Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18006/2024.12(1).16.35
E. Malygina, N. A. Imidoeva, M. Morgunova, M. E. Dmitrieva, A. Belyshenko, A. A. Vlasova, V. N. Shelkovnikova, T.Yu. Telnova, A. S. Konovalov, D. Axenov-Gribanov
Truffles are one of the least studied groups of fungi in terms of their biological and biotechnological aspects. This study aimed to isolate truffle-inhabiting fungi and assess the metagenomic communities of the most common Russian summer truffle, Tuber aestivum. This study is the first to characterize the biodiversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms living in the truffle T. aestivum using molecular analysis and sequencing. Plant pathogens involved in a symbiotic relationship with truffles were identified by sequencing the hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. In addition, some strains of fungal symbionts and likely pathogens were isolated and recognized for the first time from the truffles. This study also compared and characterized the general diversity and distribution of microbial taxa of T. aestivum collected in Russia and Europe. The results revealed that the Russian and European truffle study materials demonstrated high similarity. In addition to the truffles, representatives of bacteria, fungi, and protists were found in the fruiting bodies. Many of these prokaryotic and eukaryotic species inhabiting truffles might influence them, help them form mycorrhizae with trees, and regulate biological processes. Thus, truffles are interesting and promising sources for modern biotechnological and agricultural studies.
松露是在生物和生物技术方面研究最少的真菌之一。本研究旨在分离松露栖息真菌，并评估俄罗斯最常见的夏季松露--块菌的元基因组群落。这项研究首次利用分子分析和测序技术描述了生活在块菌 T. aestivum 中的原核生物和真核生物的生物多样性特征。通过对 16S rRNA 和 18S rRNA 基因的超变异片段进行测序，确定了与松露有共生关系的植物病原体。此外，还首次从松露中分离并确认了一些真菌共生菌株和可能的病原体。这项研究还比较并描述了在俄罗斯和欧洲采集的松露微生物类群的总体多样性和分布情况。研究结果表明，俄罗斯和欧洲的松露研究材料具有很高的相似性。除了松露之外，还在子实体中发现了细菌、真菌和原生生物的代表。松露中栖息的许多原核生物和真核生物可能会影响松露，帮助松露与树木形成菌根，并调节生物过程。因此，松露是现代生物技术和农业研究的有趣而有前途的资源。
{"title":"FIRST REPORT ON TRUFFLE-INHABITING FUNGI AND METAGENOMIC COMMUNITIES OF TUBER AESTIVUM COLLECTED IN RUSSIA","authors":"E. Malygina, N. A. Imidoeva, M. Morgunova, M. E. Dmitrieva, A. Belyshenko, A. A. Vlasova, V. N. Shelkovnikova, T.Yu. Telnova, A. S. Konovalov, D. Axenov-Gribanov","doi":"10.18006/2024.12(1).16.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(1).16.35","url":null,"abstract":"Truffles are one of the least studied groups of fungi in terms of their biological and biotechnological aspects. This study aimed to isolate truffle-inhabiting fungi and assess the metagenomic communities of the most common Russian summer truffle, Tuber aestivum. This study is the first to characterize the biodiversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms living in the truffle T. aestivum using molecular analysis and sequencing. Plant pathogens involved in a symbiotic relationship with truffles were identified by sequencing the hypervariable fragments of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. In addition, some strains of fungal symbionts and likely pathogens were isolated and recognized for the first time from the truffles. This study also compared and characterized the general diversity and distribution of microbial taxa of T. aestivum collected in Russia and Europe. The results revealed that the Russian and European truffle study materials demonstrated high similarity. In addition to the truffles, representatives of bacteria, fungi, and protists were found in the fruiting bodies. Many of these prokaryotic and eukaryotic species inhabiting truffles might influence them, help them form mycorrhizae with trees, and regulate biological processes. Thus, truffles are interesting and promising sources for modern biotechnological and agricultural studies.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18006/2024.12(1).106.123
Alhagie Cham, Ma. Del Carmen Ojeda Zacarías, H. L. Saldaña, R. V. Alvarado, E. Sáenz, Omar Guadalupe Alvarado Gómez
Exploring alternative avenues, in vitro culture emerges as a promising option for potential bioactive compound sources. However, compared to intact plants, only a few cultures demonstrate efficient synthesis of secondary metabolites. Elicitors have gained prominence as stress agents for enhancing in vitro micropropagation in specific tissues, organs, and cells. Recent advancements in plant tissue culture involve elicitors, opening new possibilities for in vitro production of crucial food crops. This research aimed to investigate the impact of three elicitors (Activane®, Micobiol®, and Stemicol®) on germination and in vitro multiplication of two tomato cultivars explants, employing both direct and indirect in vitro organogenesis. Among the texted elicitors, Micobiol® emerged as a successful elicitor, promoting optimal seed germination, survival, and 100% growth compared to the 80% in the control group. Further, Activane® exhibited a favourable induction response and achieved 96%, 95%, and 100% in weight and diameter of callus, yet various elicitor concentrations did not exert significant influence across treatments. In conclusion, an effective disinfection and in vitro implantation of tomato seeds ensured successful germination, promoting seedling survival and growth. Various elicitors positively impacted in vitro organogenesis, particularly in root induction, with higher survival percentages in acclimatized plants. The study guides future research on elicitor treatments for large-scale tomato in vitro propagation, emphasizing the need to identify optimal elicitor concentrations.
