Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).199.208
N. Rumbang, E. R. Asie, A. Jaya, S. Winarti, Mofit Saptono, S. Sarman, Erlinda Yurisinthae
Tropical peat is an important natural ecosystem, and its natural state plays an important role in climate regulation. These peatlands globally provide vital environmental benefits, especially in case of their enormous carbon storage potential. Peat land also functions as a source of livelihood for the community, especially for agricultural activities, and this will lead to the potential loss of carbon stock in peatlands. This study examines plants' potential to create Carbon to offset carbon dioxide emissions and different land use types. The study focused on Central and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Peat soil samples were collected from various types of land from 0-15, 15-45, and 45-100 cm depth and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. The cylinder chamber method with infrared gas analysis model EGM-4 was used to measure CO2 emissions. Plant carbon sequestration was measured in a 6.25 m2 plot in the study sites of Central Kalimantan. The study showed that type of commodity and period of management affect the carbon content in peat with different land uses, and it is affected by soil bulk density, organic matter content, and CO2 emission. In the case of study crops, oil palm, rubber, corn, and mustard emit the highest CO2. Further, corn crop has the highest potential to fix carbon dioxide and produces more Carbon per hectare than the Carbon emitted from corn-planted under peatland conditions. The study indicated that the type of commodity and the time of its management affected the carbon content in peat with different land uses, and carbon content got the change with soil bulk density and soil organic matter content.
{"title":"Estimation of Carbon pool in various agricultural crops in peatlands of West and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"N. Rumbang, E. R. Asie, A. Jaya, S. Winarti, Mofit Saptono, S. Sarman, Erlinda Yurisinthae","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).199.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).199.208","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical peat is an important natural ecosystem, and its natural state plays an important role in climate regulation. These peatlands globally provide vital environmental benefits, especially in case of their enormous carbon storage potential. Peat land also functions as a source of livelihood for the community, especially for agricultural activities, and this will lead to the potential loss of carbon stock in peatlands. This study examines plants' potential to create Carbon to offset carbon dioxide emissions and different land use types. The study focused on Central and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Peat soil samples were collected from various types of land from 0-15, 15-45, and 45-100 cm depth and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. The cylinder chamber method with infrared gas analysis model EGM-4 was used to measure CO2 emissions. Plant carbon sequestration was measured in a 6.25 m2 plot in the study sites of Central Kalimantan. The study showed that type of commodity and period of management affect the carbon content in peat with different land uses, and it is affected by soil bulk density, organic matter content, and CO2 emission. In the case of study crops, oil palm, rubber, corn, and mustard emit the highest CO2. Further, corn crop has the highest potential to fix carbon dioxide and produces more Carbon per hectare than the Carbon emitted from corn-planted under peatland conditions. The study indicated that the type of commodity and the time of its management affected the carbon content in peat with different land uses, and carbon content got the change with soil bulk density and soil organic matter content.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47592151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).140.149
Kouadio Oi Kouadio Samuel, Silué Oumar, K. Dramane, Yapo Sopie Edwige Salomé, N. Rachelle, K. Hilaire
The cultivation of pineapple contributes 1.6% of the gross Ivorian national product (GDP). However, this crop is facing a severe production crisis due to the aging of the orchards. Revising this sector requires the rejuvenation of orchards with healthy and improved planting material. This work was conducted to study the conditions for the efficient in vitro production of restorative pineapple planting material by somatic embryogenesis. The effects of seven culture media consisting of a different combination of nitrogen sources (casein hydrolyzate, glutamine, and glycine), cytokinins (kinetin or BAP), and auxins (2,4-D or picloram) were tested on somatic embryos induction and maturation in pineapple. Results of the study revealed that EIM1 (EIM added with 3 mg.L-1 picloram, 0.05 mg.L-1BAP, 2 mg.L-1 glycine, 1000 mg.L-1glutamine, 100 mg.L-1casein hydrolyzate) and EIM5 (EIM added with 2 mg.L-1glycine, 100 mg.L-1casein hydrolyzate, 0.2 mg.L-1kinetin) media induced the highest numbers of embryogenic cells, i.e., 154 and 149 cells respectively. Further, the EIM5 medium was more embryogenic, with the most significant number of mature embryos (66 mature embryos), and allowed the observation of all embryonic maturation stages. Embryogenic cell induction in pineapple is thought to be controlled by a low NH4+/NO3- ratio in interactions with phytohormones. In the presence of 2,4-D, embryogenic cell maturation was improved by kinetin addition to the culture medium containing glycine and casein hydrolyzate.
