Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(4).671.682
Beema Kumari, Ram Chandra
The environment is heavily populated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are dangerous to human health. Degradation and cleaning of PAH chemicals from water and soil regions are crucial due to their chemical and biological impacts and persistent nature. In this study, we found that a very efficient bacterial consortium A-LOBP-19A+LOP-9 (99.62%) for benzo[a]pyrene up to 1000ppm and B-LOP-9 +GWP-2 (93.8%) for pyrene up to 2000ppm concentration degradation and it was done in MSM medium with isolated bacterial strains and incubated at 37° C for 50 days and 30 days respectively. This consortium consisting of the Mycobacterium vaanbaalenii GWP-2 (ON715011), Staphylococcus aureus LOP-9(ON715121), and Stutzerimonas stutzeri (LOBP-19A) OP389146, and these have capabilities of mentioned PAHs. The HPLC analysis suggested that both benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene degraded through peaks by both consortia. Degraded metabolites were identified by GC-MS and reported the presence of Phthalic acid, Naphthalene, 1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid, Butoxyacetic acid, Benzeneacetic acid and benzo [a]pyrene-1,6-dione. Thus, the study demonstrated efficient bacterial community enhancement for PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene) decomposition, and these can be further explored for the cleanup of hydrocarbons pollution.
{"title":"Development of the bacterial consortia for the degradation of benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene from hydrocarbons waste","authors":"Beema Kumari, Ram Chandra","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).671.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).671.682","url":null,"abstract":"The environment is heavily populated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are dangerous to human health. Degradation and cleaning of PAH chemicals from water and soil regions are crucial due to their chemical and biological impacts and persistent nature. In this study, we found that a very efficient bacterial consortium A-LOBP-19A+LOP-9 (99.62%) for benzo[a]pyrene up to 1000ppm and B-LOP-9 +GWP-2 (93.8%) for pyrene up to 2000ppm concentration degradation and it was done in MSM medium with isolated bacterial strains and incubated at 37° C for 50 days and 30 days respectively. This consortium consisting of the Mycobacterium vaanbaalenii GWP-2 (ON715011), Staphylococcus aureus LOP-9(ON715121), and Stutzerimonas stutzeri (LOBP-19A) OP389146, and these have capabilities of mentioned PAHs. The HPLC analysis suggested that both benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene degraded through peaks by both consortia. Degraded metabolites were identified by GC-MS and reported the presence of Phthalic acid, Naphthalene, 1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid, Butoxyacetic acid, Benzeneacetic acid and benzo [a]pyrene-1,6-dione. Thus, the study demonstrated efficient bacterial community enhancement for PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene) decomposition, and these can be further explored for the cleanup of hydrocarbons pollution.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(4).683.695
Rishikesh S. Dalvi, Asim K. Pal, Dipesh Debnath
Differential expression of isozymes enables fish to tolerate temperature fluctuations in their environment. The present study explores the modulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (sMDH) isozyme expression in the heart, muscle, brain, liver, gill, and kidney of juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma after 30 days of acclimation at 26, 31, 33, and 36°C. LDH and sMDH zymography were performed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The zymography revealed five distinct bands of LDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as LDH-A4, LDH-A3B1, LDH-A2B2, LDH-A1B3, and LDH-B4) and three distinct bands of sMDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as sMDH-A2, sMDH-AB, and sMDH-B2), with considerable variation in their expression in the tissues. Acclimation to the test temperatures did not influence the expression patterns of LDH or sMDH isozymes. Densitometric analysis of individual isozyme bands revealed a reduction in the densities of bands containing the LDH-B and sMDH-B molecules, while the densities of bands containing the LDH-A and sMDH-A molecules increased in the gills and muscle, indicating the role of these organs in adaptive responses to thermal acclimation. However, the total densities of the LDH and sMDH isozymes increased with higher acclimation temperatures, indicating that adaptation to increased temperatures in H. brachysoma is primarily characterised by quantitative changes in isozyme expression.