{"title":"Effects of Elicitation on Invitro Regeneration of two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars in Tissue Culture","authors":"Alhagie Cham, Ma. Del Carmen Ojeda Zacarías, H. L. Saldaña, R. V. Alvarado, E. Sáenz, Omar Guadalupe Alvarado Gómez","doi":"10.18006/2024.12(1).106.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(1).106.123","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring alternative avenues, in vitro culture emerges as a promising option for potential bioactive compound sources. However, compared to intact plants, only a few cultures demonstrate efficient synthesis of secondary metabolites. Elicitors have gained prominence as stress agents for enhancing in vitro micropropagation in specific tissues, organs, and cells. Recent advancements in plant tissue culture involve elicitors, opening new possibilities for in vitro production of crucial food crops. This research aimed to investigate the impact of three elicitors (Activane®, Micobiol®, and Stemicol®) on germination and in vitro multiplication of two tomato cultivars explants, employing both direct and indirect in vitro organogenesis. Among the texted elicitors, Micobiol® emerged as a successful elicitor, promoting optimal seed germination, survival, and 100% growth compared to the 80% in the control group. Further, Activane® exhibited a favourable induction response and achieved 96%, 95%, and 100% in weight and diameter of callus, yet various elicitor concentrations did not exert significant influence across treatments. In conclusion, an effective disinfection and in vitro implantation of tomato seeds ensured successful germination, promoting seedling survival and growth. Various elicitors positively impacted in vitro organogenesis, particularly in root induction, with higher survival percentages in acclimatized plants. The study guides future research on elicitor treatments for large-scale tomato in vitro propagation, emphasizing the need to identify optimal elicitor concentrations.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"23 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.18006/2024.12(1).1.15
Vinay Kumar, Swati Joshi, Bhupendra Kumar, D. Verma
In present investigation, a potential L-asparaginase-producing bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4, has been explored to enhance the production and purification of the asparaginase enzyme. Production of L-asparaginase is enhanced using the 'one variable at a time approach (OVAT)'. In Placket Burman (PB) analysis, pH, sucrose, and temperature significantly influence L-asparaginase production. Thereafter, L-asparaginase enzyme was recovered from culture broth using fractional precipitation with chilled acetone. The partially purified L-asparaginase showed a molecular weight of ~35 KDa on SDS-PAGE. L-asparaginase was characterized as a thermo-acidophilic enzyme exhibiting optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. These characteristics render this enzyme novel from other available asparaginases of Pseudomonas spp. L-asparaginase activity remained unaffected by different modulators. L-asparaginase of this investigation was successfully employed for acrylamide degradation in commercial fried potato chips, establishing its applicability in food industries.