{"title":"Effect of culture medium composition on somatic embryos induction and maturation of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) var. (Smooth Cayenne)]","authors":"Kouadio Oi Kouadio Samuel, Silué Oumar, K. Dramane, Yapo Sopie Edwige Salomé, N. Rachelle, K. Hilaire","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).140.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).140.149","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of pineapple contributes 1.6% of the gross Ivorian national product (GDP). However, this crop is facing a severe production crisis due to the aging of the orchards. Revising this sector requires the rejuvenation of orchards with healthy and improved planting material. This work was conducted to study the conditions for the efficient in vitro production of restorative pineapple planting material by somatic embryogenesis. The effects of seven culture media consisting of a different combination of nitrogen sources (casein hydrolyzate, glutamine, and glycine), cytokinins (kinetin or BAP), and auxins (2,4-D or picloram) were tested on somatic embryos induction and maturation in pineapple. Results of the study revealed that EIM1 (EIM added with 3 mg.L-1 picloram, 0.05 mg.L-1BAP, 2 mg.L-1 glycine, 1000 mg.L-1glutamine, 100 mg.L-1casein hydrolyzate) and EIM5 (EIM added with 2 mg.L-1glycine, 100 mg.L-1casein hydrolyzate, 0.2 mg.L-1kinetin) media induced the highest numbers of embryogenic cells, i.e., 154 and 149 cells respectively. Further, the EIM5 medium was more embryogenic, with the most significant number of mature embryos (66 mature embryos), and allowed the observation of all embryonic maturation stages. Embryogenic cell induction in pineapple is thought to be controlled by a low NH4+/NO3- ratio in interactions with phytohormones. In the presence of 2,4-D, embryogenic cell maturation was improved by kinetin addition to the culture medium containing glycine and casein hydrolyzate.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).150.157
Praveen Sv, Pooja Upasana Bhanj, Paras Jha, Deepak Chandran, Prachi Singh, Sandip Chakraborty, Abhijit Dey, K. Dhama
Most, if not all, the vaccine candidates designed to counteract COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection require parenteral administration. Mucosal immunity established by vaccination could significantly contribute to containing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which is spread by infected respiratory secretions. The world has been impacted on many fronts by the COVID-19 pandemic since early 2020 and has yet to recover entirely from the impact of the crisis. In late 2022 and early 2023, China experienced a new surge of COVID-19 outbreaks, mainly in the country's northeastern region. With the threat of new variants like XBB 1.5 and BF.7, India might experience a similar COVID-19 surge as China and needs to be prepared to avoid destruction again. An intranasal vaccine can elicit multiple immunological responses, including IgG neutralization, mucosal IgA production, and T-cell responses. In order to prevent further infection and the spread of COVID-19, local immune responses in the nasal mucosa are required. iNCOVACC is a recombinant vaccine vectored by an adenovirus that contains a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that has been pre-fusion stabilized. This vaccine candidate has shown promise in both early and late-stage clinical trials. iNCOVACC has been designed for intranasal administration via nasal drops. The nasal delivery system was created to reduce expenses for those living in poor and moderate-income countries. The newly introduced intranasal COVID vaccine will be beneficial in mass immunizing the public as it does not need any syringe and can be proven to be an effective method to boost immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the Indian citizen's perceptions of the newly developed iNCOVACC vaccine in social media. For this study, we have used social media posts (tweets) as data. We have analyzed 125,300 tweets to study the general perception of Indian citizens regarding the iNCOVACC vaccine. Our results have indicated 43.19% of social media posts discussing the COVID-19 nasal vaccine in a neutral tone, nearly 34.29% of social media posts are positive, and 22.5% of social media posts discussions are negative. The general positive feeling that the iNCOVACC vaccine will work and the risks in the new vaccine are the two significant aspects Indian citizens voice out in social media posts about the iNCOVACC vaccine.
