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Disaster Response on Soil Contamination by Spilled Oil in Flood Situation using Automated Identification and Quantification Systems (AIQS) 基于自动识别与定量系统(AIQS)的洪水溢油污染土壤灾害响应
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5985/jec.30.57
Kou Nishimuta, K. Kadokami, T. Miyawaki, Y. Matsuo, Y. Koga, Taiki Higuchi, N. Ryuda, D. Ueno
Oil spill accident from steel mill was caused by flood in August 2019 in Saga Prefecture, Japan. As the disaster response, spilled oil which was floating on the flood water was recovered by oil absorption sheets. It was hypothesized that soil contamination by spilled oil might be avoided if the oil could be recovered before it contacted to soil. The paddy soil samples collected in oil contaminated area (clean up with oil absorption sheets, n=3), control areas (n=2), and used quench oil (spilled oil from steel mill) were employed for chemicals analysis. The analytical technique of Automated Identification and Quantification Systems with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (AIQS-GC) was applied for Comprehensive Target Analysis (CTA). As the result of chemical analysis, sterols, alkanes, PAHs (including nativeand methylated-PAHs), and other compounds were detected in paddy soil samples. Only alkanes and PAHs were detected from used quench oil. No clear differences were found on alkanes and PAHs concentrations between paddy soils collected in oil contaminated area and control area. On the other hand, contribution of chemicals detected in paddy soils and used quench oil were clearly different. These results indicate that soil contamination by spilled oil could be avoided by the recovering of spilled oil using oil absorption sheets during it was floating on the flood water.
2019年8月,日本佐贺县发生了因洪水导致的钢铁厂溢油事故。作为灾害响应,浮在洪水上的溢油被吸油片回收。据推测,如果能在原油接触土壤之前将其回收,就可以避免原油对土壤的污染。选取油污污染区(用吸油片清理,n=3)、对照区(n=2)和用过的淬火油(钢厂溢油)的水稻土样品进行化学分析。采用气相色谱-质谱自动鉴定定量系统(AIQS-GC)进行综合靶分析(CTA)。化学分析结果显示,水稻土样品中检出甾醇、烷烃、多环芳烃(包括原生多环芳烃和甲基化多环芳烃)等化合物。用过的淬火油中仅检出烷烃和多环芳烃。油污染区与对照区水稻土的烷烃和多环芳烃含量无明显差异。另一方面,水稻土和使用过的淬火油中检测到的化学物质的贡献有明显差异。结果表明,利用吸油片对浮油进行回收,可以避免溢油对土壤的污染。
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引用次数: 2
Electrical-conductivity-based Simple Quantitative Evaluation Method for Potassium in Bamboo 基于电导率的竹中钾的简单定量评价方法
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5985/jec.30.115
K. Higashi, S. Kawakami, Juri Nakashima, M. Fujisaki, M. Nishioka
A simple quantitative analysis method for the detection of potassium in bamboo has been developed. Phyllostachys edulis from Anan City in Tokushima Prefecture was used in this study. In this method of potassium determination, the electrical conductivity of bamboo was measured after ashing and dissolution in pure water. The optimum bamboo ashing time was determined to be 8 h because the effect of water-soluble or exchangeable phosphorus on the electrical conductivity disappeared after bamboo ashing for >8 h and the obtained electrical conductivity was constant. The electrical conductivity and potassium content of various bamboo samples were determined by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy and compared. The results showed a significant correlation between them ( p <0 . 01 , r 2 =0 . 988 ). Moreover, the results indicated that a good calibration curve was obtained for this method. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the simple analysis of potassium at the field level without the use of expensive analyzers.