{"title":"Production, characterization, and applications of a novel thermo-acidophilic L-asparaginase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4","authors":"Vinay Kumar, Swati Joshi, Bhupendra Kumar, D. Verma","doi":"10.18006/2024.12(1).1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2024.12(1).1.15","url":null,"abstract":"In present investigation, a potential L-asparaginase-producing bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSPS4, has been explored to enhance the production and purification of the asparaginase enzyme. Production of L-asparaginase is enhanced using the 'one variable at a time approach (OVAT)'. In Placket Burman (PB) analysis, pH, sucrose, and temperature significantly influence L-asparaginase production. Thereafter, L-asparaginase enzyme was recovered from culture broth using fractional precipitation with chilled acetone. The partially purified L-asparaginase showed a molecular weight of ~35 KDa on SDS-PAGE. L-asparaginase was characterized as a thermo-acidophilic enzyme exhibiting optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. These characteristics render this enzyme novel from other available asparaginases of Pseudomonas spp. L-asparaginase activity remained unaffected by different modulators. L-asparaginase of this investigation was successfully employed for acrylamide degradation in commercial fried potato chips, establishing its applicability in food industries.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 S23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).809.814
Salma Walid, Geetha Subramaniam, L. A. Sivasamugham, Wong Ling Shing, Preamala Gunabalasingam, Nurfara Ain Binti Ramli, Nithiya Visayaragawan, Gan Li Lian, Anshoo Agarwal
Commensal bacteria like the Staphylococcal species are part of the skin microbiota, which helps maintain healthy skin. However, certain factors can lead to these commensals becoming opportunistic pathogens capable of causing diseases like acne vulgaris. Topical and systemic antibiotics have been the main treatment for acne. However, long-term antibiotic usage could result in the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and treatment failure. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical acne samples. Skin swabs were collected from 50 acne patients and cultured under anaerobic conditions. The resulting bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the confirmed isolates were determined using the disc diffusion assay for eight commonly prescribed antibiotics for acne treatment. Sequencing results revealed that S. epidermidis was the most isolated bacterial species (68%, n=34), followed by S. aureus (8%, n=4). However, a significant proportion of bacterial isolates were susceptible to all eight tested antibiotics, which is unusual. On the other hand, 26% (n=13) of the tested bacterial species isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin, while 36% (18) were resistant to erythromycin and 20% (n=10) were to tetracycline. Since there has been limited research regarding the antibiotic resistance patterns of anaerobic acne-associated bacteria in Malaysia, this study can help shed some light on suitable local prescription practices and raise awareness about the cautious use of antibiotics in treating acne vulgaris.
{"title":"Identification and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with acne vulgaris","authors":"Salma Walid, Geetha Subramaniam, L. A. Sivasamugham, Wong Ling Shing, Preamala Gunabalasingam, Nurfara Ain Binti Ramli, Nithiya Visayaragawan, Gan Li Lian, Anshoo Agarwal","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).809.814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).809.814","url":null,"abstract":"Commensal bacteria like the Staphylococcal species are part of the skin microbiota, which helps maintain healthy skin. However, certain factors can lead to these commensals becoming opportunistic pathogens capable of causing diseases like acne vulgaris. Topical and systemic antibiotics have been the main treatment for acne. However, long-term antibiotic usage could result in the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and treatment failure. This study evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical acne samples. Skin swabs were collected from 50 acne patients and cultured under anaerobic conditions. The resulting bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the confirmed isolates were determined using the disc diffusion assay for eight commonly prescribed antibiotics for acne treatment. Sequencing results revealed that S. epidermidis was the most isolated bacterial species (68%, n=34), followed by S. aureus (8%, n=4). However, a significant proportion of bacterial isolates were susceptible to all eight tested antibiotics, which is unusual. On the other hand, 26% (n=13) of the tested bacterial species isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin, while 36% (18) were resistant to erythromycin and 20% (n=10) were to tetracycline. Since there has been limited research regarding the antibiotic resistance patterns of anaerobic acne-associated bacteria in Malaysia, this study can help shed some light on suitable local prescription practices and raise awareness about the cautious use of antibiotics in treating acne vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).791.799