{"title":"iNCOVACC COVID-19 vaccine: A Twitter based Social Media Analysis Using Natural Language Processing, Sentiment Analysis, and Topic Modelling","authors":"Praveen Sv, Pooja Upasana Bhanj, Paras Jha, Deepak Chandran, Prachi Singh, Sandip Chakraborty, Abhijit Dey, K. Dhama","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).150.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).150.157","url":null,"abstract":"Most, if not all, the vaccine candidates designed to counteract COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection require parenteral administration. Mucosal immunity established by vaccination could significantly contribute to containing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which is spread by infected respiratory secretions. The world has been impacted on many fronts by the COVID-19 pandemic since early 2020 and has yet to recover entirely from the impact of the crisis. In late 2022 and early 2023, China experienced a new surge of COVID-19 outbreaks, mainly in the country's northeastern region. With the threat of new variants like XBB 1.5 and BF.7, India might experience a similar COVID-19 surge as China and needs to be prepared to avoid destruction again. An intranasal vaccine can elicit multiple immunological responses, including IgG neutralization, mucosal IgA production, and T-cell responses. In order to prevent further infection and the spread of COVID-19, local immune responses in the nasal mucosa are required. iNCOVACC is a recombinant vaccine vectored by an adenovirus that contains a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that has been pre-fusion stabilized. This vaccine candidate has shown promise in both early and late-stage clinical trials. iNCOVACC has been designed for intranasal administration via nasal drops. The nasal delivery system was created to reduce expenses for those living in poor and moderate-income countries. The newly introduced intranasal COVID vaccine will be beneficial in mass immunizing the public as it does not need any syringe and can be proven to be an effective method to boost immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the Indian citizen's perceptions of the newly developed iNCOVACC vaccine in social media. For this study, we have used social media posts (tweets) as data. We have analyzed 125,300 tweets to study the general perception of Indian citizens regarding the iNCOVACC vaccine. Our results have indicated 43.19% of social media posts discussing the COVID-19 nasal vaccine in a neutral tone, nearly 34.29% of social media posts are positive, and 22.5% of social media posts discussions are negative. The general positive feeling that the iNCOVACC vaccine will work and the risks in the new vaccine are the two significant aspects Indian citizens voice out in social media posts about the iNCOVACC vaccine.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).81.96
Olagbemide P. T., Owolabi O. D.
Water is indispensable to life. Consequently, water and sediment contamination poses severe ecological threats to life. Thus, this investigation aimed to evaluate metal deposition in the sediments and surface water in Ekiti State's three dams and to analyze its potential ecological effects on man's bodily, social, and mental well-being. Metal levels in sediments and dam water were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Average values of the metals in Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams, except for K, Mn, and Pb (in Ureje dam), were lower than the acceptable boundaries of local and foreign establishments. The values of the risk quotient (HQ) on the skin and consumption contacts with all metals (except Mn for ingestion exposure for children) were less than one in the Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams for both adults and children. Consumption HQ values were higher than skin HQ values in the three dams for children and grown-ups. The total hazard index (HI) posed adverse non-carcinogenic risk to children in the catchment area of the dams while the adults were not affected by the non-carcinogenic hazard. The highest cancer hazard was found in the Ureje dam, while the lowest was in the Ero dam. Further, adults were prone to higher cancer risk than children. Using multiple pollution indices revealed that the sediments in Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams were less contaminated by harmful metals in dry and wet periods. There is a need to reduce current polluting anthropogenic activities around the dams.
