Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.21.8.310
Chiranjeevi Sirikonda
{"title":"Impact of Sea Life with Plastic Pollution","authors":"Chiranjeevi Sirikonda","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.21.8.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.21.8.310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75633633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.297
Chiranjeevi Sirikonda
The toxic chemicals are the material that can be toxic or cause health effects, they can not quickly break down in the atmosphere, they can build up small organisms' tissues, they can travel up through the food chain.Chemicals can be harmful because they can damage us as they reach or touch the body, posing a danger to human health. For example, nitrogen and sulphur oxide pollution from vehicles cause acid rain, killing fish and other aquatic species in rivers and lakes.
{"title":"Editorial Note on Toxic Chemicals & Its Effects","authors":"Chiranjeevi Sirikonda","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.297","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic chemicals are the material that can be toxic or cause health effects, they can not quickly break down in the atmosphere, they can build up small organisms' tissues, they can travel up through the food chain.Chemicals can be harmful because they can damage us as they reach or touch the body, posing a danger to human health. For example, nitrogen and sulphur oxide pollution from vehicles cause acid rain, killing fish and other aquatic species in rivers and lakes.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Ono, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Aya Matsuzaki, Seiichi Tanahashi, H. Yagoh
Mercury concentrations in the atmospheric deposits were measured from April 2017 to April 2020 in Niigata City. As a result, total mercury concentration in the weighted average precipitation was 5.7±3.6 ng/L for total mercury, 2.8± 3.0 ng/L for dissolved, and 2.9±2.0 ng/L for particulate. A high concentration of dissolved mercury was observed in June 2017, suggesting an increase in the concentration of gaseous oxidized mercury in the atmosphere. In addition, Asian dust was observed when the concentration of particulate mercury and the concentration of particulate matter increased, which may have affected the concentration of mercury. The amount of atmospheric deposition increased in winter when there was much rainfall and snow, and the concentration of dissolved mercury tended to increase.
{"title":"Observation of Mercury Species Concentration in Atmospheric Deposition in Niigata City in Japan","authors":"Takashi Ono, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Aya Matsuzaki, Seiichi Tanahashi, H. Yagoh","doi":"10.5985/JEC.31.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/JEC.31.55","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury concentrations in the atmospheric deposits were measured from April 2017 to April 2020 in Niigata City. As a result, total mercury concentration in the weighted average precipitation was 5.7±3.6 ng/L for total mercury, 2.8± 3.0 ng/L for dissolved, and 2.9±2.0 ng/L for particulate. A high concentration of dissolved mercury was observed in June 2017, suggesting an increase in the concentration of gaseous oxidized mercury in the atmosphere. In addition, Asian dust was observed when the concentration of particulate mercury and the concentration of particulate matter increased, which may have affected the concentration of mercury. The amount of atmospheric deposition increased in winter when there was much rainfall and snow, and the concentration of dissolved mercury tended to increase.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91137758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.334
Fenx Jie
{"title":"Editorial on Exposure to Benzene and Its Causes","authors":"Fenx Jie","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"29 3-4","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91476300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simultaneous analysis method for poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ethers (AEs) in environmental water was developed using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS). The target substances were those with an alkyl group that had 9 – 15 carbon atoms and an ethylene oxide molar addition of 1 – 15 (C 9 - 15 EO 1 - 15 ). The elec-trospray ionization technique was used in the LC / MS / MS measurement. The method detection limit (MDL) of C 12 EOns, which is the main component of the AEs, ranged from 0 . 00043 μ g / L for C 12 EO 8 to 0 . 0052 μ g / L for C 12 EO 1 , with the total MDL being 0 . 020 μ g / L. The method quantification limit (MQL) ranged from 0 . 0011 μ g / L for C 12 EO 8 to 0 . 013 μ g / L for C 12 EO 1 , with the total MQL being 0 . 052 μ g / L. The total MDL and MQL of C 9 - 15 EO 1 - 15 were 0 . 14 μ g / L and 0 . 36 μ g / L respectively. Tokoro River water samples were analyzed using this method. In 15 surveys, the concentration of AEs ranged from 0 . 0080 μ g / L to 1 . 2 μ g / L, and C 12 EOns were the main substances in all samples. The distribution of the number of EO additional moles of C 12 EOns differed depending on the sample. This is thought to be because of the dif-ferent uses of the discharged AE products.
