首页 > 最新文献

Conservation Letters最新文献

英文 中文
Explicit incentives increase citizen science recordings 明确的激励措施增加公民科学记录
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12973
Florian Diekert, Stefan Munzinger, Gaby Schulemann-Maier, Laura Städtler
From tracking land‐use change to biodiversity loss, citizen science data have become a cornerstone for conservation. However, policymakers must understand the “data‐generating process” to make good use of existing citizen science data and encourage the production of useful new data. We analyze data from the two largest German online platforms for ecological observations to explore and quantify the effect of explicit incentives on volunteer recordings, created by a large‐scale prize competition on one of the platforms. We find 10% more recordings during the prize competition. Moreover, the effects of weather and weekends are attenuated during the competition period. Finally, the diversity of recorded species decreases. Our study shows the first statistical evidence that using explicit incentives increases the quantity of citizen science data. It highlights the need to further study the effect of explicit incentives on data quality and the engagement of citizens for conservation.
从跟踪土地利用变化到生物多样性丧失,公民科学数据已成为保护的基石。然而,政策制定者必须了解“数据生成过程”,以充分利用现有的公民科学数据,并鼓励产生有用的新数据。我们分析了德国两个最大的生态观测在线平台的数据,以探索和量化由其中一个平台上的大型有奖竞赛创建的明确激励措施对志愿者记录的影响。我们在有奖比赛中发现了10%以上的录音。此外,在比赛期间,天气和周末的影响会减弱。最后,记录物种的多样性下降。我们的研究首次表明,使用明确的激励措施可以增加公民科学数据的数量。它强调需要进一步研究明确的激励措施对数据质量和公民参与保护的影响。
{"title":"Explicit incentives increase citizen science recordings","authors":"Florian Diekert, Stefan Munzinger, Gaby Schulemann-Maier, Laura Städtler","doi":"10.1111/conl.12973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12973","url":null,"abstract":"From tracking land‐use change to biodiversity loss, citizen science data have become a cornerstone for conservation. However, policymakers must understand the “data‐generating process” to make good use of existing citizen science data and encourage the production of useful new data. We analyze data from the two largest German online platforms for ecological observations to explore and quantify the effect of explicit incentives on volunteer recordings, created by a large‐scale prize competition on one of the platforms. We find 10% more recordings during the prize competition. Moreover, the effects of weather and weekends are attenuated during the competition period. Finally, the diversity of recorded species decreases. Our study shows the first statistical evidence that using explicit incentives increases the quantity of citizen science data. It highlights the need to further study the effect of explicit incentives on data quality and the engagement of citizens for conservation.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foraging mode affects extinction risk of snakes and lizards, but in different ways 觅食模式影响蛇和蜥蜴的灭绝风险,但方式不同
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12977
Simon Baeckens, Shai Meiri, Richard Shine

What factors render a species more vulnerable to extinction? In reptiles, foraging mode is a fundamental ecological dimension: some species actively search for immobile prey, whereas others ambush mobile prey. Foraging mode is linked to diet, morphology, movement ecology, and reproductive output, and hence plausibly might affect vulnerability to threatening processes. Our analyses of data on 1543 taxa revealed links between foraging mode and (IUCN) conservation status, but in opposite directions in the two main squamate groups. Ambush-foraging snakes were more threatened and with declining populations than were active searchers, whereas lizards showed the reverse pattern. This divergence may be linked to differing consequences of foraging mode for feeding rates and reproductive frequency in snakes versus lizards. Our findings underscore the need for taxon-specific conservation management, particularly in groups such as reptiles that have been neglected in global conservation prioritization.

