Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(3).550.562
Antoine Barro, B. J. Batieno, Joseph Nanama, ZinmanKé Coulibaly, M. Sawadogo
Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the neglected legumes in Burkina Faso, and as a result, its genetic diversity remains poorly known. The main aim of this study was to know its genetic variability through an agro-morphological characterization. Twenty vegetable cowpea varieties were evaluated at the Kamboinsé Environmental, Agricultural and Training Research Center following a three-replication Fischer block design under rainfed conditions. Fifteen quantitative and nine qualitative variables were collected and subjected to various statistical analyses. Analysis of variance was significant for the variables 50% flowering, vegetable cowpea date, number of pods obtained per plant, number of seeds per pod, fresh pod weight, fresh pod yield, pod length, plant height, seed length and chlorophyll content. Strong correlations were also reported between the various variables. The observed diversity is structured in three morphological groups viz., Group 1 consists of individuals with early flowering, high chlorophyll content and the number of pods obtained per plant. Group 2 brings together the varieties of average agronomic performance for pod length, the number of pods per plant, number of days at 95% maturity, fresh pod weight, yield of fresh pods and group 3 of varieties with long pods, early green date, high pod weight and good fresh pod yield. Among the tested varieties, the varieties IT83S-872 (30 pods), IT84S-2246 (27 pods), Baguette (25 pods), IT83S-818 (26 pods), and IT85F-2682 (24 pods) stood out for their high pod production. In addition, the varieties of vegetable cowpea baguette, baguette grimpant, Telma, and IT83S-911 showed the best performance in terms of early vegetable cowpea date stage, longest pods, highest pod weight and best yield of fresh pods. The high genetic variability level within the tested varieties could be exploited in future green cowpea breeding programmes.
{"title":"Agro-morphological characterization of selected varieties of vegetable cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in Burkina Faso","authors":"Antoine Barro, B. J. Batieno, Joseph Nanama, ZinmanKé Coulibaly, M. Sawadogo","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(3).550.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(3).550.562","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the neglected legumes in Burkina Faso, and as a result, its genetic diversity remains poorly known. The main aim of this study was to know its genetic variability through an agro-morphological characterization. Twenty vegetable cowpea varieties were evaluated at the Kamboinsé Environmental, Agricultural and Training Research Center following a three-replication Fischer block design under rainfed conditions. Fifteen quantitative and nine qualitative variables were collected and subjected to various statistical analyses. Analysis of variance was significant for the variables 50% flowering, vegetable cowpea date, number of pods obtained per plant, number of seeds per pod, fresh pod weight, fresh pod yield, pod length, plant height, seed length and chlorophyll content. Strong correlations were also reported between the various variables. The observed diversity is structured in three morphological groups viz., Group 1 consists of individuals with early flowering, high chlorophyll content and the number of pods obtained per plant. Group 2 brings together the varieties of average agronomic performance for pod length, the number of pods per plant, number of days at 95% maturity, fresh pod weight, yield of fresh pods and group 3 of varieties with long pods, early green date, high pod weight and good fresh pod yield. Among the tested varieties, the varieties IT83S-872 (30 pods), IT84S-2246 (27 pods), Baguette (25 pods), IT83S-818 (26 pods), and IT85F-2682 (24 pods) stood out for their high pod production. In addition, the varieties of vegetable cowpea baguette, baguette grimpant, Telma, and IT83S-911 showed the best performance in terms of early vegetable cowpea date stage, longest pods, highest pod weight and best yield of fresh pods. The high genetic variability level within the tested varieties could be exploited in future green cowpea breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).380.393
Md Sohel Ahmed, Israt Jahan Khan, S. Aman, S. Chauhan, N. Kaur, Shalini Shriwastav, Kirti Goel, Monika Saini, Sanchit Dhankar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, J. Dev, S. Mujwar
Euphorbia milii Des Moul is a deciduous bush indigenous to Madagascar. The present study aims to investigate the presence of the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potency, and in-silico computational analysis of ethanolic and aqueous preparations of E. milii leaves and flowers. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, H2O2, TAC, and FRAP assay. In addition, antimicrobial potentials were assayed by agar well diffusion technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans for various clinical isolates. The qualitative phytochemical analysis results confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. The quantitative analysis elicits the availability of a magnificent number of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, flavonols, and tannins. Among all the extracts, aqueous extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assay with the IC50 value of 30.70, 60.05, and 82.92µg/mL, respectively. In agar well diffusion assay, all extracts displayed zone of inhibition varies from 2-24mm at different concentrations ranging from 10-320 mg/mL, whereas no activity was observed against Candida albicans. Furthermore, docking-based computational analysis has revealed that beta-sitosterol and taraxerol are the plant's active constituents responsible for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Research findings suggest that the E. milii plant has an excellent prospect for further study for its extended antioxidative and antimicrobial potential. It could be a natural source of various ailments and can be utilized to develop new drugs.