建立了固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱(LC / MS / MS)同时分析环境水中聚氧乙烯烷基醚(AEs)的方法。目标物质是具有9 - 15个碳原子的烷基和环氧乙烷摩尔加成为1 - 15 (c9 - 15 EO 1 - 15)的物质。LC / MS / MS测量采用电喷雾电离技术。作为ae主要成分的c12eons的方法检出限(MDL)范围为0。00043 μ g / L, c12eo 8 ~ 0。c12eo1的检测浓度为0052 μ g / L，总MDL为0。方法定量限(MQL)为0。0011 μ g / L, c12eo 8 ~ 0。c12eo1的浓度为013 μ g / L，总MQL为0。c9 - 15eo 1 - 15的总MDL和MQL分别为0。14 μ g / L;分别为36 μ g / L。用该方法对东野河水样进行了分析。在15次调查中，ae的浓度范围为0。0080 μ g / L至1。2 μ g / L，以c12eons为主。c12eons的EO附加摩尔数分布随样品的不同而不同。这被认为是由于排放的AE产品的不同用途。
{"title":"Determination of Poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ether in Environmental Water","authors":"R. Tahara, Seiki Igarashi, H. Mikami","doi":"10.5985/JEC.31.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/JEC.31.9","url":null,"abstract":"A simultaneous analysis method for poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ethers (AEs) in environmental water was developed using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC / MS / MS). The target substances were those with an alkyl group that had 9 – 15 carbon atoms and an ethylene oxide molar addition of 1 – 15 (C 9 - 15 EO 1 - 15 ). The elec-trospray ionization technique was used in the LC / MS / MS measurement. The method detection limit (MDL) of C 12 EOns, which is the main component of the AEs, ranged from 0 . 00043 μ g / L for C 12 EO 8 to 0 . 0052 μ g / L for C 12 EO 1 , with the total MDL being 0 . 020 μ g / L. The method quantification limit (MQL) ranged from 0 . 0011 μ g / L for C 12 EO 8 to 0 . 013 μ g / L for C 12 EO 1 , with the total MQL being 0 . 052 μ g / L. The total MDL and MQL of C 9 - 15 EO 1 - 15 were 0 . 14 μ g / L and 0 . 36 μ g / L respectively. Tokoro River water samples were analyzed using this method. In 15 surveys, the concentration of AEs ranged from 0 . 0080 μ g / L to 1 . 2 μ g / L, and C 12 EOns were the main substances in all samples. The distribution of the number of EO additional moles of C 12 EOns differed depending on the sample. This is thought to be because of the dif-ferent uses of the discharged AE products.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79576043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Lake Shinji, an increase in Zn concentration has been observed in the upper layer of sediment after about 1970. The clarifying of the pollution sources of Zn in the lake is important for assessing the impact of Zn transported from the China continent on the aquatic environment in Japan. In this study, to obtain knowledge on the pollution sources of Zn in Lake Shinji, we measured the δZn of a sediment core. Moreover, we measured the δZn of aerosols collected in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, which has been strongly affected by air pollutants from the China continent. It was difficult to explain the δZn values (+0.11±0.14 (2σ) ‰) of anthropogenic Zn, which were estimated from the Zn concentration and δZn in the sediment core, on the basis of the contribution of aerosols with negative δZn values (-0.08±0.20 (2σ) ‰). In contrast, the δZn values (+0.05–0.08‰; literature data) of treated water from sewage treatment plants and runoff on receiving water in urban areas were similar to those of anthropogenic Zn in the lake. These suggest that Zn pollution in Lake Shinji is primarily attributable to the discharge of effluent such as treated water from sewage treatment plants and runoff on receiving water in urban areas; thus, the contribution of Zn from the China continent is small. This may be attributable to the release of large amounts of Zn into the environment, because Zn is used in large quantities in various products.
