M. O. Mohammed, O. Angbagh, A. Muhammad, U. Abubakar, A. Salihu, A. Umar, M. Bello, A.O. Iyiola, Y.A. Isah
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tamarindus indica has been used as a traditional medicine for various purposes. Wound healing is a complex process that involves a series of immunological and biological events. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing potential of Tamarindus indica seed extract in Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: The study involved creating a 1.5cm full thickness wound on the dorsal region of 16 healthy Wistar rats. After the excision of the wound, the animals were grouped into four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of four animals per group. Untreated, Silver Sulphadiazine, 1% Tamarindus indica seed extract and 2% Tamarindus indica seed extract were respectively applied to group (A, B, C and D) for the period of 13 days. And the histological analysis of the wound area was performed on the 14th day. RESULTS: The results showed that 2% of aqueous Tamarindus indica seed extract significantly improved wound healing rates and was better in term of efficacy when compared to the standard drug (Silver Sulphadiazine). It also enhanced the cellular proliferation, blood vessel formation, epidermal regeneration, granulation tissue formation, and collagen formation. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that Tamarindus indica seed extract had wound healing potential, and that the effect was dose dependent.
{"title":"Histological evaluation of wound healing potential of aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica seed extract in Wistar rats.","authors":"M. O. Mohammed, O. Angbagh, A. Muhammad, U. Abubakar, A. Salihu, A. Umar, M. Bello, A.O. Iyiola, Y.A. Isah","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tamarindus indica has been used as a traditional medicine for various purposes. Wound healing is a complex process that involves a series of immunological and biological events. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing potential of Tamarindus indica seed extract in Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: The study involved creating a 1.5cm full thickness wound on the dorsal region of 16 healthy Wistar rats. After the excision of the wound, the animals were grouped into four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of four animals per group. Untreated, Silver Sulphadiazine, 1% Tamarindus indica seed extract and 2% Tamarindus indica seed extract were respectively applied to group (A, B, C and D) for the period of 13 days. And the histological analysis of the wound area was performed on the 14th day. \u0000RESULTS: The results showed that 2% of aqueous Tamarindus indica seed extract significantly improved wound healing rates and was better in term of efficacy when compared to the standard drug (Silver Sulphadiazine). It also enhanced the cellular proliferation, blood vessel formation, epidermal regeneration, granulation tissue formation, and collagen formation. \u0000CONCLUSION: The study revealed that Tamarindus indica seed extract had wound healing potential, and that the effect was dose dependent.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C.E. Fischer, M. I. Ekanem, E.A. Agaba, V.A. Fischer
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on education globally. Most students have lost months of educational experience that is considered fundamental. This study aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by anatomy students during the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of anatomy students regarding online education and standard operating procedures for anatomical practical. METHODOLOGY: The study involved the use of questionnaires and google forms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from this study show that COVID-19 has immensely affected how human anatomy is taught however, it has also opened up the possibilities of unconventional anatomy teaching in Nigeria. The current coronavirus pandemic has revealed the gaps in medical education. It has also shown some benefits of integrating virtual teaching and learning in the medical curriculum, primarily human anatomy. This blended learning approach will help anatomical education thrive in technology-based teaching and learning.
{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 on the teaching of anatomy.","authors":"C.E. Fischer, M. I. Ekanem, E.A. Agaba, V.A. Fischer","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on education globally. Most students have lost months of educational experience that is considered fundamental. This study aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by anatomy students during the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of anatomy students regarding online education and standard operating procedures for anatomical practical. \u0000METHODOLOGY: The study involved the use of questionnaires and google forms. \u0000RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from this study show that COVID-19 has immensely affected how human anatomy is taught however, it has also opened up the possibilities of unconventional anatomy teaching in Nigeria. The current coronavirus pandemic has revealed the gaps in medical education. It has also shown some benefits of integrating virtual teaching and learning in the medical curriculum, primarily human anatomy. This blended learning approach will help anatomical education thrive in technology-based teaching and learning.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 100","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Understanding skeletal patterns is essential for choosing a proper treatment mechanics as well as understanding different populations all over the world. This radiological imaging study was carried out to evaluate, classify and document sex and age differences in terms of alveolar index in South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A total of 627 (379 males and 248 females) normal lateral skull radiographs images were used, with ages ranging between 18 and 100years, obtained from the archives (2009-2016) of five different hospitals, all within the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The 627 radiographs were divided into five age groups for both the males and females. To determine the alveolar index, the Basion-prosthion and Basion-nasion distance were measured using a millimeter rule and the ratio between them calculated in percentage. All radiographs were certified normal as contained in the medical report. RESULTS: The mean basion – prosthion length was 107.64±9.33mm for males and 108.07±7.90 for females, basion-nasion length was 101.85±9.12mm for males, 102.51±7.77mm for females. The mean alveolar index was 105.73±2.54% for males and 105.47±1.74% for females. The findings of this study however, shows that Nigerians are predominantly prognathous with alveolar index value greater than 103. It also shows that Basion-Prosthion length, Basion-nasion length and Alveolar index can be used as age determinant. CONCLUSION: The data from this study will serve as an important tool in the hands of maxillofacial surgeons, Orthodontists and aesthetic anatomist in facial reconstruction purposes.
