Sang-cheol Kim, Chan-ju Park, Jae-hyuk Choi, M. Seo, Jin-gyun Eom, M. Park
The aim of this study was to investigate indoor radon concentration in the water curtain cultivation facilities located in the rural area of Sejong city during the winter season. The bedrock of the southern part of the city is mainly composed of granite rocks, which have been reported to retain higher radon content than sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The measured indoor radon concentrations were very high in all the facilities partially exceeding the recommended values provided in the 「Indoor Air Quality Control Act」 guidelines. Furthermore, we observed that operation of equipment to maintain stable indoor temperatures resulted in diurnal variations in radon concentration. Based on the results, we concluded that suitable measures such as changing the time at which work starts or ventilating in advance could help reduce the duration of exposure to radon.
{"title":"A Study on the Characteristics of Indoor Radon Concentration in Water Curtain Cultivation Facilities","authors":"Sang-cheol Kim, Chan-ju Park, Jae-hyuk Choi, M. Seo, Jin-gyun Eom, M. Park","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.84","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate indoor radon concentration in the water curtain cultivation facilities located in the rural area of Sejong city during the winter season. The bedrock of the southern part of the city is mainly composed of granite rocks, which have been reported to retain higher radon content than sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The measured indoor radon concentrations were very high in all the facilities partially exceeding the recommended values provided in the 「Indoor Air Quality Control Act」 guidelines. Furthermore, we observed that operation of equipment to maintain stable indoor temperatures resulted in diurnal variations in radon concentration. Based on the results, we concluded that suitable measures such as changing the time at which work starts or ventilating in advance could help reduce the duration of exposure to radon.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80508420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Son, J. Seong, Dong-Hoon Im, Sang-Soo Kim, In-seok Lee, Minkyu Choi
Marine sediments and biota collected from farming areas of Korean coasts were studied to detect the concentrations of brominated flame retardants(BFRs), hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD) and polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs), and to investigate on their distributions and accumulation patterns. The concentrations of HBCDDs in marine sediments and biota were 15-30 times higher than those of PBDEs. However, the concentrations of HBCDDs in marine sediments were not correlated with those of PBDEs(p > 0.05), and the ratio of HBCDDs to PBDEs in marine sediments were higher in farming areas. The major isomer of HBCDDs in marine sediments was γ-HBCDD(72% of the total HBCDDs), similar to those in technical mixtures(80%) and in expanded polystyrene buoy(70%) for aquaculture. In marine biota, α-HBCDD constituted the major percentage(53%) to the total HBCDDs detected. The major congeners of PBDEs were 183, 47, 99, and 153 in marine sediments and 47, 49, 99, and 154 in marine biota, associated with commercial pentaand octa-BDE mixtures. In this study, according to estimation of the biota-sediment accumulation factor, PBDEs showed a higher bioaccumulation potential compared to HBCDDs, and BDE-47 showed the highest bioaccumulation potential among BFRs.
