To identify the origin of major pollutants, we determined the distribution of stable isotopes of δ15N and δ18O in nitrate extracted from water samples and sediments collected at two-month intervals during 2019-2020 from the North Hangang River, Korea. Stable isotope ratios were measured to investigate nitrogen contamination sources in the water system. This study determined that the North Hangang River was affected by soil organic matter, livestock manure, and domestic sewage, and that the streams and rivers flowing into the main stream of the North Hangang River were affected by domestic sewage or livestock manure, resulting in relatively heavy nitrogen isotope ratios. Generally, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was higher in the inflowing streams (Geumsan, Hongcheon, Mukhyeon, and Gyeongan district) than at the main stream. Nitrogen pollution due to chemical fertilizers and soil organic matter were different in 2019 and 2020, and the ratio of stable nitrogen isotopes decreased owing to the influence of rainfall. Sediment in the North Hangang River has been affected by agricultural soil organic matter and livestock manure, showing the necessity to nitrogen pollutant management, particularly with pollutants such as soil organic matter and livestock manure.
{"title":"Identification of Distribution of Nitrogen Pollutants Based on Nitrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Ration in Nitrate from Water in North Hangang River, Korea","authors":"Jisu Yoo, Y. Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.4.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.4.164","url":null,"abstract":"To identify the origin of major pollutants, we determined the distribution of stable isotopes of δ15N and δ18O in nitrate extracted from water samples and sediments collected at two-month intervals during 2019-2020 from the North Hangang River, Korea. Stable isotope ratios were measured to investigate nitrogen contamination sources in the water system. This study determined that the North Hangang River was affected by soil organic matter, livestock manure, and domestic sewage, and that the streams and rivers flowing into the main stream of the North Hangang River were affected by domestic sewage or livestock manure, resulting in relatively heavy nitrogen isotope ratios. Generally, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was higher in the inflowing streams (Geumsan, Hongcheon, Mukhyeon, and Gyeongan district) than at the main stream. Nitrogen pollution due to chemical fertilizers and soil organic matter were different in 2019 and 2020, and the ratio of stable nitrogen isotopes decreased owing to the influence of rainfall. Sediment in the North Hangang River has been affected by agricultural soil organic matter and livestock manure, showing the necessity to nitrogen pollutant management, particularly with pollutants such as soil organic matter and livestock manure.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87967832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Hwan Kim, Byungjoo Kim, Kwang-Sig Joo, Su-Eon Ji, D. Chung, S. Lee
Imazamox, a widely used herbicide, is currently managed by the Pesticide MRLs and Positive List System of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the development of reliable standard materials for analysis is urgently required. To confirm the reliability of the mass balance method, we measured the purity of the imazamox reference material (RM) certified by an RM producer accredited with ISO Guide 34 and estimated measurement uncertainty. According to this method, the content of structurally similar organic impurities was measured using high-performance liquid chromatographic coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), and the moisture, volatile impurities, and non-volatile impurities were quantitatively analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Purity and measurement uncertainty were calculated based on analysis of the HPLC-UV and TGA results obtained, and the validity of these values was confirmed by comparing with the values provided in the RM certificate.
{"title":"Mass Balance Method for Purity Assessment for Pesticide Analytical Standards","authors":"Seung-Hwan Kim, Byungjoo Kim, Kwang-Sig Joo, Su-Eon Ji, D. Chung, S. Lee","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.3.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.3.127","url":null,"abstract":"Imazamox, a widely used herbicide, is currently managed by the Pesticide MRLs and Positive List System of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the development of reliable standard materials for analysis is urgently required. To confirm the reliability of the mass balance method, we measured the purity of the imazamox reference material (RM) certified by an RM producer accredited with ISO Guide 34 and estimated measurement uncertainty. According to this method, the content of structurally similar organic impurities was measured using high-performance liquid chromatographic coupled with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), and the moisture, volatile impurities, and non-volatile impurities were quantitatively analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Purity and measurement uncertainty were calculated based on analysis of the HPLC-UV and TGA results obtained, and the validity of these values was confirmed by comparing with the values provided in the RM certificate.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78070788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Yeon Hwang, Hyeri Lee, S. Go, Sooa Jeon, Jeehye Kim, J. Lee, C. Park, S. Shin, UJeong Hur
With reference to the quality standard, ISO/IEC 17025, we conducted on-site assessments of and comparisons between test and inspection institutions in Korea and the UK. The diversity of evaluation methods used ‘in the field’ within the UK is greater than the range in Korea. Nevertheless, when assessing on-site processes in both countries, it is clear that many aspects of the quality assessment, including the roles of the evaluation committee members, the preparation of documents for evaluation, the opening meeting, the evaluation process in the field, and the closing meeting, occur in a similar order in the UK as in Korea. However, one important difference between the on-site evaluations in Korea and the UK was noted; particularly, in the UK, the level of excellence achieved by the evaluated institution is highlighted during the closing meeting.