是什么因素使一个物种更容易灭绝?在爬行动物中,觅食模式是一个基本的生态维度:一些物种积极寻找不动的猎物,而另一些物种则伏击移动的猎物。觅食模式与饮食、形态、运动生态学和繁殖输出有关,因此可能会影响威胁过程的脆弱性。我们对1543个分类群的数据分析揭示了觅食模式和(国际自然保护联盟)保护状况之间的联系,但在两个主要的鳞片群中方向相反。伏击觅食蛇比活跃的搜索者更受威胁,数量也在下降,而蜥蜴则表现出相反的模式。这种差异可能与蛇和蜥蜴的觅食模式对进食率和繁殖频率的不同影响有关。我们的发现强调了对特定分类单元的保护管理的必要性,特别是在爬行动物等在全球保护优先次序中被忽视的群体中。
{"title":"Foraging mode affects extinction risk of snakes and lizards, but in different ways","authors":"Simon Baeckens,&nbsp;Shai Meiri,&nbsp;Richard Shine","doi":"10.1111/conl.12977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12977","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What factors render a species more vulnerable to extinction? In reptiles, foraging mode is a fundamental ecological dimension: some species actively search for immobile prey, whereas others ambush mobile prey. Foraging mode is linked to diet, morphology, movement ecology, and reproductive output, and hence plausibly might affect vulnerability to threatening processes. Our analyses of data on 1543 taxa revealed links between foraging mode and (IUCN) conservation status, but in opposite directions in the two main squamate groups. Ambush-foraging snakes were more threatened and with declining populations than were active searchers, whereas lizards showed the reverse pattern. This divergence may be linked to differing consequences of foraging mode for feeding rates and reproductive frequency in snakes versus lizards. Our findings underscore the need for taxon-specific conservation management, particularly in groups such as reptiles that have been neglected in global conservation prioritization.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41230025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who cares about monarch butterflies? Comparing US State Wildlife Action Plans 2015–2025 谁会在乎帝王蝶?比较2015-2025年美国各州野生动物行动计划
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12976
K. Harris, Damon M. Hall, D. Finke
In July 2022, the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the iconic North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) as Endangered because of population declines of 91% since 1996. Yet, in the United States, there are no national laws protecting monarchs. In 2020, the US Fish and Wildlife Service determined that monarchs are “warranted” for US Endangered Species listing, although this listing was “precluded” because of lack of agency resources. In the absence of federal laws, individual US state—sub‐national—wildlife agencies play an essential role in monarch conservation. State wildlife agencies document decadal plans for at‐risk species conservation via State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs). We analyzed all 2015–2025 SWAPs to assess and compare state‐level monarch conservation efforts. We found monarch representation in SWAPs varied widely and lacked geographic alignment with actual conservation needs and interstate coordination. For example, in the contiguous United States, 15 states that occupy critical monarch migration corridors omit listing monarchs as a species of conservation need; 10 of these states have critical breeding habitat. This limited attention in critical areas of monarch flyways is troubling. States can improve upcoming 2025–2035 plans by coordinating efforts to conserve monarch habitat across the entire migration corridor.
2022年7月,国际自然保护联盟将标志性的北美帝王蝶(Danaus plexippus)列为濒危物种,因为自1996年以来,其种群数量下降了91%。然而,在美国,没有保护君主的国家法律。2020年,美国鱼类和野生动物管理局确定,黑脉金斑蝶“有理由”被列入美国濒危物种名单,尽管由于缺乏机构资源,这一名单被“排除”在外。在没有联邦法律的情况下,美国各州的野生动物机构在君主保护中发挥着至关重要的作用。国家野生动物机构通过国家野生动物行动计划(swap)为濒危物种保护制定十年计划。我们分析了所有2015-2025年的swap,以评估和比较州一级的君主保护工作。我们发现君主在swap中的代表性差异很大,缺乏与实际保护需求和州际协调的地理一致性。例如,在毗邻的美国,有15个州占据了重要的黑脉金斑蝶迁徙走廊,却没有将黑脉金斑蝶列为需要保护的物种;其中10个州有重要的繁殖栖息地。这种对黑脉金斑蝶飞行路线关键区域的有限关注令人不安。各州可以通过协调在整个迁徙走廊上保护黑脉金斑蝶栖息地的努力,来改善即将到来的2025-2035年计划。
{"title":"Who cares about monarch butterflies? Comparing US State Wildlife Action Plans 2015–2025","authors":"K. Harris, Damon M. Hall, D. Finke","doi":"10.1111/conl.12976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12976","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2022, the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the iconic North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) as Endangered because of population declines of 91% since 1996. Yet, in the United States, there are no national laws protecting monarchs. In 2020, the US Fish and Wildlife Service determined that monarchs are “warranted” for US Endangered Species listing, although this listing was “precluded” because of lack of agency resources. In the absence of federal laws, individual US state—sub‐national—wildlife agencies play an essential role in monarch conservation. State wildlife agencies document decadal plans for at‐risk species conservation via State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs). We analyzed all 2015–2025 SWAPs to assess and compare state‐level monarch conservation efforts. We found monarch representation in SWAPs varied widely and lacked geographic alignment with actual conservation needs and interstate coordination. For example, in the contiguous United States, 15 states that occupy critical monarch migration corridors omit listing monarchs as a species of conservation need; 10 of these states have critical breeding habitat. This limited attention in critical areas of monarch flyways is troubling. States can improve upcoming 2025–2035 plans by coordinating efforts to conserve monarch habitat across the entire migration corridor.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44524711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Threatened fauna protections compromised by agricultural interests in Australia 澳大利亚农业利益损害濒危动物保护
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12975
Jayden E. Engert, Robert L. Pressey, Vanessa M. Adams

