Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.055
Li Wang , Meng Zhang , Hui Xu , Jianbo Liu
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been widely accepted as an advanced wastewater treatment technology, while biofouling is still a bottleneck in extensive growth of MBR markets. The introduction of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, which disrupts the formation of the biofouling layer on the immersed membrane surface, holds the promise to inhibit biofouling problem for MBR. Nevertheless, high strength wastewater containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (N) could easily promote biomass growth in MBRs, leading to higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and resulting in higher membrane biofouling. This study achieved a double critical flux enhancement (0.3→0.6 m/day) coupled with a >14 days operational extension through QQ-mediated EPS modulation, specifically targeting protein reduction (50.68 % decrease). Notably, QQ efficacy persisted under high-strength conditions, maintaining >94 % NH₄⁺-N removal and >93 % COD removal across cycles. These findings substantiate the scalability of the QQ strategy for the treatment of high COD and high N wastewater at a high flux of 0.6 m/day, offering a robust theoretical framework for its implementation in mitigating membrane fouling and optimizing the performance of membrane reactors in practical applications.
{"title":"Biofouling control by quorum quenching bacteria in membrane bioreactors for high strength wastewater treatment with doubled flux","authors":"Li Wang , Meng Zhang , Hui Xu , Jianbo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been widely accepted as an advanced wastewater treatment technology, while biofouling is still a bottleneck in extensive growth of MBR markets. The introduction of quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria, which disrupts the formation of the biofouling layer on the immersed membrane surface, holds the promise to inhibit biofouling problem for MBR. Nevertheless, high strength wastewater containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (N) could easily promote biomass growth in MBRs, leading to higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and resulting in higher membrane biofouling. This study achieved a double critical flux enhancement (0.3→0.6 m/day) coupled with a >14 days operational extension through QQ-mediated EPS modulation, specifically targeting protein reduction (50.68 % decrease). Notably, QQ efficacy persisted under high-strength conditions, maintaining >94 % NH₄⁺-N removal and >93 % COD removal across cycles. These findings substantiate the scalability of the QQ strategy for the treatment of high COD and high N wastewater at a high flux of 0.6 m/day, offering a robust theoretical framework for its implementation in mitigating membrane fouling and optimizing the performance of membrane reactors in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"164 ","pages":"Pages 23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.059
Haotian Guo , Chengxiang Guo , Tongzhu Yu , Huaqiao Gui , Yixin Yang , Zhe Ji , Junjie Liu , Jiguang Wang , Jianguo Liu
The upcoming Euro 7 vehicle emissions regulation sets new requirements for calibrating PN-PEMS. In current PN concentration calibration methods, arbitrary selection of aerosol materials and incorrect estimation of multiply-charged particles lead to calibration deviation. This study proposes a novel, accurate calibration method based on the calibration and correction of the actual charging probability of soot for calibrating PN-PEMS. The accurate calibration results of a PN-PEMS show a maximum reduction of 7.65 % in the +1-charging probability deviation and of 3.15 % in the counting efficiency deviation. The calibration of the actual charging probability of soot introduces a calibration uncertainty increment of 0.09 %-2.71 %, and the overall uncertainty is < 4.76 %, which makes the calibration results more credible. The interaction of calibration aerosols of different physicochemical properties with the condensation particle counter working fluid and catalytic stripper device is the main reason for the different PN-PEMS calibration results. The calibration of the actual charging probability of particles is the fundamental method to eliminate the calibration deviation caused by the estimation and correction of multiply-charged particles.