{"title":"Quality Control Systems in UK : An On-site Assessments of Testing and Inspection Institutions","authors":"Jong-Yeon Hwang, Hyeri Lee, S. Go, Sooa Jeon, Jeehye Kim, J. Lee, C. Park, S. Shin, UJeong Hur","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.3.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.3.149","url":null,"abstract":"With reference to the quality standard, ISO/IEC 17025, we conducted on-site assessments of and comparisons between test and inspection institutions in Korea and the UK. The diversity of evaluation methods used ‘in the field’ within the UK is greater than the range in Korea. Nevertheless, when assessing on-site processes in both countries, it is clear that many aspects of the quality assessment, including the roles of the evaluation committee members, the preparation of documents for evaluation, the opening meeting, the evaluation process in the field, and the closing meeting, occur in a similar order in the UK as in Korea. However, one important difference between the on-site evaluations in Korea and the UK was noted; particularly, in the UK, the level of excellence achieved by the evaluated institution is highlighted during the closing meeting.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86866563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) have been studied in individual experimental animals under different conditions. However, without a systematic approach, it is difficult to compare and analyse the results because of differences in doses (concentration), dosing periods (exposure), research methods, and the effects of BPA. We systematically compared and analysed recent research (between 2015 and 2021) that examined the effects of BPA on individual experimental vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals). We divided the experiments into two categories: experiments on fish and amphibians by indirect administration, and experiments on birds and mammals by direct administration. The deleterious effects of exposure to BPA were classified into two types: morphological and anatomical effects, and physiological and neurocognitive effects. Experimental animals that had less weight, were younger, and were farther away from humans in evolutionary relationships, showed toxic effects even if they were exposed to low concentrations of BPA in the short term. Long-term administration of a small amount of BPA and short-term administration of a large amount of BPA also showed severe toxic effects. When the parents absorbed BPA during puberty, just before fertilisation, or during pregnancy, toxic effects were transmitted from dosed parents to offspring. With increasing amounts of BPA production and waste, there is a growing possibility that animals in various ecosystems will be exposed to BPA. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the harmful effects of BPA on various animals and the conditions under which it affects them. We hope that the results reported here will contribute to the development of standardized study designs for BPA research, to ensure that results can be more readily compared.
{"title":"Analysis of the Toxic Effects of Bisphenol A on the Groups of Vertebrate Animals: a Comprehensive Review of Research 2015-2021","authors":"Yousook Ahn, D. H. Kim, Sungwon Cho","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.3.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.3.107","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) have been studied in individual experimental animals under different conditions. However, without a systematic approach, it is difficult to compare and analyse the results because of differences in doses (concentration), dosing periods (exposure), research methods, and the effects of BPA. We systematically compared and analysed recent research (between 2015 and 2021) that examined the effects of BPA on individual experimental vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals). We divided the experiments into two categories: experiments on fish and amphibians by indirect administration, and experiments on birds and mammals by direct administration. The deleterious effects of exposure to BPA were classified into two types: morphological and anatomical effects, and physiological and neurocognitive effects. Experimental animals that had less weight, were younger, and were farther away from humans in evolutionary relationships, showed toxic effects even if they were exposed to low concentrations of BPA in the short term. Long-term administration of a small amount of BPA and short-term administration of a large amount of BPA also showed severe toxic effects. When the parents absorbed BPA during puberty, just before fertilisation, or during pregnancy, toxic effects were transmitted from dosed parents to offspring. With increasing amounts of BPA production and waste, there is a growing possibility that animals in various ecosystems will be exposed to BPA. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the harmful effects of BPA on various animals and the conditions under which it affects them. We hope that the results reported here will contribute to the development of standardized study designs for BPA research, to ensure that results can be more readily compared.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77245741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seong-Hwa Choi, Seong-Woo Choi, Dong-Yeong Kim, Y. Cha, Seung-Woo Park, Seoi Lee, Eun-chul Yoo
We investigated the distribution of hazardous heavy metals (As, Cr6+, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Mn) and estimated the health risk related to the heavy metals in fine dust (PM-10 and PM-2.5) of Sasang industrial complex, Busan, Korea. The concentration of fine dust in the industrial complex was 1.2 times higher than in a residential area, while harmful heavy metals showed a difference of at least 1.3 times (Cd) and up to 6.5 times (Ni). The concentration of fine dust and carcinogenic heavy metals in the industrial complex increased significantly compared to the residential area in spring (March to May) and winter (December to February) months. A risk assessment was performed using Monte-Carlo simulations containing a four-step procedure. During hazard identification, As, Cr6+ Ni, Cd, and Pb were categorized as human carcinogens and probable human carcinogens and evaluated for their levels of excess cancer risk. For concentrations of over 90% Cr6+ and As, the excess cancer risk was over 10-5 (1 person per 100,000). The non-cancer hazard index of As, Cr6+, Cd, and Mn was below the limit value of 1.