{"title":"Concentration Distributions and Accumulations of Brominated Retardants(HBCDDs and PBDEs) in Marine Sediments and Biota from Farming Areas of Korean Coasts","authors":"J. Son, J. Seong, Dong-Hoon Im, Sang-Soo Kim, In-seok Lee, Minkyu Choi","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.24.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Marine sediments and biota collected from farming areas of Korean coasts were studied to detect the concentrations of brominated flame retardants(BFRs), hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD) and polybrominated diphenylethers(PBDEs), and to investigate on their distributions and accumulation patterns. The concentrations of HBCDDs in marine sediments and biota were 15-30 times higher than those of PBDEs. However, the concentrations of HBCDDs in marine sediments were not correlated with those of PBDEs(p > 0.05), and the ratio of HBCDDs to PBDEs in marine sediments were higher in farming areas. The major isomer of HBCDDs in marine sediments was γ-HBCDD(72% of the total HBCDDs), similar to those in technical mixtures(80%) and in expanded polystyrene buoy(70%) for aquaculture. In marine biota, α-HBCDD constituted the major percentage(53%) to the total HBCDDs detected. The major congeners of PBDEs were 183, 47, 99, and 153 in marine sediments and 47, 49, 99, and 154 in marine biota, associated with commercial pentaand octa-BDE mixtures. In this study, according to estimation of the biota-sediment accumulation factor, PBDEs showed a higher bioaccumulation potential compared to HBCDDs, and BDE-47 showed the highest bioaccumulation potential among BFRs.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-hye Shin, Y. Kim, Chun-Woong Park, Jung-jun Ahn, Hanqing Yu, Jong-sook Kim, Geum-hee Jeong, J. Choi
We conducted a principal component analysis of PM 2.5 (particles with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) at four sites located in Chungcheongnam-do, a province of South Korea, to determine the level of pollution and characteristics of PM 2.5 components at each emission source. The four monitoring sites included a steel complex near Songsan-myeon (SS) area, a petrochemical complex near Dokgot-ri (DG) area, a residential complex near Mojong-dong (MJ) area, and a village near Naepo (NP) area. Samples collected at these sites were analyzed and the concentrations of mass, ion, carbon, and element in PM 2.5 were compared. The mass concentrations were found to be the highest in SS, followed by MJ, DG, and NP. The concentration of dominant ion species were recorded in a ascending order of NO 3- > SO 42+ > NH 4+ in MJ and SO 42- > NO 3- > NH 4+ in SS, DG, and NP. The results indicate that MJ had the highest NO x concentration, which is emitted by automobiles. Moreover, MJ exhibited the highest organic carbon concentration of 5.67 μg/m 3 and elemental carbon concentration of 0.51 μg/m 3 . The analysis of the elemental composition of PM 2.5 indicated a significantly higher concentration of Fe, Zn, and Mn in SS and As, V, and Ni in DG. Different component analysis results from each emission source suggest the need to under-stand the distribution of pollutants in each region while establishing measures to reduce PM 2.5 levels.
{"title":"Study on the Characteristics of PM2.5 Components from Emission Sources in Chungcheongnam-do","authors":"Ji-hye Shin, Y. Kim, Chun-Woong Park, Jung-jun Ahn, Hanqing Yu, Jong-sook Kim, Geum-hee Jeong, J. Choi","doi":"10.36278/JEAHT.24.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/JEAHT.24.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a principal component analysis of PM 2.5 (particles with a diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) at four sites located in Chungcheongnam-do, a province of South Korea, to determine the level of pollution and characteristics of PM 2.5 components at each emission source. The four monitoring sites included a steel complex near Songsan-myeon (SS) area, a petrochemical complex near Dokgot-ri (DG) area, a residential complex near Mojong-dong (MJ) area, and a village near Naepo (NP) area. Samples collected at these sites were analyzed and the concentrations of mass, ion, carbon, and element in PM 2.5 were compared. The mass concentrations were found to be the highest in SS, followed by MJ, DG, and NP. The concentration of dominant ion species were recorded in a ascending order of NO 3- > SO 42+ > NH 4+ in MJ and SO 42- > NO 3- > NH 4+ in SS, DG, and NP. The results indicate that MJ had the highest NO x concentration, which is emitted by automobiles. Moreover, MJ exhibited the highest organic carbon concentration of 5.67 μg/m 3 and elemental carbon concentration of 0.51 μg/m 3 . The analysis of the elemental composition of PM 2.5 indicated a significantly higher concentration of Fe, Zn, and Mn in SS and As, V, and Ni in DG. Different component analysis results from each emission source suggest the need to under-stand the distribution of pollutants in each region while establishing measures to reduce PM 2.5 levels.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90748473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pyrethroid insecticides are known to be relatively safe for mammals and are widely used indoors. However, the safety of pyrethroids in humans remains controversial, and there are insufficient systematic comparative analyses of studies showing conflicting results. In this study, six studies on the effect of permethrin, a representative pyrethroid, on the human body were compared, and the factors responsible for the differing results were examined. Each study was analyzed based on five criteria: experimental method, test subject, type of chemical substance used in the experiment, concentration of the chemical substance, and exposure time of the chemical substance. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of permethrin showed significant differences depending on the experimental method, test subject, type of chemical, and the cell donors used. Thus, this study could contribute to the systematic analysis of existing studies on the human hazards of pyrethroids, to generate a more balanced consensus on their safety in humans.
