Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.019
Zhen Zhao, Wendan Xiao, Qi Zhang, De Chen, Xuezhu Ye
The coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and Cadmium (Cd) in soil poses a critical yet understudied environmental and agricultural risk, particularly in redox-dynamic paddy systems. This study quantifies the mechanistic interplay between polyethylene (PE) MPs and available Cd under two water management regimes. Results demonstrate that MPs significantly amplify hydroxyl radical (•OH) production in paddy systems, with particle size, concentration, and hydrological regimes driving spatiotemporal dynamics. MPs further altered redox thresholds unpredictably. Pearson’s positive correlation results revealed that photochemical activation of MPs-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Fe(II) governed •OH generation in the overlying water. Small, high-concentration MPs amplified Fe(II) turnover in soils under fluctuating hydrology, driving sustained •OH production, elevating soil available Cd contents by 4.5-fold higher than controls after 30 days (p < 0.05). This study establishes a critical link between MPs contamination and •OH-mediated Cd cycling in paddy ecosystems, highlighting MPs-induced redox dynamics as a linchpin controlling heavy metal availability under variable soil oxygenation. The findings advance predictive frameworks for co-mobility of MPs and metal contaminants, while establishing innovative paradigms for addressing the non-negligible role of •OH in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Dynamic production of hydroxy radicals affects the available Cadmium in paddy soils under microplastic contamination","authors":"Zhen Zhao, Wendan Xiao, Qi Zhang, De Chen, Xuezhu Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and Cadmium (Cd) in soil poses a critical yet understudied environmental and agricultural risk, particularly in redox-dynamic paddy systems. This study quantifies the mechanistic interplay between polyethylene (PE) MPs and available Cd under two water management regimes. Results demonstrate that MPs significantly amplify hydroxyl radical (•OH) production in paddy systems, with particle size, concentration, and hydrological regimes driving spatiotemporal dynamics. MPs further altered redox thresholds unpredictably. Pearson’s positive correlation results revealed that photochemical activation of MPs-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Fe(II) governed •OH generation in the overlying water. Small, high-concentration MPs amplified Fe(II) turnover in soils under fluctuating hydrology, driving sustained •OH production, elevating soil available Cd contents by 4.5-fold higher than controls after 30 days (<em>p</em> < 0.05). This study establishes a critical link between MPs contamination and •OH-mediated Cd cycling in paddy ecosystems, highlighting MPs-induced redox dynamics as a linchpin controlling heavy metal availability under variable soil oxygenation. The findings advance predictive frameworks for co-mobility of MPs and metal contaminants, while establishing innovative paradigms for addressing the non-negligible role of •OH in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 648-657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.033
Jiabin Chen , Guo Li , Jie Liu , Xue Yuan , Gongwen Zhao , Xiaoying Yang , Suzhen Huang , Zheng Zheng
In recent years, the increasing demand for environmentally friendly pesticides in agricultural production has driven the development of novel pesticides characterized by high efficiency, low toxicity, and improved environmental compatibility. Simultaneously, greater emphasis is being placed on evaluating their impact on the soil ecosystem to ensure sustainable pesticide use and the stability of agroecosystems. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis to compare the effects of the novel nematicide trifluenfuronate and the commonly used nematicide fosthiazate on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure, and metabolic functions in cucumber cultivation soils. Results showed that soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and diversity exhibited the most significant differences on day 7 following nematicide application but stabilized by day 100. Both nematicide type and concentration were key factors influencing bacterial community structure. Compared to fosthiazate, trifluenfuronate more significantly enhanced soil bacterial community abundance while exerting fewer negative impacts on related enzyme activities and KEGG pathways. In addition, fosthiazate preferentially regulated membrane-associated efflux genes, whereas trifluenfuronate primarily interfered with the transcriptional regulation of target genes to mitigate antibiotic stress. These alterations in microbial community structure and function led to changes in soil nutrient bioavailability. This made the trifluenfuronate treatment group have higher available nitrogen and phosphorus content to supply to cucumber. This research contributes to understanding their ecological effects and paves the way for future sustainable pesticide research.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of novel nematicide trifluenfuronate and fosthiazate on soil ecosystem: from microbial community structure to KEGG functional pathways","authors":"Jiabin Chen , Guo Li , Jie Liu , Xue Yuan , Gongwen Zhao , Xiaoying Yang , Suzhen Huang , Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the increasing demand for environmentally friendly pesticides in agricultural production has driven the development of novel pesticides characterized by high efficiency, low toxicity, and improved environmental compatibility. Simultaneously, greater emphasis is being placed on evaluating their impact on the soil ecosystem to ensure sustainable pesticide use and the stability of agroecosystems. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis to compare the effects of the novel nematicide trifluenfuronate and the commonly used nematicide fosthiazate on soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community structure, and metabolic functions in cucumber cultivation soils. Results showed that soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and diversity exhibited the most significant differences on day 7 following nematicide application but stabilized by day 100. Both nematicide type and concentration were key factors influencing bacterial community structure. Compared to fosthiazate, trifluenfuronate more significantly enhanced soil bacterial community abundance while exerting fewer negative impacts on related enzyme activities and KEGG pathways. In addition, fosthiazate preferentially regulated membrane-associated efflux genes, whereas trifluenfuronate primarily interfered with the transcriptional regulation of target genes to mitigate antibiotic stress. These alterations in microbial community structure and function led to changes in soil nutrient bioavailability. This made the trifluenfuronate treatment group have higher available nitrogen and phosphorus content to supply to cucumber. This research contributes to understanding their ecological effects and paves the way for future sustainable pesticide research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.001
Honglin Guo , Yangyang Guo , Lei Luo , Yifan Zhang , Yanxi Deng , Tingyu Zhu
Selective catalytic reduction of ammonia (NH3-SCR) and CO oxidation are both common reactions used to remove NOx and CO. However, developing a bifunctional catalyst that can efficiently catalyze both reactions simultaneously remains challenging. In this study, a series of copper-based zeolite catalysts (xCu/Beta and xCu/ZSM-5) were synthesized, and the 5Cu/Beta catalyst exhibited the best performance for the simultaneous removal of NOx and CO, achieving conversion rates of 85 % and 100 %, respectively, at 275 °C. A series of experiments and characterizations were conducted to investigate the active sites of the catalysts. The results revealed that isolated Cu²⁺ species and CuOx clusters serve as the main active sites for NH3-SCR and CO oxidation, respectively. Copper-based zeolite catalysts demonstrate good low-temperature NH3-SCR activity, which is attributed to a suitable number of weakly acidic centers and the ability to convert NO to adsorbed NO2. Compared to Cu/ZSM-5, Cu/Beta exhibits a higher proportion of Cu⁺ species, a more uniform distribution of CuOx clusters, and superior redox properties. This results in stronger CO adsorption and activation. This work presents a novel approach to the synergistic control of gaseous pollutants using copper-based zeolite catalysts.
{"title":"Influence of zeolite support on the synergistic reactions between NH3-SCR and CO oxidation over Cu-based catalysts","authors":"Honglin Guo , Yangyang Guo , Lei Luo , Yifan Zhang , Yanxi Deng , Tingyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic reduction of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR) and CO oxidation are both common reactions used to remove NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> and CO. However, developing a bifunctional catalyst that can efficiently catalyze both reactions simultaneously remains challenging. In this study, a series of copper-based zeolite catalysts (<em>x</em>Cu/Beta and <em>x</em>Cu/ZSM-5) were synthesized, and the 5Cu/Beta catalyst exhibited the best performance for the simultaneous removal of NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> and CO, achieving conversion rates of 85 % and 100 %, respectively, at 275 °C. A series of experiments and characterizations were conducted to investigate the active sites of the catalysts. The results revealed that isolated Cu²⁺ species and CuO<sub>x</sub> clusters serve as the main active sites for NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR and CO oxidation, respectively. Copper-based zeolite catalysts demonstrate good low-temperature NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR activity, which is attributed to a suitable number of weakly acidic centers and the ability to convert NO to adsorbed NO<sub>2</sub>. Compared to Cu/ZSM-5, Cu/Beta exhibits a higher proportion of Cu⁺ species, a more uniform distribution of CuO<sub>x</sub> clusters, and superior redox properties. This results in stronger CO adsorption and activation. This work presents a novel approach to the synergistic control of gaseous pollutants using copper-based zeolite catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.034
Chen Chen , Zongguo Wen , Ni Sheng , Qingbin Song
Land use changes reshape the generation and transport patterns of nitrogen (N) entering the water environment from both natural and anthropogenic activities, by altering the type and intensity of N-emitting activities and the retention effect on N in surface runoff that traverses the land. This study develops an integrated methodological framework that combines N flow analysis, geospatial analysis, land use change prediction, and nutrient transport simulation to analyze the spatial patterns of waterborne N emissions under various land use scenarios, considering different future land structures and the implementation of riparian buffers as artificial interventions. Using the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case, we find that all land use scenarios in 2030 and 2040 involve the expansion of impervious land and the reduction of forest and water, with only the Ecological Conservation scenario resulting in a minimal loss of forest. Direct N emissions to water account for >85 % of the total waterborne N emissions, while indirect N emissions from diffuse sources exhibit an export rate of around 16 %. By 2040, the Ecological Conservation scenario preserves 511 km² more arable land compared to the Economic Development scenario, while also achieving a reduction of 870 t of N export. This benefit is particularly significant for highly urbanized cities. Riparian buffers are critical areas for reforestation with an estimated reduction of approximately 6.9 t N for every additional km² of riparian forest. The findings offer land management strategies for mitigating waterborne N emissions in fast-urbanizing city clusters.
