Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326
O. Meena
Pollution of environment is one of the most horrible ecological crisis to which we are subjected today. One of the main sources of pollution in the environments is metallic compounds. Metals and metalloids have long been mined and used in numerous applications. This has led to a significant increase of metal pollutions. Metals can accumulate in all environmental matrices at either high or trace levels of concentration. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density. Therefore amount of various kinds of metals are present in soil, plants, air, lakes, animals, oceanic regions, even in foodstuffs and human beings. Their widespread distribution, especially heavy metals, became serious problems because of their toxicities for animals, human health and the environment. Their toxicity of heavy metals depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, arsenic and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. Metals generally enter in the ecosystem in a relatively non-toxic form and generally become intrinsic components of the environment in such a way that it is difficult to remove them from the environment. Some of them are converted into toxic forms through the environmental reactions involving various micro-organisms and non-biological pathways. For example, methylated compounds like dimethyl mercury, (CH3)2Hg, are more toxic than their inorganic forms. In the present investigation more attention has been given to heavy metals like lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Although, the term “heavy metals” refer to any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Ti etc. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence, production and use, potential for human exposure and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment Protection","authors":"O. Meena","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.326","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of environment is one of the most horrible ecological crisis to which we are subjected today. One of the main sources of pollution in the environments is metallic compounds. Metals and metalloids have long been mined and used in numerous applications. This has led to a significant increase of metal pollutions. Metals can accumulate in all environmental matrices at either high or trace levels of concentration. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density. Therefore amount of various kinds of metals are present in soil, plants, air, lakes, animals, oceanic regions, even in foodstuffs and human beings. Their widespread distribution, especially heavy metals, became serious problems because of their toxicities for animals, human health and the environment. Their toxicity of heavy metals depends on several factors including the dose, route of exposure and chemical species, as well as the age, gender, genetics and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, nickel, arsenic and mercury rank among the priority metals that are of public health significance. Metals generally enter in the ecosystem in a relatively non-toxic form and generally become intrinsic components of the environment in such a way that it is difficult to remove them from the environment. Some of them are converted into toxic forms through the environmental reactions involving various micro-organisms and non-biological pathways. For example, methylated compounds like dimethyl mercury, (CH3)2Hg, are more toxic than their inorganic forms. In the present investigation more attention has been given to heavy metals like lead, cadmium, nickel and zinc. Although, the term “heavy metals” refer to any metallic element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr and Ti etc. This review provides an analysis of their environmental occurrence, production and use, potential for human exposure and molecular mechanisms of toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75642365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.304
Nikitha Yerram
Bioavailability and plant uptake of key nutrients increase in response to biochar application, particularly when additional nutrients are present. The ability of biochar in soil and plant systems is addressed in a comprehensive manner.
{"title":"Importance of Biochar in Agriculture and Its Consequences","authors":"Nikitha Yerram","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.304","url":null,"abstract":"Bioavailability and plant uptake of key nutrients increase in response to biochar application, particularly when additional nutrients are present. The ability of biochar in soil and plant systems is addressed in a comprehensive manner.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88218913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.322
Fenx Jie
{"title":"Column Chromatography and Its Applications","authors":"Fenx Jie","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88071812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.316
Chiranjeevi Sirikonda
{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue “Environmental Benefits and Drawbacks of the COVID-19 Pandemic”","authors":"Chiranjeevi Sirikonda","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90886526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.321
Poorna Ch, Er
{"title":"Role of Nanoparticles in Chemistry","authors":"Poorna Ch, Er","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81481994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.300
Chiranjeevi Sirikonda
Heavy metals are discovered normally in the earth and become concentrated because of human exercises, or, now and again geochemical measures, for example, aggregation in peat soils that are then delivered when depleted for agriculture. Common sources are mining and mechanical squanders; vehicle emanations; lead-corrosive batteries; composts; paints; treated woods; maturing water supply infrastructure; and microplastics drifting on the planet's oceans. Arsenic, cadmium and lead might be available in youngsters' toys at levels that surpass administrative principles. Lead can be utilized in toys as a stabilizer, shading enhancer, or against destructive specialist. Cadmium is some of the time utilized as a stabilizer, or to build the mass and shine of toy gems. Arsenic is believed to be utilized regarding shading dyes. Regular imbibers of wrongfully refined liquor might be presented to arsenic or lead harming the wellspring of which is arsenic-defiled lead used to weld the refining contraption. Rodent poison utilized in grain and squash stores might be another wellspring of the arsenic.