Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.046
Zhentao Wu , Hui Liu , Fan Yang , Rui Ran , Huimin Yu , Haonan Xu , Danyun Chen , Geng Wang , Xiaobing Pang
Shallow lakes are recognized as significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet long-term measurements and predictions of GHG fluxes from these ecosystems remain limited. Here, we systematically investigated the temporal dynamics of GHG fluxes and the underlying drivers in a shallow lake in Zhejiang Province, Yangtze River Delta, China, using the static floating chamber method. The annual average fluxes were positive, implying the lake is a substantial carbon source, with CO2 fluxes of 10.83 ± 11.25 mmol/(m2·day) and CH4 fluxes of 1.64 ± 0.96 mmol/(m2·day). Principal component analysis identified air temperature and pressure as key meteorological drivers influencing water quality and GHG fluxes. Combining multiple linear regression models, we predict GHG fluxes from water bodies in China under low, medium and high carbon emissions scenarios for the years 2030 and 2060, providing important insights for predicting greenhouse gas fluxes from water bodies during China's carbon neutrality period. Our predictions suggest that water bodies in the Tibetan Plateau will become an intense GHG source, exacerbated by fragile ecosystems and abundant water resources. Additionally, CH4 fluxes from southern China’s water bodies are expected to rise notably with higher emissions scenario, likely driven by rapid warming and intensified anaerobic fermentation in rice paddies. These findings highlight the significant potentials for GHG emissions from water bodies during China’s carbon neutrality period and underscore the importance of water quality management to mitigate these emissions.
{"title":"Drivers of CO2 and CH4 fluxes from shallow lakes and prediction based on climate factors under global warming","authors":"Zhentao Wu , Hui Liu , Fan Yang , Rui Ran , Huimin Yu , Haonan Xu , Danyun Chen , Geng Wang , Xiaobing Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow lakes are recognized as significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet long-term measurements and predictions of GHG fluxes from these ecosystems remain limited. Here, we systematically investigated the temporal dynamics of GHG fluxes and the underlying drivers in a shallow lake in Zhejiang Province, Yangtze River Delta, China, using the static floating chamber method. The annual average fluxes were positive, implying the lake is a substantial carbon source, with CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes of 10.83 ± 11.25 mmol/(m<sup>2</sup>·day) and CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes of 1.64 ± 0.96 mmol/(m<sup>2</sup>·day). Principal component analysis identified air temperature and pressure as key meteorological drivers influencing water quality and GHG fluxes. Combining multiple linear regression models, we predict GHG fluxes from water bodies in China under low, medium and high carbon emissions scenarios for the years 2030 and 2060, providing important insights for predicting greenhouse gas fluxes from water bodies during China's carbon neutrality period. Our predictions suggest that water bodies in the Tibetan Plateau will become an intense GHG source, exacerbated by fragile ecosystems and abundant water resources. Additionally, CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes from southern China’s water bodies are expected to rise notably with higher emissions scenario, likely driven by rapid warming and intensified anaerobic fermentation in rice paddies. These findings highlight the significant potentials for GHG emissions from water bodies during China’s carbon neutrality period and underscore the importance of water quality management to mitigate these emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 794-802"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.041
Ya Zhu , Yiping Li , Yu Chen , Can Wang , Ronghui Li , Eyram Norgbey , Yue Pan , Yaning Wang
This study investigated sediment phosphorus (P) release and transformation in a drinking water reservoir under extreme water-level drawdowns in southern China. We characterized the daily changes in surface water quality of Tianbao Reservoir from the normal year 2019 to the extreme drought year 2021. Field sampling was performed in summer and winter during different water level periods, and the temporal dynamics of P fractions, dissolved oxygen (DO), and P distributions in sediments were analyzed using sequential extraction, high-resolution planar optode and diffusive gradients in thin films methods. Results revealed that during the extreme drought year, the weakened thermal stratification was more susceptible to disruption, leading to different conditions at the sediment-water interface. Storm runoff temporarily destroyed summer stratification, triggering resuspension of anoxic sediments, which resulted in a synchronized increase in nitrogen (N) and P concentrations and short-term hypoxia in the surface water. Total P and phosphates contents decreased in surface sediments, while iron-bound P fraction increased. Positive diffusion fluxes of P indicated that reservoir sediment consistently served as a P source even during the low-water periods with sediment DO penetration depth over 50.0 mm. It was concluded that extreme drawdowns transformed P limitation to N and P co-limitation, and endogenous P release induced by summer sediment resuspension and winter overturn continuously stimulated primary production in this reservoir. Therefore, this study provides a scientific basis for managing water quality in reservoirs undergoing extreme drought.
