M. Basly, R. Achour, I. Aissa, A. Abdalah, S. B. Jemaa, M. Chibani, R. Rachdi
Spontaneous bilateral ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy. Bilateral tubal pregnancies in the absence ofpreceding induction of ovulation are a rare occurrence, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 725 to 1 in 1580 ectopicpregnancies.They are usually diagnosed at the time of surgery.We report a case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancies diagnosed intraoperatively. A 33-year-old patient was admitted after light vaginal bleeding, 35 days after her last menstruation.A bilateral salpingectomy was performed without complication and the pathology report confirmed the diagnosis. This is an unusual case of early diagnosis.The diagnosis of bilateral tubal pregnancy is usually madeintraoperatively. This underscores the importance ofidentifying and closely examining both tubes at the time ofsurgery, even in the presence of significant adhesive disease.
{"title":"Extra-Uterine Twin Pregnancy. Case Report Of Spontaneous Bilateral Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy","authors":"M. Basly, R. Achour, I. Aissa, A. Abdalah, S. B. Jemaa, M. Chibani, R. Rachdi","doi":"10.5580/2bbb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2bbb","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous bilateral ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy. Bilateral tubal pregnancies in the absence ofpreceding induction of ovulation are a rare occurrence, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 725 to 1 in 1580 ectopicpregnancies.They are usually diagnosed at the time of surgery.We report a case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancies diagnosed intraoperatively. A 33-year-old patient was admitted after light vaginal bleeding, 35 days after her last menstruation.A bilateral salpingectomy was performed without complication and the pathology report confirmed the diagnosis. This is an unusual case of early diagnosis.The diagnosis of bilateral tubal pregnancy is usually madeintraoperatively. This underscores the importance ofidentifying and closely examining both tubes at the time ofsurgery, even in the presence of significant adhesive disease.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123149576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Ojiyi Emeka, Dike Ephraim Ifeanyichukwu, Anolue Fredrick Chinwendu, Audu Bala Mohammmed, N. Henry
Aim: To study the association between reproductive factors and human papilloma virus (HPV) of the cervix.Method: The subjects were 450 randomly selected sexually active women attending the antenatal, postnatal, gynaecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between April 2001 and May 2002. The Pap smears of these patients were examined microscopically for evidence of HPV Infection. Questionnaires assessing various marital characteristics of the patients were administered.Result: Abnormal smears occurred in 245 (54.5%) of the patients screened. Forty eight women (10.7%) had HPV associated changes constituting 19.6% of all abnormal smears. Their ages ranged between 15 and 64 years, with a mean of 26±3 years. There was a statistically significant association between reproductive factors and genital HPV infection.Conclusion: Multiparous women and women on contraceptives are at increased risk of acquiring infection of the cervix and should be the target in a sporadic or an organized cervical cancer screening program without discriminating other sexually active women.
{"title":"The Influence Of Reproductive Factors On Genital Human Papilloma Virus","authors":"Emmanuel Ojiyi Emeka, Dike Ephraim Ifeanyichukwu, Anolue Fredrick Chinwendu, Audu Bala Mohammmed, N. Henry","doi":"10.5580/2e79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2e79","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the association between reproductive factors and human papilloma virus (HPV) of the cervix.Method: The subjects were 450 randomly selected sexually active women attending the antenatal, postnatal, gynaecology and family planning clinics in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between April 2001 and May 2002. The Pap smears of these patients were examined microscopically for evidence of HPV Infection. Questionnaires assessing various marital characteristics of the patients were administered.Result: Abnormal smears occurred in 245 (54.5%) of the patients screened. Forty eight women (10.7%) had HPV associated changes constituting 19.6% of all abnormal smears. Their ages ranged between 15 and 64 years, with a mean of 26±3 years. There was a statistically significant association between reproductive factors and genital HPV infection.Conclusion: Multiparous women and women on contraceptives are at increased risk of acquiring infection of the cervix and should be the target in a sporadic or an organized cervical cancer screening program without discriminating other sexually active women.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129376467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 16 year-old unmarried girl presented with intermenstrual discharge per vagina. Examination and investigation revealed uterus didelphys, hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis with haematocolpos. Patient was treated with drainage of the haematocolpos and excision of the vaginal septum.
