ranged from 63% to 129% and 0.6% to 11.7%, respectively, with method detection limits of 0.03–1.94 ng/g in sediment. Satisfactory results were obtained for water samples using the current Korean standard analytical method for POPs. Meanwhile, for sediment samples, owing to the poor results obtained for the two compounds, the method was modified.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78936397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Ulsan, large-scale industrial facilities emit large amounts of various odors and hazardous air pollutants. This study investigated the current status of odor problems in Ulsan and suggested a comprehensive management system. Owing to the geographical conditions, weather conditions, major industrial complexes, and management of emission facilities, complaints about odor occur mainly in summer. The city authority responds to odor problems by preparing comprehensive measures to prevent odors and introducing unmanned sampling devices, real-time monitors, and a mobile monitoring system. Major odor substances and pollution characteristics can be identified through these efforts, but information on specific odor substances, complex odors, emission sources, and transport pathways is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the current monitoring system and establish a comprehensive management system to solve this problem.
{"title":"Occurrence of Odor and Suggestions for a Comprehensive Management System in Ulsan, South Korea","authors":"Sung-Deuk Choi","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"In Ulsan, large-scale industrial facilities emit large amounts of various odors and hazardous air pollutants. This study investigated the current status of odor problems in Ulsan and suggested a comprehensive management system. Owing to the geographical conditions, weather conditions, major industrial complexes, and management of emission facilities, complaints about odor occur mainly in summer. The city authority responds to odor problems by preparing comprehensive measures to prevent odors and introducing unmanned sampling devices, real-time monitors, and a mobile monitoring system. Major odor substances and pollution characteristics can be identified through these efforts, but information on specific odor substances, complex odors, emission sources, and transport pathways is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade the current monitoring system and establish a comprehensive management system to solve this problem.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84898422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes, are present in fried food being cooked in high-temperature oil. In this study, real-time VOC concentration was measured in the upper part of a large pot in the cooking room using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR ToF MS) for 3 days (roasted on the first day, fried on the second day, and simmered on the third day). The average concentration of diacetyl was the highest on the first day of stir-frying and steaming. The highest concentrations of formaldehyde was on day 3 when pork was cooked in sugar and sauce. Formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, diacetyl, and naphthalene were detected during the frying process on the second day, and were detected in descending order of boiling point. In addition, various VOCs such as methanol were detected. The maximum/minimum concentration ratio was the highest for acrolein (3,030), so it was confirmed that many aldehydes were generated during frying. Although there is a limit to direct comparison with Occupational Exposure Limit as a result of area sample by PTR ToF MS, the mean concentrations of formaldehyde and diacetyl during the frying operation for 15 minutes were 232 ppb and 16 ppb, respectively, which was 80% of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit. After the frying was over, the VOC concentration began to decrease, and it took more than 3 hours to lower the VOC concentration to the level before the oil was heated. As various harmful gaseous substances are generated when cooking deep-frying, improvement methods such as using oil with high boiling points and developing respiratory protection programs should be devised.
{"title":"A Field Study on Volatile Organic Compounds Generated During Cooking in a Large Pot Using PTR ToF MS","authors":"Byeonghun Oh, J. Jeong, Jungah Shin, Boo-Chul Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including aldehydes, are present in fried food being cooked in high-temperature oil. In this study, real-time VOC concentration was measured in the upper part of a large pot in the cooking room using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR ToF MS) for 3 days (roasted on the first day, fried on the second day, and simmered on the third day). The average concentration of diacetyl was the highest on the first day of stir-frying and steaming. The highest concentrations of formaldehyde was on day 3 when pork was cooked in sugar and sauce. Formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, diacetyl, and naphthalene were detected during the frying process on the second day, and were detected in descending order of boiling point. In addition, various VOCs such as methanol were detected. The maximum/minimum concentration ratio was the highest for acrolein (3,030), so it was confirmed that many aldehydes were generated during frying. Although there is a limit to direct comparison with Occupational Exposure Limit as a result of area sample by PTR ToF MS, the mean concentrations of formaldehyde and diacetyl during the frying operation for 15 minutes were 232 ppb and 16 ppb, respectively, which was 80% of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value-Short Term Exposure Limit. After the frying was over, the VOC concentration began to decrease, and it took more than 3 hours to lower the VOC concentration to the level before the oil was heated. As various harmful gaseous substances are generated when cooking deep-frying, improvement methods such as using oil with high boiling points and developing respiratory protection programs should be devised.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82025729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hye-young K Park, Hyun-Su Park, Bo-ram Lee, Hee-Jin Choi, Hak-Rim Kim, Hee-Jung Lim, Chan-O Park, Ik-San Kim, Gui-Hwan Park, Doo-Young Jeon, M. Bae
The source contributions in PM-2.5 were investigated in two residential areas (i.e., Yeosu and Suncheon of Gwangyang Bay) using a source apportionment model. As a result, eight sources have been identified such as secondary sulfate (31%), mobile (16.8%), secondary nitrate (15.9%), soil and road emission (15.2%), biomass burning (11.5%), oil combustion (4.2%), coal combustion (3.7%), and industry activity (1.7%) in the Yeosu area. In the Suncheon area, secondary sulfate (27.3%), biomass burning (16.4%), and secondary nitrate (15.3%) were investigated as the major sources. Clustering of the trajectories revealed dominant wind patterns associated with high concentrations due to long range transport. In conclusion, this study shows that the source apportionment model yields results for identifying pollutant sources in two receptor locations.