{"title":"Evaluation of Health Risk from Concentrations of Heavy Metal in PM-10 and PM-2.5 particles at Sasang Industrial Complex of Busan, Korea","authors":"Seong-Hwa Choi, Seong-Woo Choi, Dong-Yeong Kim, Y. Cha, Seung-Woo Park, Seoi Lee, Eun-chul Yoo","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.3.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.3.133","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the distribution of hazardous heavy metals (As, Cr6+, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Mn) and estimated the health risk related to the heavy metals in fine dust (PM-10 and PM-2.5) of Sasang industrial complex, Busan, Korea. The concentration of fine dust in the industrial complex was 1.2 times higher than in a residential area, while harmful heavy metals showed a difference of at least 1.3 times (Cd) and up to 6.5 times (Ni). The concentration of fine dust and carcinogenic heavy metals in the industrial complex increased significantly compared to the residential area in spring (March to May) and winter (December to February) months. A risk assessment was performed using Monte-Carlo simulations containing a four-step procedure. During hazard identification, As, Cr6+ Ni, Cd, and Pb were categorized as human carcinogens and probable human carcinogens and evaluated for their levels of excess cancer risk. For concentrations of over 90% Cr6+ and As, the excess cancer risk was over 10-5 (1 person per 100,000). The non-cancer hazard index of As, Cr6+, Cd, and Mn was below the limit value of 1.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of nanotechnology has led to the extensive application of metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in industry, and it cause toxicity and a risk to ecosystems and human health through unidentified pathways. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most versatile NPs, which causes severe direct and indirect toxicity upon transformation by environmental fluctuations. In this study, the transformation of ZnO NPs was examined in artificial sewage, wherein the sewage treatment process was simulated using either carbonate or sulfide, under oxic and anoxic conditions. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to identify the morphology and structure of the NPs. The results indicate that a decreasing in pH and ionic strength causes the aggregation of ZnO NPs, and the carbonate-rich condition leads to the growth of a spherical crystal into a rectangle form, without changing the crystal structure. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that ZnO NPs transform into the smaller ZnS NPs, sphalerite, under sulfide-rich and anoxic conditions. This implies that sewage treatment would cause the transformation of ZnO NPs into ZnS NPs, which have higher colloidal stability and dissolution rate; therefore, the transformation of NPs should be carefully examined and assessed for a better understanding and safe application.