{"title":"Analysis of Factors Causing Differences in the Human Hazards of Permetrin","authors":"Jun-Young Kim, Cho Su Nam","doi":"10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.171","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrethroid insecticides are known to be relatively safe for mammals and are widely used indoors. However, the safety of pyrethroids in humans remains controversial, and there are insufficient systematic comparative analyses of studies showing conflicting results. In this study, six studies on the effect of permethrin, a representative pyrethroid, on the human body were compared, and the factors responsible for the differing results were examined. Each study was analyzed based on five criteria: experimental method, test subject, type of chemical substance used in the experiment, concentration of the chemical substance, and exposure time of the chemical substance. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of permethrin showed significant differences depending on the experimental method, test subject, type of chemical, and the cell donors used. Thus, this study could contribute to the systematic analysis of existing studies on the human hazards of pyrethroids, to generate a more balanced consensus on their safety in humans.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74023306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zincon is widely used as a colorimetric reagent for determining the concentrations of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Copper and zinc are often found in the same aqueous sample and zincon can be used to determine the concentration of both ions at different reaction pH conditions (e.g., pH 5 and 9). Reportedly, zincon forms a precipitate under acidic conditions, which may decrease the precision and accuracy of metal ion determination. In this communication, a novel sequential analysis technique for the determination of copper and zinc is reported. The precipitation problem was eliminated at a pH of 9, and the concentration of zinc ions was successfully determined by treating a copper-zinc binary mixture with zincon, and masking and demasking reagents. The concentration of copper ions was determined by treating the same copper–zinc solution with only zincon. The accuracy of the concentrations of copper and zinc ions determined using the proposed sequential analysis technique was ± 13%.
{"title":"Sequential Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Ions in Alkaline Aqueous Solution","authors":"R. Kim, Sun Ku Park, In-Yong Eom","doi":"10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.233","url":null,"abstract":"Zincon is widely used as a colorimetric reagent for determining the concentrations of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Copper and zinc are often found in the same aqueous sample and zincon can be used to determine the concentration of both ions at different reaction pH conditions (e.g., pH 5 and 9). Reportedly, zincon forms a precipitate under acidic conditions, which may decrease the precision and accuracy of metal ion determination. In this communication, a novel sequential analysis technique for the determination of copper and zinc is reported. The precipitation problem was eliminated at a pH of 9, and the concentration of zinc ions was successfully determined by treating a copper-zinc binary mixture with zincon, and masking and demasking reagents. The concentration of copper ions was determined by treating the same copper–zinc solution with only zincon. The accuracy of the concentrations of copper and zinc ions determined using the proposed sequential analysis technique was ± 13%.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80929554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yoon, Myeong-Kyo Jeong, Haejong Song, Eun-Jung Na, N. Kim, Kyong-Mu Kim, Soon-lk Kwon, Insook Lee, Jaesik Kim
The purpose of this study was to document groundwater quality in Chungcheongnam-do. Samples were taken from Taean, Dangjin, Seocheon, Boryeong, Seosan, and Nonsan areas, and 48 water quality variables were analyzed in relation to applicable standards, including the amounts of naturally occurring radioactive materials(U and Rn). The results from testing 179 locations indicated that 128 were suitable and 51 were of unacceptable quality, in terms of drinking water quality standards. The nonconformity rate for nitrate nitrogen was 47.0%, while that for total coliforms was 24.2%. Heavy metals-such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cr-were detected in low concentrations at all points. Analysis of naturally occurring radioactive materials showed that U concentrations were within the water quality standard (0.03 mg/L) at all points. Rn concentrations were low in NW regions such as Taean, Dangjin, Seocheon, and Boryeong, where Proterozoic sedimentary rocks were distributed, but its concentrations in the Seosan and Nonsan areas, where granite rocks were widely distributed, required closer investigation, and it was found that the alternative maximum contaminant level (148 Bq/L) was exceeded in granite soils which originated from the Mesozoic Era.