{"title":"Source Assessment of PM-2.5 in the Residential Areas of Gwangyang Bay using Source Apportionment Model(II)","authors":"Hye-young K Park, Hyun-Su Park, Bo-ram Lee, Hee-Jin Choi, Hak-Rim Kim, Hee-Jung Lim, Chan-O Park, Ik-San Kim, Gui-Hwan Park, Doo-Young Jeon, M. Bae","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The source contributions in PM-2.5 were investigated in two residential areas (i.e., Yeosu and Suncheon of Gwangyang Bay) using a source apportionment model. As a result, eight sources have been identified such as secondary sulfate (31%), mobile (16.8%), secondary nitrate (15.9%), soil and road emission (15.2%), biomass burning (11.5%), oil combustion (4.2%), coal combustion (3.7%), and industry activity (1.7%) in the Yeosu area. In the Suncheon area, secondary sulfate (27.3%), biomass burning (16.4%), and secondary nitrate (15.3%) were investigated as the major sources. Clustering of the trajectories revealed dominant wind patterns associated with high concentrations due to long range transport. In conclusion, this study shows that the source apportionment model yields results for identifying pollutant sources in two receptor locations.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73030675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kim, Gang-Hyeong Lee, Yu-Na Park, Hyeon-Ju Ryu, Jongkwan Park, J. Jeon
The present study aimed to evaluate the concentration of odor substances and fine dust in areas where livestock farms are densely located, and to perform a correlation analysis of these concentrations to characterize the composition of fine dust. The mass concentration of fine dust in the areas tested was 33.6~46.68 μ/m3 for particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and 16.85~32.82 μ/m3 for particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). These concentrations were higher than those in most of the neighboring areas. Ammonia concentration was measured in the range of 2.82~11.42 μ/m3. The concentrations of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methyl ethyl ketone and toluene, were 0.24~11.82 μ/m3, and 3.08~30.61 μ/m3, respectively. Composition analysis showed that fine dust was composed of 8.2~10.2% carbon, 0.3~1.7% sulfur, and 0.1~0.9% nitrogen. Anions were detected at a higher concentration than cations, and SO42- was measured at the highest concentration. Of the four most prevalent metals detected (i.e., Al, B, Cu, and Zn), Al showed the highest concentration in both PM10 and PM2.5, and accounted for the majority of the total metal component (84.7% and 82.2%, respectively). A correlation analysis of find dust with ammonia and VOC (methyl ethyl ketone and toluene) concentrations showed that ammonia generated from livestock facilities affected the formation of fine dust in nearby areas. VOCs emitted from nearby industrial facilities were also considered to contribute to the constituents of fine dust.
{"title":"Analysis of Odor Substances and Particle Composition for Characterization of Fine Dust Near Livestock Farms","authors":"H. Kim, Gang-Hyeong Lee, Yu-Na Park, Hyeon-Ju Ryu, Jongkwan Park, J. Jeon","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.25.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the concentration of odor substances and fine dust in areas where livestock farms are densely located, and to perform a correlation analysis of these concentrations to characterize the composition of fine dust. The mass concentration of fine dust in the areas tested was 33.6~46.68 μ/m3 for particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and 16.85~32.82 μ/m3 for particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5). These concentrations were higher than those in most of the neighboring areas. Ammonia concentration was measured in the range of 2.82~11.42 μ/m3. The concentrations of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), methyl ethyl ketone and toluene, were 0.24~11.82 μ/m3, and 3.08~30.61 μ/m3, respectively. Composition analysis showed that fine dust was composed of 8.2~10.2% carbon, 0.3~1.7% sulfur, and 0.1~0.9% nitrogen. Anions were detected at a higher concentration than cations, and SO42- was measured at the highest concentration. Of the four most prevalent metals detected (i.e., Al, B, Cu, and Zn), Al showed the highest concentration in both PM10 and PM2.5, and accounted for the majority of the total metal component (84.7% and 82.2%, respectively). A correlation analysis of find dust with ammonia and VOC (methyl ethyl ketone and toluene) concentrations showed that ammonia generated from livestock facilities affected the formation of fine dust in nearby areas. VOCs emitted from nearby industrial facilities were also considered to contribute to the constituents of fine dust.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79213417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focused on improving the adsorption efficiencies of organic micropollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using a passive water sampling device (PWSD) in a marine environment during summer. Two factors were considered when increasing the adsorption efficiency by improving the sampling rate (Rs) of PWSDs for target PCBs and PBDEs: 1. Controlling the invasion of the sticky organisms that cause biofouling by tearing the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) inside the PWSD canister; 2. Preventing various suspended solids from clogging the PWSD pores. To resolve these problems, two types of enhanced PWSD samplers were devised, namely a round prest-type PWSD canister with zooplankton netting (netted), and a copper-coated prest-type PWSD canister. Copper is generally toxic to marine organisms. The netted and copper-coated PWSD samplers were deployed in Masan Bay and Ulsan Bay and their adsorption efficiencies for PCBs and PBDEs were compared with that of the prest-type PWSD sampler. The copper-coated PWSD had an Rs 1.5~1.8 times higher than that of the netted and prest-type PWSDs. A comparison of the adsorption amount of PCBs and PBDEs showed similar results, and copper-coated PWSD adsorbed more target compounds than the netted and prest-type PWSDs. The adsorption patterns of PCB homologues were similar regardless of the sampling site and sampler type, but those of PBDE homologues in the netted and prest-type PWSDs deployed in Ulsan Bay were somewhat different from the others. By comparing the adsorption amounts of PCB and PBDE homologues according to the octanol-water partition coefficients, it was found that the coppercoated PWSD adsorbed more PCBs and PBDEs than the netted and prest-type PWSDs, especially high molecular homologues. Based on these results, the copper-coated PWSD could be used to effectively prevent the biofouling of the SPMD membrane and clogging of the PWSD canister during both summer and winter.