{"title":"Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Transformation in Simulated Sewage Treatment under Carbonate or Sulfide Rich Conditions","authors":"Seoyeon Lee, Junho Han, H. Ro","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Development of nanotechnology has led to the extensive application of metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in industry, and it cause toxicity and a risk to ecosystems and human health through unidentified pathways. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most versatile NPs, which causes severe direct and indirect toxicity upon transformation by environmental fluctuations. In this study, the transformation of ZnO NPs was examined in artificial sewage, wherein the sewage treatment process was simulated using either carbonate or sulfide, under oxic and anoxic conditions. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to identify the morphology and structure of the NPs. The results indicate that a decreasing in pH and ionic strength causes the aggregation of ZnO NPs, and the carbonate-rich condition leads to the growth of a spherical crystal into a rectangle form, without changing the crystal structure. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that ZnO NPs transform into the smaller ZnS NPs, sphalerite, under sulfide-rich and anoxic conditions. This implies that sewage treatment would cause the transformation of ZnO NPs into ZnS NPs, which have higher colloidal stability and dissolution rate; therefore, the transformation of NPs should be carefully examined and assessed for a better understanding and safe application.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85989401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung Uhm, Se-Young Park, Seungmi Kwon, Jinho Shin, Seog-Ju Cho, Hyunook Kim
When collecting air samples for analyzing the ionic components of fine dust, a (+) error may occur because gaseous precursors react with each other on the filter surface to form particles. To remove NO2, SO2, HNO3, HNO2, and NH3, which may cause these errors, a denuder must be installed in front of the sampling port. However, with the extensive use of sequential samplers that automatically replaces filters once every 24 h, the use of denuders is decreasing. In this study, the effect of denuder installation was analyzed by operating a sampler simultaneously with and without a denuder on 279 samples collected from Gwangjin, Seoul. It was confirmed that the NH4 + concentration of the sampler equipped with a denuder was 13.4%~26.9% less than that of the sampler without the denuder when the fine particle concentration was less than 30 μg/m. Further, less nitrate and sulfate were detected when the denuder was installed. However, their levels were not as low as that of NH4 . This is likely because nitrate and sulfate are collected in a form bound to water soluble organic carbon particles and then eluted to add anions to lower the ion balance. In addition, when the denuder was not installed, the ion balance value was higher than that with the denuder installed, which was attributed to the partial neutralization of negative ions by gaseous ammonia. Therefore, to determine whether an error occurs during the experiment, the ion balance should be carefully maintained.
{"title":"Overestimation of Ammonium and its Relation to Ion Balance in Fine Dust (PM2.5) According to the Denuder Installation","authors":"Jung Uhm, Se-Young Park, Seungmi Kwon, Jinho Shin, Seog-Ju Cho, Hyunook Kim","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.100","url":null,"abstract":"When collecting air samples for analyzing the ionic components of fine dust, a (+) error may occur because gaseous precursors react with each other on the filter surface to form particles. To remove NO2, SO2, HNO3, HNO2, and NH3, which may cause these errors, a denuder must be installed in front of the sampling port. However, with the extensive use of sequential samplers that automatically replaces filters once every 24 h, the use of denuders is decreasing. In this study, the effect of denuder installation was analyzed by operating a sampler simultaneously with and without a denuder on 279 samples collected from Gwangjin, Seoul. It was confirmed that the NH4 + concentration of the sampler equipped with a denuder was 13.4%~26.9% less than that of the sampler without the denuder when the fine particle concentration was less than 30 μg/m. Further, less nitrate and sulfate were detected when the denuder was installed. However, their levels were not as low as that of NH4 . This is likely because nitrate and sulfate are collected in a form bound to water soluble organic carbon particles and then eluted to add anions to lower the ion balance. In addition, when the denuder was not installed, the ion balance value was higher than that with the denuder installed, which was attributed to the partial neutralization of negative ions by gaseous ammonia. Therefore, to determine whether an error occurs during the experiment, the ion balance should be carefully maintained.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86842365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hye-young K Park, Gil-young Oh, Hyun-Su Park, Hak-Rim Kim, Bo-ram Lee, Chan-O Park, H. Lim, Gui-Hwan Park, Jong-su Park, M. Bae
Fine particulate matter (PM-2.5) samples were collected over 15 months in the Yeosu and Gwangyang areas from March, 2019 to June 2020. Samples were analyzed for organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble ionic compounds, and trace elements. Source apportionment model (Positive Matrix Factorization) was applied to the data understand monthly and seasonal contributing sources of PM-2.5. Nine source categories with reasonably stable profiles were identified in the Yeosu area such as secondary sulfate (38%), oil combustion (14%), mobile (14%), biomass burning (13%), roadway emission (10%), secondary nitrate (6%), industry activity (3%), sea salt (2%), and coal combustion (0.7%). In the Gwangyang area, the main and relatively different source contributions were secondary sulfate (37%), biomass burning (21%), mobile (13%), industry activity (13%), secondary nitrate (5%), oil combustion (3%), sea salt (3%), and roadway emission (0.7%). The companion model such as conditional probability function, revealed that the sources of secondary sulfate, nitrate, and biomass burning facilities can significantly affect the pollution levels at the specific locations.