{"title":"Highly accurate calibration of particle number portable emissions measurement systems (PN-PEMS) via actual soot charging probability correction","authors":"Haotian Guo , Chengxiang Guo , Tongzhu Yu , Huaqiao Gui , Yixin Yang , Zhe Ji , Junjie Liu , Jiguang Wang , Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.11.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upcoming Euro 7 vehicle emissions regulation sets new requirements for calibrating PN-PEMS. In current PN concentration calibration methods, arbitrary selection of aerosol materials and incorrect estimation of multiply-charged particles lead to calibration deviation. This study proposes a novel, accurate calibration method based on the calibration and correction of the actual charging probability of soot for calibrating PN-PEMS. The accurate calibration results of a PN-PEMS show a maximum reduction of 7.65 % in the +1-charging probability deviation and of 3.15 % in the counting efficiency deviation. The calibration of the actual charging probability of soot introduces a calibration uncertainty increment of 0.09 %-2.71 %, and the overall uncertainty is < 4.76 %, which makes the calibration results more credible. The interaction of calibration aerosols of different physicochemical properties with the condensation particle counter working fluid and catalytic stripper device is the main reason for the different PN-PEMS calibration results. The calibration of the actual charging probability of particles is the fundamental method to eliminate the calibration deviation caused by the estimation and correction of multiply-charged particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"164 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.051
Luyao Qin , Xiaoyi Sun , Lei Yu , Jing Wang , Yuanqing Chao , Jason C. White , Meng Wang , Shibao Chen
Unstable pe+pH (a soil redox parameter representing the total variation of pH and Eh, pe = −log10(e−) = Eh (mV)/59.2) environment caused by alternation flooding and drainage cycles can alter aggregate structure. However, the mechanism of aggregate restructuring and its impact on Cd distribution remains poorly understood. Contaminated soils were collected from three different rice-growing regions in China and then were subjected to a 40-day anaerobic incubation followed by a 20-day oxidation period. The contribution of known binders, including iron (Fe) oxides and soil organic carbon (SOC), to aggregate structural stability and its impact on DTPA-Cd distribution were investigated. The results show that flooding decreased laterite soil pe+pH from 9.56 to 1.73, resulting in the disintegration of macroaggregates and formation of microaggregates. In addition, free Fe oxides (FeDCB) were mainly distributed in macroaggregates, while amorphous Fe oxides (FeOA) and SOC tended to accumulate in microaggregates. The greatest decrease of 65.2 %–73.2 % was observed in aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) after dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extraction, which indicates that FeDCB contributed more to aggregate stability than FeOA and SOC. Furthermore, flooding stage decreased the content of DTPA-Cd in bulk soil, and that tended to distribute in microaggregates (0.30 and 0.52 mg/kg for the > 2 and < 0.053 mm fraction, respectively). Taken together, unstable pe+pH changed the distribution of Fe oxides and SOC in different aggregate size, resulting in aggregate restructuring, which further impacted Cd distribution in paddy soil.
{"title":"Aggregate-mediated redistribution and bioavailability of cadmium in paddy soils under alternating redox conditions","authors":"Luyao Qin , Xiaoyi Sun , Lei Yu , Jing Wang , Yuanqing Chao , Jason C. White , Meng Wang , Shibao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unstable pe+pH (a soil redox parameter representing the total variation of pH and Eh, pe = −log<sub>10</sub>(e<sup>−</sup>) = Eh (mV)/59.2) environment caused by alternation flooding and drainage cycles can alter aggregate structure. However, the mechanism of aggregate restructuring and its impact on Cd distribution remains poorly understood. Contaminated soils were collected from three different rice-growing regions in China and then were subjected to a 40-day anaerobic incubation followed by a 20-day oxidation period. The contribution of known binders, including iron (Fe) oxides and soil organic carbon (SOC), to aggregate structural stability and its impact on DTPA-Cd distribution were investigated. The results show that flooding decreased laterite soil pe+pH from 9.56 to 1.73, resulting in the disintegration of macroaggregates and formation of microaggregates. In addition, free Fe oxides (Fe<sub>DCB</sub>) were mainly distributed in macroaggregates, while amorphous Fe oxides (Fe<sub>OA</sub>) and SOC tended to accumulate in microaggregates. The greatest decrease of 65.2 %–73.2 % was observed in aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) after dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extraction, which indicates that Fe<sub>DCB</sub> contributed more to aggregate stability than Fe<sub>OA</sub> and SOC. Furthermore, flooding stage decreased the content of DTPA-Cd in bulk soil, and that tended to distribute in microaggregates (0.30 and 0.52 mg/kg for the > 2 and < 0.053 mm fraction, respectively). Taken together, unstable pe+pH changed the distribution of Fe oxides and SOC in different aggregate size, resulting in aggregate restructuring, which further impacted Cd distribution in paddy soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"164 ","pages":"Pages 12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.011