{"title":"Phytochemical investigations, in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial potential, and in-silico computational docking analysis of Euphorbia milii Des Moul","authors":"Md Sohel Ahmed, Israt Jahan Khan, S. Aman, S. Chauhan, N. Kaur, Shalini Shriwastav, Kirti Goel, Monika Saini, Sanchit Dhankar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, J. Dev, S. Mujwar","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).380.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).380.393","url":null,"abstract":"Euphorbia milii Des Moul is a deciduous bush indigenous to Madagascar. The present study aims to investigate the presence of the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potency, and in-silico computational analysis of ethanolic and aqueous preparations of E. milii leaves and flowers. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were tested for in-vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH, H2O2, TAC, and FRAP assay. In addition, antimicrobial potentials were assayed by agar well diffusion technique against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans for various clinical isolates. The qualitative phytochemical analysis results confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. The quantitative analysis elicits the availability of a magnificent number of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, flavonols, and tannins. Among all the extracts, aqueous extracts of leaves exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assay with the IC50 value of 30.70, 60.05, and 82.92µg/mL, respectively. In agar well diffusion assay, all extracts displayed zone of inhibition varies from 2-24mm at different concentrations ranging from 10-320 mg/mL, whereas no activity was observed against Candida albicans. Furthermore, docking-based computational analysis has revealed that beta-sitosterol and taraxerol are the plant's active constituents responsible for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Research findings suggest that the E. milii plant has an excellent prospect for further study for its extended antioxidative and antimicrobial potential. It could be a natural source of various ailments and can be utilized to develop new drugs.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).297.305
K. Bhosale, B. Shinde
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a highly-grown spice crop; its aromatic rhizomes are commercially important due to its high importance in the diet as a spice and some medicinal values. Irrigation methods in India increase salt content in the soil. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi assist plants under salt stress. However, the vital role of mycorrhizal fungi in ginger salt tolerance has not been evaluated yet and needs to emphasize on its evaluation. The present investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of AM fungi on ginger plants grown under different salt concentrations. In the current investigation level of Chlorophyll, nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, Proteins, Proline, reducing sugars, and total soluble carbohydrates contents have been evaluated to estimate the Growth and biochemical parameters. The study revealed that AM fungi significantly contributed to the salt stress tolerance of Ginger plants. Statistical analysis found an enormously significant correlation between growth parameters and salt tolerance. Pearson correlation coefficient has been used as testimony, resulting in a positive correlation of the use of AM fungi on ginger plant's Growth and biochemical contents.