{"title":"Acclimation to warm temperatures modulates lactate and malate dehydrogenase isozymes in juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther)","authors":"Rishikesh S. Dalvi, Asim K. Pal, Dipesh Debnath","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).683.695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).683.695","url":null,"abstract":"Differential expression of isozymes enables fish to tolerate temperature fluctuations in their environment. The present study explores the modulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (sMDH) isozyme expression in the heart, muscle, brain, liver, gill, and kidney of juvenile Horabagrus brachysoma after 30 days of acclimation at 26, 31, 33, and 36°C. LDH and sMDH zymography were performed using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The zymography revealed five distinct bands of LDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as LDH-A4, LDH-A3B1, LDH-A2B2, LDH-A1B3, and LDH-B4) and three distinct bands of sMDH isoenzymes (labelled from cathode to anode as sMDH-A2, sMDH-AB, and sMDH-B2), with considerable variation in their expression in the tissues. Acclimation to the test temperatures did not influence the expression patterns of LDH or sMDH isozymes. Densitometric analysis of individual isozyme bands revealed a reduction in the densities of bands containing the LDH-B and sMDH-B molecules, while the densities of bands containing the LDH-A and sMDH-A molecules increased in the gills and muscle, indicating the role of these organs in adaptive responses to thermal acclimation. However, the total densities of the LDH and sMDH isozymes increased with higher acclimation temperatures, indicating that adaptation to increased temperatures in H. brachysoma is primarily characterised by quantitative changes in isozyme expression.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are crucial in maintaining the balance between blood clotting. Platelet hyperactivity and oxidative stress are the primary factors contributing to cardiovascular complications. Antithrombotic therapy remains one of the most effective treatments, but various potential side effects hinder its effectiveness, including the risk of haemorrhage. Intense research has been conducted on medicinal plants to discover the natural antithrombotic compounds. Argania spinosa, commonly known as the argan tree or argan oil tree, is a native species of southwestern Morocco. This study evaluated the primary and secondary hemostasis and antioxidant activity of leaf and branch aqueous extracts of A. spinosa and also assessed the phytochemical composition of these extracts. Platelet aggregation assay was performed using washed platelets stimulated with thrombin. For plasmatic coagulation, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were measured using the poor plasma method. Bleeding time was evaluated by inducing bleeding at the tip of a mouse tail. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined through the DPPH, β-carotene, and FRAP methods. The presence or absence of the secondary metabolites was carried out with the help of specific reagents, and the quantitative analysis was carried out using spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods. The study results revealed the presence of phenols, total flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and coumarins type of secondary metabolites in both types of aqueous extracts and a higher concentration of these was recorded in the leaves extracts. Both aqueous extracts significantly reduced in vitro thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, extended tail bleeding time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. The leaf extract of A. spinosa exerts significant effects against thrombotic manifestations and could be a promising source of new antithrombotic compounds.
{"title":"Argania spinosa Leaves and Branches: Antiaggregant, Anticoagulant, Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Compounds Quantification","authors":"Fatima Zahra LAFDIL, Asmae AMIROU, Mohamed BNOUHAM, Abdelkhaleq LEGSSYER, Abderrahim ZIYYAT, Rachid SEDDIK, Fahd KANDSI, Nadia GSEYRA, Hassane MEKHFI","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).650.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).650.662","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombocytes, also known as platelets, are crucial in maintaining the balance between blood clotting. Platelet hyperactivity and oxidative stress are the primary factors contributing to cardiovascular complications. Antithrombotic therapy remains one of the most effective treatments, but various potential side effects hinder its effectiveness, including the risk of haemorrhage. Intense research has been conducted on medicinal plants to discover the natural antithrombotic compounds. Argania spinosa, commonly known as the argan tree or argan oil tree, is a native species of southwestern Morocco. This study evaluated the primary and secondary hemostasis and antioxidant activity of leaf and branch aqueous extracts of A. spinosa and also assessed the phytochemical composition of these extracts. Platelet aggregation assay was performed using washed platelets stimulated with thrombin. For plasmatic coagulation, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were measured using the poor plasma method. Bleeding time was evaluated by inducing bleeding at the tip of a mouse tail. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined through the DPPH, β-carotene, and FRAP methods. The presence or absence of the secondary metabolites was carried out with the help of specific reagents, and the quantitative analysis was carried out using spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods. The study results revealed the presence of phenols, total flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and coumarins type of secondary metabolites in both types of aqueous extracts and a higher concentration of these was recorded in the leaves extracts. Both aqueous extracts significantly reduced in vitro thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, extended tail bleeding time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. The leaf extract of A. spinosa exerts significant effects against thrombotic manifestations and could be a promising source of new antithrombotic compounds.