Wei Zhao , Peiyue Li , Tiantian Wang , Fangqiang Sun , Fang Zhang , Jia Yang , Jing Ning , Misbah Fida
High groundwater nitrate associated with agricultural activity is a global environmental problem. However, linking spatial variability of groundwater nitrate and agricultural activity quantification needs to be elucidated. This paper seeks to explain the spatial variability of groundwater nitrate in the loess area of Tongchuan City, China, identify the contributing factors using hydrogeochemical and statistical methods, and analyze the connection between farmland leaching and groundwater nitrate quantitatively. Results indicate that the nitrate of the Quaternary alluvial pore water (QAP) is significantly higher during the wet season (3.60 to 68.24 mg/L) compared to the dry season (3.53 to 37.20 mg/L). QAP nitrate is significantly higher than that in loess fissure-pore water (LFP), which ranges from 0.66 to 5.47 mg/L during the wet season and 0.82 to 5.01 mg/L during the dry season. The thin and loose vadose zone of QAP makes the aquifer particularly susceptible to anthropogenic influences. Following recharge from LFP, the hydrochemical parameters in QAP increased by 1.22 to 3.12 times (except Na+ and pH), the change of average nitrate concentration in QAP (10.11 mg/L) was considerably higher than that in LFP (0.03 mg/L) due to farmland leaching. A significant correlation (R2 = 0.70 exists between groundwater nitrate and farmland leaching in river valleys and on slopes where farmland is prevalent. Fertilizer accumulation in river valleys enhances downward leaching, thereby further exacerbating groundwater nitrate. These findings highlight that river valleys with extensive farmland in the Loess Plateau should be prioritized for preventing and controlling groundwater nitrate pollution from agricultural activities.
{"title":"Spatial variability of groundwater nitrate in the loess area of Tongchuan City, China: New insights from farmland leaching quantification","authors":"Wei Zhao , Peiyue Li , Tiantian Wang , Fangqiang Sun , Fang Zhang , Jia Yang , Jing Ning , Misbah Fida","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High groundwater nitrate associated with agricultural activity is a global environmental problem. However, linking spatial variability of groundwater nitrate and agricultural activity quantification needs to be elucidated. This paper seeks to explain the spatial variability of groundwater nitrate in the loess area of Tongchuan City, China, identify the contributing factors using hydrogeochemical and statistical methods, and analyze the connection between farmland leaching and groundwater nitrate quantitatively. Results indicate that the nitrate of the Quaternary alluvial pore water (QAP) is significantly higher during the wet season (3.60 to 68.24 mg/L) compared to the dry season (3.53 to 37.20 mg/L). QAP nitrate is significantly higher than that in loess fissure-pore water (LFP), which ranges from 0.66 to 5.47 mg/L during the wet season and 0.82 to 5.01 mg/L during the dry season. The thin and loose vadose zone of QAP makes the aquifer particularly susceptible to anthropogenic influences. Following recharge from LFP, the hydrochemical parameters in QAP increased by 1.22 to 3.12 times (except Na<sup>+</sup> and pH), the change of average nitrate concentration in QAP (10.11 mg/L) was considerably higher than that in LFP (0.03 mg/L) due to farmland leaching. A significant correlation (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.70 exists between groundwater nitrate and farmland leaching in river valleys and on slopes where farmland is prevalent. Fertilizer accumulation in river valleys enhances downward leaching, thereby further exacerbating groundwater nitrate. These findings highlight that river valleys with extensive farmland in the Loess Plateau should be prioritized for preventing and controlling groundwater nitrate pollution from agricultural activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 512-521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CO via the RWGS reaction is an effective avenue for resource utilization of CO2. In this study, we prepared serial La2O3-doped Ru catalysts (i.e., RuLa/SBA-15) using a facile sequential impregnation method, and applied it for the selective hydrogenation conversion of CO2 into CO. The La2O3 doping remarkably promotes the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles and induces the formation of electron-deficient Ru species (Run+). In-situ DRIFTS study reveals that the hydrogenation of CO2 over Ru catalysts with and without La2O3 doping proceeds through different pathways. Both CO and CH4 are formed on non-doped Ru/SBA-15 with formate as the key intermediate, but only CO is generated on RuLa/SBA-15 via carbonate as the intermediate because of the weakened CO adsorption on Run+. Thus, RuLa/SBA-15 exhibits outstanding CO selectivity for the hydrogenation of CO2 without significant decline of activity. It achieves a CO2 conversion of 51 % at 600 °C and nearly 100 % of CO selectivity across the examined reaction temperature of 300–600 °C, surpassing the performances of the non-doped counterpart (CO2 conversion of 58 % at 600 °C and CO selectivity ranging from 2 %-63 %). This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy to tune the structure of Ru catalysts for the hydrogenation conversion of CO2 to obtain value-added products.