{"title":"Effect of AM fungi during salt stress on biochemical content in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)","authors":"K. Bhosale, B. Shinde","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).297.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).297.305","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a highly-grown spice crop; its aromatic rhizomes are commercially important due to its high importance in the diet as a spice and some medicinal values. Irrigation methods in India increase salt content in the soil. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi assist plants under salt stress. However, the vital role of mycorrhizal fungi in ginger salt tolerance has not been evaluated yet and needs to emphasize on its evaluation. The present investigation was conducted to assess the efficacy of AM fungi on ginger plants grown under different salt concentrations. In the current investigation level of Chlorophyll, nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, Proteins, Proline, reducing sugars, and total soluble carbohydrates contents have been evaluated to estimate the Growth and biochemical parameters. The study revealed that AM fungi significantly contributed to the salt stress tolerance of Ginger plants. Statistical analysis found an enormously significant correlation between growth parameters and salt tolerance. Pearson correlation coefficient has been used as testimony, resulting in a positive correlation of the use of AM fungi on ginger plant's Growth and biochemical contents.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45868592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).436.443
A. Deryugina, M. Ivashchenko, V. Metelin, D. A. Danilova, A. Polozova, M. Talamanova
Evaluation of the physiological state of cattle is crucial in creating healthy, high-performing dairy cattle herds. Technological stress is one of the most critical factors determining the biological potential of higher-yielding cows. This work aimed to assess the effect of technological stress on various oxidative parameters and mitochondrial states in dairy cows' blood, milk yield and milk composition. The study was conducted on the black-and-white breed of healthy herds. Regrouping, changing service personnel, and carrying out veterinary and sanitary manipulations were considered technological stress factors. The concentration of cortisol in the blood serum was studied by the immunological method. The concentrations of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (D.C.), Schiff bases (S.B.), reduced glutathione and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically. The mitochondrial state was estimated by laser interference microscopy. While the milk yield, protein and lipid composition of cow milk were studied using an ultrasound analyzer. The researched indicators were analyzed before and for 30 days after the effect of technological stress. Results of the study suggested that technological stress caused an increase in oxidative processes, along with a reduction of antioxidant activity of blood and milk at the initial stages of registration (1-7 days). The concentration of glutathione remained reduced for 30 days after technological stress. A decrease in mitochondrial refractoriness and disintegration accompanied these processes. The milk yield indicator decreased was not restored to the values of intact animals by 30 days after technological stress. Further, the protein and lipid composition also reduced. Thus, a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk under technological stress may be mediated by the development of oxidative stress, which the refractoriness and disintegration of mitochondria might trigger.
{"title":"Effects of lipoperoxidation and mitochondrial state on milk yield of dairy cows under technological stress","authors":"A. Deryugina, M. Ivashchenko, V. Metelin, D. A. Danilova, A. Polozova, M. Talamanova","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).436.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).436.443","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of the physiological state of cattle is crucial in creating healthy, high-performing dairy cattle herds. Technological stress is one of the most critical factors determining the biological potential of higher-yielding cows. This work aimed to assess the effect of technological stress on various oxidative parameters and mitochondrial states in dairy cows' blood, milk yield and milk composition. The study was conducted on the black-and-white breed of healthy herds. Regrouping, changing service personnel, and carrying out veterinary and sanitary manipulations were considered technological stress factors. The concentration of cortisol in the blood serum was studied by the immunological method. The concentrations of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (D.C.), Schiff bases (S.B.), reduced glutathione and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically. The mitochondrial state was estimated by laser interference microscopy. While the milk yield, protein and lipid composition of cow milk were studied using an ultrasound analyzer. The researched indicators were analyzed before and for 30 days after the effect of technological stress. Results of the study suggested that technological stress caused an increase in oxidative processes, along with a reduction of antioxidant activity of blood and milk at the initial stages of registration (1-7 days). The concentration of glutathione remained reduced for 30 days after technological stress. A decrease in mitochondrial refractoriness and disintegration accompanied these processes. The milk yield indicator decreased was not restored to the values of intact animals by 30 days after technological stress. Further, the protein and lipid composition also reduced. Thus, a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk under technological stress may be mediated by the development of oxidative stress, which the refractoriness and disintegration of mitochondria might trigger.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42088376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).316.324
A. H. Gondal, F. O. Areche, L. Sumarriva-Bustinza, N. L. Chávez-Sumarriva, Nelly Olga Zela-Payi, J. M. More López, J. Y. Saldarriaga, Bertila Liduvina García-Díaz, M. S. Porras-Roque, Jose Carlos Ayuque-Rojas, Salomón Vivanco Aguilar, David Ruiz Vílchez, R. Yaulilahua-Huacho, R. J. Malpartida Yapias, A. Jabbar
The ideal growth and development of linseed plants depend on receiving the necessary nutrients during the growing season when they are grown. Flax's yield and oil content increase using a foliar spray containing micronutrients. This study aimed to determine how foliar iron (Fe) treatment affected flax yield and its constituents. The experiment was set up at the adoptive research farm Sargodha in a randomized block design and three replicates. At the capsule filling stages and bud initiation of the flax crop, foliar sprays with varying concentrations of Fe (5.5%, 4.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, 1.5%) and without Fe (control) were administered. Sulphate of iron (Fe) was used as the source of Fe. All treatments resulted in notable enhancements in agronomic characteristics such as grain oil contents, harvest index, biological yield, number of capsule formations, technical stem length, plant height, as well as physiological parameters including fluorescence yield (Ft), quantum yield (YII), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), electron transport rate (ETR), and chlorophyll contents. The results of this study suggested that the application of 3.5% to flax during the bud initiation and capsule filling stages increases the seed yield, yield attributes, and oil contents. In conclusion, foliar spray of Fe could enhance the yield of linseed crops.
