Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

Background and Aims: Chemotherapy uses agents that selectively target cancer cells but can also cause collateral damage to healthy tissues and lead to significant side effects. These toxic agents have major adverse effects on noncancerous tissues. It is therefore imperative to develop safe and efficacious alternative therapeutic strategies capable of inducing apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro how postbiotics derived from heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 affect human prostate cancer cells.

Methods: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 strain was cultured in MRS broth at a concentration of 10⁹ colony forming units (cfu) per milliliter. The activated probiotics were then heat treated at 75°C for 60 min to inactivate them and postbiotics were obtained. The inhibitory effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 on LNCaP and PC3 cells were assessed through an MTT assay. The apoptotic impact of postbiotics on the cells was validated using Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (HO/PI) staining. Additionally, western blotting was employed to examine the expression of cytochrome-c (cyt-c), Bcl2, Bax, and caspase-3–9 proteins associated with the apoptotic pathway. Additionally, the levels of antioxidant and oxidant enzymes were measured in both cell lines using established colorimetric methods and commercial kits.

Results: MTT results showed that the postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 had IC50 values of 10⁷ and 10⁸ cfu/mL on LNCaP and PC3 cells, respectively. HO/PI results showed postbiotic-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 increased the expression of cyt-c, caspase-9, Bax, and caspase-3 protein levels and decreased Bcl2 expression in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. However, caspase-8 was not detected. In addition, high-dose postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (10⁸ and 10⁹ cfu/mL) increased the activity of oxidants ROS and MDA and suppressed the activity of antioxidants GSH, SOD, and CAT.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 from heat inactivation could cause apoptosis and impede the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro.

Radix Puerariae lobatae polysaccharide (PLP1, M_w = 10.43 kDa), a novel polysaccharide isolated in our previous studies, possesses remarkable hepatoprotective properties. In this study, a highly sensitive fluorescent probe, namely, PLP1-tyrosine (TYR)-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), was developed to investigate the distribution of PLP1 in vitro and in vivo. The fluorescent probe was characterized using fluorescence, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, with a substitution degree of 0.53%. Toxicity assessments indicated that PLP1-TYR-FITC was nontoxic both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, fluorescence microscopy revealed that PLP1-TYR-FITC may enter cells by endocytosis. In vivo, the distribution pattern of oral administration was as follows: small intestine > liver > kidney > spleen > stomach > heart > lung > brain. The distribution of intravenous administration was as follows: liver > small intestine > kidney > stomach > spleen > lung > heart > brain. FITC-labeled PLP1 was primarily distributed in the liver, supporting the hepatoprotective properties of PLP1. In summary, this study synthesized a PLP1 fluorescent probe to investigate PLP1 distribution in vitro and in vivo. Our findings lay the groundwork for further exploring the pharmacological mechanism of polysaccharides in Pueraria lobata.

Fermented dairy products have been studied for their physiological functions, particularly their antioxidant properties. Dadih is a traditional Indonesian fermented dairy product produced from buffalo milk and prepared in bamboo tubes that exhibit functional properties. Compared to cow milk, goat milk has gained more attention for dadih production due to its low allergen count and ease of digestion. In our previous study, we identified the dipeptide glycine-methionine (Gly-Met) generated from goat milk dadih as a novel antioxidant peptide. This study aimed to investigate the antiaging effects of Gly-Met in Caenorhabditis elegans using an in vivo model. Initially, the effective concentration (EC₅₀) was determined and Gly-Met exhibited an effective antioxidant activity value of 0.96 mg/mL. Our results demonstrated that Gly-Met significantly extended the mean lifespan, enhanced resistance to oxidative stress, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. elegans. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Nsy-1, Sek-1, and Pmk-1 that are the target genes of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was upregulated in C. elegans. Subsequently, Skn-1 and Gcs-1 expression levels were significantly upregulated. Activation of SKN-1 target genes may be modulated by the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our study revealed that Gly-Met, an antioxidative peptide identified in goat milk dadih, may contribute to antiaging effects through the SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in C. elegans.