{"title":"Highly selective catalytic hydrogenation conversion of CO2 to CO over lanthanum-doped supported ruthenium catalysts","authors":"Lanqing Yang, Xinyi Xie, Shidong Bao, Xiaolei Qu, Shourong Zheng, Heyun Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective catalytic hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO via the RWGS reaction is an effective avenue for resource utilization of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this study, we prepared serial La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-doped Ru catalysts (i.e., RuLa/SBA-15) using a facile sequential impregnation method, and applied it for the selective hydrogenation conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into CO. The La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping remarkably promotes the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles and induces the formation of electron-deficient Ru species (Ru<sup>n+</sup>). <em>In-situ</em> DRIFTS study reveals that the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> over Ru catalysts with and without La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping proceeds through different pathways. Both CO and CH<sub>4</sub> are formed on non-doped Ru/SBA-15 with formate as the key intermediate, but only CO is generated on RuLa/SBA-15 via carbonate as the intermediate because of the weakened CO adsorption on Ru<sup>n+</sup>. Thus, RuLa/SBA-15 exhibits outstanding CO selectivity for the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> without significant decline of activity. It achieves a CO<sub>2</sub> conversion of 51 % at 600 °C and nearly 100 % of CO selectivity across the examined reaction temperature of 300–600 °C, surpassing the performances of the non-doped counterpart (CO<sub>2</sub> conversion of 58 % at 600 °C and CO selectivity ranging from 2 %-63 %). This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy to tune the structure of Ru catalysts for the hydrogenation conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to obtain value-added products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.050
Zhiquan Jin , Anhua Jiang , Linye Shen , Meixia Shi , Tao Zeng
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of BaTiO3/pDEB hybrid materials engineered for enhanced piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation and ultrasonic vibration. By integrating the piezoelectric properties of BaTiO3 with the visible light absorption and charge transport capabilities of poly-(1,4-diethynyl benzene) (pDEB), the BaTiO3/pDEB hybrids achieved efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, significantly improving its piezo-photocatalysis activity. Driven by the synergistic effects of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis, the optimized BaTiO3/pDEB5:2 hybrids reach a complete BPA removal within 30 min, primarily through ·OH radical production. Additionally, toxicological assessments indicate reduced environmental toxicity of BPA degradation intermediates is achieved. These findings underscore the potential of BaTiO3/pDEB composites in sustainable pollutant remediation, advancing piezo-photocatalytic applications in environmental protection.