Chew Jia Yin, C. Hee, Wong Ling Shing, Ong Ghim Hock, Geetha Subramaniam, Jayanthi Barasarathi
As the Malaysian population grows, there is a high demand for rice, the main staple food in this region. This has caused the overuse of agrochemicals that contain heavy metals and the utilization of contaminated groundwater to increase paddy yield, posing a risk to humans. This study reviewed the accumulated heavy metals in paddy fields of Malaysia's Selangor, Kedah and Sabah states and further calculated the consumption risks of rice grains from the selected areas. The study revealed that paddy soil in Ranau Valley (Sabah), Kota Marudu (Sabah) and Tanjung Karang (Selangor) showed presences of Cu and Cd in high concentration, respectively, creating higher potential to be uptake by paddy roots. These findings also revealed that Ranau Valley (Sabah) paddy grains contained high Cu and Cd concentrations, while Sabak Bernam (Selangor) contained high Pb concentrations. Further, a higher Cd concentration was reported from the Ranau Valley (Sabah), while the higher Pb concentrations were reported from the samples collected from Sabak Bernam (Selangor), Tanjung Karang (Selangor) and Kubang Pasu (Kedah). Based on the health risk indices calculation in this study, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks in all study areas except in Kubang Pasu (Kedah) and Langkawi (Kedah) are likely to occur due to Cu mining activities, ultrabasic soil contamination, utilization of contaminated groundwater and rock phosphate fertilizer and vehicular emission. Regular assessment of heavy metal content and consumption risks of paddy is essential to ensure the paddy field is free from contamination and will help protect the ecosystem and human health.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Content and Consumption Risks At Selected Paddy Field in Malaysia: A Review","authors":"Chew Jia Yin, C. Hee, Wong Ling Shing, Ong Ghim Hock, Geetha Subramaniam, Jayanthi Barasarathi","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).791.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).791.799","url":null,"abstract":"As the Malaysian population grows, there is a high demand for rice, the main staple food in this region. This has caused the overuse of agrochemicals that contain heavy metals and the utilization of contaminated groundwater to increase paddy yield, posing a risk to humans. This study reviewed the accumulated heavy metals in paddy fields of Malaysia's Selangor, Kedah and Sabah states and further calculated the consumption risks of rice grains from the selected areas. The study revealed that paddy soil in Ranau Valley (Sabah), Kota Marudu (Sabah) and Tanjung Karang (Selangor) showed presences of Cu and Cd in high concentration, respectively, creating higher potential to be uptake by paddy roots. These findings also revealed that Ranau Valley (Sabah) paddy grains contained high Cu and Cd concentrations, while Sabak Bernam (Selangor) contained high Pb concentrations. Further, a higher Cd concentration was reported from the Ranau Valley (Sabah), while the higher Pb concentrations were reported from the samples collected from Sabak Bernam (Selangor), Tanjung Karang (Selangor) and Kubang Pasu (Kedah). Based on the health risk indices calculation in this study, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks in all study areas except in Kubang Pasu (Kedah) and Langkawi (Kedah) are likely to occur due to Cu mining activities, ultrabasic soil contamination, utilization of contaminated groundwater and rock phosphate fertilizer and vehicular emission. Regular assessment of heavy metal content and consumption risks of paddy is essential to ensure the paddy field is free from contamination and will help protect the ecosystem and human health.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).815.821
Harshyini Maheswaran, S. Djearamane, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, Wong Ling Shing
The advancement of nanomedicine drugs as an outcome of nanotechnology offers tremendous potential to enhance cancer-fighting tactics. Scientists have begun studying the role of NPs in immunotherapy, an area that is particularly beneficial in treating malignancies. Conventional treatment of cancer uses medications known as chemotherapy that frequently cause adverse effects on healthy tissues. Zinc is a vital micronutrient for the well-being of humans; therefore, nanomaterials such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are progressively appealing as cutting-edge medical agents with implementations like anticancer properties. A bottom-up approach was utilized to chemically produce the ZnO NPs, which were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). MTT assays have been carried out to study the cell viability percentage against multiple ZnO NPs concentrations and durations. The white ZnO NPs displayed a diverse morphology within the nanoscale range, featuring rod and spherical shapes. This synthesis was confirmed through EDX, which revealed distinct peaks corresponding to zinc and oxygen, affirming the formation of pure ZnO NPs. MTT assay data showed that ZnO NPs had a dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. This observation suggests that the ZnO NPs possess the potential to combat cancer and may hold promise for applications in biomedical research, particularly in the development of anticancer drugs.