Australia is a global leader in land clearing and biodiversity loss. The overwhelming majority of land clearing within Australia and, globally, is driven by agricultural conversion. The importance of agricultural lands also leads to the concentration of habitat protection in landscapes that do not support productive land uses, which might contribute to species conservation in marginal habitat. Using an integrated agricultural capability map and threatened vertebrate fauna range maps, we show that observed biases in protected area location have varied impacts at the species level. Specifically, threatened vertebrate fauna with habitat capable of supporting high-value productive lands received less protection and experienced greater habitat loss. Similarly, almost all species assessed received protection in the portions of their ranges less conducive to productive land uses. Finally, we identify regions of Australia at risk of future land clearing and the species likely to bear the brunt of the impacts. Our results demonstrate the importance of protecting land capable of supporting productive uses to conserve the most affected threatened species.

澳大利亚在土地清理和生物多样性丧失方面处于全球领先地位。澳大利亚境内以及全球绝大多数土地清理都是由农业转型推动的。农业用地的重要性也导致栖息地保护集中在不支持生产性土地使用的景观中,这可能有助于边缘栖息地的物种保护。使用综合农业能力图和受威胁脊椎动物区系范围图,我们表明,在保护区位置上观察到的偏差在物种层面上有不同的影响。具体而言,栖息地能够支持高价值生产力土地的受威胁脊椎动物受到的保护较少,栖息地损失更大。同样,几乎所有被评估的物种都在其范围内不太利于生产性土地利用的部分受到保护。最后,我们确定了澳大利亚未来面临土地清理风险的地区,以及可能首当其冲的物种。我们的研究结果表明了保护能够支持生产用途的土地以保护受影响最严重的濒危物种的重要性。
{"title":"Threatened fauna protections compromised by agricultural interests in Australia","authors":"Jayden E. Engert,&nbsp;Robert L. Pressey,&nbsp;Vanessa M. Adams","doi":"10.1111/conl.12975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia is a global leader in land clearing and biodiversity loss. The overwhelming majority of land clearing within Australia and, globally, is driven by agricultural conversion. The importance of agricultural lands also leads to the concentration of habitat protection in landscapes that do not support productive land uses, which might contribute to species conservation in marginal habitat. Using an integrated agricultural capability map and threatened vertebrate fauna range maps, we show that observed biases in protected area location have varied impacts at the species level. Specifically, threatened vertebrate fauna with habitat capable of supporting high-value productive lands received less protection and experienced greater habitat loss. Similarly, almost all species assessed received protection in the portions of their ranges less conducive to productive land uses. Finally, we identify regions of Australia at risk of future land clearing and the species likely to bear the brunt of the impacts. Our results demonstrate the importance of protecting land capable of supporting productive uses to conserve the most affected threatened species.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41230074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward more equitable ecosystem investment programs—Adaptation and equity are central to the design and functioning of successful water funds 实现更公平的生态系统投资计划——适应和公平是成功的水基金设计和运作的核心
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12974
L. Bremer, K. Brauman, M. Echavarría
Projects designed to incentivize ecosystem management for societal benefits are becoming increasingly popular and are often touted as win–win solutions for social and environmental challenges. Yet, there are important concerns about the equity and justice implications of these programs, and there is strong evidence that a lack of attention to justice can exacerbate or create inequities. We focus on water funds, a subset of watershed ecosystem investment programs that are being scaled globally. We specifically discuss how three long‐standing Andean programs have shifted through time toward a greater focus on equity and justice. We argue that these shifts, while imperfect, have been critical to their durability and that, more generally, continued alignment of nature‐based investment programs with broader equity and justice concerns is essential for long‐term durability and success.