{"title":"Influence of future land use change on waterborne nitrogen emissions: A case study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area","authors":"Chen Chen , Zongguo Wen , Ni Sheng , Qingbin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use changes reshape the generation and transport patterns of nitrogen (N) entering the water environment from both natural and anthropogenic activities, by altering the type and intensity of N-emitting activities and the retention effect on N in surface runoff that traverses the land. This study develops an integrated methodological framework that combines N flow analysis, geospatial analysis, land use change prediction, and nutrient transport simulation to analyze the spatial patterns of waterborne N emissions under various land use scenarios, considering different future land structures and the implementation of riparian buffers as artificial interventions. Using the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as a case, we find that all land use scenarios in 2030 and 2040 involve the expansion of impervious land and the reduction of forest and water, with only the Ecological Conservation scenario resulting in a minimal loss of forest. Direct N emissions to water account for >85 % of the total waterborne N emissions, while indirect N emissions from diffuse sources exhibit an export rate of around 16 %. By 2040, the Ecological Conservation scenario preserves 511 km² more arable land compared to the Economic Development scenario, while also achieving a reduction of 870 t of N export. This benefit is particularly significant for highly urbanized cities. Riparian buffers are critical areas for reforestation with an estimated reduction of approximately 6.9 t N for every additional km² of riparian forest. The findings offer land management strategies for mitigating waterborne N emissions in fast-urbanizing city clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.058
Sudhir K. Upadhyay , Prabhat K. Chauhan , Vishnu D. Rajput , Wenjing Dong , Saglara S. Mandzhieva , Yufei Zhao , Tatiana Minkina
Hyperaccumulation of toxic heavy metals (THMs) by plants are extensively examined at the global level and considered a bioremediation strategy. The ability of hyperaccumulator plants (HPs) heavily depends on phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation and rhizoremediation. The efficacy of HPs is significantly enhanced by their association with rhizospheric microbes. HPs utilizes the unique characteristics of root-associated microbes including secondary metabolites, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, phytochelatins and other substances. Despite this potential, field scale bioremediation strategies are still not effective in removing THMs from contaminated sites. The plant’s root exudates and microbe-based secondary metabolites have the capacity to remove THMs through specific gene expression. The advent of Clustered-Regularly-Interspaced-Short-Palindromic-Repeats (CRISPR) technology enables the targeted editing of genes in both plants and root-associated microbes. This allows researchers to investigate and optimize hyperaccumulator mechanisms, manipulate the production of key biochemical compound and induce HP mechanisms. The genetic advances in manipulating microbes, regulation of root exudates, factors and soil additive agents integrates in maintaining rhizospheric engineering to increase THM removal. This synergistic approach helps to restore soil health, food and nutritional quality to effectively reclaim THM sites. The present review comprehensively addressed the outcomes of extensive research on bioremediation and highlights the advancement in THM removal through advance genetic editing and nanobiotechnology. This article introduces the “Bioremediation 1.0–3.0″ paradigm, which combines traditional phytoremediation with new methods including omics, CRISPR and nanobiotechnology. Key opportunities include deploying gene-edited plants, microbe-nanomaterial complexes and integrated rhizospheric engineering for sustainable clean-up, soil restoration and food security. These initiatives will provide adaptable, sustainable and successful solutions for reducing hazardous heavy metals, improving soil health, safeguarding food systems and protecting ecosystems.