{"title":"Usage of iron foliar spray in enhancing the growth and yield of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L)","authors":"A. H. Gondal, F. O. Areche, L. Sumarriva-Bustinza, N. L. Chávez-Sumarriva, Nelly Olga Zela-Payi, J. M. More López, J. Y. Saldarriaga, Bertila Liduvina García-Díaz, M. S. Porras-Roque, Jose Carlos Ayuque-Rojas, Salomón Vivanco Aguilar, David Ruiz Vílchez, R. Yaulilahua-Huacho, R. J. Malpartida Yapias, A. Jabbar","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).316.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).316.324","url":null,"abstract":"The ideal growth and development of linseed plants depend on receiving the necessary nutrients during the growing season when they are grown. Flax's yield and oil content increase using a foliar spray containing micronutrients. This study aimed to determine how foliar iron (Fe) treatment affected flax yield and its constituents. The experiment was set up at the adoptive research farm Sargodha in a randomized block design and three replicates. At the capsule filling stages and bud initiation of the flax crop, foliar sprays with varying concentrations of Fe (5.5%, 4.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, 1.5%) and without Fe (control) were administered. Sulphate of iron (Fe) was used as the source of Fe. All treatments resulted in notable enhancements in agronomic characteristics such as grain oil contents, harvest index, biological yield, number of capsule formations, technical stem length, plant height, as well as physiological parameters including fluorescence yield (Ft), quantum yield (YII), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), electron transport rate (ETR), and chlorophyll contents. The results of this study suggested that the application of 3.5% to flax during the bud initiation and capsule filling stages increases the seed yield, yield attributes, and oil contents. In conclusion, foliar spray of Fe could enhance the yield of linseed crops.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45815439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).371.379
Aml O. Alhadad, Galal S. Salem, Suliman M. Hussein, Sarah M. Elshareef
In ancient times, botanical extracts were essential complementary method for microbial control. This study has been carried out to assess the antibacterial activities of methanol, acetone, and aqueous leaf extracts of Libyan Juniperus phoenicea L. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using the agar well diffusion method. Based on the inhibition zone's diameter or appearance, the tested MDR bacteria were identified as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant using the standard criteria. The current study's findings showed that the concentration, type of solvent and bacterial species had a significant impact on the effectiveness of the plant extracts. Results of the study revealed that the methanol and acetone extracts demonstrated moderate to excellent antibacterial properties against all tested bacteria at all predefined concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%), with the zone of inhibition ranging from 15.66 to 27.66 mm. Among the tested solvents, the aqueous extract of J. phoenicea was the least effective against the clinical bacterial isolates. Further, the plant's leaf extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Most importantly, neither the aqueous extract nor the standard antibiotics inhibited P. aeruginosa, while the methanol and acetone extracts displayed remarkable inhibition zones against all tested bacteria. Consequently, the plant extracts (acetone and methanol) in this study may provide insightful information about the potential use of J. phoenicea leaves as a natural antibacterial agent, which could be used to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Libyan Juniperus phoenicea L. leaves extracts against common nosocomial pathogens","authors":"Aml O. Alhadad, Galal S. Salem, Suliman M. Hussein, Sarah M. Elshareef","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).371.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).371.379","url":null,"abstract":"In ancient times, botanical extracts were essential complementary method for microbial control. This study has been carried out to assess the antibacterial activities of methanol, acetone, and aqueous leaf extracts of Libyan Juniperus phoenicea L. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, S. haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis) using the agar well diffusion method. Based on the inhibition zone's diameter or appearance, the tested MDR bacteria were identified as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant using the standard criteria. The current study's findings showed that the concentration, type of solvent and bacterial species had a significant impact on the effectiveness of the plant extracts. Results of the study revealed that the methanol and acetone extracts demonstrated moderate to excellent antibacterial properties against all tested bacteria at all predefined concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%), with the zone of inhibition ranging from 15.66 to 27.66 mm. Among the tested solvents, the aqueous extract of J. phoenicea was the least effective against the clinical bacterial isolates. Further, the plant's leaf extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Most importantly, neither the aqueous extract nor the standard antibiotics inhibited P. aeruginosa, while the methanol and acetone extracts displayed remarkable inhibition zones against all tested bacteria. Consequently, the plant extracts (acetone and methanol) in this study may provide insightful information about the potential use of J. phoenicea leaves as a natural antibacterial agent, which could be used to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49270434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).416.422