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing population, depletion of natural resources, semi-arid climatic and poor soil health conditions in Jhajjar district of Haryana have drawn major attention towards the changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC). The region's increasing population is mainly dependent upon the agrarian economy; thus, sustainable agricultural production is a major thrust area of research. The present study analyses the LULC changes in the area during two decades 2000 – 2020, using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Landsat satellite images (Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites) for 2000 and 2020 were analyzed for mixed classification based on unsupervised classification followed by supervised classification. The study area has experienced an increase in agricultural land, surface water bodies and built-up land by 16.89%, 79.73% and 56.41%, respectively. There is a decrease in barren land and fallow land by 48.53% and 36.97%, respectively, as per the five major LULC classes. The LULC analysis indicates an increase in built-up land, which is responsible for controlling agricultural productivity and unsustainable agricultural activities. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the land use trajectory in a specific region in two decades and associated unsustainable changes in the agrarian economy through pressure on the increase in agricultural production and conversion of land mass into croplands. It also signifies climate-resilient agriculture and the management of sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"An Insight into Application of Land Use Land Cover Analysis towards Sustainable Agriculture within Jhajjar District, Haryana","authors":"Jyoti Singh, None Mansi, Pooja Baweja, None Neha, Isha Arya, Haritma Chopra, Sandhya Gupta, Pinkey B. Gandhi, Priyadarshini Singh, Vikas Rena","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).756.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).756.766","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing population, depletion of natural resources, semi-arid climatic and poor soil health conditions in Jhajjar district of Haryana have drawn major attention towards the changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC). The region's increasing population is mainly dependent upon the agrarian economy; thus, sustainable agricultural production is a major thrust area of research. The present study analyses the LULC changes in the area during two decades 2000 – 2020, using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Landsat satellite images (Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites) for 2000 and 2020 were analyzed for mixed classification based on unsupervised classification followed by supervised classification. The study area has experienced an increase in agricultural land, surface water bodies and built-up land by 16.89%, 79.73% and 56.41%, respectively. There is a decrease in barren land and fallow land by 48.53% and 36.97%, respectively, as per the five major LULC classes. The LULC analysis indicates an increase in built-up land, which is responsible for controlling agricultural productivity and unsustainable agricultural activities. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the land use trajectory in a specific region in two decades and associated unsustainable changes in the agrarian economy through pressure on the increase in agricultural production and conversion of land mass into croplands. It also signifies climate-resilient agriculture and the management of sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using chicken litter as an organic fertilizer on land is the most common, cheapest and environmentally safest way to manage the latter generated swiftly from the poultry industry. Raw chicken litter has been applied to field soils where various vegetables are cropped to increase yield or productivity. However, the chicken litter frequently come in contact with different environments, such as water, soil, microbes and vegetation. When chickens defecate, their litters, in a few countries, are particularly reused for the next flock, potentially causing cross-contamination. Due to various contact points in the environment, a high probability of bacterial transmission is predicted, which could lead to infection spread in animals and humans. Consumption of contaminated water, food, and meat could lead to the transmission of deadly infections. Microbes in the chicken litter also affect the grazing animals while feeding on fields duly applied with chicken litter as manure. The maximum permissible limits (MPLs) in the chicken litter for land application should not exceed 106-108 CFU/g for Coliform bacteria. Antibiotics are regularly mixed in the diet or drinking water of chicken grown in marketable poultry farms for treating bacterial diseases. Rampant usage of antimicrobials also results in resistant bacteria's survival in animal excreta. Herein, we surveyed the literature to identify the major bacterial genus harboured in the fields applied with chicken manure to increase soil fertility. Our detailed survey identified different bacterial pathogens from chicken litter samples from different investigations. Most studies showed the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Enterococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, Comamonas, Proteus and Citrobacter, including many other bacterial species in the chicken litter samples. This article suggested that chicken litter does not meet the standard parameters for direct application as organic fertilizer in the fields. Before being applied to the ground, chicken litter should be treated to lessen the danger of polluting crops or water supplies by reducing the prevalence of harmful bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistance genes.