旨在激励生态系统管理以获得社会效益的项目正变得越来越受欢迎,并且经常被吹捧为解决社会和环境挑战的双赢解决方案。然而,这些项目对公平和正义的影响存在重要的担忧,并且有强有力的证据表明,缺乏对正义的关注会加剧或造成不平等。我们专注于水基金,这是全球范围内正在扩大的流域生态系统投资项目的一个子集。我们特别讨论了三个长期存在的安第斯项目如何随着时间的推移而转向更加注重公平和正义。我们认为,这些转变虽然不完美,但对其持久性至关重要,更普遍地说,基于自然的投资项目与更广泛的公平和正义问题的持续一致对长期持久性和成功至关重要。
{"title":"Toward more equitable ecosystem investment programs—Adaptation and equity are central to the design and functioning of successful water funds","authors":"L. Bremer, K. Brauman, M. Echavarría","doi":"10.1111/conl.12974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12974","url":null,"abstract":"Projects designed to incentivize ecosystem management for societal benefits are becoming increasingly popular and are often touted as win–win solutions for social and environmental challenges. Yet, there are important concerns about the equity and justice implications of these programs, and there is strong evidence that a lack of attention to justice can exacerbate or create inequities. We focus on water funds, a subset of watershed ecosystem investment programs that are being scaled globally. We specifically discuss how three long‐standing Andean programs have shifted through time toward a greater focus on equity and justice. We argue that these shifts, while imperfect, have been critical to their durability and that, more generally, continued alignment of nature‐based investment programs with broader equity and justice concerns is essential for long‐term durability and success.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48141553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rubber's inclusion in zero-deforestation legislation is necessary but not sufficient to reduce impacts on biodiversity 将橡胶纳入零毁林立法是必要的,但不足以减少对生物多样性的影响
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12967
Eleanor Warren-Thomas, Antje Ahrends, Yunxia Wang, Maria M. H. Wang, Julia P. G. Jones

Agricultural commodity production is a major driver of tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. Natural rubber from Hevea brasiliensis, a valuable commodity without viable substitutes, has recently been included in the European Union (EU) deforestation regulation that aims to halt imports of goods containing embedded deforestation. Sustained growth in demand for rubber is driven by increasing tire production, caused by rising transport flows and personal car ownership. We show that average natural rubber yields remain static, meaning 2.7–5.3 million ha of additional plantations could be needed by 2030 to meet demand. A systematic literature search identified 106 case studies concerning transitions to and from rubber, revealing that substantial rubber plantation area expansion since 2010 has occurred at the expense of natural forest. Eliminating deforestation from rubber supply chains requires support for millions of smallholder growers to maintain or increase production from existing plantations, without land or water degradation. Supply chain traceability efforts offer opportunities to deliver such support. While the inclusion of rubber in EU legislation is a positive step, it is critical to ensure that smallholders are not marginalized to avoid exacerbating poverty, and that other markets follow suit to avoid displacement of rubber-driven deforestation to unregulated markets.