Manishaa Sri Mahendran, L. Wong, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, S. Djearamane
The increased release of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) into the aquatic ecosystem is caused by the augmented utilization of nanoparticles in personal care and household products. This has resulted in the contamination of marine, aquatic, and ground water resources, causing adverse impacts on the biota and flora, both in vivo and in vitro. The main purpose of this research was to examine the negative impacts of TiO2 NPs on the bioaccumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis. The interaction and buildup of TiO2 NPs on H. pluvialis were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The exposure of H. pluvialis to TiO2 NPs with increasing concentrations (5–100 μg/mL) and time intervals (24 h to 96 h) impacted the biomass concentration of the microalgae. The SEM images provided evidence of changes in characteristics and impairment of the exterior of exposed cells. The findings revealed that the exposure of H. pluvialis to TiO2 NPs resulted in a decline in biomass, which was dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure. The most severe adverse effects were observed after 96 hours of exposure, with a reduction of 43.29 ± 2.02% of biomass concentration. This study has demonstrated that TiO2 NPs harm H. pluvialis, as evidenced by the negative impact on algal biomass resulting from the binding and buildup of these particles on microalga H. pluvialis. To sum up, the decline in algal growth is caused by the accumulation and interaction of TiO2 NPs on microalgae scoring the adverse effects on the growth of H. pluvialis by TiO2 NPs. The findings of this study call for novel screening methods to detect and eliminate TiO2 NPs contamination in aquatic sources used for the cultivation of microalgae which may otherwise pose delirious effects to the consumers.
{"title":"The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Haematococcus pluvialis Biomass Concentration","authors":"Manishaa Sri Mahendran, L. Wong, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, S. Djearamane","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).416.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).416.422","url":null,"abstract":"The increased release of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) into the aquatic ecosystem is caused by the augmented utilization of nanoparticles in personal care and household products. This has resulted in the contamination of marine, aquatic, and ground water resources, causing adverse impacts on the biota and flora, both in vivo and in vitro. The main purpose of this research was to examine the negative impacts of TiO2 NPs on the bioaccumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis. The interaction and buildup of TiO2 NPs on H. pluvialis were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The exposure of H. pluvialis to TiO2 NPs with increasing concentrations (5–100 μg/mL) and time intervals (24 h to 96 h) impacted the biomass concentration of the microalgae. The SEM images provided evidence of changes in characteristics and impairment of the exterior of exposed cells. The findings revealed that the exposure of H. pluvialis to TiO2 NPs resulted in a decline in biomass, which was dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure. The most severe adverse effects were observed after 96 hours of exposure, with a reduction of 43.29 ± 2.02% of biomass concentration. This study has demonstrated that TiO2 NPs harm H. pluvialis, as evidenced by the negative impact on algal biomass resulting from the binding and buildup of these particles on microalga H. pluvialis. To sum up, the decline in algal growth is caused by the accumulation and interaction of TiO2 NPs on microalgae scoring the adverse effects on the growth of H. pluvialis by TiO2 NPs. The findings of this study call for novel screening methods to detect and eliminate TiO2 NPs contamination in aquatic sources used for the cultivation of microalgae which may otherwise pose delirious effects to the consumers.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67551875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).359.370
Nisha Kanwar, R. Thakur, R. Saran, A. Purohit