{"title":"Phosphorus release from sediments of a drinking water reservoir under the influence of extreme water-level drawdowns","authors":"Ya Zhu , Yiping Li , Yu Chen , Can Wang , Ronghui Li , Eyram Norgbey , Yue Pan , Yaning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated sediment phosphorus (P) release and transformation in a drinking water reservoir under extreme water-level drawdowns in southern China. We characterized the daily changes in surface water quality of Tianbao Reservoir from the normal year 2019 to the extreme drought year 2021. Field sampling was performed in summer and winter during different water level periods, and the temporal dynamics of P fractions, dissolved oxygen (DO), and P distributions in sediments were analyzed using sequential extraction, high-resolution planar optode and diffusive gradients in thin films methods. Results revealed that during the extreme drought year, the weakened thermal stratification was more susceptible to disruption, leading to different conditions at the sediment-water interface. Storm runoff temporarily destroyed summer stratification, triggering resuspension of anoxic sediments, which resulted in a synchronized increase in nitrogen (N) and P concentrations and short-term hypoxia in the surface water. Total P and phosphates contents decreased in surface sediments, while iron-bound P fraction increased. Positive diffusion fluxes of P indicated that reservoir sediment consistently served as a P source even during the low-water periods with sediment DO penetration depth over 50.0 mm. It was concluded that extreme drawdowns transformed P limitation to N and P co-limitation, and endogenous P release induced by summer sediment resuspension and winter overturn continuously stimulated primary production in this reservoir. Therefore, this study provides a scientific basis for managing water quality in reservoirs undergoing extreme drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.040
Xueman Ding , Li Liu , Zhaochun Liu , Shurui Zuo , Yu Huang , Yizhong Yan , Shangzhi Xu , Ping Yao , Menghuan Xiao , Chengxian Dong , Chulin Yan , Xiaoyu Song , Yuanyuan Li , Jiaolong Ma , Qiang Niu
Exposure to metal mixtures has been associated with increased hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) risk, but evidence in northwestern China concerning the impact of environmental metals exposure on HDP risk remains limited. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between multi-metal exposure and HDP among pregnant women in northwestern China. We conducted a case-control study from January 2023 to May 2024 involving 94 pregnant women with newly diagnosed HDP and 188 controls. Plasma concentrations of 23 metals were measured. Single-metal models and multiple metal mixture models, including logistics regression, variable selection, weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile g-computation (Q-gcomp), and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, were fitted to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal concentrations on HDP. After adjusted for potential confounders, single-metal models revealed significant associations with HDP risk: positive associations for rubidium (Rb) (odds ratio (OR)=2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 3.67), thallium (Tl) (OR=1.95, 95 % CI: 1.21, 3.14), cesium (Cs) (OR=1.87, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.94), and manganese (Mn) (OR=2.25, 95 % CI: 1.30, 3.87), and a negative association for cobalt (Co) (OR=0.64, 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.95). In multiple-metal models, WQS, Q-gcomp, and BKMR analyses indicated a positive joint effect of the five-metal mixture on HDP, with Rb as the strongest contributor. Interaction analysis showed that high Tl with low Co significantly increased HDP risk. Our findings indicate that both individual and combined exposure to metals during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of HDP. Potential interaction effects between Tl and Co on HDP risk were also observed.