{"title":"Advancement in bioremediation of heavy metals in sustainable way: A critical evaluation on current findings and future prospects","authors":"Sudhir K. Upadhyay , Prabhat K. Chauhan , Vishnu D. Rajput , Wenjing Dong , Saglara S. Mandzhieva , Yufei Zhao , Tatiana Minkina","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperaccumulation of toxic heavy metals (THMs) by plants are extensively examined at the global level and considered a bioremediation strategy. The ability of hyperaccumulator plants (HPs) heavily depends on phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytodegradation and rhizoremediation. The efficacy of HPs is significantly enhanced by their association with rhizospheric microbes. HPs utilizes the unique characteristics of root-associated microbes including secondary metabolites, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, phytochelatins and other substances. Despite this potential, field scale bioremediation strategies are still not effective in removing THMs from contaminated sites. The plant’s root exudates and microbe-based secondary metabolites have the capacity to remove THMs through specific gene expression. The advent of Clustered-Regularly-Interspaced-Short-Palindromic-Repeats (CRISPR) technology enables the targeted editing of genes in both plants and root-associated microbes. This allows researchers to investigate and optimize hyperaccumulator mechanisms, manipulate the production of key biochemical compound and induce HP mechanisms. The genetic advances in manipulating microbes, regulation of root exudates, factors and soil additive agents integrates in maintaining rhizospheric engineering to increase THM removal. This synergistic approach helps to restore soil health, food and nutritional quality to effectively reclaim THM sites. The present review comprehensively addressed the outcomes of extensive research on bioremediation and highlights the advancement in THM removal through advance genetic editing and nanobiotechnology. This article introduces the “Bioremediation 1.0–3.0″ paradigm, which combines traditional phytoremediation with new methods including omics, CRISPR and nanobiotechnology. Key opportunities include deploying gene-edited plants, microbe-nanomaterial complexes and integrated rhizospheric engineering for sustainable clean-up, soil restoration and food security. These initiatives will provide adaptable, sustainable and successful solutions for reducing hazardous heavy metals, improving soil health, safeguarding food systems and protecting ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 771-791"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.005
Jiaojiao Xie , Jian Han , Yanming Liu , Birget Moe , Qiming Shen , Tongtong Xiang , Chun-Gang Yuan , Xing-Fang Li
Water disinfection unintentionally produces hundreds of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although the cytotoxicity of over 100 DBPs has been extensively studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, toxicity data in human cell models remain limited. Given the epidemiological association of DBPs with bladder cancer risk, it is necessary to conduct studies using cell lines that exhibit biological characteristics resembling human bladder cells, e.g., the immortalized human uroepithelium SV-HUC-1 cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 14 regulated and unregulated DBPs in SV-HUC-1 and CHO-K1 cells was examined in parallel using a real-time cell analysis (RTCA) platform. SV-HUC-1 cells exhibited greater sensitivity to eight DBPs than CHO-K1 cells. Notably, iodoacetic acid (IAA) and bromoacetic acid (BAA) were significantly more cytotoxic to SV-HUC-1 cells than iodoacetonitrile (IAN) and bromoacetonitrile (BAN), whereas the reverse trend was observed in CHO-K1 cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that only IAN and BAN induced G2/M phase arrest in SV-HUC-1 cells. In contrast, in CHO-K1 cells, IAN caused G2/M arrest, BAN and CAN induced G0/G1 arrest, and IAA and BAA arrested cells in the S phase. Morphological assessments showed that SV-HUC-1 cells aggregated upon exposure to monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs), while exposure to monohaloacetonitriles (monoHANs) led to cell shrinkage and nuclear lysis. CHO-K1 cells maintained a spindle-shaped morphology with reduced size under monoHAA exposure, whereas monoHAN treatment induced an elliptical shape, with a notable subset transitioning to hypertrophic hyperploidy. These findings highlight cell- and DBP-specific toxic effects, stressing the need to include human cell lines in future DBP toxicity assessments.