Birth control measures available are primarily for women which are hormonal supplements that are increasing cancer risks and reproductive health issues. Male contraceptive options are effective and available, i.e. barrier methods and vasectomy. Condoms are failure-prone and single-use, while a vasectomy is a permanent sterilization method done surgically, and reversion is not always successful and expensive. A promising oral male contraceptive drug candidate is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the contraceptive efficacy and antioxidant potential of various extracts of Leptadenia reticulata bark in male rats. To study the effects of various extracts (ethanolic and petroleum ether) of L. reticulata bark in male rats, oral administration at the dose level of 250 mg/kg body weight/ day was done for 60 days. Observations were made for body and organ weight, hematology, serum biochemical chemistry, testosterone and antioxidants, lipid profile, sperm parameters (density and motility) and histological changes (reproductive organs). As compared to control in treated groups (TP and bark petroleum ether extract), a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) was perceived in sperm motility and density, as well as reproductive organ weight, serum testosterone, and serum antioxidant parameters like SOD. Histological observations revealed arrest in spermatogenesis and reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, mature Leydig cells, secondary spermatogonia, and spermatids which caused a substantial increase in LPO and GSH. From the research findings, it can be concluded that bark petroleum ether extract of L. reticulata possesses contraceptive potential in male albino rats and can serve as a safe and reversible oral contraceptive for males.
{"title":"Contraceptive efficacy and antioxidant potential of Leptadenia reticulata bark extracts in male albino rats","authors":"Nisha Kanwar, R. Thakur, R. Saran, A. Purohit","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).359.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).359.370","url":null,"abstract":"Birth control measures available are primarily for women which are hormonal supplements that are increasing cancer risks and reproductive health issues. Male contraceptive options are effective and available, i.e. barrier methods and vasectomy. Condoms are failure-prone and single-use, while a vasectomy is a permanent sterilization method done surgically, and reversion is not always successful and expensive. A promising oral male contraceptive drug candidate is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the contraceptive efficacy and antioxidant potential of various extracts of Leptadenia reticulata bark in male rats. To study the effects of various extracts (ethanolic and petroleum ether) of L. reticulata bark in male rats, oral administration at the dose level of 250 mg/kg body weight/ day was done for 60 days. Observations were made for body and organ weight, hematology, serum biochemical chemistry, testosterone and antioxidants, lipid profile, sperm parameters (density and motility) and histological changes (reproductive organs). As compared to control in treated groups (TP and bark petroleum ether extract), a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) was perceived in sperm motility and density, as well as reproductive organ weight, serum testosterone, and serum antioxidant parameters like SOD. Histological observations revealed arrest in spermatogenesis and reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, mature Leydig cells, secondary spermatogonia, and spermatids which caused a substantial increase in LPO and GSH. From the research findings, it can be concluded that bark petroleum ether extract of L. reticulata possesses contraceptive potential in male albino rats and can serve as a safe and reversible oral contraceptive for males.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).226.235
Bhavna Vohra, S. Mittal
Diagnosis of lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, cancer, etc., by clinicians rely on images taken through various means like X-ray and MRI. Deep Learning (DL) paradigm has magnified growth in the medical image field in current years. With the advancement of DL, lung diseases in medical images can be efficiently identified and classified. For example, DL can detect lung cancer with an accuracy of 99.49% in supervised models and 95.3% in unsupervised models. The deep learning models can extract unattended features that can be effortlessly combined into the DL network architecture for better medical image examination of one or two lung diseases. In this review article, effective techniques are reviewed under the elementary DL models, viz. supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised Learning to represent the growth of DL in lung disease detection with lesser human intervention. Recent techniques are added to understand the paradigm shift and future research prospects. All three techniques used Computed Tomography (C.T.) images datasets till 2019, but after the pandemic period, chest radiographs (X-rays) datasets are more commonly used. X-rays help in the economically early detection of lung diseases that will save lives by providing early treatment. Each DL model focuses on identifying a few features of lung diseases. Researchers can explore the DL to automate the detection of more lung diseases through a standard system using datasets of X-ray images. Unsupervised DL has been extended from detection to prediction of lung diseases, which is a critical milestone to seek out the odds of lung sickness before it happens. Researchers can work on more prediction models identifying the severity stages of multiple lung diseases to reduce mortality rates and the associated cost. The review article aims to help researchers explore Deep Learning systems that can efficiently identify and predict lung diseases at enhanced accuracy.