{"title":"Assessment of bacterial diversity in the chicken litter: A potent risk to environmental health","authors":"Sunil Kumar, Razique Anwer, Neera Mehra, Tamanna Devi, Mukesh Yadav, Nirmala Sehrawat, Anil Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).640.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).640.649","url":null,"abstract":"Using chicken litter as an organic fertilizer on land is the most common, cheapest and environmentally safest way to manage the latter generated swiftly from the poultry industry. Raw chicken litter has been applied to field soils where various vegetables are cropped to increase yield or productivity. However, the chicken litter frequently come in contact with different environments, such as water, soil, microbes and vegetation. When chickens defecate, their litters, in a few countries, are particularly reused for the next flock, potentially causing cross-contamination. Due to various contact points in the environment, a high probability of bacterial transmission is predicted, which could lead to infection spread in animals and humans. Consumption of contaminated water, food, and meat could lead to the transmission of deadly infections. Microbes in the chicken litter also affect the grazing animals while feeding on fields duly applied with chicken litter as manure. The maximum permissible limits (MPLs) in the chicken litter for land application should not exceed 106-108 CFU/g for Coliform bacteria. Antibiotics are regularly mixed in the diet or drinking water of chicken grown in marketable poultry farms for treating bacterial diseases. Rampant usage of antimicrobials also results in resistant bacteria's survival in animal excreta. Herein, we surveyed the literature to identify the major bacterial genus harboured in the fields applied with chicken manure to increase soil fertility. Our detailed survey identified different bacterial pathogens from chicken litter samples from different investigations. Most studies showed the prevalence of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Enterococcus, E. coli, Bacillus, Comamonas, Proteus and Citrobacter, including many other bacterial species in the chicken litter samples. This article suggested that chicken litter does not meet the standard parameters for direct application as organic fertilizer in the fields. Before being applied to the ground, chicken litter should be treated to lessen the danger of polluting crops or water supplies by reducing the prevalence of harmful bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistance genes.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer ranks as the most lethal and prevalent non-communicable disease in clinical settings. Therapeutic options for cancer comprise chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and combined treatment. Cancer remission and relapse cases are widespread despite having various advanced medications and sophisticated dissection techniques. A new approach involving immune-cell-mediated cancer therapy has been adopted extensively for cancer treatments by utilizing immune cells. Immunotherapy has gained much attention to prevent and treat various types of cancer. Immunotherapy treatments operate in multiple contexts. Several immunotherapy therapeutic interventions assist the immune function in halting or reducing the advancement of cancer cells. Many also facilitate the immune cells in destroying cancerous cells or safeguarding against cancer from disseminating to certain other regions of the human body. Among other methods, genetic manipulation of immune cells offers hope for innovative anticancer treatment. T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have become the most extensively documented immune cells for immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy exhibits the most promising blood cancer treatment. However, adoptive NK cell transfer therapy displays potential anticancer treatment options, although more research is needed to be carried out. In addition, cytokine-induced immunomodulation is also plausible for cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight the most comprehensive information, observations, and consequences associated with different cancer immunotherapy initiatives.