{"title":"Study on Groundwater Quality in Chungcheongnam-do","authors":"S. Yoon, Myeong-Kyo Jeong, Haejong Song, Eun-Jung Na, N. Kim, Kyong-Mu Kim, Soon-lk Kwon, Insook Lee, Jaesik Kim","doi":"10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/JEAHT.23.4.222","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to document groundwater quality in Chungcheongnam-do. Samples were taken from Taean, Dangjin, Seocheon, Boryeong, Seosan, and Nonsan areas, and 48 water quality variables were analyzed in relation to applicable standards, including the amounts of naturally occurring radioactive materials(U and Rn). The results from testing 179 locations indicated that 128 were suitable and 51 were of unacceptable quality, in terms of drinking water quality standards. The nonconformity rate for nitrate nitrogen was 47.0%, while that for total coliforms was 24.2%. Heavy metals-such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cr-were detected in low concentrations at all points. Analysis of naturally occurring radioactive materials showed that U concentrations were within the water quality standard (0.03 mg/L) at all points. Rn concentrations were low in NW regions such as Taean, Dangjin, Seocheon, and Boryeong, where Proterozoic sedimentary rocks were distributed, but its concentrations in the Seosan and Nonsan areas, where granite rocks were widely distributed, required closer investigation, and it was found that the alternative maximum contaminant level (148 Bq/L) was exceeded in granite soils which originated from the Mesozoic Era.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88026558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-105928/v1
Sook-Nye Chung, Ji-Sung Kim, G. Im, Sun-jung Won, Jiyoung Lee, Gwang-Rae Kim, Jinho Shin, Yongseung Shin
BackgroundAsbestos is a silicate mineral that is naturally generated by geological processes in the Earth's crust. The six types of commercially used asbestos each display the asbestiform crystal habit that is characterized by fibrous aggregates of extremely long, thin crystals. This study provided data that can be used to discriminate asbestiform and non-asbestiform amphiboles contained in landscaping rocks in parks. MethodIn five of the 21 parks, two or more landscaping rocks were found to contain asbestos. These five were selected for additional study. The length and width of fibers being at least 5 ㎛ long and with a minimum aspect ratio of 3:1 were measured using a Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) and compared to a standard asbestos sample.ResultsThe park samples were thicker than 1 ㎛(average 1.9 ㎛) while the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) reference sample averaged 0.3 ㎛ in width with 100 % thinner than 1.0 ㎛. The average aspect ratios were 7.1 for the park samples and 67.1 for the HSE reference sample. The actinolite contained in the landscape rocks of the five selected parks did not show the typical asbestiform structure that was observed in the standard asbestos sample.ConclusionsBased on these distributions, the amphibole fibers in sampled landscape rocks were found to be thicker and lower aspect ratio than those of the standard sample. The result of this study can contribute to the public policy for managing and controlling of landscaping rocks containing naturally occurring asbestos(NOA) and also to communicate about the possible health risk resulting from NOA contained in landscaping rocks.