{"title":"Coexisting Covert And Overt Menstruation","authors":"S. Ghose, D. Maurya, M. Gowda, M. Manikandan","doi":"10.5580/2ed2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ed2","url":null,"abstract":"A 16 year-old unmarried girl presented with intermenstrual discharge per vagina. Examination and investigation revealed uterus didelphys, hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis with haematocolpos. Patient was treated with drainage of the haematocolpos and excision of the vaginal septum.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126172261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective:1. To measure the endometrial thickness by transabdominal or trans-vaginal sonography in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.2. To correlate the endometrial thickness with histopathological diagnosis in these patients.Methods70 patients with postmenopausal bleeding were enrolled. Results The mean age of study population was 50 to 80 years. There were 5.71% cases of adenocarcinoma of endometrium. No case of abnormal high risk type of endometrium was diagnosed with an endometrial thickness of less than cut off value of 4mm. The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonography as a screening modality was 100% and 72.73% respectively. Conclusion The study validated the use of transvaginal sonography as a screening tool for patients with postmenopausal bleeding.
{"title":"To Validate The Use Of Trans Vaginal Sonography – A Non Invasive Tool As A Screening Method For Patients With Postmenopausal Bleeding","authors":"H. Kaur, L. Goyal, Parminder Kaur","doi":"10.5580/2ed9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ed9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:1. To measure the endometrial thickness by transabdominal or trans-vaginal sonography in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.2. To correlate the endometrial thickness with histopathological diagnosis in these patients.Methods70 patients with postmenopausal bleeding were enrolled. Results The mean age of study population was 50 to 80 years. There were 5.71% cases of adenocarcinoma of endometrium. No case of abnormal high risk type of endometrium was diagnosed with an endometrial thickness of less than cut off value of 4mm. The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal sonography as a screening modality was 100% and 72.73% respectively. Conclusion The study validated the use of transvaginal sonography as a screening tool for patients with postmenopausal bleeding.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131016603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectivePelvic floor muscle exercises are effective in treating stress incontinence, yet prevention studies demonstrate equivocal findings. This study identifies the presence of stress urinary incontinence and compares the role of conservative physiotherapy management in perineal muscle function among obese, older Saudi women.MethodsRandomized controlled trial of perimenopausal overweight women recruited from Jazan general hospital, KSA. Data were collected from 2010-2011. Females were randomized to an intervention (n = 29) and control group (n = 27). The intervention group received regular pelvic floor muscle exercise training (8-12 maximal contractions) taught at the physiotherapy clinic with repeated sessions at home for a period of three months. ResultsThe intervention group reported fewer episodes of incontinence and a better score on the visual analogue scale and periniometry, indicating better pelvic floor muscle function.ConclusionPelvic floor muscle treatment is most beneficial in older obese multiparous women with stress urinary incontinence who participate in a supervised pelvic floor muscle training program for at least three months.
{"title":"Role Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy In Obese Perimenopausal Females With Stress Incontinence: A Randomized Control Trial","authors":"K. Abdulaziz, T. Hasan","doi":"10.5580/2e58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2e58","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivePelvic floor muscle exercises are effective in treating stress incontinence, yet prevention studies demonstrate equivocal findings. This study identifies the presence of stress urinary incontinence and compares the role of conservative physiotherapy management in perineal muscle function among obese, older Saudi women.MethodsRandomized controlled trial of perimenopausal overweight women recruited from Jazan general hospital, KSA. Data were collected from 2010-2011. Females were randomized to an intervention (n = 29) and control group (n = 27). The intervention group received regular pelvic floor muscle exercise training (8-12 maximal contractions) taught at the physiotherapy clinic with repeated sessions at home for a period of three months. ResultsThe intervention group reported fewer episodes of incontinence and a better score on the visual analogue scale and periniometry, indicating better pelvic floor muscle function.ConclusionPelvic floor muscle treatment is most beneficial in older obese multiparous women with stress urinary incontinence who participate in a supervised pelvic floor muscle training program for at least three months.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126606110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Study objects: To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic approach for symptomatic ovarian cyst in pregnancy. Design: This is a retrospective analysis of symptomatic ovarian cysts in pregnancy of four pregnant women managed by Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy. Setting: Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia A Teaching tertiary hospital for under and postgraduate students . Patients: Four ante-natal patients with symptomatic ovarian cysts of different sizes ranging from 12 weeks to 26 weeks in 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy from August 2005 to May 2007. Intervention: Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy in pregnancy.Measurements and Main results: Out of 4 four cases, two in first trimester of pregnancy about 9-11/52 (nine to eleven weeks) size presented with acute abdomen. Others were in about 14 to 18 weeks with recurrent pressure symptoms contributing to continuous lower abdominal pain and urinary obstruction. The size of cysts varied from 12weeks to 26 weeks of pregnancy with clinical diagnosis of serious cyst adenoma in 2 cases and dermoid cyst in another two cases. All patients were duly counseled about the probable anesthesia risk and also the benefits and risks of the open versus laparoscopic approach. Under general anesthesia all case were successfully operated maintaining 10 mm Hg intra abdominal pressure without any Trendlenburg position. Mean blood loss was less than 50 cc with average operating time less than 50 minutes. Mean hospital stay was about 36 hours. There was no miscarriage or preterm labour. All except one(caesarean section) had spontaneous uneventful vaginal delivery with normal apgar score without any gross abnormality. On follow-up, both mothers and babies are well. Histopathology reported benign serous cystadenoma in two cases and mature dermoid cysts in other cases. No evidence of malignancy seen. On follow up all babies had normal growth chart. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Assisted Ovarian Cystectomy in pregnancy in selected cases is a feasible, safe,qualitative and an alternative option.