{"title":"Metal mixture exposure and elevated risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: Insights from a case-control study in northwestern China","authors":"Xueman Ding , Li Liu , Zhaochun Liu , Shurui Zuo , Yu Huang , Yizhong Yan , Shangzhi Xu , Ping Yao , Menghuan Xiao , Chengxian Dong , Chulin Yan , Xiaoyu Song , Yuanyuan Li , Jiaolong Ma , Qiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to metal mixtures has been associated with increased hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) risk, but evidence in northwestern China concerning the impact of environmental metals exposure on HDP risk remains limited. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between multi-metal exposure and HDP among pregnant women in northwestern China. We conducted a case-control study from January 2023 to May 2024 involving 94 pregnant women with newly diagnosed HDP and 188 controls. Plasma concentrations of 23 metals were measured. Single-metal models and multiple metal mixture models, including logistics regression, variable selection, weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile g-computation (Q-gcomp), and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, were fitted to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal concentrations on HDP. After adjusted for potential confounders, single-metal models revealed significant associations with HDP risk: positive associations for rubidium (Rb) (odds ratio (OR)=2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 3.67), thallium (Tl) (OR=1.95, 95 % CI: 1.21, 3.14), cesium (Cs) (OR=1.87, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.94), and manganese (Mn) (OR=2.25, 95 % CI: 1.30, 3.87), and a negative association for cobalt (Co) (OR=0.64, 95 % CI: 0.43, 0.95). In multiple-metal models, WQS, Q-gcomp, and BKMR analyses indicated a positive joint effect of the five-metal mixture on HDP, with Rb as the strongest contributor. Interaction analysis showed that high Tl with low Co significantly increased HDP risk. Our findings indicate that both individual and combined exposure to metals during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of HDP. Potential interaction effects between Tl and Co on HDP risk were also observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 486-494"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.034
Jin Qian , Sai Bai , Lan Wu , Mengqi Geng , Guanghao Chen , Feng Jiang
Norfloxacin (NOR), a commonly detected antibiotic in waste activated sludge (WAS), remains understudied in anaerobic digestion (AD). This study investigated the effect of NOR on WAS AD, with corn straw-based biochar modified with MIL-88A(Fe) (BM) added to enhance energy recovery during digestion. Accumulated methane production was inhibited by 41.86 % in the BM-mediated digestion system under 1 mg/L NOR. Moreover, NOR induced the build-up of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), hindering methanogenic pathways subsequently. Microbial community structure was altered, with an enrichment of bacteria responsible for NOR degradation and a 13.20 % reduction in the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens under antibiotic stress. Methanogenesis was inhibited with the expression of related genes and enzymes suppressed. The high enzymatic activities of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) and acetate kinase contributed to the high NOR biodegradation efficiency (88.79 %). Twelve typical antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) types, including multidrug, aminoglycoside, macrolides (MLs), etc., were examined in the AD system. The total abundance of ARGs type and subtype increased under NOR addition, implying ARGs removal was inhibited by NOR stress. Resistance to NOR exposure was primarily associated with antibiotic efflux and alterations in antibiotic target. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) were the mechanistic routes for ARG evolution, with HGT inhibited and VGT promoted following NOR addition. The dominant genus Acinetobacter was the potential host for nearly all ARGs. This study advanced understanding of the impact of NOR on WAS digestion with BM mediation, providing new insights for optimizing WAS digestion.