{"title":"Study of Pollution Sources of Zinc in Lake Shinji Based on Zinc Isotope Ratio in Sediment","authors":"M. Sakata, Kenta Ito, T. Ohno, Kenji Kusunoki","doi":"10.5985/jec.31.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.31.106","url":null,"abstract":"In Lake Shinji, an increase in Zn concentration has been observed in the upper layer of sediment after about 1970. The clarifying of the pollution sources of Zn in the lake is important for assessing the impact of Zn transported from the China continent on the aquatic environment in Japan. In this study, to obtain knowledge on the pollution sources of Zn in Lake Shinji, we measured the δZn of a sediment core. Moreover, we measured the δZn of aerosols collected in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, which has been strongly affected by air pollutants from the China continent. It was difficult to explain the δZn values (+0.11±0.14 (2σ) ‰) of anthropogenic Zn, which were estimated from the Zn concentration and δZn in the sediment core, on the basis of the contribution of aerosols with negative δZn values (-0.08±0.20 (2σ) ‰). In contrast, the δZn values (+0.05–0.08‰; literature data) of treated water from sewage treatment plants and runoff on receiving water in urban areas were similar to those of anthropogenic Zn in the lake. These suggest that Zn pollution in Lake Shinji is primarily attributable to the discharge of effluent such as treated water from sewage treatment plants and runoff on receiving water in urban areas; thus, the contribution of Zn from the China continent is small. This may be attributable to the release of large amounts of Zn into the environment, because Zn is used in large quantities in various products.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78639814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In preparation for the leakage of chemical substances from factories and business establishments caused by disasters and accidents, it is desirable for each local government to grasp the daily stock amount of chemical substances in advance. This time, the technique to estimate the stock amount of chemical substances in factories and business establishments from PRTR notification data was examined. Using existing survey data by the Ministry of the Environment, the relationship between the annual handling amount of chemical substances in factories and business establishments and the stock amount on the first day of the fiscal year and the end of the fiscal year was analyzed, and it was found that the stock amount was about 3 . 9 to 5 . 4％ of the handling amount (about 2 weeks to 20 days). We have developed a method to estimate the handling amount from the release and transfer amount of PRTR notification data, and it seems that the estimation of the stock amount becomes possible by combining with this technique.
{"title":"Estimating the Stock Amount of Chemical Substance in Factories and Business Establishments Prepared for Disasters and Accidents","authors":"Satoshi Nakamura, Yusuke Tawa, K. Noro, Y. Yabuki","doi":"10.5985/jec.31.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.31.98","url":null,"abstract":"In preparation for the leakage of chemical substances from factories and business establishments caused by disasters and accidents, it is desirable for each local government to grasp the daily stock amount of chemical substances in advance. This time, the technique to estimate the stock amount of chemical substances in factories and business establishments from PRTR notification data was examined. Using existing survey data by the Ministry of the Environment, the relationship between the annual handling amount of chemical substances in factories and business establishments and the stock amount on the first day of the fiscal year and the end of the fiscal year was analyzed, and it was found that the stock amount was about 3 . 9 to 5 . 4％ of the handling amount (about 2 weeks to 20 days). We have developed a method to estimate the handling amount from the release and transfer amount of PRTR notification data, and it seems that the estimation of the stock amount becomes possible by combining with this technique.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79008015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dang, T. Shiba, A. Kosugi, M. Okunaga, Matsui Kazuhiko, Y. Fujii, N. Takenaka
A simultaneous determination method for ammonia and humic acid in water based on the chemiluminescence method was developed. Ammonia was separated by a porous Teflon tube (in a double tube), and separated ammonia was reacted with hypobromite to produce chemiluminescence. By using the synergistic enhancement effect of humic acid for the chemiluminescence, a detection limit for ammonia of 0 . 41 μ mol dm −3 was obtained without any interference from other compounds. Humic acid in the remaining solution coming out from the double tube also reacts with hypobromite to produce chemiluminescence. Ammonia interfered with this chemiluminescence, but the effect was saturated at ammonia concentrations higher than 1 mmol dm −3 . The slope for the calibration graph of humic acid was not affected by ammonia concentration, but the value of the intercept for humic acid increased depending on ammonia concentration. There-fore, if the ammonia concentration is known, the humic acid concentration can be determined. The detection limit for humic acid was 1 . 1 ppb. The present method was applied to the measurement of natural water, and the results obtained by the present method were consistent with those obtained by ion chromatography for ammonia and another reported chemiluminescence method using N-bromosuccinimide for humic acid.