{"title":"Radiological classification of adult skulls using alveolar index among Nigerians residing within the south-south geopolitical zone","authors":"J. Williams, N.O. Egbe, G. Udo-Affah, M.A. Eluwa","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Understanding skeletal patterns is essential for choosing a proper treatment mechanics as well as understanding different populations all over the world. This radiological imaging study was carried out to evaluate, classify and document sex and age differences in terms of alveolar index in South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A total of 627 (379 males and 248 females) normal lateral skull radiographs images were used, with ages ranging between 18 and 100years, obtained from the archives (2009-2016) of five different hospitals, all within the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The 627 radiographs were divided into five age groups for both the males and females. To determine the alveolar index, the Basion-prosthion and Basion-nasion distance were measured using a millimeter rule and the ratio between them calculated in percentage. All radiographs were certified normal as contained in the medical report. \u0000RESULTS: The mean basion – prosthion length was 107.64±9.33mm for males and 108.07±7.90 for females, basion-nasion length was 101.85±9.12mm for males, 102.51±7.77mm for females. The mean alveolar index was 105.73±2.54% for males and 105.47±1.74% for females. The findings of this study however, shows that Nigerians are predominantly prognathous with alveolar index value greater than 103. It also shows that Basion-Prosthion length, Basion-nasion length and Alveolar index can be used as age determinant. \u0000CONCLUSION: The data from this study will serve as an important tool in the hands of maxillofacial surgeons, Orthodontists and aesthetic anatomist in facial reconstruction purposes.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alcoholism is a significant cause of disease with serious social and economic implications and consequent effect on the brain, liver and cardiovascular system. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been studied for its potential hepatoprotective effects, and some studies have explored its relation to liver health. However, few literatures demonstrated the hepatoprotective activities of Neem on alcohol-induced liver toxicity, hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of Neem on alcohol-induced liver damage. METHODOLOGY: Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 170 grams were divided into six groups,(I-VI) of 5 rats per group and received, 1 ml of distilled water for 28 days, 1 ml of 50% alcohol only, 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica respectively. Alcohol and Azadirachta indica were administered for 14 eacg. At the end of the 14 and 28 days of treatment, blood and liver tissue were collected for analysis of liver function test and histology of the liver respectively. RESULTS: There was significant reduction in weight changes in rats treated with 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica when compared to control. There was significant increase (P˂0.05) AST in the alcohol only group when compared to control which was reversed with treatment of Azadirachta indica. There was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in TP, ALB, TB levels of alcoholic groups treated with 500 mg/kg body weights of Azadirachta indica when compared to alcohol only group. Histopathological analysis showed improved architecture in rats liver treated with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica. CONCLUSION: Azadirachta indica has hepatoprotective and ameliorative activities against alcohol-induced liver toxicity by enhancing the activities of AST, AST, TB TP, ALB and normal liver architecture as observed in this study.