{"title":"Synergistic piezo-photocatalysis enabled by BaTiO3/pDEB hybrids for efficient organic pollutant degradation","authors":"Zhiquan Jin , Anhua Jiang , Linye Shen , Meixia Shi , Tao Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the synthesis and characterization of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/pDEB hybrid materials engineered for enhanced piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation and ultrasonic vibration. By integrating the piezoelectric properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> with the visible light absorption and charge transport capabilities of poly-(1,4-diethynyl benzene) (pDEB), the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/pDEB hybrids achieved efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, significantly improving its piezo-photocatalysis activity. Driven by the synergistic effects of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis, the optimized BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/pDEB<sub>5:2</sub> hybrids reach a complete BPA removal within 30 min, primarily through ·OH radical production. Additionally, toxicological assessments indicate reduced environmental toxicity of BPA degradation intermediates is achieved. These findings underscore the potential of BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/pDEB composites in sustainable pollutant remediation, advancing piezo-photocatalytic applications in environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 116-125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.050
Xinting Zhao , Qinghua Zhou , Jiaxing Xie, Xin He, Yan Wang, Feng Tan
Soil aging is recognized to influence the soil-water partitioning behavior of organic pollutants, altering their mobility and bioavailability. However, the specific impacts of soil aging on the desorption behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the solid phase require further investigation. This study investigated the impact of soil aging on the distribution and desorption kinetics of eleven legacy and emerging PFAS in agricultural soils, using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. The results demonstrate that soil aging strengthened interactions between PFAS and soil particles, simultaneously reducing concentrations in both the soil solution and solid phase compartments. Additionally, high organic matter content facilitated PFAS sequestration. The nonlinear increase in PFAS mass accumulated by DGT device suggested that the consumption of PFAS at the DGT surface was partially offset by the resupply of labile PFAS from the solid phase. Modeling with the DGT-induced fluxes in soil model indicated that the labile pool size decreased following soil aging, with values ranging from 0.11 to 168 mL/g after 14 days and from 0.34 to 83 mL/g after 120 days. Overall, this study demonstrates that soil aging reduced PFAS concentration in the soil solution while also decreasing the labile pool size. These findings are significant for assessing PFAS transfer, fate, bioavailability, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health.
{"title":"Effects of soil aging on distribution and desorption kinetics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by diffusive gradients in thin films","authors":"Xinting Zhao , Qinghua Zhou , Jiaxing Xie, Xin He, Yan Wang, Feng Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil aging is recognized to influence the soil-water partitioning behavior of organic pollutants, altering their mobility and bioavailability. However, the specific impacts of soil aging on the desorption behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the solid phase require further investigation. This study investigated the impact of soil aging on the distribution and desorption kinetics of eleven legacy and emerging PFAS in agricultural soils, using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. The results demonstrate that soil aging strengthened interactions between PFAS and soil particles, simultaneously reducing concentrations in both the soil solution and solid phase compartments. Additionally, high organic matter content facilitated PFAS sequestration. The nonlinear increase in PFAS mass accumulated by DGT device suggested that the consumption of PFAS at the DGT surface was partially offset by the resupply of labile PFAS from the solid phase. Modeling with the DGT-induced fluxes in soil model indicated that the labile pool size decreased following soil aging, with values ranging from 0.11 to 168 mL/g after 14 days and from 0.34 to 83 mL/g after 120 days. Overall, this study demonstrates that soil aging reduced PFAS concentration in the soil solution while also decreasing the labile pool size. These findings are significant for assessing PFAS transfer, fate, bioavailability, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term effectiveness remains a critical challenge for soil heavy metal immobilization. In this study, the combination of biochar and microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a biomineralization-based approach, referred to as BM treatment, was applied to a Pb-contaminated silty clay. A quantified accelerated aging experiment based on rainfall and wet-dry cycles was conducted to assess the stability of Pb across the simulated 100 years. BM treatment exhibited enhanced performance in Pb immobilization compared with single biochar and single MICP treatments under accelerated aging. Before aging, BM treatment was the only method capable of reducing soil Pb leachability to levels that meet the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure standard. After aging, the total Pb concentration in BM-treated soils showed the lowest reduction (10.6 %) after simulated 100 years, compared to reductions of 23.3 % and 18.1 % in biochar-treated and MICP-treated soils, respectively. BM treatment also significantly increased the fraction of generally stable Pb in the soil, maintaining a relatively high level (39.4 %-45.7 %) and enhanced calcium carbonate production (7.92 %) with minimal dissolution (2.14 % reduction) throughout the simulated 100 years. Biochar’s porous structure facilitated treatment solution delivery, overcoming MICP limitations in fine-pored clay soils. This study sheds light on the potential large-scale application of BM treatment in long-term soil heavy metal immobilization.