作为纳米技术的成果，纳米药物的发展为加强抗癌策略提供了巨大的潜力。科学家们已经开始研究纳米粒子在免疫疗法中的作用，这一领域尤其有利于治疗恶性肿瘤。传统的癌症治疗方法使用的是化疗药物，这些药物经常会对健康组织造成不良影响。锌是人类健康的重要微量营养素，因此，氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NPs）等纳米材料作为具有抗癌等功能的尖端医疗制剂正逐渐受到人们的青睐。我们采用自下而上的方法通过化学方法制备了氧化锌纳米粒子，并使用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和能量色散 X 射线分析（EDX）对其进行了表征。通过 MTT 试验研究了细胞存活率与多种 ZnO NPs 浓度和持续时间的关系。白色 ZnO NPs 在纳米级范围内呈现出多种形态，有棒状和球状。电离辐射 X 分析证实了这一合成，显示出与锌和氧相对应的不同峰值，从而确定了纯 ZnO NPs 的形成。MTT 分析数据显示，氧化锌纳米粒子对 HeLa 细胞的细胞毒性具有剂量和时间依赖性。这一观察结果表明，氧化锌纳米粒子具有抗癌潜力，有望应用于生物医学研究，特别是抗癌药物的开发。
{"title":"Cytotoxic Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Cervical Cancer Cell Line","authors":"Harshyini Maheswaran, S. Djearamane, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, Wong Ling Shing","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).815.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).815.821","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of nanomedicine drugs as an outcome of nanotechnology offers tremendous potential to enhance cancer-fighting tactics. Scientists have begun studying the role of NPs in immunotherapy, an area that is particularly beneficial in treating malignancies. Conventional treatment of cancer uses medications known as chemotherapy that frequently cause adverse effects on healthy tissues. Zinc is a vital micronutrient for the well-being of humans; therefore, nanomaterials such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are progressively appealing as cutting-edge medical agents with implementations like anticancer properties. A bottom-up approach was utilized to chemically produce the ZnO NPs, which were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). MTT assays have been carried out to study the cell viability percentage against multiple ZnO NPs concentrations and durations. The white ZnO NPs displayed a diverse morphology within the nanoscale range, featuring rod and spherical shapes. This synthesis was confirmed through EDX, which revealed distinct peaks corresponding to zinc and oxygen, affirming the formation of pure ZnO NPs. MTT assay data showed that ZnO NPs had a dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. This observation suggests that the ZnO NPs possess the potential to combat cancer and may hold promise for applications in biomedical research, particularly in the development of anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).822.833
K. Sharun, S. A. Banu, Merlin Mamachan, Athira Subash, K. Mathesh, Rohit Kumar, OR Vinodhkumar, K. Dhama, L. Abualigah, Abhijit M. Pawde, Amarpal
The therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for repairing full-thickness skin wounds was evaluated using a rabbit model. The rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treatment was given as per the predetermined protocol (3 doses at one-week interval): Group A (Control), Group B (AdSVF), Group C (AdMSC), Group D (AdMSC-CM), Group E (PF127), Group F (AdSVF + PF127), Group G (AdMSC + PF127), and Group H (AdMSC-CM + PF127). Skin tissue samples were collected from the healing wounds on day 28 for staining and collagen quantification. Collagen density (Area %) was quantified using tissue sections stained with Masson's Trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain using the Colour Deconvolution plugin of ImageJ and RGB stack method, respectively. These techniques function based on separating different colour channels in the stained tissue sections to isolate the collagen fibers and then quantifying them through thresholding and image analysis. Across the treatment groups, both staining methods generally showed a trend of increased collagen density compared to the control group. For most groups, PSR staining consistently indicated slightly lower collagen densities than MT staining. However, the overall trends were similar in both staining. The comparison between PSR and MT staining methods revealed that both techniques effectively assess collagen density in healing wounds. However, there were subtle differences in the absolute values obtained, with PSR staining tending to yield slightly lower collagen density measurements than MT. These differences can be attributed to the distinct mechanisms of these staining methods. Therefore, both staining methods can digitally quantify collagen density in wound healing research.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Masson's Trichrome and Picrosirius Red Staining for Digital Collagen Quantification Using ImageJ in Rabbit Wound Healing Research","authors":"K. Sharun, S. A. Banu, Merlin Mamachan, Athira Subash, K. Mathesh, Rohit Kumar, OR Vinodhkumar, K. Dhama, L. Abualigah, Abhijit M. Pawde, Amarpal","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).822.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).822.833","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for repairing full-thickness skin wounds was evaluated using a rabbit model. The rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treatment was given as per the predetermined protocol (3 doses at one-week interval): Group A (Control), Group B (AdSVF), Group C (AdMSC), Group D (AdMSC-CM), Group E (PF127), Group F (AdSVF + PF127), Group G (AdMSC + PF127), and Group H (AdMSC-CM + PF127). Skin tissue samples were collected from the healing wounds on day 28 for staining and collagen quantification. Collagen density (Area %) was quantified using tissue sections stained with Masson's Trichrome (MT) and Picrosirius Red (PSR) stain using the Colour Deconvolution plugin of ImageJ and RGB stack method, respectively. These techniques function based on separating different colour channels in the stained tissue sections to isolate the collagen fibers and then quantifying them through thresholding and image analysis. Across the treatment groups, both staining methods generally showed a trend of increased collagen density compared to the control group. For most groups, PSR staining consistently indicated slightly lower collagen densities than MT staining. However, the overall trends were similar in both staining. The comparison between PSR and MT staining methods revealed that both techniques effectively assess collagen density in healing wounds. However, there were subtle differences in the absolute values obtained, with PSR staining tending to yield slightly lower collagen density measurements than MT. These differences can be attributed to the distinct mechanisms of these staining methods. Therefore, both staining methods can digitally quantify collagen density in wound healing research.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).800.808