{"title":"Symptomatic Ovarian Cyst In Pregnancy -Laparoscopic Assisted Ovarian Cystectomy —An Alternative, Qualitative, Feasible, Safe Option.","authors":"R. N. Behera","doi":"10.5580/2ed7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ed7","url":null,"abstract":"Study objects: To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic approach for symptomatic ovarian cyst in pregnancy. Design: This is a retrospective analysis of symptomatic ovarian cysts in pregnancy of four pregnant women managed by Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy. Setting: Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia A Teaching tertiary hospital for under and postgraduate students . Patients: Four ante-natal patients with symptomatic ovarian cysts of different sizes ranging from 12 weeks to 26 weeks in 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy from August 2005 to May 2007. Intervention: Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy in pregnancy.Measurements and Main results: Out of 4 four cases, two in first trimester of pregnancy about 9-11/52 (nine to eleven weeks) size presented with acute abdomen. Others were in about 14 to 18 weeks with recurrent pressure symptoms contributing to continuous lower abdominal pain and urinary obstruction. The size of cysts varied from 12weeks to 26 weeks of pregnancy with clinical diagnosis of serious cyst adenoma in 2 cases and dermoid cyst in another two cases. All patients were duly counseled about the probable anesthesia risk and also the benefits and risks of the open versus laparoscopic approach. Under general anesthesia all case were successfully operated maintaining 10 mm Hg intra abdominal pressure without any Trendlenburg position. Mean blood loss was less than 50 cc with average operating time less than 50 minutes. Mean hospital stay was about 36 hours. There was no miscarriage or preterm labour. All except one(caesarean section) had spontaneous uneventful vaginal delivery with normal apgar score without any gross abnormality. On follow-up, both mothers and babies are well. Histopathology reported benign serous cystadenoma in two cases and mature dermoid cysts in other cases. No evidence of malignancy seen. On follow up all babies had normal growth chart. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Assisted Ovarian Cystectomy in pregnancy in selected cases is a feasible, safe,qualitative and an alternative option.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kavitha, Tham Seng Who, Sachchithanantham Kanagasabai, Faizah Ahmad
We report a case of synchronous cervical adenocarcinoma with borderline mucinous ovarian tumourin a 22 year old virgin who presented with prolonged bleeding and dysmenorrhoea of four months duration. A transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated fluid in the endometrial cavity. This was confirmed by MRI pelvisrevealing adistended endometrial cavity with cervical stenosis. Evacuation revealed hematometra and the post evacuation uterine cavity is empty. She was discharged and subsequently presented at three months with acute urinary retention and heavy bleeding. A CT pelvisshowed complex bilateral ovarian cyst with minimal ascites, an enlarged paraaortic node at L2 and hematometrawith cervical stenosis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with cystectomy, supracolicomentectomy with uterine and cervical biopsy. The histopathology shows bilateral borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary with metastatic omental nodules and primary well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The subsequent CT thorax revealed metastatic pulmonary nodules. In view of advanced cervical adenocarcinoma, she was advised palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel for six cycles. She has currently completed one cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusion:This case is one of the rare presentations of synchronous tumours of different histology with primary cervical adenocarcinoma and bilateral borderline ovarian tumour occurring in a virgin with atypical clinical presentation and rapid progression.