农业商品生产是热带森林砍伐和生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素。巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)的天然橡胶是一种没有可行替代品的宝贵商品,最近被纳入了欧盟(EU)的森林砍伐法规,该法规旨在停止进口含有嵌入式森林砍伐的商品。橡胶需求的持续增长是由轮胎产量的增加推动的,这是由运输流量和个人汽车保有量的增加引起的。我们表明,天然橡胶的平均产量保持不变,这意味着到2030年可能需要270万至530万公顷的额外种植园来满足需求。一项系统的文献检索确定了106个关于橡胶过渡和从橡胶过渡的案例研究,表明自2010年以来,橡胶种植面积的大幅扩张是以牺牲天然林为代价的。消除橡胶供应链中的森林砍伐需要支持数百万小农户在不造成土地或水退化的情况下维持或增加现有种植园的产量。供应链可追溯性工作提供了提供此类支持的机会。虽然将橡胶纳入欧盟立法是一个积极的步骤,但至关重要的是要确保小农户不会被边缘化,以避免加剧贫困,其他市场也要效仿,以避免橡胶驱动的森林砍伐转移到不受监管的市场。
{"title":"Rubber's inclusion in zero-deforestation legislation is necessary but not sufficient to reduce impacts on biodiversity","authors":"Eleanor Warren-Thomas,&nbsp;Antje Ahrends,&nbsp;Yunxia Wang,&nbsp;Maria M. H. Wang,&nbsp;Julia P. G. Jones","doi":"10.1111/conl.12967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12967","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural commodity production is a major driver of tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. Natural rubber from <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>, a valuable commodity without viable substitutes, has recently been included in the European Union (EU) deforestation regulation that aims to halt imports of goods containing embedded deforestation. Sustained growth in demand for rubber is driven by increasing tire production, caused by rising transport flows and personal car ownership. We show that average natural rubber yields remain static, meaning 2.7–5.3 million ha of additional plantations could be needed by 2030 to meet demand. A systematic literature search identified 106 case studies concerning transitions to and from rubber, revealing that substantial rubber plantation area expansion since 2010 has occurred at the expense of natural forest. Eliminating deforestation from rubber supply chains requires support for millions of smallholder growers to maintain or increase production from existing plantations, without land or water degradation. Supply chain traceability efforts offer opportunities to deliver such support. While the inclusion of rubber in EU legislation is a positive step, it is critical to ensure that smallholders are not marginalized to avoid exacerbating poverty, and that other markets follow suit to avoid displacement of rubber-driven deforestation to unregulated markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Principles for climate resilience are prevalent in marine protected area management plans 在海洋保护区管理计划中普遍采用气候适应性原则
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12972
Cori Lopazanski, Bergen Foshay, Jessica L. Couture, Daniel Wagner, Lee Hannah, Emily Pidgeon, Darcy Bradley

Climate change is threatening marine systems, and its widespread and dynamic effects are creating challenges for designing and managing marine protected areas (MPAs). The majority of recommendations for climate-resilient MPAs focus on enhancing ecological resilience to disturbance and updating management strategies to respond as changes occur. Here, we assess how existing recommendations for climate resilience are applied in real-world MPA management, using criteria from five key management components: objectives, assessments, design, monitoring, and management. Our review evaluates 172 management plans for 555 MPAs across 52 countries and written in nine languages. We find that MPA management plans contain many underlying scientific and management principles for promoting resilience to climate change, even when “climate change” or related terms are not specifically included: plans include long-term objectives (93.6%), threat-reduction strategies (99.4%), monitoring programs (97.7%), and adaptive management (93%). However, there is substantial variation in the degree to which plans explicitly incorporate climate change into their strategies, from not mentioning it at all (21.5%) to developing detailed climate change-specific action plans (20.9%), with most somewhere in between. In addition to identifying common gaps across management plans, we also provide practical examples of activities MPA managers are undertaking to address climate change.