{"title":"A combined biochar and biomineralization approach for enhanced soil Pb immobilization under accelerated aging","authors":"Huicong Hu, Zhengtao Shen, Chao-Sheng Tang, Wen Mu, Mengtao Wang, Sensen Li, Xiaohua Pan, Huan Liu, Bao-Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term effectiveness remains a critical challenge for soil heavy metal immobilization. In this study, the combination of biochar and microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), a biomineralization-based approach, referred to as BM treatment, was applied to a Pb-contaminated silty clay. A quantified accelerated aging experiment based on rainfall and wet-dry cycles was conducted to assess the stability of Pb across the simulated 100 years. BM treatment exhibited enhanced performance in Pb immobilization compared with single biochar and single MICP treatments under accelerated aging. Before aging, BM treatment was the only method capable of reducing soil Pb leachability to levels that meet the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure standard. After aging, the total Pb concentration in BM-treated soils showed the lowest reduction (10.6 %) after simulated 100 years, compared to reductions of 23.3 % and 18.1 % in biochar-treated and MICP-treated soils, respectively. BM treatment also significantly increased the fraction of generally stable Pb in the soil, maintaining a relatively high level (39.4 %-45.7 %) and enhanced calcium carbonate production (7.92 %) with minimal dissolution (2.14 % reduction) throughout the simulated 100 years. Biochar’s porous structure facilitated treatment solution delivery, overcoming MICP limitations in fine-pored clay soils. This study sheds light on the potential large-scale application of BM treatment in long-term soil heavy metal immobilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 474-480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.041
Yun Yang , Lulu Li , Jinxin Wang , Jiahao Ouyang , Yu Quan , Sijie Chen , Chunzhao Chen , Wei Ouyang , Gang Yu , Li Ling
The trade-off between quality and difficulty is a challenge when quantifying ambient antibiotics at trace levels. Compared with the precise yet complicate methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offer a simple alternative. While some studies applied it on quantifying environmental pollutants, diverse optimization procedures were employed and matrix effects were not well-addressed. Here, the quantification capability of solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ELISA on ambient antibiotics was evaluated using a newly developed standardized procedure. SPE-ELISA first underwent more rigorous optimization using an overall performance index and three-dimensional recovery response surface. A series of quantitative indicators including precision (relative standard deviation reached 0.3 %), sensitivity (a minimal of 3.8 ng/L variation can be distinguished), limit of detection (0.3 µg/L without pretreatment), and recoveries (> 90 %) of SPE-ELISA were achieved and the corresponding conditions were revealed. To eliminate matrix effects, the standard addition method was adopted. This approach, coupled with the linearization of the nonlinear calibration curve, yielded highly accurate (errors of 9 % and 5.2 %) and reliable (standard deviation of 0.49 and 0.61) results on measuring simulated surface and wastewaters with 5 ng/L and 10 ng/L sulfamethoxazole, which were highly comparable to those of MS methods (P > 0.05). Overall, with more rigorous optimization and matrix effect eliminated, the standardized procedure in this study enabled SPE-ELISA to achieve high-quality quantification results. Considering the high throughputs, simple procedure, and low installation costs of SPE-ELISA, it could be a promising alternative for quantifying ambient antibiotics.