{"title":"Immune-Cell-Mediated Cancer Treatment: Advantages, Drawbacks And Future Direction","authors":"Ohn Mar Lwin, Atif Amin Baig, Nurul Akmal Jamaludin, Thin Thin Aung, Haziq Hazman Norman, Aung Myo Oo","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(4).625.639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(4).625.639","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer ranks as the most lethal and prevalent non-communicable disease in clinical settings. Therapeutic options for cancer comprise chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and combined treatment. Cancer remission and relapse cases are widespread despite having various advanced medications and sophisticated dissection techniques. A new approach involving immune-cell-mediated cancer therapy has been adopted extensively for cancer treatments by utilizing immune cells. Immunotherapy has gained much attention to prevent and treat various types of cancer. Immunotherapy treatments operate in multiple contexts. Several immunotherapy therapeutic interventions assist the immune function in halting or reducing the advancement of cancer cells. Many also facilitate the immune cells in destroying cancerous cells or safeguarding against cancer from disseminating to certain other regions of the human body. Among other methods, genetic manipulation of immune cells offers hope for innovative anticancer treatment. T lymphocytes and natural killer cells have become the most extensively documented immune cells for immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy exhibits the most promising blood cancer treatment. However, adoptive NK cell transfer therapy displays potential anticancer treatment options, although more research is needed to be carried out. In addition, cytokine-induced immunomodulation is also plausible for cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight the most comprehensive information, observations, and consequences associated with different cancer immunotherapy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(3).563.571
L. Nguyen, T. K. B. Nguyen, Thanh Huu Luong, Huyen Thi Dam, P. M. Nguyen
The excess use of pesticides in the agricultural sector has caused environmental pollution and affected the complete ecosystem. Among the various commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used against multiple agrarian pests due to its effectiveness and higher insecticidal activities. However, along with its beneficial usage, CPF has various residual effects on the environment, causing multiple negative impacts on aquatic organisms and human health. Consequently, methods for eliminating CPF in the background are essential. Among the currently available approaches to CPF remediation, biological methods using microorganisms are eco-friendly and cost-effective. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and characterize chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria from the tea-growing soil of Vietnam. For this, soil samples were collected from the 20 tea-growing areas of Vietnam. From the collected samples, three bacterial strains viz., Methylobacterium populi CNN2, Ensifer adhaerens VNN3, and Acinetobacter pittii CNN4 have been isolated by using streak plate method and identified based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The study results showed that under laboratory conditions, E. adhaerens VNN3 had the highest CPF degradation ability and was followed by the strain M. populi CNN2. In liquid medium, CPF concentration (100 mg/L) was reduced by 95.2% and 81.4% by E.adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2, respectively, after 72 h. Further, under in-vitro conditions, the concentration of CPF was reduced from 500 mg/kg to 112 ± 1.73 (77.6%) and 197 ± 2.08 mg/kg (60.6%) by E. adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that E. adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2 can be used for CPF-contaminated agricultural soil remediation.
农业部门过度使用农药造成了环境污染，影响了整个生态系统。在各种常用农药中，毒死蜱因其有效、杀虫活性高而被广泛用于防治多种农业害虫。然而，CPF在得到有益利用的同时，也对环境产生了各种残留效应，对水生生物和人类健康造成了多重负面影响。因此，消除背景CPF的方法是必不可少的。在目前可用的CPF修复方法中，利用微生物的生物方法是生态友好且成本效益高的。因此，本研究从越南产茶土壤中分离并鉴定了毒死蜱降解菌。为此，从越南的20个茶叶种植区收集了土壤样本。从采集的样品中，采用条纹板法分离到3株细菌，分别为populi Methylobacterium CNN2、Ensifer adhaerens VNN3和pittiacinetobacter CNN4，并进行16S rRNA基因分析鉴定。研究结果表明，在实验室条件下，e.m adhaerens VNN3对CPF的降解能力最高，其次是m.p uli CNN2。在液体培养基中，adhaerens E. VNN3和M. populi CNN2作用72 h后，CPF浓度(100 mg/L)分别降低95.2%和81.4%。体外条件下，adhaerens E. VNN3和M. populi CNN2分别使CPF浓度从500 mg/kg降低至112±1.73 mg/kg(77.6%)和197±2.08 mg/kg(60.6%)。综上所述，黏着芽孢杆菌VNN3和大众芽孢杆菌CNN2可用于cpf污染的农业土壤修复。
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria in tea-growing soils","authors":"L. Nguyen, T. K. B. Nguyen, Thanh Huu Luong, Huyen Thi Dam, P. M. Nguyen","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(3).563.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(3).563.571","url":null,"abstract":"The excess use of pesticides in the agricultural sector has caused environmental pollution and affected the complete ecosystem. Among the various commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used against multiple agrarian pests due to its effectiveness and higher insecticidal activities. However, along with its beneficial usage, CPF has various residual effects on the environment, causing multiple negative impacts on aquatic organisms and human health. Consequently, methods for eliminating CPF in the background are essential. Among the currently available approaches to CPF remediation, biological methods using microorganisms are eco-friendly and cost-effective. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and characterize chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria from the tea-growing soil of Vietnam. For this, soil samples were collected from the 20 tea-growing areas of Vietnam. From the collected samples, three bacterial strains viz., Methylobacterium populi CNN2, Ensifer adhaerens VNN3, and Acinetobacter pittii CNN4 have been isolated by using streak plate method and identified based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The study results showed that under laboratory conditions, E. adhaerens VNN3 had the highest CPF degradation ability and was followed by the strain M. populi CNN2. In liquid medium, CPF concentration (100 mg/L) was reduced by 95.2% and 81.4% by E.adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2, respectively, after 72 h. Further, under in-vitro conditions, the concentration of CPF was reduced from 500 mg/kg to 112 ± 1.73 (77.6%) and 197 ± 2.08 mg/kg (60.6%) by E. adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that E. adhaerens VNN3 and M. populi CNN2 can be used for CPF-contaminated agricultural soil remediation.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41707786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(3).506.519