{"title":"Metal Accumulation in Ekiti State's Three Major Dams' Water and Sediments, the Ecological Hazards Assessment and Consequences on Human Health","authors":"Olagbemide P. T., Owolabi O. D.","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).81.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).81.96","url":null,"abstract":"Water is indispensable to life. Consequently, water and sediment contamination poses severe ecological threats to life. Thus, this investigation aimed to evaluate metal deposition in the sediments and surface water in Ekiti State's three dams and to analyze its potential ecological effects on man's bodily, social, and mental well-being. Metal levels in sediments and dam water were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Average values of the metals in Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams, except for K, Mn, and Pb (in Ureje dam), were lower than the acceptable boundaries of local and foreign establishments. The values of the risk quotient (HQ) on the skin and consumption contacts with all metals (except Mn for ingestion exposure for children) were less than one in the Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams for both adults and children. Consumption HQ values were higher than skin HQ values in the three dams for children and grown-ups. The total hazard index (HI) posed adverse non-carcinogenic risk to children in the catchment area of the dams while the adults were not affected by the non-carcinogenic hazard. The highest cancer hazard was found in the Ureje dam, while the lowest was in the Ero dam. Further, adults were prone to higher cancer risk than children. Using multiple pollution indices revealed that the sediments in Egbe, Ero, and Ureje dams were less contaminated by harmful metals in dry and wet periods. There is a need to reduce current polluting anthropogenic activities around the dams.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41634699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).16.23
Kirankere Ananthapadmanabha Shyamsundar, D. Rathnamma, B. M. Chandranaik, B. P. Shivashankar, R. Sharada, S. Isloor, K. Suresh, SATYAJEET SANJAY PATIL
Members of Artiodactyla can contract the infectious disease Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), which has a wide range of symptoms. Ten known viruses contribute to the disease, the two most significant ones being Ovine gamma herpes virus 2 (OvHV-2) and Alcelaphine gamma herpes virus 1 (AIHV-1). In the African subcontinent, AIHV-1 is seen in most MCF cases. In the Indian scenario, Ovine gamma herpes virus-2 is the main culprit. MCF is reported in certain pockets of India. Its threat to wildlife is not yet completely understood. In AIHV-1, wildebeests serve as the primary MCF reservoir, whereas with OvHV-2, the primary MCF reservoir is sheep. In India, OvHV-2 causes MCF in deer species, bison, and water buffaloe. The life cycle and properties of this virus are not yet wholly deciphered. To understand the impact of the disease and the threat it may pose in the future, we need to have diagnostic techniques in place. Currently, PCR is the most commonly used diagnostic technique. Work should be done on field-oriented tests like ELISA and LFA, which are helpful in areas without sophisticated lab facilities. Treatment protocols must be in place, as culling bovines is not an accepted policy in India. Probable plans for overcoming all these problems are discussed in this article.
{"title":"Sheep Associated-Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Past, present, and future","authors":"Kirankere Ananthapadmanabha Shyamsundar, D. Rathnamma, B. M. Chandranaik, B. P. Shivashankar, R. Sharada, S. Isloor, K. Suresh, SATYAJEET SANJAY PATIL","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).16.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).16.23","url":null,"abstract":"Members of Artiodactyla can contract the infectious disease Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), which has a wide range of symptoms. Ten known viruses contribute to the disease, the two most significant ones being Ovine gamma herpes virus 2 (OvHV-2) and Alcelaphine gamma herpes virus 1 (AIHV-1). In the African subcontinent, AIHV-1 is seen in most MCF cases. In the Indian scenario, Ovine gamma herpes virus-2 is the main culprit. MCF is reported in certain pockets of India. Its threat to wildlife is not yet completely understood. In AIHV-1, wildebeests serve as the primary MCF reservoir, whereas with OvHV-2, the primary MCF reservoir is sheep. In India, OvHV-2 causes MCF in deer species, bison, and water buffaloe. The life cycle and properties of this virus are not yet wholly deciphered. To understand the impact of the disease and the threat it may pose in the future, we need to have diagnostic techniques in place. Currently, PCR is the most commonly used diagnostic technique. Work should be done on field-oriented tests like ELISA and LFA, which are helpful in areas without sophisticated lab facilities. Treatment protocols must be in place, as culling bovines is not an accepted policy in India. Probable plans for overcoming all these problems are discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43309056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).171.178
Maisa A W Shammout, Khaldoun Shatanawi, Mahmoud M. Abualhaija
This study was carried out to investigate the influence of population growth on supply, demand, and quality issues of water resources in the Yarmouk River Basin in Jordan for twenty years. The population growth data for the years 1997 and 2017 was derived from four Jordan governorates, i.e., Mafraq, Irbid, Jerash, and Ajloun, as well as for the population of the Yarmouk Basin was calculated, where a part of the population of these governorates resides within Basin. The water supply and the number of wells were also determined during this study. Various physicochemical parameters of water, like pH, EC, TDS, DO, NO2, and NO3, were also evaluated. Water supply, demand, and quality issues were also identified in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The study showed an increase in the Kingdom's population in four governorates from about 1.27 to 2.88 million inhabitants, while the population of four governorates in the Yarmouk Basin increased from about 639,992 to 1.53 million inhabitants, and it is more than doubling. Comparing the population with the water supply, the numbers of wells and their uses showed significant changes, as evidenced by the substantial increase in the water supply. The studied physiochemical parameters were within the permissible limits of the National Standards. The critical water issues reported in the study area are difficulties in law enforcement and rapid population growth, which interactively affect the water supply. The study's findings will assist decision-makers in managing future water supplies as they face challenges in securing additional water, and there is an urgent need for research and future scenarios to meet water needs.