R. Rajamani, Indumathi K, Srimathi P, Praveena G, Ling Shing Wong, S. Djearamane
The present study explored the structural and reactivity relationship of halogenated G-C PNA base pairs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The halogens such as F, Cl, and Br are substituted by replacing H atoms involved in H-bonds of the base pairs. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-311++G** theory level, and positive frequencies confirmed their equilibrium states. To understand the structural variations of the considered halogenated systems, the bond distances of R─X, R─H, and X/H•••Y and the bond angles of R─X•••Y were analyzed. The obtained structural parameters and interaction energies are comparable with the previous theoretical reports. In addition, the interaction energies (Eint) and quantum molecular descriptors (QMD) are also calculated to understand the difference between halogenated PNA systems and their non-halogenated counterparts. In this study, the enhancement in the reactivity properties of halogenated PNA systems has been demonstrated, which indicates their improved responsive characteristics in various chemical reactions. Based on the available results, the halogenated PNA systems, carefully considering their substitutional position, facilitate better accommodation for the triplex formation of dsDNA/dsRNA. Therefore, it is concluded that the improved reactivity properties of halogenated PNA base pairs would make them potential candidates for various biological applications.
{"title":"Structure and Reactivity of Halogenated GC PNA Base Pairs – A DFT Approach","authors":"R. Rajamani, Indumathi K, Srimathi P, Praveena G, Ling Shing Wong, S. Djearamane","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).800.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).800.808","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored the structural and reactivity relationship of halogenated G-C PNA base pairs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The halogens such as F, Cl, and Br are substituted by replacing H atoms involved in H-bonds of the base pairs. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-311++G** theory level, and positive frequencies confirmed their equilibrium states. To understand the structural variations of the considered halogenated systems, the bond distances of R─X, R─H, and X/H•••Y and the bond angles of R─X•••Y were analyzed. The obtained structural parameters and interaction energies are comparable with the previous theoretical reports. In addition, the interaction energies (Eint) and quantum molecular descriptors (QMD) are also calculated to understand the difference between halogenated PNA systems and their non-halogenated counterparts. In this study, the enhancement in the reactivity properties of halogenated PNA systems has been demonstrated, which indicates their improved responsive characteristics in various chemical reactions. Based on the available results, the halogenated PNA systems, carefully considering their substitutional position, facilitate better accommodation for the triplex formation of dsDNA/dsRNA. Therefore, it is concluded that the improved reactivity properties of halogenated PNA base pairs would make them potential candidates for various biological applications.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).834.844
Ilham Boumendil, Mhammed Sisouane, Youness EL HAIMER, Nabil Bounouar, Jihane Khamlich, Asmae Baggar, Amal Safi
Salted anchovy bones are a non-recyclable waste product containing high salt levels. However, they also contain valuable minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and nitrogen. This study aimed to find a cost-effective method to desalinate anchovy bones while preserving their nutritional value and repurposing them as a raw material for poultry feed. Through various tests, we were able to reduce the salt content of the anchovy bones from 15.4% to 4.7% using a 50/50 percent mixture of tap water and from 15.4% to 3.7% using a mixture of tap water and soybean meal in a 30/70 percent ratio. Combining soybean meal with desalted anchovy bones resulted in a nutritional composition comparable to that found in poultry feed, reducing salt content. The response surface method (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal proportions of desalted anchovy bones (70-90%) and soybean meal (10-30%) and to study the variables affecting the concentrations of NaCl, Ca, P, Ash, and TNM. The study revealed the influence of desalted anchovy bone and soybean meal percentages on these concentrations. This study demonstrates that the method used provides an ideal approach for understanding the interactions between input parameters (% DAR, % SM) and output parameters (NaCl, Ca, P, Ash, and TNM) and shows promising results for the desalination of anchovy bones using a soybean meal cake as well as the feasibility of creating poultry feed.