{"title":"Improving the Adsorption Efficiencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Using a Passive Water Sampling Device in Marine Environment","authors":"In-seok Lee, Minkyu Choi, Jeong-eun Oh","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.4.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.4.153","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on improving the adsorption efficiencies of organic micropollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using a passive water sampling device (PWSD) in a marine environment during summer. Two factors were considered when increasing the adsorption efficiency by improving the sampling rate (Rs) of PWSDs for target PCBs and PBDEs: 1. Controlling the invasion of the sticky organisms that cause biofouling by tearing the semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) inside the PWSD canister; 2. Preventing various suspended solids from clogging the PWSD pores. To resolve these problems, two types of enhanced PWSD samplers were devised, namely a round prest-type PWSD canister with zooplankton netting (netted), and a copper-coated prest-type PWSD canister. Copper is generally toxic to marine organisms. The netted and copper-coated PWSD samplers were deployed in Masan Bay and Ulsan Bay and their adsorption efficiencies for PCBs and PBDEs were compared with that of the prest-type PWSD sampler. The copper-coated PWSD had an Rs 1.5~1.8 times higher than that of the netted and prest-type PWSDs. A comparison of the adsorption amount of PCBs and PBDEs showed similar results, and copper-coated PWSD adsorbed more target compounds than the netted and prest-type PWSDs. The adsorption patterns of PCB homologues were similar regardless of the sampling site and sampler type, but those of PBDE homologues in the netted and prest-type PWSDs deployed in Ulsan Bay were somewhat different from the others. By comparing the adsorption amounts of PCB and PBDE homologues according to the octanol-water partition coefficients, it was found that the coppercoated PWSD adsorbed more PCBs and PBDEs than the netted and prest-type PWSDs, especially high molecular homologues. Based on these results, the copper-coated PWSD could be used to effectively prevent the biofouling of the SPMD membrane and clogging of the PWSD canister during both summer and winter.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89573188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is an emerging algal toxin that has drawn attention because it can cause neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method for BMAA, an emerging cyanobacterial toxin, to determine whether a trace amount is detected in the water resources and treated water. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive analytical method for BMAA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with direct injection. The method was validated for linearity of calibration, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.030 ?/L and 0.096 ?/L, respectively. The optimized method was used to measure the concentrations of BMAA in surface water from each weir point of the Geum River, Nakdong River. Sampling and analysis of drinking water treatment plants of the Geum River, Nakdong River were applied to samples for each process.
β-甲氨基- l -丙氨酸(BMAA)是一种新兴的藻类毒素，因其可引起帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病(AD)等神经退行性疾病而受到关注。因此，有必要开发一种灵敏的分析方法来检测BMAA，这是一种新兴的蓝藻毒素，以确定在水资源和处理水中是否检测到微量的BMAA。本研究建立了直接进样液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析BMAA的简便、灵敏方法。验证了该方法的线性度、检出限、定量限、准确度和精密度。检测限为0.030℃/L，定量限为0.096℃/L。采用优化后的方法测定了洛东江锦江各堰点地表水中BMAA的浓度。对锦江、洛东江等饮用水处理厂的各工序进行了取样分析。
{"title":"Determination of β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) Levels in Surface Water and Treated Water by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Jae-won Choi, J. Jang, Ae-kyung Kim, Sun-hong Lee","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.4.171","url":null,"abstract":"β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is an emerging algal toxin that has drawn attention because it can cause neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensitive analytical method for BMAA, an emerging cyanobacterial toxin, to determine whether a trace amount is detected in the water resources and treated water. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive analytical method for BMAA using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with direct injection. The method was validated for linearity of calibration, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection and quantitation were in the range of 0.030 ?/L and 0.096 ?/L, respectively. The optimized method was used to measure the concentrations of BMAA in surface water from each weir point of the Geum River, Nakdong River. Sampling and analysis of drinking water treatment plants of the Geum River, Nakdong River were applied to samples for each process.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77633281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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