{"title":"Evaluating the ameliorative effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract on alcohol-induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats.","authors":"E. Obayuwana, J.N. Okereke","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alcoholism is a significant cause of disease with serious social and economic implications and consequent effect on the brain, liver and cardiovascular system. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been studied for its potential hepatoprotective effects, and some studies have explored its relation to liver health. However, few literatures demonstrated the hepatoprotective activities of Neem on alcohol-induced liver toxicity, hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of Neem on alcohol-induced liver damage. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 170 grams were divided into six groups,(I-VI) of 5 rats per group and received, 1 ml of distilled water for 28 days, 1 ml of 50% alcohol only, 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica respectively. Alcohol and Azadirachta indica were administered for 14 eacg. At the end of the 14 and 28 days of treatment, blood and liver tissue were collected for analysis of liver function test and histology of the liver respectively. \u0000RESULTS: There was significant reduction in weight changes in rats treated with 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica when compared to control. There was significant increase (P˂0.05) AST in the alcohol only group when compared to control which was reversed with treatment of Azadirachta indica. There was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in TP, ALB, TB levels of alcoholic groups treated with 500 mg/kg body weights of Azadirachta indica when compared to alcohol only group. Histopathological analysis showed improved architecture in rats liver treated with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica. \u0000CONCLUSION: Azadirachta indica has hepatoprotective and ameliorative activities against alcohol-induced liver toxicity by enhancing the activities of AST, AST, TB TP, ALB and normal liver architecture as observed in this study.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 97","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Ekpo, U. E. Umana, A. Sadeeq, O.P. Gbenga, B. Onimisi, K.B. Raji, S. Suleiman, I.B. Isaiah
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tramadol abuse has a substantial risk of altering the histoarchitecture and causing cognitive decline. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tramadol on cognitive function and histopathological changes in the structures of the hippocampal formation. METHODOLOGY: Twelve apparently healthy Wistar rats (120-150g) were used for this study. They were divided into two groups with six (n=6) rats in each group. The control group was given 2ml/kg of distilled water while 50 mg/kg of tramadol was given to group 2 orally for 21 days. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was utilized to assess spatial learning and memory over the last six days of the experiment. The rats were euthanized and brains harvested, fixed in 10% formol saline, and processed routinely using haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) for general histoarchitecture. RESULTS: The result of MWM showed a prolonged time taken and longer distance covered to locate the escape platform in the acquisition phase while the probe test showed less time spent in the target quadrant in which the platform was previously located in the tramadol-treated group. Histologically, there were several neuronal degenerative changes presenting as pyknotic nuclei, dark neurons, vacuolations, congested blood vessels, karyorrhexis, necrotic cells, and infiltration of cells in the various layers of the structures of the hippocampal formation. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study revealed changes in spatial learning and memory, and hippocampal formation histopathology.
{"title":"Tramadol induces alterations in the cognitive function and histoarchitectural features of the hippocampal formation in adult Wistar rats.","authors":"U. Ekpo, U. E. Umana, A. Sadeeq, O.P. Gbenga, B. Onimisi, K.B. Raji, S. Suleiman, I.B. Isaiah","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tramadol abuse has a substantial risk of altering the histoarchitecture and causing cognitive decline. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tramadol on cognitive function and histopathological changes in the structures of the hippocampal formation. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twelve apparently healthy Wistar rats (120-150g) were used for this study. They were divided into two groups with six (n=6) rats in each group. The control group was given 2ml/kg of distilled water while 50 mg/kg of tramadol was given to group 2 orally for 21 days. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was utilized to assess spatial learning and memory over the last six days of the experiment. The rats were euthanized and brains harvested, fixed in 10% formol saline, and processed routinely using haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) for general histoarchitecture. \u0000RESULTS: The result of MWM showed a prolonged time taken and longer distance covered to locate the escape platform in the acquisition phase while the probe test showed less time spent in the target quadrant in which the platform was previously located in the tramadol-treated group. Histologically, there were several neuronal degenerative changes presenting as pyknotic nuclei, dark neurons, vacuolations, congested blood vessels, karyorrhexis, necrotic cells, and infiltration of cells in the various layers of the structures of the hippocampal formation. \u0000CONCLUSION: Findings from this study revealed changes in spatial learning and memory, and hippocampal formation histopathology.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Footprint is a mark left behind by an individual while walking or standing which is an important tools in crime investigation. METHODOLOGY: The present study was carried out in Abakaliki and 300 male subjects between ages of 18-30years participated in this research exercise. Each Subjects height were measured and asked to stand on an endorsement ink poured on a slab before undergoing static and dynamic footprints exercise of seven step walkway protocol using a white duplicating paper. The white duplicating paper was arranged on a floor and each subject footprint were obtained. The Footprint length (FTL), Footprint breadth ball (FBB) and Foot breadth at heel (FBH) were measured from the imprint left on the white duplicating paper of each subjects using a meter rule and pencil. The measurements were expressed in centimeters and analyzed into mean±standard and correlation coefficients using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The significant level was set as P>0.01. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result shows slightly greater values in static footprint measurements than dynamic footprint and the result were significant. The studies is significance in ergonomics footwear designing.
