Journal of Food Biochemistry最新文献

The novel bioactive polysaccharide, Sacha inchi shell polysaccharide-3 (SISP-3), was isolated from the Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) shell using anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. This neutral polysaccharide fraction, characterized by a triple-helix structure and a molecular weight of 17,684 Da, was successfully isolated. The composition analysis of SISP-3 revealed the presence of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, and Fru in molar ratios of 7.2%:41.7%:40.3%:4.1%:6.7%. The dominant glycosidic linkage in SISP-3 was identified as ⟶4)-Galp-(1⟶, accompanied by a complex branching pattern. The results from RAW264.7 cell experiments showed that SISP-3 significantly enhanced cell viability, phagocytosis, and NO production. Additionally, it significantly stimulated the production of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in RAW264.7 cells. These findings suggest that SISP-3 serves as an immune active agent with immunomodulatory properties, indicating its potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent for various applications.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) relapse, therapeutic failure, and a poor prognosis. However, Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is a mushroom that might have anticancer and other medicinal properties. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of combining the acidic RNA protein complex FA-2-b-β extracted from AbM with imatinib (IM) on MDR in the K562/ADR leukemia cell line in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. The combination of FA-2-b-β and IM significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in K562/ADR cells compared with either alone. Western blotting (WB) revealed that the combination significantly reduced p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR protein expression. The combination also inhibited tumor growth in mice with K562/ADR xenografts. These findings suggested that FA-2-b-β enhances the effects of IM on K562/ADR cell proliferation and apoptosis, potentially by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and downregulating P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression.

Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees because of the reaction of beeswax, pollen, and bee enzymes. Particularly, their biological activity and chemical content attract attention. Thus, in this study, the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances, Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ (cupric ions reducing activity [CUPRAC]), and Fe³⁺-TPTZ (ferric ions reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) reducing, and DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ scavenging assays in vitro antioxidant properties of propolis samples obtained from four different provinces of Türkiye were determined. In addition, the chemical content of propolis samples was quantitatively determined by LC–MS/MS, and the antiglaucoma property was revealed by hCAII enzyme inhibition. Propolis samples from Ordu presented the highest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content (492.3 ± 5.8 and 96.1 ± 2.1, respectively) and also highest antioxidant activity (DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ IC₅₀ [μg/mL]: 8.884 ± 0.84 and 4.589 ± 0.80, respectively; Fe⁺³, CUPRAC, and FRAP: 1.051 ± 0.012, 1.021 ± 0.008, and 0.957 ± 0.007 μg/mL, respectively). hCAII enzyme inhibition was highest in Muş propolis (IC₅₀ [μg/mL]: 8.6) as determined. By LC–MS/MS, 53 different components were screened and 35 bioactive components were determined. According to the results, propolis was found to be a raw material because it contains high concentrations of acacetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and quinic acid (123.824, 24.759, 47.779, and 16.32 mg analyte/g extract, respectively).

Ocimum gratissimum (OG) Linn is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is widely distributed in the coastal and savannah areas of tropical countries such as Brazil, Nigeria, India, and Mexico. In this report, the impact of acute and 28-day repeated oral polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum (PREOG) treatment was investigated in adult male Wistar rats using Lorke and stipulated OECD (420 and 407) guidelines with little modifications. In the acute test, (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg/kg) PREOG was orally administered using gavage at a single dose, and for 14 days, the animals were scrutinized for any signs of toxicity. In the 28-day oral PREOG test, the animals were allotted (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) PREOG daily over a period of 28 days; Control Group A received only distilled water, while Group B received corn oil. At the end of these studies, semen, blood, and tissues were collected for semen, hormonal, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses. No death and obvious signs of toxicity were recorded in both the acute and 28-day oral PREOG treatment, and PREOG was well tolerated even at 5000 mg/kg. Body weight gain, histopathology (liver, testes, and kidney), and hematological and biochemical parameters were unperturbed by the acute and 28-day oral PREOG treatment. Semen quality and hormonal and antioxidant capacity of the liver, testes, and kidney were also not impaired by the 28-day oral PREOG treatment. These studies demonstrated tolerability of PREOG by adult male rats and the 28-day oral PREOG treatment did not impair the reproductive and antioxidant capacity in adult male rats.

Chlorella, a single-celled green algae rich in proteins, holds promise as a source of bioactive peptides. This research aimed to isolate an antioxidant peptide from Chlorella, examining its stability through digestion. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), we identified optimal hydrolysis conditions for Chlorella Protein Hydrolysate (CPH): 55°C, pH 8.75, and an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 2.15%. These conditions led to CPH with notable radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (53.19 ± 0.99%), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (76.86 ± 0.28%), hydroxyl radical (53.39 ± 1.74%), and Fe²⁺ chelating rates of 22.56 ± 2.97%. Subsequently, peptides under 3 kDa isolated by ultrafication proved particularly stable and antioxidative after in vitro digestion. In addition, further purify to obtain component C1 with DPPH radical scavenging ability of 59.62 ± 1.29% and an Fe²⁺ chelating ability of 49.78 ± 1.55%. Subsequent LC-MS/MS identification and virtual screening led to the discovery of a stable and antioxidative peptide, Ser-Gly-His-His-Lys-Pro-Leu (SGHHKPL). The study provides the theoretical basis for the development and utilization of chlorella.