{"title":"A Case Of Two Synchronous Tumour Of Different Histology - Advanced Cervical Adenocarcinoma With Borderline Mucinous Ovarian Tumour In A 22 Year Old Virgin.","authors":"N. Kavitha, Tham Seng Who, Sachchithanantham Kanagasabai, Faizah Ahmad","doi":"10.5580/2bbc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2bbc","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of synchronous cervical adenocarcinoma with borderline mucinous ovarian tumourin a 22 year old virgin who presented with prolonged bleeding and dysmenorrhoea of four months duration. A transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated fluid in the endometrial cavity. This was confirmed by MRI pelvisrevealing adistended endometrial cavity with cervical stenosis. Evacuation revealed hematometra and the post evacuation uterine cavity is empty. She was discharged and subsequently presented at three months with acute urinary retention and heavy bleeding. A CT pelvisshowed complex bilateral ovarian cyst with minimal ascites, an enlarged paraaortic node at L2 and hematometrawith cervical stenosis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed with cystectomy, supracolicomentectomy with uterine and cervical biopsy. The histopathology shows bilateral borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary with metastatic omental nodules and primary well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The subsequent CT thorax revealed metastatic pulmonary nodules. In view of advanced cervical adenocarcinoma, she was advised palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel for six cycles. She has currently completed one cycle of chemotherapy. Conclusion:This case is one of the rare presentations of synchronous tumours of different histology with primary cervical adenocarcinoma and bilateral borderline ovarian tumour occurring in a virgin with atypical clinical presentation and rapid progression.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127298889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: There is a general aversion to caesarean section among Nigerian women. However, with increasing safety of the procedure and better enlightenment, more women are beginning to accept the procedure. To maintain this increasing acceptability, Caesarean section rate as well as its attendant morbidity and mortality must be reduced to the barest minimal levels. The aim of the study is to determine the rate and the complications associated with Caesarean section at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu.Methods: A four-year descriptive study from June 2004 to May 2008 from the Obstetrics Department of Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu was conducted. All pregnant women that delivered by Caesarean section was included. The data were analyzed using simple percentages, p-value and chi-square where necessary.Results: There were 363 (33.2%) mothers who underwent Caesarean sections out of 1094 deliveries in the unit during the period under review. Postoperative complications occurred in 52 patients (14.5%). The complications cut across all reproductive age groups and parity. The commonest complications encountered were wound infection (11.5%), postpartum haemorrhage (10.1%) and anaemia (6.4%). The mortality rate was 0.8%.Conclusion: The caesarean section rate of 33.2% and complication rate of 14.5% are still high even though they are less than the figures quoted for some environments. There is still need to reduce this rate to the barest minimum for us to be able to sustain the gains of the past.
{"title":"Appraisal Of Caesarean Section At The Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Southeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Emeka E Ojiyi, E. Dike, F. Anolue, Chukwulebe Ae","doi":"10.5580/2eca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2eca","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a general aversion to caesarean section among Nigerian women. However, with increasing safety of the procedure and better enlightenment, more women are beginning to accept the procedure. To maintain this increasing acceptability, Caesarean section rate as well as its attendant morbidity and mortality must be reduced to the barest minimal levels. The aim of the study is to determine the rate and the complications associated with Caesarean section at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu.Methods: A four-year descriptive study from June 2004 to May 2008 from the Obstetrics Department of Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu was conducted. All pregnant women that delivered by Caesarean section was included. The data were analyzed using simple percentages, p-value and chi-square where necessary.Results: There were 363 (33.2%) mothers who underwent Caesarean sections out of 1094 deliveries in the unit during the period under review. Postoperative complications occurred in 52 patients (14.5%). The complications cut across all reproductive age groups and parity. The commonest complications encountered were wound infection (11.5%), postpartum haemorrhage (10.1%) and anaemia (6.4%). The mortality rate was 0.8%.Conclusion: The caesarean section rate of 33.2% and complication rate of 14.5% are still high even though they are less than the figures quoted for some environments. There is still need to reduce this rate to the barest minimum for us to be able to sustain the gains of the past.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125669466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: More than 90% of paediatric HIV infections occur through mother-to-child transmission. This study was conducted to determine the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and the effect of antenatal antiretroviral therapy at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results of babies at 6 weeks of age whose mothers tested positive to Human Immune-deficiency Virus while pregnant at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu from 1 April 2008 to 31 July 2010 was made. Data on PCR result, baby’s sex, attendance at the antenatal clinic and prophylactic antiretroviral therapy (ART) were extracted and analyzed. Results: The mother-to-child transmission rate was 13.6%. The mothers of all the positive babies were unbooked and had no form of antenatal care or ART while pregnant. The male:female birth ratio was 1:1.07. Fifty four (66.7%) of the women were unbooked. Conclusion: The mother-to-child transmission rate at Orlu is still high. As this transmission was confounded to unbooked patients who had no ART in pregnancy, efforts should be made towards increasing the percentage of booked cases. Also maternities, hospitals and even TBA’s should encouraged their clients to go for voluntary counseling and testing. There should also be improvement on interventions to reduce this which should include early booking, adequate antenatal care services, use of prophylactic antiretroviral drugs and modified obstetric practices.