背景：脚印是一个人在行走或站立时留下的痕迹，是犯罪调查的重要工具。方法：本研究在阿巴卡利基进行，300 名年龄在 18-30 岁之间的男性受试者参加了研究活动。研究人员测量了每位受试者的身高，并要求受试者站在浇在石板上的代言墨水上，然后使用白色复写纸进行静态和动态脚印练习，即七步走协议。将白色复写纸放在地板上，然后获取每个受试者的脚印。使用米尺和铅笔根据每个受试者留在白色复写纸上的脚印测量脚印长度（FTL）、脚印球宽（FBB）和脚跟宽（FBH）。测量结果以厘米为单位，并用 IBM 社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）25.0 版分析其平均值±标准值和相关系数。显着水平设定为 P>0.01。结果与结论：结果显示，静态脚印测量值略大于动态脚印测量值，且结果具有显著性。该研究对人体工程学鞋类设计具有重要意义。
{"title":"Static and dynamic footprint analysis among young indigenous Izzi male adults residing in Abakaliki metropolis.","authors":"I.I. Nkanu, O.A. Egwu, C.E. Igwe","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Footprint is a mark left behind by an individual while walking or standing which is an important tools in crime investigation. \u0000METHODOLOGY: The present study was carried out in Abakaliki and 300 male subjects between ages of 18-30years participated in this research exercise. Each Subjects height were measured and asked to stand on an endorsement ink poured on a slab before undergoing static and dynamic footprints exercise of seven step walkway protocol using a white duplicating paper. The white duplicating paper was arranged on a floor and each subject footprint were obtained. The Footprint length (FTL), Footprint breadth ball (FBB) and Foot breadth at heel (FBH) were measured from the imprint left on the white duplicating paper of each subjects using a meter rule and pencil. The measurements were expressed in centimeters and analyzed into mean±standard and correlation coefficients using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The significant level was set as P>0.01. \u0000RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result shows slightly greater values in static footprint measurements than dynamic footprint and the result were significant. The studies is significance in ergonomics footwear designing.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 99","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V), major constituents of crude oil, have been shown to induce neurotoxic responses. However, there is paucity of reports on the impact of their combined exposure and likely potentiating consequences. This study aimed to assess the effect of Ni and V co-exposure on the thalamus of rats, by evaluating immunohistochemical markers of brain integrity including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and parvalbumin protein. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline only (Control), 20 mg/kg Ni orally for 21 days, 3 mg/kg V intraperitoneally for 7 days and combined Ni and V treatments. RESULTS: Results showed significantly increased expression of GFAP, Iba1 and NeuN in all treatment groups. However, there was consistently marked alterations with Ni treatment compared to control with V exposures appearing to attenuate Ni impact for combined exposures. Additionally, increased Nrf2 immunoreactivity and decreased parvalbumin immunoreactivity were observed in all treatment groups compared to control. CONCLUSION: Overall, the study demonstrates that while both Ni and V can cause toxicity in the thalamus, combined exposure showed opposing effects of their co-accumulation in the thalamus which suggests that V treatment could mitigate the Ni-induced thalamic neurotoxicity.
背景和目的：原油的主要成分镍（Ni）和钒（V）已被证明会诱发神经毒性反应。然而，关于这两种物质联合接触的影响以及可能产生的增效作用的报告却很少。本研究旨在通过评估脑完整性的免疫组化标记物，包括胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)、电离钙结合适配器分子 1 (Iba-1)、神经元核抗原 (NeuN)、核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf2) 和副发光素蛋白，来评估镍和钒共同暴露对大鼠丘脑的影响。方法：将 24 只成年 Wistar 大鼠随机分为四组：仅使用生理盐水（对照组）、口服 20 毫克/千克 Ni 21 天、腹腔注射 3 毫克/千克 V 7 天以及 Ni 和 V 联合治疗。结果：结果显示，在所有治疗组中，GFAP、Iba1 和 NeuN 的表达均明显增加。然而，与对照组相比，镍处理组的表达持续发生明显变化，而钒暴露似乎减轻了镍和钒联合暴露的影响。此外，与对照组相比，在所有处理组中都观察到 Nrf2 免疫反应性增加和副发光体免疫反应性降低。结论：总之，该研究表明，虽然镍和钒都会对丘脑造成毒性，但联合暴露会对它们在丘脑中的共同积累产生相反的影响，这表明钒处理可以减轻镍诱导的丘脑神经毒性。
{"title":"Thalamic immunohistochemical assessment in Wistar rats following combined exposure to nickel and vanadium.","authors":"G.E. Emmanuel, O.I. Omotosho, H.O. Etti-Balogun, O.K. Ijomone, O.M. Ijomone","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V), major constituents of crude oil, have been shown to induce neurotoxic responses. However, there is paucity of reports on the impact of their combined exposure and likely potentiating consequences. This study aimed to assess the effect of Ni and V co-exposure on the thalamus of rats, by evaluating immunohistochemical markers of brain integrity including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and parvalbumin protein. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline only (Control), 20 mg/kg Ni orally for 21 days, 3 mg/kg V intraperitoneally for 7 days and combined Ni and V treatments. \u0000RESULTS: Results showed significantly increased expression of GFAP, Iba1 and NeuN in all treatment groups. However, there was consistently marked alterations with Ni treatment compared to control with V exposures appearing to attenuate Ni impact for combined exposures. Additionally, increased Nrf2 immunoreactivity and decreased parvalbumin immunoreactivity were observed in all treatment groups compared to control. \u0000CONCLUSION: Overall, the study demonstrates that while both Ni and V can cause toxicity in the thalamus, combined exposure showed opposing effects of their co-accumulation in the thalamus which suggests that V treatment could mitigate the Ni-induced thalamic neurotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 66","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Dauda, I.A. Mohammad, H.I. Husein, H.S. Kumurya, M.I. Sharif, I. Ibrahim, L.J. Abubakar, K.B. Umar, M. Abubakar, L.H. Adamu, A. Asuku, M. Taura