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination in the Environment","authors":"Chiranjeevi Sirikonda","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.300","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are discovered normally in the earth and become concentrated because of human exercises, or, now and again geochemical measures, for example, aggregation in peat soils that are then delivered when depleted for agriculture. Common sources are mining and mechanical squanders; vehicle emanations; lead-corrosive batteries; composts; paints; treated woods; maturing water supply infrastructure; and microplastics drifting on the planet's oceans. Arsenic, cadmium and lead might be available in youngsters' toys at levels that surpass administrative principles. Lead can be utilized in toys as a stabilizer, shading enhancer, or against destructive specialist. Cadmium is some of the time utilized as a stabilizer, or to build the mass and shine of toy gems. Arsenic is believed to be utilized regarding shading dyes. Regular imbibers of wrongfully refined liquor might be presented to arsenic or lead harming the wellspring of which is arsenic-defiled lead used to weld the refining contraption. Rodent poison utilized in grain and squash stores might be another wellspring of the arsenic.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83374265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study compares and analyzes the long-term trends of the currently published emissions of chemical substances and environmental monitoring results, and evaluates the impact of changes in emissions on air concentrations using Tokyo as a case study. In this study, we first estimated the emissions to the atmosphere of estimated releases of outside notification, for which no data by emission media were available, and analyzed them in combination with reported emissions. As a result, it was found that the emission categories that contributed to the reduction of atmospheric concentrations differed depending on the substance, reflecting the results of various emission control measures that have been taken for each substance. The analysis using the data reported on the use of chemical substances in the metropolitan government ʼ s ordinances suggests that the reduction in emissions was not due to the promotion of exhaust gas treatment (introduction of treatment equipment, etc.), but rather to the reduction in the amount of chemical substances used. When the toxicity weighted emissions of the released chemical substances was calculated, it was also estimated that the risk of formaldehyde and acrolein was large, which was significantly different from the top-ranking substances in terms of emissions. These analyses using published data can be carried out by the administrative departments of each local government, and this study proposed a method for understanding the status of air quality improvement in the region that can be imple-mented by the government.
{"title":"Verification on Atmospheric Concentration Reduction using Published and Estimated Environmental Release Data of Chemicals in Tokyo","authors":"J. Hoshi, Chieko Nudejima, Mika Kato, T. Kameya","doi":"10.5985/JEC.31.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5985/JEC.31.75","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares and analyzes the long-term trends of the currently published emissions of chemical substances and environmental monitoring results, and evaluates the impact of changes in emissions on air concentrations using Tokyo as a case study. In this study, we first estimated the emissions to the atmosphere of estimated releases of outside notification, for which no data by emission media were available, and analyzed them in combination with reported emissions. As a result, it was found that the emission categories that contributed to the reduction of atmospheric concentrations differed depending on the substance, reflecting the results of various emission control measures that have been taken for each substance. The analysis using the data reported on the use of chemical substances in the metropolitan government ʼ s ordinances suggests that the reduction in emissions was not due to the promotion of exhaust gas treatment (introduction of treatment equipment, etc.), but rather to the reduction in the amount of chemical substances used. When the toxicity weighted emissions of the released chemical substances was calculated, it was also estimated that the risk of formaldehyde and acrolein was large, which was significantly different from the top-ranking substances in terms of emissions. These analyses using published data can be carried out by the administrative departments of each local government, and this study proposed a method for understanding the status of air quality improvement in the region that can be imple-mented by the government.","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75325155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.299
Chiranjeevi Sirikonda
plastic waste solution that has been shown to speed up the biodegradation of plastic waste in landfills, where the majority of plastics end up. EcoPure is an organic plastic additive that can be quickly integrated into the production process of plastics. EcoPure attracts landfill bacteria, which coat plastics with a biofilm coating. Other ingredients in the biomass broaden the molecular structure, allowing microbes to send out chemical signals, attracting more microbes. Microbes break down plastic polymer chains at a faster rate as a result of this process, as shown
{"title":"Environmental Effects of Plastic Pollution and Solutions","authors":"Chiranjeevi Sirikonda","doi":"10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2380-2391.2021.8.299","url":null,"abstract":"plastic waste solution that has been shown to speed up the biodegradation of plastic waste in landfills, where the majority of plastics end up. EcoPure is an organic plastic additive that can be quickly integrated into the production process of plastics. EcoPure attracts landfill bacteria, which coat plastics with a biofilm coating. Other ingredients in the biomass broaden the molecular structure, allowing microbes to send out chemical signals, attracting more microbes. Microbes break down plastic polymer chains at a faster rate as a result of this process, as shown","PeriodicalId":15764,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental analytical chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88039656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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