{"title":"Energy recovery from corn straw-based biochar@MIL-88A(Fe)-mediated anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge under norfloxacin: Metabolism and antibiotic resistance gene fates","authors":"Jin Qian , Sai Bai , Lan Wu , Mengqi Geng , Guanghao Chen , Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Norfloxacin (NOR), a commonly detected antibiotic in waste activated sludge (WAS), remains understudied in anaerobic digestion (AD). This study investigated the effect of NOR on WAS AD, with corn straw-based biochar modified with MIL-88A(Fe) (BM) added to enhance energy recovery during digestion. Accumulated methane production was inhibited by 41.86 % in the BM-mediated digestion system under 1 mg/L NOR. Moreover, NOR induced the build-up of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), hindering methanogenic pathways subsequently. Microbial community structure was altered, with an enrichment of bacteria responsible for NOR degradation and a 13.20 % reduction in the abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens under antibiotic stress. Methanogenesis was inhibited with the expression of related genes and enzymes suppressed. The high enzymatic activities of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) and acetate kinase contributed to the high NOR biodegradation efficiency (88.79 %). Twelve typical antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) types, including multidrug, aminoglycoside, macrolides (MLs), etc., were examined in the AD system. The total abundance of ARGs type and subtype increased under NOR addition, implying ARGs removal was inhibited by NOR stress. Resistance to NOR exposure was primarily associated with antibiotic efflux and alterations in antibiotic target. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer (VGT) were the mechanistic routes for ARG evolution, with HGT inhibited and VGT promoted following NOR addition. The dominant genus <em>Acinetobacter</em> was the potential host for nearly all ARGs. This study advanced understanding of the impact of NOR on WAS digestion with BM mediation, providing new insights for optimizing WAS digestion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 350-359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.033
Tianyang Zhang , Yuchunxi Zheng , Zhenning Luo , Xinli Huang , Xiaomeng Ren , Ruisang Liu , Yunqiao Zeng , Quan Zhou , Zheng Wang , Bin Xu
Drinking water treatment plants produce filter backwash water and sedimentation sludge water during the production process. These waters can be partially recycled back to the intake of the treatment plant but may lead to an accumulated risk of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. This study examined the concentration and structural characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in three production wastewaters—sedimentation sludge water (SSW), sand filter backwash water (SFBW), and activated carbon filter backwash water (ACFBW)—and evaluated their trihalomethane (THM) formation potential and reuse risks. The average dissolved organic carbon concentrations were 4.72 mg C/L (raw water), 5.99 mg C/L (SSW), 5.44 mg C/L (SFBW), and 4.15 mg C/L (ACFBW). The THM formation potential follows a similar trend. Through excitation–emission matrix-parallel factor analysis, it was found that the relative abundance of four decomposed fluorescent components in the bio-activated carbon filter backwash water were significantly different from those in other wastewater, leading to less THM formation during reusing. This indicates that the DOM structural composition, represented by fluorescent components, is crucial for DBP formation during chlorination. Different reuse ratios have no significant effect on the organic fraction of the raw water. For low-risk production wastewater can be fully reused, while for high-risk wastewater need take some pre-treatment measures. Additionally, random forest regression model achieved good performance in predicting THM formation after wastewater reuse (R2=0.819), and the model can be used in predicting THM and other emerging DBP formation.