Scope: Anthocyanins obtained from the diet have therapeutic potential for various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the diverse forms of anthocyanins, it is unclear whether different types of anthocyanins share common pathways in regulating intestinal cell function. This study aims to explore the core gene pathways modulated by anthocyanins in intestinal cells and to identify potential compounds with similar therapeutic effects.

Methods and Results: Three different forms of anthocyanins (cyanidin chloride, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside) were used to treat CRC cells at different concentrations and time points, and growth inhibition was observed for all anthocyanins, with varying patterns. RNA-seq analysis showed that the regulatory pathways of anthocyanins with different structures were different, and the time factor had a greater effect. Time-series analysis of regulatory genes shared among different concentrations and structures of anthocyanins was performed. By overlapping with a public PPAR target gene set, a core gene set across three types of anthocyanins was identified and used in Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis to screen for compounds. The repositioned drug candidates included known anticancer drugs that have effects of transcriptome interventions like anthocyanins.

Conclusion: These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the anti-CRC effects of anthocyanins and may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents for CRC.

Salami sausage is a fermented meat product that is appreciated by consumers in most countries. Starter culture plays a key factor in affecting its quality. The present study screened four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) H1-5, N102, YL-1, and YL-2 strains with excellent fermentation characteristics based on their acid production, nitrite degradation, and bacteriostatic capacity. These bacterial strains were applied to make salami sausage, which reduced pH to 5.2. In groups H1-5 and YL-1, key flavors including linalool, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methylbutyric acid, butyric acid, hexanal, heptanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-methylbutanol aldehydes, and p-cresol were detected. The YL-1 salami shows high concentrations of linalool, 1-octen-3-ol, and 3-methylbutyric acid with a concentration of 0.15, 0.04, and 1.08 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the metagenomic analysis, the salami sausage group YL-1 shows a high count of LAB strains mainly Lactobacillus rhamnosus accounting for 76.81% gene count over H1-5 salami. Through species and function contribution analysis, it was confirmed that YL-1 contributes to most of the metabolic functions including amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid biosynthesis pathways based on the gene set analysis on the KEGG pathway. A total of 10 genes regulating metabolism and enzymes were obtained from YL-1 gene mining. Other metabolic pathways including valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, phenylalanine metabolism, and toluene degradation contribute to aromatic amino acids increase in the YL-1 sausage sample. It shows that YL-1 contributes high functional application in sausage fermentation and can be used as a potential key object in subsequent research to further clarify its functional application.

This study presents the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antibacteria, and anti-inflammation of C. militaris fruiting body (FB) and FB with substrate (FBS). C. militaris FB and FBS were extracted by water, ethanol, and methanol. The chemical composition analysis of C. militaris extracts from FB and FBS showed bioactive compounds including adenosine, cordycepin, and carotenoids using HPLC. Moreover, the aqueous extract of FB and FBS showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, supported by the presence of adenosine, cordycepin, and carotenoid compounds. Moreover, the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of C. militaris and the bioactive compounds, cordycepin and carotenoids, exhibited the greatest bactericidal activity against enteric pathogenic bacteria. In addition, C. militaris extracts and bioactive compounds were confirmed as new agents to prevent the adhesion and invasion of enteric pathogenic bacteria on Caco-2 colon cells. This finding also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity found in the aqueous extract of C. militaris and bioactive compounds on the LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cell model, which had the efficacy to suppress inflammatory moderators including iNos, Cox-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, AP-1, TLR-4, IL-1ß, and IL-6. Therefore, C. militaris extract and its bioactive compounds, cordycepin and carotenoids, impeded the adhesion and invasion of enteric pathogenic bacteria on colonic epithelial cells and also promoted anti-inflammation mechanisms. This study attests to C. militaris as an alternative therapeutic agent to prevent enteric pathogenic bacterial infection and inflammation due to its proven health benefits and high level of antioxidants.