{"title":"Distinct cytotoxicity of water disinfection byproducts in human uroepithelium and Chinese hamster ovary cells","authors":"Jiaojiao Xie , Jian Han , Yanming Liu , Birget Moe , Qiming Shen , Tongtong Xiang , Chun-Gang Yuan , Xing-Fang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water disinfection unintentionally produces hundreds of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although the cytotoxicity of over 100 DBPs has been extensively studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, toxicity data in human cell models remain limited. Given the epidemiological association of DBPs with bladder cancer risk, it is necessary to conduct studies using cell lines that exhibit biological characteristics resembling human bladder cells, e.g., the immortalized human uroepithelium SV-HUC-1 cells. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 14 regulated and unregulated DBPs in SV-HUC-1 and CHO-K1 cells was examined in parallel using a real-time cell analysis (RTCA) platform. SV-HUC-1 cells exhibited greater sensitivity to eight DBPs than CHO-K1 cells. Notably, iodoacetic acid (IAA) and bromoacetic acid (BAA) were significantly more cytotoxic to SV-HUC-1 cells than iodoacetonitrile (IAN) and bromoacetonitrile (BAN), whereas the reverse trend was observed in CHO-K1 cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that only IAN and BAN induced G2/M phase arrest in SV-HUC-1 cells. In contrast, in CHO-K1 cells, IAN caused G2/M arrest, BAN and CAN induced G0/G1 arrest, and IAA and BAA arrested cells in the S phase. Morphological assessments showed that SV-HUC-1 cells aggregated upon exposure to monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs), while exposure to monohaloacetonitriles (monoHANs) led to cell shrinkage and nuclear lysis. CHO-K1 cells maintained a spindle-shaped morphology with reduced size under monoHAA exposure, whereas monoHAN treatment induced an elliptical shape, with a notable subset transitioning to hypertrophic hyperploidy. These findings highlight cell- and DBP-specific toxic effects, stressing the need to include human cell lines in future DBP toxicity assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 792-802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.063
Yujing Zhao , Ling Weng , Zhenxing Chi
The novel perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) was found in various environments showing even higher levels than PFOS. However, its neurotoxicity and the possible molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a critical enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and regulates nerve conduction. With zebrafish as the model animal and AChE as the target, this study comparatively investigated the in vitro and in vivo neurotoxicity of PFOS and F-53B, uncovering possible induced mechanisms. Our results indicated PFOS and F-53B could increase AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity in zebrafish brain, whereas the induced effect of F-53B lasted longer than PFOS. We found that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms underlying PFOS and F-53B neurotoxicity. PFOS and F-53B loosened the AChE protein skeleton, thereby changing the AChE secondary structure. F-53B exhibited greater effects on the secondary structure content than PFOS. PFOS and F-53B showed approximately one binding site on AChE, spontaneously binding to various AChE amino acid residues through different forces. In contrast, the hydrogen bond distance formed by PFOS was longer, resulting in a weaker binding force to AChE than F-53B The study expands our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying PFOS and F-53B neurotoxicity and offers novel insights into the safety of PFOS substitutes.
{"title":"Comparative neurotoxicities of PFOS and its alternative F-53B based on acetylcholinesterase","authors":"Yujing Zhao , Ling Weng , Zhenxing Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative, 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) was found in various environments showing even higher levels than PFOS. However, its neurotoxicity and the possible molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a critical enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and regulates nerve conduction. With zebrafish as the model animal and AChE as the target, this study comparatively investigated the <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> neurotoxicity of PFOS and F-53B, uncovering possible induced mechanisms. Our results indicated PFOS and F-53B could increase AChE activity to induce neurotoxicity in zebrafish brain, whereas the induced effect of F-53B lasted longer than PFOS. We found that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms underlying PFOS and F-53B neurotoxicity. PFOS and F-53B loosened the AChE protein skeleton, thereby changing the AChE secondary structure. F-53B exhibited greater effects on the secondary structure content than PFOS. PFOS and F-53B showed approximately one binding site on AChE, spontaneously binding to various AChE amino acid residues through different forces. In contrast, the hydrogen bond distance formed by PFOS was longer, resulting in a weaker binding force to AChE than F-53B The study expands our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying PFOS and F-53B neurotoxicity and offers novel insights into the safety of PFOS substitutes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 376-387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.035