{"title":"Effects of production wastewater reuse from drinking water treatment plants on organic matter changes and disinfection by-product formation","authors":"Tianyang Zhang , Yuchunxi Zheng , Zhenning Luo , Xinli Huang , Xiaomeng Ren , Ruisang Liu , Yunqiao Zeng , Quan Zhou , Zheng Wang , Bin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drinking water treatment plants produce filter backwash water and sedimentation sludge water during the production process. These waters can be partially recycled back to the intake of the treatment plant but may lead to an accumulated risk of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. This study examined the concentration and structural characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in three production wastewaters—sedimentation sludge water (SSW), sand filter backwash water (SFBW), and activated carbon filter backwash water (ACFBW)—and evaluated their trihalomethane (THM) formation potential and reuse risks. The average dissolved organic carbon concentrations were 4.72 mg C/L (raw water), 5.99 mg C/L (SSW), 5.44 mg C/L (SFBW), and 4.15 mg C/L (ACFBW). The THM formation potential follows a similar trend. Through excitation–emission matrix-parallel factor analysis, it was found that the relative abundance of four decomposed fluorescent components in the bio-activated carbon filter backwash water were significantly different from those in other wastewater, leading to less THM formation during reusing. This indicates that the DOM structural composition, represented by fluorescent components, is crucial for DBP formation during chlorination. Different reuse ratios have no significant effect on the organic fraction of the raw water. For low-risk production wastewater can be fully reused, while for high-risk wastewater need take some pre-treatment measures. Additionally, random forest regression model achieved good performance in predicting THM formation after wastewater reuse (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>=0.819), and the model can be used in predicting THM and other emerging DBP formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 366-375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.021
Yanzhi Wang , Xiangyang Yuan , Tiangang Yuan , Jingwei Zhang , Amos P.K. Tai , Zhaozhong Feng
Over the past two decades, significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China have influenced local meteorology and air quality. Using long-term MODIS data (2001–2021) and a regional atmospheric chemical model, this study reveals that urban expansion and forestation, coupled with cropland reduction, have altered surface energy exchanges. These changes led to increases in 2-meter temperature (T2m), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), reductions in relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) in urban areas. Conversely, forested and rural regions experience smaller changes, with average increases in T2m, PBLH and WS by 0.5 %, 2.5 % and 0.1 %, and a marginal reduction in RH by 0.9 %. The changes in these meteorological conditions are more pronounced at night than during the day, with the maximum increases in T2m and PBLH, and the largest decreases in RH and WS reaching 0.2 °C, 31.1 m, 1.3 % and 0.3 m/s, respectively. Subsequently, LULC changes led to a 22.7 % increase in total biogenic volatile organic compound emissions across the YRD, contributing to a 2.7 % rise in mean O3 concentrations. In contrast, these changes resulted in a 4.8 % reduction in PM2.5 concentrations by 2021. The changes in air pollutant concentrations also exhibit significant diurnal variations with the maximum reduction in PM2.5 (3.6 μg/m3) and increase in O3 (10.0 μg/m3) occurring during nighttime. These findings highlight the need to incorporate LULC effects into urban planning and air pollution control strategies in the YRD region.
{"title":"Impacts of land use/cover changes on local meteorology and air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region of China (2001–2021)","authors":"Yanzhi Wang , Xiangyang Yuan , Tiangang Yuan , Jingwei Zhang , Amos P.K. Tai , Zhaozhong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China have influenced local meteorology and air quality. Using long-term MODIS data (2001–2021) and a regional atmospheric chemical model, this study reveals that urban expansion and forestation, coupled with cropland reduction, have altered surface energy exchanges. These changes led to increases in 2-meter temperature (<em>T</em><sub>2m</sub>), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), reductions in relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) in urban areas. Conversely, forested and rural regions experience smaller changes, with average increases in <em>T</em><sub>2m</sub>, PBLH and WS by 0.5 %, 2.5 % and 0.1 %, and a marginal reduction in RH by 0.9 %. The changes in these meteorological conditions are more pronounced at night than during the day, with the maximum increases in <em>T</em><sub>2m</sub> and PBLH, and the largest decreases in RH and WS reaching 0.2 °C, 31.1 m, 1.3 % and 0.3 m/s, respectively. Subsequently, LULC changes led to a 22.7 % increase in total biogenic volatile organic compound emissions across the YRD, contributing to a 2.7 % rise in mean O<sub>3</sub> concentrations. In contrast, these changes resulted in a 4.8 % reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations by 2021. The changes in air pollutant concentrations also exhibit significant diurnal variations with the maximum reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> (3.6 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) and increase in O<sub>3</sub> (10.0 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) occurring during nighttime. These findings highlight the need to incorporate LULC effects into urban planning and air pollution control strategies in the YRD region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 707-717"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.015
Xunqi Chen , Dong Zhu , Yuling Zheng , Xiaomin Li , Guoxin Sun , Xiaoming Li , Longjun Ding