气候变化正在威胁海洋系统,其广泛而动态的影响给海洋保护区的设计和管理带来了挑战。大多数关于气候适应性MPA的建议侧重于增强生态系统对干扰的抵御能力,并更新管理策略以应对变化。在这里,我们使用五个关键管理组成部分的标准:目标、评估、设计、监测和管理,评估现有的气候适应性建议如何应用于现实世界的MPA管理。我们的审查评估了52个国家555个MPA的172项管理计划,这些计划用9种语言编写。我们发现,即使没有具体包括“气候变化”或相关术语,MPA管理计划也包含许多促进应对气候变化的基本科学和管理原则:计划包括长期目标(93.6%)、减少威胁战略(99.4%)、监测计划(97.7%)和适应性管理(93%)。然而,计划将气候变化明确纳入其战略的程度存在很大差异,从根本不提及气候变化(21.5%)到制定详细的气候变化具体行动计划(20.9%),大多数都介于两者之间。除了确定管理计划中的共同差距外,我们还提供了MPA管理人员为应对气候变化而开展的活动的实际例子。
{"title":"Principles for climate resilience are prevalent in marine protected area management plans","authors":"Cori Lopazanski,&nbsp;Bergen Foshay,&nbsp;Jessica L. Couture,&nbsp;Daniel Wagner,&nbsp;Lee Hannah,&nbsp;Emily Pidgeon,&nbsp;Darcy Bradley","doi":"10.1111/conl.12972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12972","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is threatening marine systems, and its widespread and dynamic effects are creating challenges for designing and managing marine protected areas (MPAs). The majority of recommendations for climate-resilient MPAs focus on enhancing ecological resilience to disturbance and updating management strategies to respond as changes occur. Here, we assess how existing recommendations for climate resilience are applied in real-world MPA management, using criteria from five key management components: objectives, assessments, design, monitoring, and management. Our review evaluates 172 management plans for 555 MPAs across 52 countries and written in nine languages. We find that MPA management plans contain many underlying scientific and management principles for promoting resilience to climate change, even when “climate change” or related terms are not specifically included: plans include long-term objectives (93.6%), threat-reduction strategies (99.4%), monitoring programs (97.7%), and adaptive management (93%). However, there is substantial variation in the degree to which plans explicitly incorporate climate change into their strategies, from not mentioning it at all (21.5%) to developing detailed climate change-specific action plans (20.9%), with most somewhere in between. In addition to identifying common gaps across management plans, we also provide practical examples of activities MPA managers are undertaking to address climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41230061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays 鲨鱼粉尘:加工残留物高通量DNA测序在受威胁鲨鱼和鳐鱼贸易监测中的应用
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12971
Andhika P. Prasetyo, Joanna M. Murray, Muh. Firdaus A. K. Kurniawan, Naiara G. Sales, Allan D. McDevitt, Stefano Mariani

Illegal fishing, unregulated bycatch, and market demand for certain products (e.g., fins) are largely responsible for the rapid global decline of shark and ray populations. Controlling trade of endangered species remains difficult due to product variety, taxonomic ambiguity, and trade complexity. The genetic tools traditionally used to identify traded species typically target individual tissue samples, and are time-consuming and/or species-specific. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of trace DNA fragments retrieved from dust and scraps left behind by trade activities. We metabarcoded “shark-dust” samples from seven processing plants in the world's biggest shark landing site (Java, Indonesia), and identified 61 shark and ray taxa (representing half of all chondrichthyan orders), more than half of which could not be recovered from tissue samples collected in parallel from the same sites. Importantly, over 80% of shark-dust sequences were found to belong to CITES-listed species. We argue that this approach is likely to become a powerful and cost-effective monitoring tool wherever wildlife is traded.