{"title":"Morphology and Size Distribution of Naturally Occurring Asbestos using TEM in Landscape Rock in Parks","authors":"Sook-Nye Chung, Ji-Sung Kim, G. Im, Sun-jung Won, Jiyoung Lee, Gwang-Rae Kim, Jinho Shin, Yongseung Shin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-105928/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-105928/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundAsbestos is a silicate mineral that is naturally generated by geological processes in the Earth's crust. The six types of commercially used asbestos each display the asbestiform crystal habit that is characterized by fibrous aggregates of extremely long, thin crystals. This study provided data that can be used to discriminate asbestiform and non-asbestiform amphiboles contained in landscaping rocks in parks. MethodIn five of the 21 parks, two or more landscaping rocks were found to contain asbestos. These five were selected for additional study. The length and width of fibers being at least 5 ㎛ long and with a minimum aspect ratio of 3:1 were measured using a Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) and compared to a standard asbestos sample.ResultsThe park samples were thicker than 1 ㎛(average 1.9 ㎛) while the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) reference sample averaged 0.3 ㎛ in width with 100 % thinner than 1.0 ㎛. The average aspect ratios were 7.1 for the park samples and 67.1 for the HSE reference sample. The actinolite contained in the landscape rocks of the five selected parks did not show the typical asbestiform structure that was observed in the standard asbestos sample.ConclusionsBased on these distributions, the amphibole fibers in sampled landscape rocks were found to be thicker and lower aspect ratio than those of the standard sample. The result of this study can contribute to the public policy for managing and controlling of landscaping rocks containing naturally occurring asbestos(NOA) and also to communicate about the possible health risk resulting from NOA contained in landscaping rocks.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85184887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung-Min Song, Sook-Young Park, Hee-ju Kang, Won-Hyung Kim, C. Kang
Ambient fine particulate matters of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected at the Mt. Halla-1100 site (a site at an altitude of 1100 meters on Mt. Halla) and the Gosan site, which comprise a typical mountainous site and coastal background site, respectively, on Jeju Island. The major water-soluble ionic species of these sites were analyzed. The average mass concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at the Mt. Halla-1100 site were 0.59 times lower and 0.78 times lower, respectively, than those at the Gosan site. The composition ratios of the major secondary air pollutants (nss-SO 4 , NO 3 , and NH 4 ) of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were 86.2% and 93.2%, respectively, at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, while those at the Gosan site were 67.7% and 87.2%, respectively. These results show the comparatively larger contributions at the Mt. Halla-1100 site. The principal component analysis reveals that the main affecting factors for the ionic compositions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles at both sites are the anthropogenic emission sources, especially the comparative influence of organic acids at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, and the marine sources at the Gosan site. Based on the neutralization factors, the fine particulate matters were acidified mainly by sulfuric and nitric acids, and the neutralization was relatively caused by calcium carbonate in PM 10
{"title":"Pollution Characteristics of Ambient Fine Particulate Matters at Mt. Halla-1100 and Gosan Sites in Jeju Island","authors":"Jung-Min Song, Sook-Young Park, Hee-ju Kang, Won-Hyung Kim, C. Kang","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.22.3.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.22.3.135","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient fine particulate matters of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were collected at the Mt. Halla-1100 site (a site at an altitude of 1100 meters on Mt. Halla) and the Gosan site, which comprise a typical mountainous site and coastal background site, respectively, on Jeju Island. The major water-soluble ionic species of these sites were analyzed. The average mass concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 at the Mt. Halla-1100 site were 0.59 times lower and 0.78 times lower, respectively, than those at the Gosan site. The composition ratios of the major secondary air pollutants (nss-SO 4 , NO 3 , and NH 4 ) of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were 86.2% and 93.2%, respectively, at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, while those at the Gosan site were 67.7% and 87.2%, respectively. These results show the comparatively larger contributions at the Mt. Halla-1100 site. The principal component analysis reveals that the main affecting factors for the ionic compositions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 particles at both sites are the anthropogenic emission sources, especially the comparative influence of organic acids at the Mt. Halla-1100 site, and the marine sources at the Gosan site. Based on the neutralization factors, the fine particulate matters were acidified mainly by sulfuric and nitric acids, and the neutralization was relatively caused by calcium carbonate in PM 10","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74433036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Passive water-sampling device is highly complementary to grab (spot) water sampling in environmental analysis. In particular, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are well-established biomimetic samplers that have proved to be useful for estimating the bioavailable water concentrations of hydrophobic micropollutants. The general performance and applicability of SPMDs have been verified in previous studies, and triolein containing-SPMDs for collecting hydrophobic micropollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are commercially available in a device package from EST-lab, USA. However, the adsorbent itself is a disposable item after one-time passive sampling, so a more cost-effective adsorbent is required. In terms of cost and efficiency, the adsorption efficiency of commercial triolein ($20/1 mL) adsorbent was compared with those of two kinds of alternative adsorbents, octanol ($0.1/1 mL) and olive oil ($0.03/ mL) through on-site field application. It was found that olive oil might be a highly cost-effective adsorbent for collecting hydrophobic contaminants, such as PAHs rather than triolein and octanol, if a biological assessment, such as yeast estrogen screen, is not considered. Various micropollutants, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musks, were detected in on-site samples collected by using an SPMD. Moreover, a significant increase of these micropollutant concentrations was found at discharge points of the effluents of sewage treatment plants.