{"title":"Influence of Population Growth on Supply, Demand, and Quality Issues of Water Resources in the Yarmouk River Basin in Jordan","authors":"Maisa A W Shammout, Khaldoun Shatanawi, Mahmoud M. Abualhaija","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).171.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).171.178","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the influence of population growth on supply, demand, and quality issues of water resources in the Yarmouk River Basin in Jordan for twenty years. The population growth data for the years 1997 and 2017 was derived from four Jordan governorates, i.e., Mafraq, Irbid, Jerash, and Ajloun, as well as for the population of the Yarmouk Basin was calculated, where a part of the population of these governorates resides within Basin. The water supply and the number of wells were also determined during this study. Various physicochemical parameters of water, like pH, EC, TDS, DO, NO2, and NO3, were also evaluated. Water supply, demand, and quality issues were also identified in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The study showed an increase in the Kingdom's population in four governorates from about 1.27 to 2.88 million inhabitants, while the population of four governorates in the Yarmouk Basin increased from about 639,992 to 1.53 million inhabitants, and it is more than doubling. Comparing the population with the water supply, the numbers of wells and their uses showed significant changes, as evidenced by the substantial increase in the water supply. The studied physiochemical parameters were within the permissible limits of the National Standards. The critical water issues reported in the study area are difficulties in law enforcement and rapid population growth, which interactively affect the water supply. The study's findings will assist decision-makers in managing future water supplies as they face challenges in securing additional water, and there is an urgent need for research and future scenarios to meet water needs.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49608481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).41.53
M. Gururani
Abiotic stress has a major effect on global crop production. Hence, plants have evolved and developed several response mechanisms to survive and grow under abiotic stresses. Plant cells can sense and respond to changes in different environmental stresses due to the specific modifications observed in gene expression, metabolism, and physiology. Only a few recognized sensors have been found due to the difficulty of functional redundancy in genes that code for sensor proteins. A defect in one gene causes no remarkable phenotypic changes in stress responses. Recent research has identified crucial RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) important for stimulus-specific responses. RBPs play a crucial part in plants’ growth and development, post-transcriptional gene regulation, and RNA metabolism induced during stress responses. Among the currently identified over 200 different RBPs, the majority of which are plant-specific and carry out plant-specific functions. As an essential component of plants’ adaptive process in different environmental conditions, RBPs regulate the following processes: RNA stability, RNA export, pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, and chromatin modification. Plants have also developed different defense responses or molecular mechanisms to combat stress via genotypic and phenotypic expressions. With a unique understanding of RBPs in other organisms, RBPs functions in a plant are still limited. Hence, this review discusses the latest developments in RBPs function during the development and growth of plants, primarily under abiotic stress circumstances.
{"title":"Plant RNA-binding proteins as key players in abiotic stress physiology","authors":"M. Gururani","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).41.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).41.53","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stress has a major effect on global crop production. Hence, plants have evolved and developed several response mechanisms to survive and grow under abiotic stresses. Plant cells can sense and respond to changes in different environmental stresses due to the specific modifications observed in gene expression, metabolism, and physiology. Only a few recognized sensors have been found due to the difficulty of functional redundancy in genes that code for sensor proteins. A defect in one gene causes no remarkable phenotypic changes in stress responses. Recent research has identified crucial RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) important for stimulus-specific responses. RBPs play a crucial part in plants’ growth and development, post-transcriptional gene regulation, and RNA metabolism induced during stress responses. Among the currently identified over 200 different RBPs, the majority of which are plant-specific and carry out plant-specific functions. As an essential component of plants’ adaptive process in different environmental conditions, RBPs regulate the following processes: RNA stability, RNA export, pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, and chromatin modification. Plants have also developed different defense responses or molecular mechanisms to combat stress via genotypic and phenotypic expressions. With a unique understanding of RBPs in other organisms, RBPs functions in a plant are still limited. Hence, this review discusses the latest developments in RBPs function during the development and growth of plants, primarily under abiotic stress circumstances.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48601737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).24.40
N. Alsubhi
Breast carcinoma is a common illness among females. Various therapies, including hormone therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatment, have been available to treat existing breast cancer. These therapies can potentially halt the development and spread of cancer, especially if the disease is at an early stage, but all these treatments have various adverse effects on human health. Cancer cells proliferate more rapidly than most normal cells, so chemotherapy is the most suitable treatment. Certain medications can cease dividing cells by destroying the cell's control center region. Other drugs can inhibit the chemical processes essential for cell division. On the contrary, because cancer is frequently identified at a late phase, treating the disease is extraordinarily challenging. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid this fatal condition from occurring. Multiple studies have revealed a continuous inverse connection between cancer and natural materials, such as plant extracts, their fractions, and active principles. These bioactive phytochemicals' have synergistic or cumulative effects in the treatment of cancer disease. This review article examined the effect of various extracts/fractions/active principles obtained from diverse plant origins against breast cancer disease. Information regarding the most commonly used plants, including Alpina galaga, Urtica dioica, Annona muricata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ficus carica, Nigella sativa, Murraya koenigii, and Urtica dioica have been presented in this study. Owing to the information in this study, these plants exhibited anticancer activities in preclinical MCF-7 carcinoma models by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing programmed cell death, and triggering cell-cycle arrest. The information generated from this review will significantly contribute to developing knowledge of the scientific and medical communities in developing innovative breast cancer treatments.