Viruses are key regulators of the soil microbial community. Lysogenic phages can benefit their microbial hosts by integrating auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) into host genomes. Long-term fertilization can affect soil microbial diversity; however, there is limited knowledge about how viral communities and viral-encoded AMGs respond to long-term fertilization under different land-use types. In this study, the profiles of viral communities and viral-encoded AMGs in adjacent paddy and upland soils receiving different long-term fertilization treatments (no fertilization, chemical/organic fertilization alone, and chemical combined with organic fertilization) were characterized using metavirome sequencing. The diversity and structure of viral communities in paddy soils were less responsive to different fertilization practices than those in upland soils. Moreover, the viral community profiles in the paddy and upland soils were primarily determined by the soil properties (NH4+-N and total manganese, respectively) rather than by the microbial community. Additionally, long-term fertilization, particularly organic fertilization, substantially enriched viral-encoded carbon cycle–related AMGs; however, the processes in which they participated were distinct between the paddy (energy metabolism and biosynthesis) and upland soils (complex carbohydrate decomposition and cell wall synthesis). Given that upland soils had lower nutrient levels and a higher proportion of lysogenic phages than the paddy soils, the upland soil phages were more inclined to adopt “piggyback-the-winner” strategy to make the viruses and hosts mutually beneficial. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into how viral-encoded AMGs affect hosts, further influencing the soil nutrient cycles under long-term fertilization across different land-use types.
{"title":"Responses of viral communities and viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes to long-term fertilization practices under different land-use types","authors":"Xunqi Chen , Dong Zhu , Yuling Zheng , Xiaomin Li , Guoxin Sun , Xiaoming Li , Longjun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viruses are key regulators of the soil microbial community. Lysogenic phages can benefit their microbial hosts by integrating auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) into host genomes. Long-term fertilization can affect soil microbial diversity; however, there is limited knowledge about how viral communities and viral-encoded AMGs respond to long-term fertilization under different land-use types. In this study, the profiles of viral communities and viral-encoded AMGs in adjacent paddy and upland soils receiving different long-term fertilization treatments (no fertilization, chemical/organic fertilization alone, and chemical combined with organic fertilization) were characterized using metavirome sequencing. The diversity and structure of viral communities in paddy soils were less responsive to different fertilization practices than those in upland soils. Moreover, the viral community profiles in the paddy and upland soils were primarily determined by the soil properties (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and total manganese, respectively) rather than by the microbial community. Additionally, long-term fertilization, particularly organic fertilization, substantially enriched viral-encoded carbon cycle–related AMGs; however, the processes in which they participated were distinct between the paddy (energy metabolism and biosynthesis) and upland soils (complex carbohydrate decomposition and cell wall synthesis). Given that upland soils had lower nutrient levels and a higher proportion of lysogenic phages than the paddy soils, the upland soil phages were more inclined to adopt “piggyback-the-winner” strategy to make the viruses and hosts mutually beneficial. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into how viral-encoded AMGs affect hosts, further influencing the soil nutrient cycles under long-term fertilization across different land-use types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 296-306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.011
Li Li , Hai Huang , Pei Hua , Tao Chen , Jin Zhang , Peng Deng , Zongxi Zhao , Bo Yan
Urban rainwater runoff is an important source of nonpoint source pollution due to its transport of diverse contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated derivatives. Importantly, these chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) exhibit elevated toxicological potential compared to their non-halogenated parent compounds. In this study, we proposed an approach that combined multivariate receptor model with integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations and Random Forest model. This method identifies the possible sources and reveals the impact of source apportionment results and environmental driving factors (such as geographical and meteorological data) on pollutant concentrations. Sixteen PAHs and nine Cl-PAHs were detected in 79 runoff samples from all three sites. The ∑16PAHs average concentration (2923.93 to 6071.83 ng/L) was significantly higher than the ∑9Cl-PAHs (384.34 to 1314.73 ng/L). The source apportionment was conducted by positive matrix factorization (PMF), and six potential pollution sources for PAHs and three for Cl-PAHs were quantified. PAHs primarily originate from the combustion of fossil fuels such as traffic, industrial emissions and coal tar, while Cl-PAHs are mainly derived from atmospheric deposition and industrial emissions. Meanwhile, the self‑organizing map classified PAHs and Cl-PAHs into 2 and 3 groups, respectively. The k-means algorithm yielded 4 clusters for runoff samples. Among machine learning models, Random Forest (RF) demonstrated optimal predictive performance and integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations (RF-SHAP) revealed the effects of driving factors on the predicted concentration of PAHs and Cl-PAHs in urban runoff samples.