{"title":"Developing a standardized procedure for SPE-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to provide high-quality quantification of ambient antibiotics","authors":"Yun Yang , Lulu Li , Jinxin Wang , Jiahao Ouyang , Yu Quan , Sijie Chen , Chunzhao Chen , Wei Ouyang , Gang Yu , Li Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.06.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trade-off between quality and difficulty is a challenge when quantifying ambient antibiotics at trace levels. Compared with the precise yet complicate methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offer a simple alternative. While some studies applied it on quantifying environmental pollutants, diverse optimization procedures were employed and matrix effects were not well-addressed. Here, the quantification capability of solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ELISA on ambient antibiotics was evaluated using a newly developed standardized procedure. SPE-ELISA first underwent more rigorous optimization using an overall performance index and three-dimensional recovery response surface. A series of quantitative indicators including precision (relative standard deviation reached 0.3 %), sensitivity (a minimal of 3.8 ng/L variation can be distinguished), limit of detection (0.3 µg/L without pretreatment), and recoveries (> 90 %) of SPE-ELISA were achieved and the corresponding conditions were revealed. To eliminate matrix effects, the standard addition method was adopted. This approach, coupled with the linearization of the nonlinear calibration curve, yielded highly accurate (errors of 9 % and 5.2 %) and reliable (standard deviation of 0.49 and 0.61) results on measuring simulated surface and wastewaters with 5 ng/L and 10 ng/L sulfamethoxazole, which were highly comparable to those of MS methods (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Overall, with more rigorous optimization and matrix effect eliminated, the standardized procedure in this study enabled SPE-ELISA to achieve high-quality quantification results. Considering the high throughputs, simple procedure, and low installation costs of SPE-ELISA, it could be a promising alternative for quantifying ambient antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 670-676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.001
Cheng Ji , Chenchen Zhao , Shutao Wang , Qinggang Meng , Huiwei Zhao , Yifan Li , Duo Li , Mingzhen Xing , Shiming Su , Bing Han , Wei Liu
The rapid development of agriculture poses significant challenges to carbon sequestration and sustainable agriculture due to frequent plowing cultivation, has resulted in a notable decline in soil quality. The application of carbon materials is regarded as a synergistic and effective approach for conserving organic carbon, increasing microbial activity, and promoting plant growth. To explore whether oxychar can serve as a substitute for traditional biochar (HBC) in enhancing soil carbon sequestration, a method combining a 680-day field experiment with a pot experiment was adopted to assess the impacts of oxychar on soil carbon sequestration, microbial communities, and rape growth. The study revealed that the addition of oxychar reduces soil pH, increases soil electrical conductivity and CO₂ emissions, and achieves carbon sequestration by increasing the content of readily oxidizable organic carbon in the soil. The soil carbon pool management index of the oxychar treatment (131.32) was significantly higher than that of the traditional biochar treatment (101.93), indicating that oxychar has higher ability to improve soil organic carbon quality. Both the oxychar and HBC treatments improved the richness and diversity of the soil bacterial community. However, oxychar indirectly influenced the soil microbial community by increasing soil electrical conductivity and promoted soil carbon sequestration through carbohydrate metabolism. And, oxychar could promote plant growth in many ways. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of oxychar replacing HBC in soil carbon sequestration.
{"title":"Sustainable alternative to biochar: Effects of oxychar on soil carbon sequestration pathway and microbial communities","authors":"Cheng Ji , Chenchen Zhao , Shutao Wang , Qinggang Meng , Huiwei Zhao , Yifan Li , Duo Li , Mingzhen Xing , Shiming Su , Bing Han , Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of agriculture poses significant challenges to carbon sequestration and sustainable agriculture due to frequent plowing cultivation, has resulted in a notable decline in soil quality. The application of carbon materials is regarded as a synergistic and effective approach for conserving organic carbon, increasing microbial activity, and promoting plant growth. To explore whether oxychar can serve as a substitute for traditional biochar (HBC) in enhancing soil carbon sequestration, a method combining a 680-day field experiment with a pot experiment was adopted to assess the impacts of oxychar on soil carbon sequestration, microbial communities, and rape growth. The study revealed that the addition of oxychar reduces soil pH, increases soil electrical conductivity and CO₂ emissions, and achieves carbon sequestration by increasing the content of readily oxidizable organic carbon in the soil. The soil carbon pool management index of the oxychar treatment (131.32) was significantly higher than that of the traditional biochar treatment (101.93), indicating that oxychar has higher ability to improve soil organic carbon quality. Both the oxychar and HBC treatments improved the richness and diversity of the soil bacterial community. However, oxychar indirectly influenced the soil microbial community by increasing soil electrical conductivity and promoted soil carbon sequestration through carbohydrate metabolism. And, oxychar could promote plant growth in many ways. In general, this study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of oxychar replacing HBC in soil carbon sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 823-833"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号