Rui-Qi Zhang , Cui-Ling Huang , Ling-Xiu Zhou , Rong-Liang Qiu , Chong Liu , Antony van der Ent , Jean-Louis Morel , Wen-Shen Liu , Ye-Tao Tang
Phytolacca americana is a known rare earth element (REE) hyperaccumulator, notable for its high biomass and rapid growth rate. However, its capacity to tolerate and accumulate REEs under high-exposure conditions is relatively limited, which restricts its utilization in agromining on soils heavily contaminated with REEs. Silicon (Si) has been shown to effectively mitigate metal(loid)s stress in various plants, and to promote REE tolerance in the well-known hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris linearis. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si on REE agromining using P. americana and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results show that foliar Si application significantly increases the REEs accumulation of P. americana by as much as 73.6 % and 172.4 % in hydroponic and pot experiments respectively. Notably, Si application enhances the retention of REEs within the cell walls, primarily through the formation of silicate particles and / or modifications of the cell walls. Transcriptome analysis indicates that foliar Si application initially mitigates the toxicity of REEs by inducing an upregulation of genes associated with stress response and antioxidant enzymes, which facilitates the rapid elimination of accumulated reactive oxygen species. With increasing Si application, the abnormal overexpression of stress response genes, as well as genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and cell division, is alleviated, further implying that the entry of REE into the cytoplasm can be effectively hindered. This study shows that foliar Si application represents a potentially cost-efficiency agronomic practice for improvement of REE agromining using P. americana.
{"title":"Foliar silicon application enhances rare earth element accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana","authors":"Rui-Qi Zhang , Cui-Ling Huang , Ling-Xiu Zhou , Rong-Liang Qiu , Chong Liu , Antony van der Ent , Jean-Louis Morel , Wen-Shen Liu , Ye-Tao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phytolacca americana</em> is a known rare earth element (REE) hyperaccumulator, notable for its high biomass and rapid growth rate. However, its capacity to tolerate and accumulate REEs under high-exposure conditions is relatively limited, which restricts its utilization in agromining on soils heavily contaminated with REEs. Silicon (Si) has been shown to effectively mitigate metal(loid)s stress in various plants, and to promote REE tolerance in the well-known hyperaccumulator fern <em>Dicranopteris linearis</em>. This study aimed to assess the effects of Si on REE agromining using <em>P. americana</em> and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results show that foliar Si application significantly increases the REEs accumulation of <em>P. americana</em> by as much as 73.6 % and 172.4 % in hydroponic and pot experiments respectively. Notably, Si application enhances the retention of REEs within the cell walls, primarily through the formation of silicate particles and / or modifications of the cell walls. Transcriptome analysis indicates that foliar Si application initially mitigates the toxicity of REEs by inducing an upregulation of genes associated with stress response and antioxidant enzymes, which facilitates the rapid elimination of accumulated reactive oxygen species. With increasing Si application, the abnormal overexpression of stress response genes, as well as genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and cell division, is alleviated, further implying that the entry of REE into the cytoplasm can be effectively hindered. This study shows that foliar Si application represents a potentially cost-efficiency agronomic practice for improvement of REE agromining using <em>P. americana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.061
Hongyan Zhang , Zhimin Yuan , Xingling Zhao , Xianglin Zhu , Haiquan Wang , Ying Luo , Zheng Wang , Zaiyong Jiang
This review delves into the burgeoning field of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysis, offering a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements. It first examines the structural and electronic properties of g-C3N4, and further explores how these intrinsic characteristics regulate its performance in light-driven reactions. Despite its potential, g-C3N4 faces hurdles such as restricted visible-light absorption and suboptimal charge carrier dynamics. To this end, the review outlines innovative strategies to enhance its light-harvesting and charge-transport capabilities, including defect engineering, bandgap modulation, and the design of nanostructured architectures. Moreover, it highlights the critical importance of developing scalable synthesis protocols that strike a balance between efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Finally, future research perspectives are presented, with a specific emphasis on unlocking the full application potential of g-C3N4 in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