非法捕鱼、不受监管的副渔获物和市场对某些产品(如鱼鳍)的需求是全球鲨鱼和鳐鱼数量迅速下降的主要原因。由于产品的多样性、分类的模糊性和贸易的复杂性,控制濒危物种的贸易仍然很困难。传统上用于识别交易物种的遗传工具通常以个体组织样本为目标,并且耗时和/或具有物种特异性。在这里,我们对从贸易活动留下的灰尘和废料中提取的微量DNA片段进行了高通量测序。我们对世界上最大的鲨鱼登陆地(印度尼西亚爪哇岛)的七家加工厂的“鲨鱼尘”样本进行了MetaBarcode编码,并确定了61个鲨鱼和鳐鱼分类群(代表所有软骨鱼目的一半),其中一半以上无法从同一地点同时采集的组织样本中回收。重要的是,超过80%的鲨鱼尘埃序列被发现属于《濒危野生动植物种公约》所列物种。我们认为,无论野生动物在哪里交易,这种方法都可能成为一种强大且具有成本效益的监测工具。
{"title":"Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays","authors":"Andhika P. Prasetyo,&nbsp;Joanna M. Murray,&nbsp;Muh. Firdaus A. K. Kurniawan,&nbsp;Naiara G. Sales,&nbsp;Allan D. McDevitt,&nbsp;Stefano Mariani","doi":"10.1111/conl.12971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12971","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illegal fishing, unregulated bycatch, and market demand for certain products (e.g., fins) are largely responsible for the rapid global decline of shark and ray populations. Controlling trade of endangered species remains difficult due to product variety, taxonomic ambiguity, and trade complexity. The genetic tools traditionally used to identify traded species typically target individual tissue samples, and are time-consuming and/or species-specific. Here, we performed high-throughput sequencing of trace DNA fragments retrieved from dust and scraps left behind by trade activities. We metabarcoded “shark-dust” samples from seven processing plants in the world's biggest shark landing site (Java, Indonesia), and identified 61 shark and ray taxa (representing half of all chondrichthyan orders), more than half of which could not be recovered from tissue samples collected in parallel from the same sites. Importantly, over 80% of shark-dust sequences were found to belong to CITES-listed species. We argue that this approach is likely to become a powerful and cost-effective monitoring tool wherever wildlife is traded.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Essential planetary health workers: Positioning rangers within global policy 基本的行星卫生工作者:在全球政策中定位护林员
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12955
Sue Stolton, Hannah L. Timmins, Nigel Dudley, Olga Biegus, Chris Galliers, William Jackson, Marianne Kettunen, Barney Long, Madhu Rao, Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, Cristina Romanelli, Tim Schneider, Andrew Seidl, Rohit Singh, Matt Sykes

Our planet is facing increasing challenges: climate change, biodiversity loss, pandemics, poverty, and many other problems closely linked to a deteriorating environment. Meanwhile, one of our most important assets, rangers working in protected and conserved areas responsible for managing large tracts of the planet's lands and waters, are often underutilized, underrecognized and underequipped. They are generally left out of the debate about conservation and sustainable development policy, despite being central to the success of those policies. This paper outlines the need for global leaders across multiple sectors to recognize the profession of rangers as essential planetary health workers and to position rangers more effectively within global conservation and environmental policy mechanisms. It introduces the challenges facing rangers, the emerging diversity of roles within the ranger profession and the important contribution of rangers to conservation and sustainable development. It presents policy and implementation avenues to improve recognition and professionalization of rangers as key executors of conservation and development policy, particularly considering the recent Global Biodiversity Framework ambitions.

我们的星球正面临越来越多的挑战:气候变化、生物多样性丧失、流行病、贫穷以及与环境恶化密切相关的许多其他问题。与此同时,我们最重要的资产之一——在保护区工作、负责管理地球上大片土地和水域的护林员——往往没有得到充分利用、认可和装备。它们通常被排除在关于保护和可持续发展政策的辩论之外,尽管它们对这些政策的成功至关重要。本文概述了多个部门的全球领导人需要认识到护林员的职业是必不可少的地球卫生工作者,并在全球保护和环境政策机制中更有效地定位护林员。它介绍了护林员所面临的挑战、护林员职业中出现的多样化角色,以及护林员对自然保育和可持续发展的重要贡献。它提出了政策和实施途径,以提高对护林员作为保护和发展政策的关键执行者的认识和专业化,特别是考虑到最近的全球生物多样性框架的雄心。
{"title":"Essential planetary health workers: Positioning rangers within global policy","authors":"Sue Stolton,&nbsp;Hannah L. Timmins,&nbsp;Nigel Dudley,&nbsp;Olga Biegus,&nbsp;Chris Galliers,&nbsp;William Jackson,&nbsp;Marianne Kettunen,&nbsp;Barney Long,&nbsp;Madhu Rao,&nbsp;Carlos Manuel Rodriguez,&nbsp;Cristina Romanelli,&nbsp;Tim Schneider,&nbsp;Andrew Seidl,&nbsp;Rohit Singh,&nbsp;Matt Sykes","doi":"10.1111/conl.12955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our planet is facing increasing challenges: climate change, biodiversity loss, pandemics, poverty, and many other problems closely linked to a deteriorating environment. Meanwhile, one of our most important assets, rangers working in protected and conserved areas responsible for managing large tracts of the planet's lands and waters, are often underutilized, underrecognized and underequipped. They are generally left out of the debate about conservation and sustainable development policy, despite being central to the success of those policies. This paper outlines the need for global leaders across multiple sectors to recognize the profession of rangers as essential planetary health workers and to position rangers more effectively within global conservation and environmental policy mechanisms. It introduces the challenges facing rangers, the emerging diversity of roles within the ranger profession and the important contribution of rangers to conservation and sustainable development. It presents policy and implementation avenues to improve recognition and professionalization of rangers as key executors of conservation and development policy, particularly considering the recent Global Biodiversity Framework ambitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6243938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Successful eradication of invasive American bullfrogs leads to coextirpation of emerging pathogens 成功根除入侵的美国牛蛙导致新出现的病原体共感染
IF 8.5 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12970
Blake R. Hossack, David Hall, Catherine L. Crawford, Caren S. Goldberg, Erin Muths, Brent H. Sigafus, Thierry Chambert