{"title":"Machine learning combined with the PMF model reveals the sources and driving factors of PAHs and Cl-PAHs in urban runoff","authors":"Li Li , Hai Huang , Pei Hua , Tao Chen , Jin Zhang , Peng Deng , Zongxi Zhao , Bo Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban rainwater runoff is an important source of nonpoint source pollution due to its transport of diverse contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated derivatives. Importantly, these chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) exhibit elevated toxicological potential compared to their non-halogenated parent compounds. In this study, we proposed an approach that combined multivariate receptor model with integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations and Random Forest model. This method identifies the possible sources and reveals the impact of source apportionment results and environmental driving factors (such as geographical and meteorological data) on pollutant concentrations. Sixteen PAHs and nine Cl-PAHs were detected in 79 runoff samples from all three sites. The ∑<sub>16</sub>PAHs average concentration (2923.93 to 6071.83 ng/L) was significantly higher than the ∑<sub>9</sub>Cl-PAHs (384.34 to 1314.73 ng/L). The source apportionment was conducted by positive matrix factorization (PMF), and six potential pollution sources for PAHs and three for Cl-PAHs were quantified. PAHs primarily originate from the combustion of fossil fuels such as traffic, industrial emissions and coal tar, while Cl-PAHs are mainly derived from atmospheric deposition and industrial emissions. Meanwhile, the self‑organizing map classified PAHs and Cl-PAHs into 2 and 3 groups, respectively. The k-means algorithm yielded 4 clusters for runoff samples. Among machine learning models, Random Forest (RF) demonstrated optimal predictive performance and integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations (RF-SHAP) revealed the effects of driving factors on the predicted concentration of PAHs and Cl-PAHs in urban runoff samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"160 ","pages":"Pages 174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.009
Sen Du , Li Zhang
Marine benthic fish usually contain high arsenic (As) levels, becoming a significant source of As for humans. This study involved a field investigation of As bioaccumulation in a benthic seagrass ecosystem, alongside a laboratory experiment to understand high As accumulation in fish within this system. The field results showed arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) were the predominant species in macroalgae and seagrass, whereas arsenobetaine (AsB) constituted over 95 % of total As in most benthos and fish. Total As was biomagnified and highly accumulated in carnivorous fish, primarily due to the biomagnification of AsB, while As(III) and As(V) were significantly biodiminished. A representative benthic carnivorous fish, Epinephelus coioides, exposed to dietary AsB showed a remarkable 15–20-fold increase in As accumulation compared to those exposed to As(III), As(V), or dimethylated arsenic (DMA). This provides evidence that the high proportion of AsB in natural prey (benthos) is the main reason for high As in carnivorous fish. Additionally, small proportions of dietary As(III) and As(V) were also transformed into organic As forms and stored in the body. In conclusion, this study highlights the superior bioavailability of AsB than other As species. Thus, AsB should be considered in studying biogeochemical cycling of As in marine environments.