建立了一种简便的测定竹中钾含量的定量分析方法。以德岛县安安市毛竹为研究对象。在测定钾的方法中,测定了竹材在纯水中灰化和溶解后的电导率。竹材的最佳灰化时间为8 h,因为水溶性磷和交换性磷对竹材电导率的影响在灰化>8 h后消失,且竹材的电导率不变。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了不同竹材样品的电导率和钾含量,并进行了比较。结果显示两者之间有显著的相关性(p <0。1, r2 =0。988)。结果表明,该方法具有良好的标定曲线。因此,所提出的方法可以在不使用昂贵的分析仪的情况下用于现场水平的钾的简单分析。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Properties in Polyethene Packaged Sachet Water Generally Known as andldquo;Pure Waterandrdquo; Produced and Sold in Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State, South West, Nigeria 聚乙烯袋装水(纯净水)的理化和细菌学性质评价在尼日利亚西南部奥贡州Sagamu地方政府地区生产和销售
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.279
Onivefu Paul Asishana, Irede Loveth Egwonor
In this research, polyethene packaged sachet water from various producers, sources and distributors were analyzed for its physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. Samples were collected randomly from six (6) different locations/towns in Sagamu Local Government. The samples were analyzed for its physicochemical and bacteriological parameters. The results of the analyses were compared with the permissible limit set by WHO, EPA, Canada, and NIS. It was found that most of the parameters, turbidity 0.08-0.16 with permissible limits of 0.1-5.0, alkalinity 9-17 mg/l with permissible of 5.00 mg/l, Total hardness 3-6 mg/l with permissible limits of <60-100 mg/l, Phosphate 0.12-0.51 mg/l with permissible limits of <5 mg/l, Iron 0.02-0.21 mg/l with permissible limits of <0.03 mg/l, Calcium 2.10-4.80 mg/l with permissible limits of <75-200 mg/l, Nitrate 0.00-2.50 mg/l with permissible limits of <45-50 mg/l, Chlorine 12.8-28.30 mg/l with permissible limits of <250 mg/l were in the expected range of the permissible limits set by WHO, EPA, Canada, and NIS. However, the pH 4.73-6.10 of the sachet water samples tends to be acidic below the expected range 6.5-10.5. The Total Heterotrophic Bacteria count and Enteric Bacteria count tends to be a little lower below the permissible limits, Total Enteric Bacteria 300-480 CFU/100 ml with permissible limits of <500 CFU/100 ml and Enteric Bacteria 280-380 CFU/100 ml. It was recommended that water producing industries should site their raw water site in a safe location free from contamination, the government should involve the participation of equipped private and government hospitals with good laboratory to monitor and report accordingly the situation of all water packaging industries in their vicinity, the government should also involve the participation of genuine and reputable individuals to produce and provide paid pipe borne waters to people in their community and regulatory bodies such as SON and NAFDAC should take responsibility by continually re-assessing the production and packaging quality of drinking water in every community.
本研究分析了不同生产商、来源和销售商的聚乙烯小袋水的理化和微生物特性。样本随机从相木地方政府的6个不同地点/城镇收集。对样品进行了理化和细菌学参数分析。分析结果与世界卫生组织、美国环保署、加拿大和美国国家环境研究所规定的允许限量进行了比较。结果表明:浊度0.08 ~ 0.16,允许范围0.1 ~ 5.0;碱度9 ~ 17 mg/l,允许范围5.00 mg/l;总硬度3 ~ 6 mg/l,允许范围<60 ~ 100 mg/l;磷酸盐0.12 ~ 0.51 mg/l,允许范围<5 mg/l;铁0.02 ~ 0.21 mg/l,允许范围<0.03 mg/l;钙2.10 ~ 4.80 mg/l,允许范围<75 ~ 200 mg/l;硝酸盐0.00 ~ 2.50 mg/l,允许范围<45 ~ 50 mg/l;氯12.8 ~ 28.30 mg/l,允许限量<250 mg/l,在WHO、EPA、加拿大和NIS设定的允许限量预期范围内。然而,在pH值为4.73 ~ 6.10的小袋水样中,pH值低于预期的6.5 ~ 10.5,呈偏酸性。总异养菌数和肠道菌数略低于允许限量,总肠道菌数为300-480 CFU/100 ml,允许限量为<500 CFU/100 ml,肠道菌数为280-380 CFU/100 ml。建议产水企业将原水站设置在安全无污染的地方。政府应让设备齐全、有良好实验室的私立和公立医院参与监测和报告其附近所有水包装行业的情况;政府还应该让真正有信誉的个人参与生产和向社区人民提供付费的管道水,而像SON和NAFDAC这样的监管机构应该通过不断重新评估每个社区饮用水的生产和包装质量来承担责任。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Note for Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 《环境分析化学杂志》编辑说明
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/JREAC.2020.7.266
C. Mounica
I am pleased to introduce Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (JREAC) a rapid peer reviewed Journal which have a key concerns over the Applications of Environmental Chemistry by exploring the Alternative Energy, Biodiversity, Biodegradable waste, Deforestation, Energy Conservation, Green House Gas effects, Environmental Hazards, Waste Management, Conservation and preservation of Environment in day-to-day situations. I am pleased to announce that, all issues of volume 6 were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online during the year of 2019.