{"title":"Assessment of Regional Source Contribiution of PM2.5 in the Gwangyang Bay Area","authors":"Hye-young K Park, Gil-young Oh, Hyun-Su Park, Hak-Rim Kim, Bo-ram Lee, Chan-O Park, H. Lim, Gui-Hwan Park, Jong-su Park, M. Bae","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Fine particulate matter (PM-2.5) samples were collected over 15 months in the Yeosu and Gwangyang areas from March, 2019 to June 2020. Samples were analyzed for organic carbon, elemental carbon, water-soluble ionic compounds, and trace elements. Source apportionment model (Positive Matrix Factorization) was applied to the data understand monthly and seasonal contributing sources of PM-2.5. Nine source categories with reasonably stable profiles were identified in the Yeosu area such as secondary sulfate (38%), oil combustion (14%), mobile (14%), biomass burning (13%), roadway emission (10%), secondary nitrate (6%), industry activity (3%), sea salt (2%), and coal combustion (0.7%). In the Gwangyang area, the main and relatively different source contributions were secondary sulfate (37%), biomass burning (21%), mobile (13%), industry activity (13%), secondary nitrate (5%), oil combustion (3%), sea salt (3%), and roadway emission (0.7%). The companion model such as conditional probability function, revealed that the sources of secondary sulfate, nitrate, and biomass burning facilities can significantly affect the pollution levels at the specific locations.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74128381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure the safety of the citizens of Daegu with respect to drinking water sources, we continuously monitored trace pollutants in the Nakdong River basin. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) had been detected in the Nakdong River previously; thus, further low-concentration detection is required. We developed an LC-MS/MS analysis method using the online SPE approach for fast and simple detection of low-concentration PFCs. In this process, a delay column was used to assess PFC contamination. As a result, quality control analysis of eight standard PFCs using this method showed strong correlations, with correlation coefficients of 0.991 and more, and the limit of quantification was 0.5 to 1.7 ng/L. The recovery rates of PFCs from samples ranged from 75.3% ± 1.23% to 118.0% ± 1.39%, suggesting robustness of this method. Analyses of PFC at seven sampling points in the Nakdong River basin showed high PFC concentrations at the point where effluent from a sewage treatment plant was introduced. PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS values, which were used as drinking water monitoring standards of treated water at the Daegu advanced water treatment plant, did not exceed the monitoring standards. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the established method is appropriate as an analytical tool for assessing low-concentration PFCs in drinking water.
{"title":"Analysis of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Water using a Delay Column and an On-line SPE LC-MS/MS System","authors":"Gaehee Han, Hyun-Hee Kang, Jeongjae Park, S. Lee","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the safety of the citizens of Daegu with respect to drinking water sources, we continuously monitored trace pollutants in the Nakdong River basin. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) had been detected in the Nakdong River previously; thus, further low-concentration detection is required. We developed an LC-MS/MS analysis method using the online SPE approach for fast and simple detection of low-concentration PFCs. In this process, a delay column was used to assess PFC contamination. As a result, quality control analysis of eight standard PFCs using this method showed strong correlations, with correlation coefficients of 0.991 and more, and the limit of quantification was 0.5 to 1.7 ng/L. The recovery rates of PFCs from samples ranged from 75.3% ± 1.23% to 118.0% ± 1.39%, suggesting robustness of this method. Analyses of PFC at seven sampling points in the Nakdong River basin showed high PFC concentrations at the point where effluent from a sewage treatment plant was introduced. PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS values, which were used as drinking water monitoring standards of treated water at the Daegu advanced water treatment plant, did not exceed the monitoring standards. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the established method is appropriate as an analytical tool for assessing low-concentration PFCs in drinking water.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86989587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyeonjeon Cha and Junho Jeon Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, Uichang-gu, Changwon, 51140, Korea School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Uichang-gu, Changwon, 51140, Korea
{"title":"Bioconcentration and Biotransformation of Pharmaceuticals in Oryzias latipes using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS)","authors":"Hyeonjeon Cha, Junho Jeon","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Hyeonjeon Cha and Junho Jeon Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, Uichang-gu, Changwon, 51140, Korea School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Uichang-gu, Changwon, 51140, Korea","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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