Ruhul Amin, Faruk Alam, B. Dey, Ronald Darwin, S. A. Ahmed, C. Thalluri, K. Dhama, Sandip Chakraborty, Deepak Chandran, Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
Lead, a non-essential metal, enters the body in various ways, making it a major public health issue. Painters and smelters report lead poisoning in children and staff. Mining and battery workers risk lead exposure. Traditional and cultural remedies may include dangerous quantities of lead, producing lead poisoning. These drugs must be properly understood and regulated to avoid toxicity. Lead poisoning symptoms vary by duration and severity. Lead first impairs cognition, development, and behaviour by damaging the neural system. Time degrades reproductive and haematological systems. Lead's quiet entry into the body makes it deadly. Acute lead nephropathy damages kidneys at 100mg/dL. Lead levels exceeding 150mg/dL may induce encephalopathy. Blood lead levels indicate lead poisoning severity. Lead levels over 10g/dL in children and 40g/dL in adults are hazardous. Lead toxicity affects various organs. Lead may induce hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It may also cause chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Lead exposure may impede fertility, cause miscarriages, and alter foetal development; hence the reproductive system is vulnerable. Symptoms and lead levels may be treated with different approaches. Lead chelation treatment is frequent. Other vitamins and medications may enhance organ function and treat lead poisoning. Lead poisoning prevention requires widespread awareness. Strict standards and education regarding lead-contaminated products and conventional remedies should reduce occupational lead exposure. Regular blood lead level monitoring, especially in youngsters and lead workers, may help detect and treat lead poisoning early. Lead poisoning has serious health consequences. Understanding lead exposure pathways, identifying symptoms, and preventing lead poisoning is essential to public health and organ system protection.
{"title":"Sources, blood concentrations, and approaches for reducing exposure to lead: A critical appraisal on lead poisoning","authors":"Ruhul Amin, Faruk Alam, B. Dey, Ronald Darwin, S. A. Ahmed, C. Thalluri, K. Dhama, Sandip Chakraborty, Deepak Chandran, Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(3).506.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(3).506.519","url":null,"abstract":"Lead, a non-essential metal, enters the body in various ways, making it a major public health issue. Painters and smelters report lead poisoning in children and staff. Mining and battery workers risk lead exposure. Traditional and cultural remedies may include dangerous quantities of lead, producing lead poisoning. These drugs must be properly understood and regulated to avoid toxicity. Lead poisoning symptoms vary by duration and severity. Lead first impairs cognition, development, and behaviour by damaging the neural system. Time degrades reproductive and haematological systems. Lead's quiet entry into the body makes it deadly. Acute lead nephropathy damages kidneys at 100mg/dL. Lead levels exceeding 150mg/dL may induce encephalopathy. Blood lead levels indicate lead poisoning severity. Lead levels over 10g/dL in children and 40g/dL in adults are hazardous. Lead toxicity affects various organs. Lead may induce hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It may also cause chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Lead exposure may impede fertility, cause miscarriages, and alter foetal development; hence the reproductive system is vulnerable. Symptoms and lead levels may be treated with different approaches. Lead chelation treatment is frequent. Other vitamins and medications may enhance organ function and treat lead poisoning. Lead poisoning prevention requires widespread awareness. Strict standards and education regarding lead-contaminated products and conventional remedies should reduce occupational lead exposure. Regular blood lead level monitoring, especially in youngsters and lead workers, may help detect and treat lead poisoning early. Lead poisoning has serious health consequences. Understanding lead exposure pathways, identifying symptoms, and preventing lead poisoning is essential to public health and organ system protection.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43782677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(3).500.505
K. Sharma, R. Ranjan, Saurabh Gupta
This review is based on the importance of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in goat semen cryopreservation. Recent studies indicate that certain growth factors determine the seminal quality due to the interaction between seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Cryopreservation is the technique used to preserve semen at extremely low temperatures for extended periods, which is essential for artificial insemination (AI) and selective breeding programs. IGF-I promotes the proliferation and maturation of spermatozoa. IGF-I is involved in sperm motility, DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. There was a significant positive correlation between the weight of animals and IGF-1 genotype diversity. This review aims to investigate the effect of IGF-1 fortification in semen cryopreservation. Further, the review article also assesses the role of IGF-1 in improving the post-thaw quality and viability of goat semen, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the success rates of AI. The research gap this review aims to fill is the limited understanding of the role of IGF-1 fortification on goat semen cryopreservation.