我很高兴地介绍《环境分析化学杂志》(JREAC),这是一本快速同行评审的杂志,主要关注环境化学的应用,通过探索替代能源,生物多样性,可生物降解废物,森林砍伐,节能,温室气体效应,环境危害,废物管理,保护和保护环境在日常情况下。我很高兴地宣布,在2019年,第6卷的所有问题都在网上很好地出版了,印刷问题也在网上出版后30天内提出并发出。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Note on Biodegradable Materials 关于可生物降解材料的编辑说明
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2020.7.276
C. Mounica
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引用次数: 0
Examination of River Fish Survey Method using Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Analysis of Influence of Water Quality 环境DNA元条形码河鱼调查方法检验及水质影响分析
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5985/jec.30.125
Shusaku Hirakawa, J. Nakajima, Masaya Matsuki, Takaoki Koga, K. Hata, Manabu Kashiwabara, Toyokazu Koga, Taeko Ishima, T. Miyawaki, Y. Kaneko, N. Shimizu, Gensei Matsumoto, Yuko Ishibashi
In this study, we examined a fish survey method using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding in a river, and the relationship between the fish survey results and water quality detected in eDNA was analyzed. eDNA surveys and fishing surveys were conducted in summer and winter, targeting three sites on three rivers in Fukuoka prefecture. Our comparison of riffles and pools and our examination of the appropriate places to collect eDNA samples revealed that the detected fish species were not completely consistent between the two kinds of surveys and there was no ecological fea-tures common to detected fish species. Therefore, sampling at multiple locations is expected to reduce detectable fish dropouts. More fish species were detected in the eDNA survey than in the collection survey at all times. However, the results also suggested that the DNA of fish species living upstream may remain at sampling site, and benthic fish species tend to be difficult to detect by eDNA surveys. In addition, the influence of water quality on the characteristics of the survey site were analyzed, since marine species were detected in some river eDNA surveys. The results suggested that domestic drainage is likely to affect the characteristics in winter, when the amount of water is small, and the change in concentration of linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and its salts and the change of the ratio of chloride ions may be used as an index of domestic drainage.
在本研究中,我们研究了一种基于环境DNA元条形码的河流鱼类调查方法,并分析了eDNA检测的鱼类调查结果与水质的关系。在夏季和冬季对福冈县三条河流的三个地点进行了eDNA调查和捕鱼调查。我们对河槽和水池的比较以及对eDNA样本采集地点的考察表明,两种调查中检测到的鱼类种类并不完全一致,并且检测到的鱼类没有共同的生态特征。因此,在多个地点取样有望减少可检测到的鱼类流失。eDNA调查中检测到的鱼类种类在任何时候都多于收集调查。然而,研究结果也表明,生活在上游的鱼类的DNA可能保留在采样地点,底栖鱼类的DNA往往难以通过eDNA调查检测到。此外,由于部分河流eDNA调查中发现了海洋物种,分析了水质对调查点特征的影响。结果表明,在水量较少的冬季,生活排水可能会影响其特性,线性烷基苯磺酸及其盐类浓度的变化和氯离子比的变化可作为生活排水的指标。
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引用次数: 1
Simultaneous Determination of Methylmercury and Ethylmercury in Natural Waters using Propylation-Headspace-GC/MS 丙基顶空-气相色谱/质谱法同时测定天然水体中的甲基汞和乙基汞
Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.5985/jec.29.175
H. Murayama, Takashi Ono, Harumi Hirose, Y. Inomata, Tatsuyoshi Saito, Naoki Hatamoto, H. Yagoh
Simultaneous determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg) in natural waters was developed using propylation-headspace (HS)-GC/MS. Sodium tetra (n-propyl) borate was used as a propylating agent. Mercury compounds were extracted as dithizon-complex by toluene, then back extracted into water by evaporating the toluene. The mercury species in the water was propylated in the headspace vial and analyzed with HS-GC/MS. The limits of detection of MeHg and EtHg for 1 L water sample were 0.005 and 0.007 ng/L, respectively. The average recoveries of MeHg and EtHg, performed for several natural water samples, were 91 and 87%, respectively. Using this method, determinations of a small amount of MeHg and EtHg in natural waters are applicable.