Ruta chalepensis has long been recognized in traditional medicine for its diverse pharmacological properties. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticollagenase, and antielastase activities of the methanolic extract derived from R. chalepensis. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening using LC-MS analysis. For evaluation of the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays were used. The anti-inflammatory properties of the extract were investigated using a protein denaturation bioassay. Finally, fluorometric screening kits assessed the anticollagenase and antielastase activities. The phytochemical screening identified 33 compounds, the dominant being 3,3′,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (9.4%), and myricetin (8.9%). The extract showed antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 30.1 μg/mL for the DPPH assay and 25.4 μg/mL for the ABTS assay. Moreover, the extract displayed significant inhibition of protein denaturation across a range of concentrations. Additionally, the methanolic extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on collagenase and elastase activities. The highest concentration tested, 5%, achieved 41.7% for collagenase inhibition and 62.4% for elastase inhibition. In summary, the methanolic extract of R. chalepensis showcases promising antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, hinting at its potential for a wide array of therapeutic applications.

This study evaluated the effects of souring (fermenting using Lactobacillus plantarum and back-slopped inoculum and lactic acid acidification) and cooking of finger millet on phenolic content, radical scavenging properties, and inhibition of oxidative DNA damage in finger millet. Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and back-slopped inoculum, and lactic acid acidification significantly increased the total phenolic content and radical scavenging properties of finger millet extracts, whereas cooking resulted in the reduction of these bioactive properties. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins in finger millet extracts. Both total phenolic acids and total flavonoids were elevated by fermentation (back-slopped inoculum and Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated) and lactic acid acidification but diminished by cooking. Notably, extracts from both unsoured and soured finger millet flour and gruel demonstrated protective properties against DNA damage. These findings suggest that souring enhances the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of finger millet, underscoring the potential of soured finger millet gruels for health promotion.

Chinese herbal medicine, a cornerstone of traditional medical practices, possesses the potential to make a significant impact on international veterinary care. For these ancient therapeutic methods to be seamlessly integrated into contemporary healthcare, they must undergo thorough research and stringent validation. The rapid advancements in the biotechnology field have propelled the modernization of the Chinese medicine industry, leading to remarkable progress and innovation. This study aims to dissect the distinctions and intersections in the utilization of Chinese herbal medicine between the veterinary and human healthcare sectors. It seeks to understand how these applications can be adapted to enhance veterinary practices on an international scale. The findings of this review underscore the disparities and synergies between Chinese herbal medicine in veterinary and human medicine. It brings to light the unique challenges and opportunities that arise from the adaptation of these treatments in a veterinary context. To sum up, this article emphasizes the application prospect of Chinese veterinary medicine and challenges and puts forward the strategy to cope with the complexity of the strategic direction and development. It advocates for an interdisciplinary approach and the adoption of novel technologies to further the field.

Objective: To develop an efficient method for extracting gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin and to study its anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: Gelatin was extracted using enzymatic hydrolysis and water extraction techniques. The basic structures of the prepared gelatin were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, amino acid analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). LPS established the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model in vitro. The therapeutic dose range of gelatin, which did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity, was determined using the CCK-8 assay for subsequent experiments. The nitric oxide (NO) content was measured using the Griess method. The content of proinflammatory cytokines was determined using ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method, and oxidative stress–related indicators were measured using a kit. The mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines were detected using qRT-PCR. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in each group.

Results: Characteristic absorption peaks of gelatin were observed in the FT-IR and UV spectra. Additionally, gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin significantly reduced NO content in cells, decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibited ROS generation, reduced oxidative stress–related indicators, significantly lowered the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines in cells, and significantly reduced the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS.

Conclusion: Enzymatic hydrolysis and water extraction efficiently prepare gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin. This gelatin can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells, potentially by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorating oxidative stress.