{"title":"Passive Water-sampling Device: Comparison of Adsorption Efficiencies in Accordance with Adsorbent Types and Application to the Water Environment","authors":"In-seok Lee, Jeong-eun Oh","doi":"10.36278/jeaht.22.3.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.22.3.154","url":null,"abstract":"A Passive water-sampling device is highly complementary to grab (spot) water sampling in environmental analysis. In particular, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are well-established biomimetic samplers that have proved to be useful for estimating the bioavailable water concentrations of hydrophobic micropollutants. The general performance and applicability of SPMDs have been verified in previous studies, and triolein containing-SPMDs for collecting hydrophobic micropollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are commercially available in a device package from EST-lab, USA. However, the adsorbent itself is a disposable item after one-time passive sampling, so a more cost-effective adsorbent is required. In terms of cost and efficiency, the adsorption efficiency of commercial triolein ($20/1 mL) adsorbent was compared with those of two kinds of alternative adsorbents, octanol ($0.1/1 mL) and olive oil ($0.03/ mL) through on-site field application. It was found that olive oil might be a highly cost-effective adsorbent for collecting hydrophobic contaminants, such as PAHs rather than triolein and octanol, if a biological assessment, such as yeast estrogen screen, is not considered. Various micropollutants, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic musks, were detected in on-site samples collected by using an SPMD. Moreover, a significant increase of these micropollutant concentrations was found at discharge points of the effluents of sewage treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":15758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84122213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-Young Kyung, Yo-yong Kim, S. Hwang, Wo-kyung Nam, K. Park, Tae-Hwa Kim
The solvent extraction method for the analysis of phenol and pentachlorophenol in the present standard methods for the examination of water pollution is not easy to perform due to the use of a large amount of solvent and long pretreatment time. Therefore, the solid phase microextraction (SPME) method, which does not require an extraction solvent, was used a pretreatment approach and its applicability as an alternative to the conventional solvent extraction method was studied. The SPME conditions of fiber adsorption, concentration of NaCl, adsorption time, stirring speed, and stirrer temperature were optimized.Moreover, we assessed whether these conditions satisfied the QA/QCrequirements of the standard methods. In addition, the recovery test was performed on the effluent, and the test results of the solvent extraction and SPME methods were statistically compared by the paired t-test for phenol and pentachlorophenol analyses. As a result, there was a difference in the results of the two methods for pentachlorophenol. Therefore, the SPME method was not adequate, but phenol was judged to be appropriate as it showed 0.948 μg/L of LOD, 3.020 μg/L of LOQ, 1.8% of precision and 97.7% of accuracy. In addition, the validation test indicated that the recovery of phenol in the effluent was better than 95% by SPME. Moreover, because the paired t-test showed that the SPME method was not different from the solvent extraction method, the SPME method can replace the solvent extraction method for phenol analysis.
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