{"title":"The use of medicinal plants for combating breast cancer: A comprehensive review","authors":"N. Alsubhi","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).24.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).24.40","url":null,"abstract":"Breast carcinoma is a common illness among females. Various therapies, including hormone therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted treatment, have been available to treat existing breast cancer. These therapies can potentially halt the development and spread of cancer, especially if the disease is at an early stage, but all these treatments have various adverse effects on human health. Cancer cells proliferate more rapidly than most normal cells, so chemotherapy is the most suitable treatment. Certain medications can cease dividing cells by destroying the cell's control center region. Other drugs can inhibit the chemical processes essential for cell division. On the contrary, because cancer is frequently identified at a late phase, treating the disease is extraordinarily challenging. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid this fatal condition from occurring. Multiple studies have revealed a continuous inverse connection between cancer and natural materials, such as plant extracts, their fractions, and active principles. These bioactive phytochemicals' have synergistic or cumulative effects in the treatment of cancer disease. This review article examined the effect of various extracts/fractions/active principles obtained from diverse plant origins against breast cancer disease. Information regarding the most commonly used plants, including Alpina galaga, Urtica dioica, Annona muricata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ficus carica, Nigella sativa, Murraya koenigii, and Urtica dioica have been presented in this study. Owing to the information in this study, these plants exhibited anticancer activities in preclinical MCF-7 carcinoma models by decreasing cell proliferation, inducing programmed cell death, and triggering cell-cycle arrest. The information generated from this review will significantly contribute to developing knowledge of the scientific and medical communities in developing innovative breast cancer treatments.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).105.118
M. A. Calubaquib, E. Delfin, F. Merca, L. Villegas, A. F. Cruz, E. Paterno
This research focused on the screening of indigenous microorganisms isolated from banana soils for their capability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) extracellularly. Ninety-five isolates were screened for AgNP production. The cell-free extracts of these isolates were added to silver nitrate (AgNO3) aqueous solution and were observed for color changes from original pale yellow to dark brown. Ten isolates (3 bacteria and 7 fungi) were found capable of producing AgNPs. Bacterial isolates B2, B3, and B5 were molecularly identified as Bacillus aryabhattai, Priestia megaterium, and B. megaterium, respectively. The AgNPs produced by these bacterial isolates were circular and showed an absorbance peak at approximately 420 nm. On the other hand, the fungal isolates F2, F3, and F43 were molecularly identified as Penicilliumcitrinum, P. glaucoroseum, and P. oxalicum. The AgNPs produced by the Penicillium spp were aggregated, circular and showed absorbance peaks at 420 nm. The other four fungal isolates, F7, F24, F29, and F40, were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, and A. japonicum (F29 and F40), respectively. The AgNPs produced by the Aspergillus spp. were circular and showed absorbance peaks between 420 nm and 450 nm. The continuous search for novel isolates that can carry out the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs remains the focus of nanotechnological research. This study confirms microorganisms of Bacillus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus genera can effectively biosynthesize AgNPs.