{"title":"Role of IGF-1 in goat semen freezing: A Review","authors":"K. Sharma, R. Ranjan, Saurabh Gupta","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(3).500.505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(3).500.505","url":null,"abstract":"This review is based on the importance of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) in goat semen cryopreservation. Recent studies indicate that certain growth factors determine the seminal quality due to the interaction between seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Cryopreservation is the technique used to preserve semen at extremely low temperatures for extended periods, which is essential for artificial insemination (AI) and selective breeding programs. IGF-I promotes the proliferation and maturation of spermatozoa. IGF-I is involved in sperm motility, DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. There was a significant positive correlation between the weight of animals and IGF-1 genotype diversity. This review aims to investigate the effect of IGF-1 fortification in semen cryopreservation. Further, the review article also assesses the role of IGF-1 in improving the post-thaw quality and viability of goat semen, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the success rates of AI. The research gap this review aims to fill is the limited understanding of the role of IGF-1 fortification on goat semen cryopreservation.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43105142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.18006/2023.11(3).572.580
Mario James Forest, Ma. Del Carmen Ojeda Zacarías, H. L. Saldaña, R. V. Alvarado, E. Sáenz, Alhagie Cham
Many compounds available in the market act as elicitors and can be incorporated into agronomic management. But the focus is on elicitors frequently used for the induction of different responses related to the systemic resistance of plants to increase the production of bioactive metabolites, biomass accumulation, and yield. For that case, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of three elicitors on potato crops under field conditions. The potato cultivar "Fianna" was used, and a completely randomized design with four treatments and four repetitions. The effect of three elicitors at a dose of 2.5 g. L-1 for Activane®, 2.5 ml. L-1 for Micobiol® and 2.5 g. L-1 for Stemicol® was evaluated on growth, yield, enzymatic and antioxidant activity. Generally, the elicitors had a positive effect on the enzymes and antioxidant capacity of the potato plant. It was concluded that the application of elicitors Stemicol® (T4) had the most significant result on the number of tubers and weight per plant at harvest while allowing a more substantial number of tubers to be obtained. In comparison, Activane® (T2) influenced the growth variables of stem length and number of leaves per plant.
{"title":"The Impact of Elicitation on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production, Enzymatic and Antioxidant Activity in Nuevo León, Mexico","authors":"Mario James Forest, Ma. Del Carmen Ojeda Zacarías, H. L. Saldaña, R. V. Alvarado, E. Sáenz, Alhagie Cham","doi":"10.18006/2023.11(3).572.580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18006/2023.11(3).572.580","url":null,"abstract":"Many compounds available in the market act as elicitors and can be incorporated into agronomic management. But the focus is on elicitors frequently used for the induction of different responses related to the systemic resistance of plants to increase the production of bioactive metabolites, biomass accumulation, and yield. For that case, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of three elicitors on potato crops under field conditions. The potato cultivar \"Fianna\" was used, and a completely randomized design with four treatments and four repetitions. The effect of three elicitors at a dose of 2.5 g. L-1 for Activane®, 2.5 ml. L-1 for Micobiol® and 2.5 g. L-1 for Stemicol® was evaluated on growth, yield, enzymatic and antioxidant activity. Generally, the elicitors had a positive effect on the enzymes and antioxidant capacity of the potato plant. It was concluded that the application of elicitors Stemicol® (T4) had the most significant result on the number of tubers and weight per plant at harvest while allowing a more substantial number of tubers to be obtained. In comparison, Activane® (T2) influenced the growth variables of stem length and number of leaves per plant.","PeriodicalId":15766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：