建立了同时测定天然水体中甲基汞(MeHg)和乙基汞(EtHg)的丙基顶空(HS)-气相色谱/质谱法。采用四(正丙基)硼酸钠作为丙基化剂。汞化合物被甲苯提取成二硫腙络合物,然后通过蒸发甲苯重新提取到水中。在顶空小瓶中进行丙基化处理,用HS-GC/MS对水中汞进行分析。MeHg和EtHg对1 L水样的检出限分别为0.005和0.007 ng/L。对几种天然水样的MeHg和EtHg的平均回收率分别为91%和87%。该方法适用于天然水体中微量甲基汞和乙醚的测定。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Arsenic in Rivers Caused by Mt. Ioyama Eruption, Miyazaki Prefecture 宫崎县山火山喷发引起的河流中砷的动态变化
Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.5985/jec.29.183
R. Takakura, K. Shozugawa, Mayumi Hori, Pianpian Yang, M. Matsuo
Since the eruption of Mt.Ioyama, Miyazaki Pref., Japan on 19 th April 2018 , arsenic was detected in the river exceed-ing the regulatory limit, which affected the planting of rice in 2018 . In this study, we collected water and sediments along the Akago-Nagae River from the Ebino Bridge to the Hishikari canoe Stadium in order to clarify the dynamics of the drained arsenic in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river water decreased toward the downstream, however, from the Ebino Bridge to the Nagae Bridge, it was diluted by the increase of the river water. On the other hand, the adsorption of oxoanion by ferrihydride from the Nagae Bridge to the Yuda Bridge removed arsenic from river water.
自2018年4月19日日本宫崎县山山火山爆发以来,河流中砷含量超标,影响了2018年的水稻种植。在这项研究中,我们收集了赤ago- nagae河沿岸从Ebino桥到Hishikari独木舟体育场的水和沉积物,以澄清河流中排空砷的动态。河水中砷的浓度向下游方向呈下降趋势,但从埃比诺大桥到长江桥,随着河水的增加,砷的浓度被稀释。另一方面,从长江桥到裕田桥的氢化铁对氧阴离子的吸附去除了河水中的砷。
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引用次数: 1
A study on Target Chemical Substances for Environmental Contamination Management in Disasters and Accidents 灾害事故环境污染管理中目标化学物质的研究
Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.5985/jec.29.95
Y. Koyama, N. Suzuki
Domestic and overseas efforts on response to accidents and disasters with release of chemical substances were investigated, mainly from the viewpoint of exposure level. To prioritize chemical substances that should be managed in emergency in Japan, acute exposure levels used in Europe and the United States were combined with available informa-tion on the amount of chemical substances in Japan. Regarding the amount information, two groups of substances, industrial use substances (substances related to the Chemical Substitution Law and PRTR law) and pesticides, were targeted. Priority substance list was prepared by linking with the toxic judgment value. In preparing the lists, some substances were excluded by individual judgment due to existence of existing management system, concern of risk to the public, etc. Therefore, some substances which is not focused under the existing environmental regulations were listed as high priority substances.
主要从暴露水平的角度考察了国内外对化学物质泄漏事故和灾害的响应情况。为了确定日本应在紧急情况下进行管理的化学物质的优先次序,将欧洲和美国使用的急性接触水平与有关日本化学物质数量的现有信息结合起来。就数量信息而言,两组物质,工业用途物质(与化学替代法和PRTR法有关的物质)和农药是目标。结合毒性判断值编制优先物质清单。在编制清单的过程中,由于现有管理制度的存在、对公众风险的担忧等原因,个别物质被排除在外。因此,一些在现有环境法规下未被重点关注的物质被列为高优先物质。
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引用次数: 1
Risk Management of Hazardous Chemicals under Disaster and Accident in the Environment 环境灾害和事故下危险化学品的风险管理
Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.5985/jec.29.93
N. Suzuki
{"title":"Risk Management of Hazardous Chemicals under Disaster and Accident in the Environment","authors":"N. Suzuki","doi":"10.5985/jec.29.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.29.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72909661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of environmental analytical chemistry
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