Traditional sparkling wines are obtained from a vinification process with an additional ‘second’ fermentation in the bottle, which has an essential impact on the sensorial characteristics. During this maturation phase, several compounds are released from the yeast in autolysis, including the tripeptide glutathione. This compound has recently gained more interest due to its role in the formation of polysulfides and the subsequent possibility of H₂S release post-bottling. Hence, the release of sulphur-containing compounds like glutathione during an ageing ‘sur lies’ ought to be considered regarding the accumulation and persistence of polysulfides. In this study, the presence of polysulfides in traditional sparkling wines was validated to gain a preliminary understanding of the role of ageing time and glutathione. UHPLC-HRMS allowed the detection of two glutathionyl trisulfides in a selection of different naturally sparkling wines. Besides, it was found that the wines from vintage 2020 had a relatively high formation of GS₃G and GS₃C compared to vintages 2018 and 2019. Moreover, a trend between the trisulfides and GSSC was observed, possibly related to glutathione condensation and cysteine uptake by the yeast. This study showed the presence of polysulfides in various sparkling wines for the first time, increasing the availability of the current knowledge on this topic.

Natural compounds and their derivatives have been identified as valuable sources of therapeutic ingredients for cancer treatment. The naturally occurring phytochemical palmatine (isoquinoline alkaloid) is extracted from plant parts (rhizomes, roots, stems, stem barks, and others) and has protective effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. This study aims to summarize the anticancer potential of palmatine and its derivatives in the treatment of numerous types of cancer with molecular mechanisms. We also include the pharmacokinetic features, botanical origin, and toxicological characteristics of palmatine and its derivatives. For this, data have been collected from plausible different electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, PubChem, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Link, and Wiley Online. The findings demonstrate that palmatine and its derivatives have a protective anticancer effect against a variety of cancers, including breast, colorectal, gastric, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, skin, hepatocellular cancer, and mammary gland tumors. They provoke their anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines via modifying molecular mechanisms like induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion and migration, arresting the cell cycle at the S phase, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic effects. It is suggested that palmatine and its derivatives may be a good option in the development of novel drugs for cancer therapy in the future.

Losses provoked by insect pests on stored cereals and legumes contribute immensely to reduce food security, especially in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The application of integrated control strategies, involving the use of synthetic pesticides, is often expensive and hazardous to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to optimize the production and use of biosilica from rice husk ashes, for the control of Sitophilus zeamais and Acanthoscelides obtectus, major insect pests of stored maize and common bean grains. The amorphous nature of the derived silica molecules coupled with the silanol and siloxane groups on their surfaces seemed to account for silica’s insecticidal effects on the pests, which were more on A. obtectus on common beans than S. zeamais on maize grains, with full mortalities obtained at doses of about 1.25 g per 50 g bean seeds and about 2.25 g per 50 g maize seeds, within 3 and 12 days, respectively. Similarly, the daily lethal dose (LD₅₀) of silica powder required to obtain the mortality of half of the insects was lower on common beans than on maize seeds. The reduced phytotoxic activity of the biosilica on the stored common bean and maize grains indicates therefore that it could make an ecofriendly alternative to conventional protectants for small quantities of stored grains. However, large-scale studies are needed in order to evaluate its potential use in grain storage systems.

Increasingly, insects are heralded as a sustainable and efficacious solution to global challenges of malnutrition and protein scarcity. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) advocates for the use of insects as a sustainable substitute for conventional animal-based proteins, in response to the escalating pressures on natural resources and the environment. This study focuses on Nudaurelia dione, exploring its nutritional and antinutritional profiles through rigorous laboratory analyses employing standardized methodologies. Our findings establish that N. dione is a potent source of macronutrients, providing significant quantities of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, with a calculated energy content of 413.64 ± 13.32 kcal per 100 g of dry matter (DM). The lipid fraction is particularly rich in essential fatty acids, including α-linolenic and linoleic acids. Additionally, the insect species contains high levels of essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Despite these nutritional benefits, the presence of considerable amounts of phytates (2059.96 ± 5.12 mg per 100 g of DM) poses potential health risks. Therefore, it is imperative to develop and apply appropriate processing methods to reduce these antinutritional factors effectively.

Tea plants, as essential health beverages, are widely recognized for their rich content of antioxidant metabolites. This study utilized metabolomics analysis techniques to compare the metabolic differences between Camellia tachangensis F. C. Zhang, Camellia gymnogyna Hung T. Chang, and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kunzte, aiming to reveal their potential antioxidant activities. By applying UPLC–MS/MS technology, we analyzed metabolites in the samples and identified 1056 metabolites. We utilized statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and principal component analysis to evaluate and compare the variations in the samples. An intersection analysis of metabolites from the three types of tea plants identified 29 major differential metabolites. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of these differential metabolites were conducted, ultimately discussing 24 antioxidant-related metabolites, primarily belonging to flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other categories. Among the three types of tea, C. tachangensis has the highest content of procyanidin B4, which is the most abundant substance in this tea. In terms of the impact of this substance on tea, it is known to have antioxidant properties and contributes to the overall antioxidant capacity of tea. In both C. gymnogyna and C. sinensis, the top 5 antioxidant metabolites include substances such as apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside (vicenin-2), epigallocatechin, and apigenin-5-O-glucoside. These substances belong to the flavonoid class and contribute to the antioxidant properties of these teas. Beyond the flavonoids and phenolic acids, other classes of metabolites in tea plants also exhibited significant antioxidant properties. These different metabolites play a key role in the antioxidant function of tea, contributing to their potential health benefits. The metabolites provide crucial insights for exploring and developing high-antioxidant products that occur naturally.