Interventions of the host–pathogen dynamics provide strong tests of relationships, yet they are still rarely applied across multiple populations. After American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) invaded a wildlife refuge where federally threatened Chiricahua leopard frogs (R. chiricahuensis) were reintroduced 12 years prior, managers launched a landscape-scale eradication effort to help ensure continued recovery of the native species. We used a before-after-control-impact design and environmental DNA sampling of 19 eradication sites and 18 control sites between fall 2016 and winter 2020–2021 to measure community-level responses to bullfrog eradication, including for two pathogens. Dynamic occupancy models revealed successful eradication from 94% of treatment sites. Native amphibians did not respond to bullfrog eradication, but the pathogens amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and ranaviruses were coextirpated with bullfrogs. Our spatially replicated experimental approach provides strong evidence that management of invasive species can simultaneously reduce predation and disease risk for imperiled species.

宿主-病原体动力学的干预措施提供了强有力的关系测试,但它们仍然很少在多个群体中应用。12年前,美国牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)入侵了一个野生动物保护区,在那里重新引入了受到联邦威胁的奇里卡华豹蛙(R.chiricahuensis),之后,管理人员发起了一项景观范围的根除工作,以帮助确保本土物种的持续恢复。我们在2016年秋季至2020-2021年冬季期间,对19个根除点和18个对照点进行了前后控制影响设计和环境DNA采样,以测量社区层面对根除牛蛙的反应,包括对两种病原体的反应。动态占用模型显示94%的治疗点成功根除。本土两栖动物对根除牛蛙没有反应,但两栖动物的病原体壶菌(Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)和蛙病毒与牛蛙共感染。我们的空间复制实验方法提供了强有力的证据,证明对入侵物种的管理可以同时降低濒危物种的捕食和疾病风险。
{"title":"Successful eradication of invasive American bullfrogs leads to coextirpation of emerging pathogens","authors":"Blake R. Hossack,&nbsp;David Hall,&nbsp;Catherine L. Crawford,&nbsp;Caren S. Goldberg,&nbsp;Erin Muths,&nbsp;Brent H. Sigafus,&nbsp;Thierry Chambert","doi":"10.1111/conl.12970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interventions of the host–pathogen dynamics provide strong tests of relationships, yet they are still rarely applied across multiple populations. After American bullfrogs (<i>Rana catesbeiana</i>) invaded a wildlife refuge where federally threatened Chiricahua leopard frogs (<i>R. chiricahuensis</i>) were reintroduced 12 years prior, managers launched a landscape-scale eradication effort to help ensure continued recovery of the native species. We used a before-after-control-impact design and environmental DNA sampling of 19 eradication sites and 18 control sites between fall 2016 and winter 2020–2021 to measure community-level responses to bullfrog eradication, including for two pathogens. Dynamic occupancy models revealed successful eradication from 94% of treatment sites. Native amphibians did not respond to bullfrog eradication, but the pathogens amphibian chytrid fungus (<i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>) and ranaviruses were coextirpated with bullfrogs. Our spatially replicated experimental approach provides strong evidence that management of invasive species can simultaneously reduce predation and disease risk for imperiled species.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.12970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Conservation Letters
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1