{"title":"Mother-To-Child Transmission Rate Of HIV At Orlu, South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"C. Okeudo, B. Ezem, E. Ojiyi","doi":"10.5580/2ba2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ba2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: More than 90% of paediatric HIV infections occur through mother-to-child transmission. This study was conducted to determine the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and the effect of antenatal antiretroviral therapy at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the case records of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results of babies at 6 weeks of age whose mothers tested positive to Human Immune-deficiency Virus while pregnant at the Imo State University Teaching Hospital (IMSUTH), Orlu from 1 April 2008 to 31 July 2010 was made. Data on PCR result, baby’s sex, attendance at the antenatal clinic and prophylactic antiretroviral therapy (ART) were extracted and analyzed. Results: The mother-to-child transmission rate was 13.6%. The mothers of all the positive babies were unbooked and had no form of antenatal care or ART while pregnant. The male:female birth ratio was 1:1.07. Fifty four (66.7%) of the women were unbooked. Conclusion: The mother-to-child transmission rate at Orlu is still high. As this transmission was confounded to unbooked patients who had no ART in pregnancy, efforts should be made towards increasing the percentage of booked cases. Also maternities, hospitals and even TBA’s should encouraged their clients to go for voluntary counseling and testing. There should also be improvement on interventions to reduce this which should include early booking, adequate antenatal care services, use of prophylactic antiretroviral drugs and modified obstetric practices.","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128261702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionCervical malignancy is amongst the most common malignancies that affect women. It has a long precancerous stage providing tremendous scope for early diagnosis and treatment. Though directed biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and Papinacolou staining (Pap Smear) is currently the most effective screening method, both require an expensive and expertise demanding setup. In developing countries where such provisions are limited, an economical and easier effective alternative is desirable. Onesuch method is visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA Test). Study designOne year prospective study was carried out at Government Lalla Ded hospital Srinagar from June 2006 to May 2007 in which 1000 married, sexually active women attending gynecology OPD were screened for cervical disease using VIA as the screening tool. All women were further subjected to colposcopy and selected cases further underwent directed cervical biopsy. ResultsAmong the 1000 women screened, 170(17%) tested VIA positive. Most of these were from rural areas (87.6%), multipara (para3 and above were 91.7%) and of low socio-economic class (65.8%) with average age less than 20 years in (62.9%). From the VIA positive group 98(58%) women on further screening by colposcopy had abnormal findings as well and 72(42%) had no colposcopic findings.Women with abnormal colposcopy and positive VIA results were further evaluated with directed biopsy. 35(36%) out of 98 VIA and colposcopy positive women had abnormal histopathology findings on directed biopsy. ConclusionIna resource limited setting,VIA can be used as a good alternative for screening women for cervical cancer
{"title":"Screening For Cervical Carcinoma By VIA","authors":"A. Qureshi, S. Rather, Pooja Bhagat","doi":"10.5580/2e5b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2e5b","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionCervical malignancy is amongst the most common malignancies that affect women. It has a long precancerous stage providing tremendous scope for early diagnosis and treatment. Though directed biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and Papinacolou staining (Pap Smear) is currently the most effective screening method, both require an expensive and expertise demanding setup. In developing countries where such provisions are limited, an economical and easier effective alternative is desirable. Onesuch method is visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA Test). Study designOne year prospective study was carried out at Government Lalla Ded hospital Srinagar from June 2006 to May 2007 in which 1000 married, sexually active women attending gynecology OPD were screened for cervical disease using VIA as the screening tool. All women were further subjected to colposcopy and selected cases further underwent directed cervical biopsy. ResultsAmong the 1000 women screened, 170(17%) tested VIA positive. Most of these were from rural areas (87.6%), multipara (para3 and above were 91.7%) and of low socio-economic class (65.8%) with average age less than 20 years in (62.9%). From the VIA positive group 98(58%) women on further screening by colposcopy had abnormal findings as well and 72(42%) had no colposcopic findings.Women with abnormal colposcopy and positive VIA results were further evaluated with directed biopsy. 35(36%) out of 98 VIA and colposcopy positive women had abnormal histopathology findings on directed biopsy. ConclusionIna resource limited setting,VIA can be used as a good alternative for screening women for cervical cancer","PeriodicalId":158103,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123881861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：