{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Produced by Indigenous Microorganisms Isolated from Banana (Musa spp) Soils","authors":"M. A. Calubaquib, E. Delfin, F. Merca, L. Villegas, A. F. Cruz, E. Paterno","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).105.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).105.118","url":null,"abstract":"This research focused on the screening of indigenous microorganisms isolated from banana soils for their capability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) extracellularly. Ninety-five isolates were screened for AgNP production. The cell-free extracts of these isolates were added to silver nitrate (AgNO3) aqueous solution and were observed for color changes from original pale yellow to dark brown. Ten isolates (3 bacteria and 7 fungi) were found capable of producing AgNPs. Bacterial isolates B2, B3, and B5 were molecularly identified as Bacillus aryabhattai, Priestia megaterium, and B. megaterium, respectively. The AgNPs produced by these bacterial isolates were circular and showed an absorbance peak at approximately 420 nm. On the other hand, the fungal isolates F2, F3, and F43 were molecularly identified as Penicilliumcitrinum, P. glaucoroseum, and P. oxalicum. The AgNPs produced by the Penicillium spp were aggregated, circular and showed absorbance peaks at 420 nm. The other four fungal isolates, F7, F24, F29, and F40, were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, and A. japonicum (F29 and F40), respectively. The AgNPs produced by the Aspergillus spp. were circular and showed absorbance peaks between 420 nm and 450 nm. The continuous search for novel isolates that can carry out the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs remains the focus of nanotechnological research. This study confirms microorganisms of Bacillus, Penicillium, and Aspergillus genera can effectively biosynthesize AgNPs.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45190619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(1).97.104
Anjali, N. Joshi
Humans have been dependent on nature for various vital supplies and resources for a long time. Most biotechnological and pharmacological industries use chemicals and active compounds to treat diseases or make medications isolated from natural resources. A variety of plants have been explored for research of which Vitex negundo and Ficus carica are also examples as they are strong candidates for their potential antioxidant properties. In the current research, the anti-oxidant activities of V. negundo and F. carica leaf extracts were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of selected plants were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assay. The results obtained from the DPPH assay indicated that methanolic extracts of V. negundo showed the highest inhibition of 90.07±1.17 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 415.98 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (64.05±0.89 and 54.39±0.99 percent, respectively) with IC50 value of 751.96 µg/ml and 896.55 µg/ml when compared to F. carica extracts which showed highest inhibition of 75.75±1.08 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 475 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (51.94±0.79 and 44.21±0.60 percent respectively) with IC50 value of 967.51 µg/ml and 1092.48 µg/ml. On comparing both plants, FRAP results indicated that methanol extracts of V. negundo showed the highest FRAP value (1042.1±0.98 µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 996.6±1.25 µM and 949.6±1.63 µM at 1000 µl whereas F. carica showed highest FRAP value (995.6±1.35µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 987.6±1.05µM and 447.6±1.01µM at 1000 µl. The results of the study can be concluded that among the tested extracts, the best antioxidant potential was exhibited with V. negundo leaf extracts, especially in methanol extracts.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of Vitex negundo and Ficus carica leaf extracts","authors":"Anjali, N. Joshi","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(1).97.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(1).97.104","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have been dependent on nature for various vital supplies and resources for a long time. Most biotechnological and pharmacological industries use chemicals and active compounds to treat diseases or make medications isolated from natural resources. A variety of plants have been explored for research of which Vitex negundo and Ficus carica are also examples as they are strong candidates for their potential antioxidant properties. In the current research, the anti-oxidant activities of V. negundo and F. carica leaf extracts were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of selected plants were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assay. The results obtained from the DPPH assay indicated that methanolic extracts of V. negundo showed the highest inhibition of 90.07±1.17 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 415.98 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (64.05±0.89 and 54.39±0.99 percent, respectively) with IC50 value of 751.96 µg/ml and 896.55 µg/ml when compared to F. carica extracts which showed highest inhibition of 75.75±1.08 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 475 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (51.94±0.79 and 44.21±0.60 percent respectively) with IC50 value of 967.51 µg/ml and 1092.48 µg/ml. On comparing both plants, FRAP results indicated that methanol extracts of V. negundo showed the highest FRAP value (1042.1±0.98 µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 996.6±1.25 µM and 949.6±1.63 µM at 1000 µl whereas F. carica showed highest FRAP value (995.6±1.35µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 987.6±1.05µM and 447.6±1.01µM at 1000 µl. The results of the study can be concluded that among the tested extracts, the best antioxidant potential was exhibited with V. negundo leaf extracts, especially in methanol extracts.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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