{"title":"High arsenic bioaccumulation in marine carnivorous fish of a tropical seagrass ecosystem: Implication from field and laboratory investigations","authors":"Sen Du , Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine benthic fish usually contain high arsenic (As) levels, becoming a significant source of As for humans. This study involved a field investigation of As bioaccumulation in a benthic seagrass ecosystem, alongside a laboratory experiment to understand high As accumulation in fish within this system. The field results showed arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) were the predominant species in macroalgae and seagrass, whereas arsenobetaine (AsB) constituted over 95 % of total As in most benthos and fish. Total As was biomagnified and highly accumulated in carnivorous fish, primarily due to the biomagnification of AsB, while As(III) and As(V) were significantly biodiminished. A representative benthic carnivorous fish, <em>Epinephelus coioides</em>, exposed to dietary AsB showed a remarkable 15–20-fold increase in As accumulation compared to those exposed to As(III), As(V), or dimethylated arsenic (DMA). This provides evidence that the high proportion of AsB in natural prey (benthos) is the main reason for high As in carnivorous fish. Additionally, small proportions of dietary As(III) and As(V) were also transformed into organic As forms and stored in the body. In conclusion, this study highlights the superior bioavailability of AsB than other As species. Thus, AsB should be considered in studying biogeochemical cycling of As in marine environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"162 ","pages":"Pages 191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.014
Honggui Han , Yaqian Zhao , Xiaolong Wu , Hongyan Yang
In the municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), significant fluctuations in flow rate result in time delays and non-uniform distribution, making it challenging to accurately capture the real dynamics. Feature extraction can extract useful information from complex process data for wastewater treatment process monitoring. However, non-uniform distribution poses a challenge for effective feature extraction. To tackle this issue, a sparse autoencoder feature extraction method (SAFEM) is designed to improve monitoring accuracy. Firstly, the influence of the thrust rate on sample distribution is analyzed in conjunction with MWWTPs inflow fluctuations, and residence time between the two monitoring points is analyzed by hydrodynamic mechanism. Secondly, by constructing a sparse matrix, the distribution of non-zero element is used to reflect the inhomogeneity of the sample distribution, which can effectively capture the high-dimensional sparsity. Thirdly, based on the sparse autoencoder, the loss function is designed for feature extraction, which could better adapt to the change of sample distribution and improve the accuracy of feature extraction in the wastewater treatment process. Finally, the effectiveness of SAFEM is illustrated with experimental studies from a real MWWTP in China. The abnormal condition diagnosis performance of SAFEM shows that SAFEM can extract MWWTPs features accurately.
{"title":"Intelligent feature extraction for anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process in municipal wastewater treatment plant","authors":"Honggui Han , Yaqian Zhao , Xiaolong Wu , Hongyan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jes.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), significant fluctuations in flow rate result in time delays and non-uniform distribution, making it challenging to accurately capture the real dynamics. Feature extraction can extract useful information from complex process data for wastewater treatment process monitoring. However, non-uniform distribution poses a challenge for effective feature extraction. To tackle this issue, a sparse autoencoder feature extraction method (SAFEM) is designed to improve monitoring accuracy. Firstly, the influence of the thrust rate on sample distribution is analyzed in conjunction with MWWTPs inflow fluctuations, and residence time between the two monitoring points is analyzed by hydrodynamic mechanism. Secondly, by constructing a sparse matrix, the distribution of non-zero element is used to reflect the inhomogeneity of the sample distribution, which can effectively capture the high-dimensional sparsity. Thirdly, based on the sparse autoencoder, the loss function is designed for feature extraction, which could better adapt to the change of sample distribution and improve the accuracy of feature extraction in the wastewater treatment process. Finally, the effectiveness of SAFEM is illustrated with experimental studies from a real MWWTP in China. The abnormal condition diagnosis performance of SAFEM shows that SAFEM can extract MWWTPs features accurately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Sciences-china","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 360-371"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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