{"title":"Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts for sustainable energy and environmental remediation: Performance optimization and future perspectives","authors":"Hongyan Zhang , Zhimin Yuan , Xingling Zhao , Xianglin Zhu , Haiquan Wang , Ying Luo , Zheng Wang , Zaiyong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.08.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review delves into the burgeoning field of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) photocatalysis, offering a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements. It first examines the structural and electronic properties of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and further explores how these intrinsic characteristics regulate its performance in light-driven reactions. Despite its potential, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> faces hurdles such as restricted visible-light absorption and suboptimal charge carrier dynamics. To this end, the review outlines innovative strategies to enhance its light-harvesting and charge-transport capabilities, including defect engineering, bandgap modulation, and the design of nanostructured architectures. Moreover, it highlights the critical importance of developing scalable synthesis protocols that strike a balance between efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Finally, future research perspectives are presented, with a specific emphasis on unlocking the full application potential of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 59-75"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.051
Gen Zhang , Jiyun Xian , Xue Yang , Ouyang Li , Guolan Fan , Jinhe Wang , Zhiyong Xia , Luhong Gao , Yanmei Jiang
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) regulate secondary pollutant formation by controlling both atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) intensity and ROx cycling efficiency. However, their dynamic mechanisms under varying seasonal and pollution conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, the seasonal variations in AOC and radical chemistry under contrasting pollution scenarios were quantified based on the synchronized measurements of VOCs and other trace gases in Jinan, China. Severe ozone pollution was identified in summer with 8 h average ozone (O3) levels exceeding the Chinese national ambient air quality on 22 days (or 73.3 % in frequency). Winter haze episodes (38.7 % in frequency) exhibited significant PM2.5 accumulation alongside pronounced VOCs enhancement. VOCs exhibited marked seasonal divergence: summer pollution depleted alkanes (-23 %) but enriched oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, +28 %) through photochemical processing, whereas winter conditions amplified primary VOCs emissions. AOC confirmed summer dominance, with an average value of 1.6 × 107 molecules/(cm3·s), exceeding winter AOC values by 7–8 folds. OH reactivity analysis further distinguished seasonal drivers, with OVOCs accounting for 34 % of summer OH depletion versus NO2/CO-dominated consumption (61.2 %) in winter. HCHO/OVOCs photolysis contributed 65 %–89 % to HO2/RO2 production in summer (54 %-56 % in winter), whilst OH generation primarily originated from HONO photolysis (38 %-44 % in winter) and O3 dissociation (59 %-74 % in summer). Summer pollution episodes intensified radical cycling, as evidenced via accelerated summer OH production rates during pollution days.
{"title":"Observational and modelled insights of volatile organic compounds into seasonal atmospheric oxidation capacity and radical chemistry over North China","authors":"Gen Zhang , Jiyun Xian , Xue Yang , Ouyang Li , Guolan Fan , Jinhe Wang , Zhiyong Xia , Luhong Gao , Yanmei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.10.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) regulate secondary pollutant formation by controlling both atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC) intensity and RO<sub>x</sub> cycling efficiency. However, their dynamic mechanisms under varying seasonal and pollution conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, the seasonal variations in AOC and radical chemistry under contrasting pollution scenarios were quantified based on the synchronized measurements of VOCs and other trace gases in Jinan, China. Severe ozone pollution was identified in summer with 8 h average ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) levels exceeding the Chinese national ambient air quality on 22 days (or 73.3 % in frequency). Winter haze episodes (38.7 % in frequency) exhibited significant PM<sub>2.5</sub> accumulation alongside pronounced VOCs enhancement. VOCs exhibited marked seasonal divergence: summer pollution depleted alkanes (-23 %) but enriched oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, +28 %) through photochemical processing, whereas winter conditions amplified primary VOCs emissions. AOC confirmed summer dominance, with an average value of 1.6 × 10<sup>7</sup> molecules/(cm<sup>3</sup>·s), exceeding winter AOC values by 7–8 folds. OH reactivity analysis further distinguished seasonal drivers, with OVOCs accounting for 34 % of summer OH depletion versus NO<sub>2</sub>/CO-dominated consumption (61.2 %) in winter. HCHO/OVOCs photolysis contributed 65 %–89 % to HO<sub>2</sub>/RO<sub>2</sub> production in summer (54 %-56 % in winter), whilst OH generation primarily originated from HONO photolysis (38 %-44 % in winter) and O<sub>3</sub> dissociation (59 %-74 % in summer). Summer pollution episodes intensified radical cycling, as evidenced via accelerated summer OH production rates during pollution days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"163 ","pages":"Pages 48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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