{"title":"Ecological desalination of anchovy residues and their mixture with soybean meal for the production of poultry feed: Optimization of waste through response surface methodology (RSM)","authors":"Ilham Boumendil, Mhammed Sisouane, Youness EL HAIMER, Nabil Bounouar, Jihane Khamlich, Asmae Baggar, Amal Safi","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).834.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).834.844","url":null,"abstract":"Salted anchovy bones are a non-recyclable waste product containing high salt levels. However, they also contain valuable minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and nitrogen. This study aimed to find a cost-effective method to desalinate anchovy bones while preserving their nutritional value and repurposing them as a raw material for poultry feed. Through various tests, we were able to reduce the salt content of the anchovy bones from 15.4% to 4.7% using a 50/50 percent mixture of tap water and from 15.4% to 3.7% using a mixture of tap water and soybean meal in a 30/70 percent ratio. Combining soybean meal with desalted anchovy bones resulted in a nutritional composition comparable to that found in poultry feed, reducing salt content. The response surface method (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal proportions of desalted anchovy bones (70-90%) and soybean meal (10-30%) and to study the variables affecting the concentrations of NaCl, Ca, P, Ash, and TNM. The study revealed the influence of desalted anchovy bone and soybean meal percentages on these concentrations. This study demonstrates that the method used provides an ideal approach for understanding the interactions between input parameters (% DAR, % SM) and output parameters (NaCl, Ca, P, Ash, and TNM) and shows promising results for the desalination of anchovy bones using a soybean meal cake as well as the feasibility of creating poultry feed.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(5).780.790
Subramaniam G., Khan G. Z., Sivasamugham L.A., Wong L.S., Kidd S., Yap C. K.
Antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a global problem that has led to research on naturally occurring compounds as an alternative source of antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents. This review focuses on determining plant extracts' antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against P. aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen contributing to microbial and biofilm-associated infections in humans. Medicinal plants are being widely researched as they are rich sources of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids. These phytochemicals have been well known for their antibacterial activity, which contributes to the effectiveness of certain plants, including Punica granatum and Triumfetta welwitschia, against P. aeruginosa. Hypericum perforatum and Berginia ciliata contains phytochemicals that directly inhibit the quorum sensing mechanism, inhibiting the direct cell-to-cell communication, thereby preventing or reducing biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Plant extracts also inhibit bacterial growth and should be considered an alternative to antibiotics. Furthermore, plant extracts can be used with antibiotics for better efficacy against P. aeruginosa. However, more research must be carried out to select plants with a broad spectrum of activity against not only P. aeruginosa infections but other gram-negative bacteria in general. It would be economically viable to develop as a therapeutic drug. This would align with the third United Nations sustainable development goals on good health and well-being and is a significant step forward in the battle against antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of plant extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa – a review","authors":"Subramaniam G., Khan G. Z., Sivasamugham L.A., Wong L.S., Kidd S., Yap C. K.","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(5).780.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(5).780.790","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a global problem that has led to research on naturally occurring compounds as an alternative source of antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents. This review focuses on determining plant extracts' antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against P. aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen contributing to microbial and biofilm-associated infections in humans. Medicinal plants are being widely researched as they are rich sources of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids. These phytochemicals have been well known for their antibacterial activity, which contributes to the effectiveness of certain plants, including Punica granatum and Triumfetta welwitschia, against P. aeruginosa. Hypericum perforatum and Berginia ciliata contains phytochemicals that directly inhibit the quorum sensing mechanism, inhibiting the direct cell-to-cell communication, thereby preventing or reducing biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Plant extracts also inhibit bacterial growth and should be considered an alternative to antibiotics. Furthermore, plant extracts can be used with antibiotics for better efficacy against P. aeruginosa. However, more research must be carried out to select plants with a broad spectrum of activity against not only P. aeruginosa infections but other gram-negative bacteria in general. It would be economically viable to develop as a therapeutic drug. This would align with the third United Nations sustainable development goals on good health and well-being and is a significant step forward in the battle against antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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