{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Ammonia and Humic Acid in Natural Water by Chemiluminescence with Hypobromites","authors":"T. Dang, T. Shiba, A. Kosugi, M. Okunaga, Matsui Kazuhiko, Y. Fujii, N. Takenaka","doi":"10.5985/jec.31.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.31.91","url":null,"abstract":"A simultaneous determination method for ammonia and humic acid in water based on the chemiluminescence method was developed. Ammonia was separated by a porous Teflon tube (in a double tube), and separated ammonia was reacted with hypobromite to produce chemiluminescence. By using the synergistic enhancement effect of humic acid for the chemiluminescence, a detection limit for ammonia of 0 . 41 μ mol dm −3 was obtained without any interference from other compounds. Humic acid in the remaining solution coming out from the double tube also reacts with hypobromite to produce chemiluminescence. Ammonia interfered with this chemiluminescence, but the effect was saturated at ammonia concentrations higher than 1 mmol dm −3 . The slope for the calibration graph of humic acid was not affected by ammonia concentration, but the value of the intercept for humic acid increased depending on ammonia concentration. There-fore, if the ammonia concentration is known, the humic acid concentration can be determined. The detection limit for humic acid was 1 . 1 ppb. The present method was applied to the measurement of natural water, and the results obtained by the present method were consistent with those obtained by ion chromatography for ammonia and another reported chemiluminescence method using N-bromosuccinimide for humic acid.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75157194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326
O. Meena
Pollution of environment is one of the most horrible ecological crisis to which we are subjected today. One of the main sources of pollution in the environments is metallic compounds. Metals and metalloids have long been mined and used in numerous applications. This has led to a significant increase of metal pollutions. Metals can accumulate in all environmental matrices at either high or trace levels of concentration. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density. Therefore amount of various kinds of metals are present in soil, plants, air, lakes, animals, oceanic regions, even in foodstuffs and human beings. Their widespread distribution, especially heavy metals, became serious problems because of their toxicities for animals, human health and the environment. Their toxicity of heavy metals depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, arsenic and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. Metals generally enter in the ecosystem in a relatively non-toxic form and generally become intrinsic components of the environment in such a way that it is difficult to remove them from the environment. Some of them are converted into toxic forms through the environmental reactions involving various micro-organisms and non-biological pathways. For example, methylated compounds like dimethyl mercury, (CH3)2Hg, are more toxic than their inorganic forms. In the present investigation more attention has been given to heavy metals like lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Although, the term “heavy metals” refer to any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Ti etc. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence, production and use, potential for human exposure and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment Protection","authors":"O. Meena","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of environment is one of the most horrible ecological crisis to which we are subjected today. One of the main sources of pollution in the environments is metallic compounds. Metals and metalloids have long been mined and used in numerous applications. This has led to a significant increase of metal pollutions. Metals can accumulate in all environmental matrices at either high or trace levels of concentration. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density. Therefore amount of various kinds of metals are present in soil, plants, air, lakes, animals, oceanic regions, even in foodstuffs and human beings. Their widespread distribution, especially heavy metals, became serious problems because of their toxicities for animals, human health and the environment. Their toxicity of heavy metals depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, arsenic and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. Metals generally enter in the ecosystem in a relatively non-toxic form and generally become intrinsic components of the environment in such a way that it is difficult to remove them from the environment. Some of them are converted into toxic forms through the environmental reactions involving various micro-organisms and non-biological pathways. For example, methylated compounds like dimethyl mercury, (CH3)2Hg, are more toxic than their inorganic forms. In the present investigation more attention has been given to heavy metals like lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Although, the term “heavy metals” refer to any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Ti etc. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence, production and use, potential for human exposure and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75642365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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