{"title":"Deep Learning Paradigms for Existing and Imminent Lung Diseases Detection: A Review","authors":"Bhavna Vohra, S. Mittal","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).226.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).226.235","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis of lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, cancer, etc., by clinicians rely on images taken through various means like X-ray and MRI. Deep Learning (DL) paradigm has magnified growth in the medical image field in current years. With the advancement of DL, lung diseases in medical images can be efficiently identified and classified. For example, DL can detect lung cancer with an accuracy of 99.49% in supervised models and 95.3% in unsupervised models. The deep learning models can extract unattended features that can be effortlessly combined into the DL network architecture for better medical image examination of one or two lung diseases. In this review article, effective techniques are reviewed under the elementary DL models, viz. supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised Learning to represent the growth of DL in lung disease detection with lesser human intervention. Recent techniques are added to understand the paradigm shift and future research prospects. All three techniques used Computed Tomography (C.T.) images datasets till 2019, but after the pandemic period, chest radiographs (X-rays) datasets are more commonly used. X-rays help in the economically early detection of lung diseases that will save lives by providing early treatment. Each DL model focuses on identifying a few features of lung diseases. Researchers can explore the DL to automate the detection of more lung diseases through a standard system using datasets of X-ray images. Unsupervised DL has been extended from detection to prediction of lung diseases, which is a critical milestone to seek out the odds of lung sickness before it happens. Researchers can work on more prediction models identifying the severity stages of multiple lung diseases to reduce mortality rates and the associated cost. The review article aims to help researchers explore Deep Learning systems that can efficiently identify and predict lung diseases at enhanced accuracy.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44854675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(2).290.296
L. Loan, Quoc Ha Minh, Thuy Nguyen Minh, Nguyen Thanh Nhung, T. Xuan, V. X. Duong, K. H. Trung, L. Minh, T. Khanh, Tran Thi Thu Ha
"Cam" rice bran was considered a waste product from rice, which is rich in natural compounds and protein owing to its outstanding nutritional value. This study aimed to establish an optimization model for extracting protein from rice bran, with two responses: extraction yield (%) and protein content (%). The variable parameters included were pH (8.5-9.5), stirring time (3.5-4.5 h), and enzyme incubation temperature (85-95°C). The coefficient of determination for both models were above 0.95, indicating a high correlation between the actual and estimated values. The maximum extraction yield and protein content were achieved when the conditions were set at pH of 9.02, stirring time of 4.02 h, and extraction temperature of 90.6°C. Under these optimum conditions, the predicted protein extracted from rice bran was 43.03% (moisture <13.0%), with an extraction yield of 15.9%. The findings of this study suggested that this protocol can enhance the utilization of rice bran and might be employed on a large scale in the food industry to exploit the nutritional source.
{"title":"Optimization of protein extraction from \"Cam\" rice bran by response surface methodology","authors":"L. Loan, Quoc Ha Minh, Thuy Nguyen Minh, Nguyen Thanh Nhung, T. Xuan, V. X. Duong, K. H. Trung, L. Minh, T. Khanh, Tran Thi Thu Ha","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(2).290.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(2).290.296","url":null,"abstract":"\"Cam\" rice bran was considered a waste product from rice, which is rich in natural compounds and protein owing to its outstanding nutritional value. This study aimed to establish an optimization model for extracting protein from rice bran, with two responses: extraction yield (%) and protein content (%). The variable parameters included were pH (8.5-9.5), stirring time (3.5-4.5 h), and enzyme incubation temperature (85-95°C). The coefficient of determination for both models were above 0.95, indicating a high correlation between the actual and estimated values. The maximum extraction yield and protein content were achieved when the conditions were set at pH of 9.02, stirring time of 4.02 h, and extraction temperature of 90.6°C. Under these optimum conditions, the predicted protein extracted from rice bran was 43.03% (moisture <13.0%), with an extraction yield of 15.9%. The findings of this study suggested that this protocol can enhance the utilization of rice bran and might be employed on a large scale in the food industry to exploit the nutritional source.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46030695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：