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Body anthropometry has been proved to be useful tool for height determination of individual. The aim of this study was to determine relationship of external ear morphometry with stature among Hausa population from selected tertiary institutions in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: Using simple random sampling, a total number of 390 students aged between 18 to 30 years participated in the study. Eight paired external ear parameters were measured using direct anthropometric techniques. The height was measured using standard protocols. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationship of external ear morphometry with height and logistic regression was used for the height prediction from the ear morphometry. RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the mean values of ear dimensions was significantly higher in males compared to the female (P > 0.01) with the exception of left and right tragus to antihelix, ear lobe length, auricular projection which are significantly higher in female (P < 0.01). Irrespective of sex, significant positive correlation (moderate/strong) was observed in most of the variables with negative correlation in some like right tragus-antihelix (r = -0.109, p = 0.05) and left tragus-antihelix (r = -0.171, p = 0.01). Ear length present higher correlation (r = 0.514). A correlation of external ear dimensions with height based on sex shows that right and left EL, EW, ELL and TIN as well as left ELL were positively correlate with height with higher correlation in right ear length (r = 0.259). Similarly, for the female, right and left EL as well as right TH and right ELL were also positively correlate with height with higher correlation in right EL (r = 0.207). CONCLUSION: A linear equation model for prediction of height from given ear dimension was generated. Therefore, ear morphometric parameters may be used as an additional tool in determination height among Hausa population.
{"title":"Relationship between external ear morphometry and stature among Hausa population from selected tertiary institutions in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.","authors":"I. Dauda, I.A. Mohammad, H.I. Husein, H.S. Kumurya, M.I. Sharif, I. Ibrahim, L.J. Abubakar, K.B. Umar, M. Abubakar, L.H. Adamu, A. Asuku, M. Taura","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Body anthropometry has been proved to be useful tool for height determination of individual. The aim of this study was to determine relationship of external ear morphometry with stature among Hausa population from selected tertiary institutions in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Using simple random sampling, a total number of 390 students aged between 18 to 30 years participated in the study. Eight paired external ear parameters were measured using direct anthropometric techniques. The height was measured using standard protocols. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationship of external ear morphometry with height and logistic regression was used for the height prediction from the ear morphometry. \u0000RESULTS: The results of the present study showed that the mean values of ear dimensions was significantly higher in males compared to the female (P > 0.01) with the exception of left and right tragus to antihelix, ear lobe length, auricular projection which are significantly higher in female (P < 0.01). Irrespective of sex, significant positive correlation (moderate/strong) was observed in most of the variables with negative correlation in some like right tragus-antihelix (r = -0.109, p = 0.05) and left tragus-antihelix (r = -0.171, p = 0.01). Ear length present higher correlation (r = 0.514). A correlation of external ear dimensions with height based on sex shows that right and left EL, EW, ELL and TIN as well as left ELL were positively correlate with height with higher correlation in right ear length (r = 0.259). Similarly, for the female, right and left EL as well as right TH and right ELL were also positively correlate with height with higher correlation in right EL (r = 0.207). \u0000CONCLUSION: A linear equation model for prediction of height from given ear dimension was generated. Therefore, ear morphometric parameters may be used as an additional tool in determination height among Hausa population.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cement dust is an atmospheric pollutant which poses a significant threat to the environment and humans. Previous studies have shown that cement dust causes bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and other lung diseases. Not much has been reported on cement dust exposure on trachea. Therefore, this present study was carried out to investigate histological changes in the trachea of Wistar rats following exposure to cement dust. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats weighing between 250g and 280g were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats per group. Group A rats were placed in a cement dust free chamber while Group B - D animals were exposed to cement dust dispersed from 5g (low dose), 10g (medium dose) and 20g (high dose) of cement, respectively via dust distributor glass-chamber of dimensions 32.5 cm3 in length, 32.5 cm3 in width and 16.5 cm3 in height for 1 hour daily for 30 days. The weights of the rats were taken weekly and the difference between them and previous weights were noted. At the end of the 30th day of exposure, the animals were euthanized under chloroform anaesthesia and the tracheae were harvested and processed for histological examination. RESULTS: The histological sections of the trachea of rats in Group A revealed normal lumen, mucous membrane, sub-epithelial areolar connective tissue, cartilage, muscularis layer and glands. There were observable histological variations in the tracheal architecture of the exposed rats (Groups B-D) which include mural oedema, sub-epithelial infiltrates of inflammatory cells, mucosal ulceration, and luminal haemorrhage. These injuries are consistent with usual histological findings in tracheitis. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that cement dust had histomorphological effects on the mucous membrane, lumen, muscularis layer and sub-epithelial areolar connective tissue of the trachea which are capable of compromising the health of the research animals.
{"title":"Histological changes in the trachea of the adult Wistar rat following exposure to cement dust","authors":"M. Ehi-Omosun, V. Iyawe, C. Sakpa","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cement dust is an atmospheric pollutant which poses a significant threat to the environment and humans. Previous studies have shown that cement dust causes bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and other lung diseases. Not much has been reported on cement dust exposure on trachea. Therefore, this present study was carried out to investigate histological changes in the trachea of Wistar rats following exposure to cement dust. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats weighing between 250g and 280g were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats per group. Group A rats were placed in a cement dust free chamber while Group B - D animals were exposed to cement dust dispersed from 5g (low dose), 10g (medium dose) and 20g (high dose) of cement, respectively via dust distributor glass-chamber of dimensions 32.5 cm3 in length, 32.5 cm3 in width and 16.5 cm3 in height for 1 hour daily for 30 days. The weights of the rats were taken weekly and the difference between them and previous weights were noted. At the end of the 30th day of exposure, the animals were euthanized under chloroform anaesthesia and the tracheae were harvested and processed for histological examination. \u0000RESULTS: The histological sections of the trachea of rats in Group A revealed normal lumen, mucous membrane, sub-epithelial areolar connective tissue, cartilage, muscularis layer and glands. There were observable histological variations in the tracheal architecture of the exposed rats (Groups B-D) which include mural oedema, sub-epithelial infiltrates of inflammatory cells, mucosal ulceration, and luminal haemorrhage. These injuries are consistent with usual histological findings in tracheitis. \u0000CONCLUSION: It was concluded that cement dust had histomorphological effects on the mucous membrane, lumen, muscularis layer and sub-epithelial areolar connective tissue of the trachea which are capable of compromising the health of the research animals.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 87","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cephalofacial anthropometry is very important in surgery and syndromology. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cephalofacial anthropometry and somatotype among adolescents of Ngamo lineage in Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State. METHODOLOGY: The sample size for the study was 391 subjects comprising male (196) and female (195) subjects with mean age 15.46 ± 1.82 from selected secondary schools in Fika Local Government. The design was cross sectional and participants were classified into three basic somatotypes; endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. Cephalic, facial and nasal anthropometric variables were measured using standard protocol. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between somatotype and cephalofacial anthropometry, stepwise logistic regression analysis was deployed to predict somatotype components from cephalofacial parameters. RESULTS: Significant sexual dimorphism was found in somatotype components and cephalofacial anthropometry. A significant correlation was found between some cephalofacial measurements and somatotype components, somatotype components were significantly predicted from cephalofacial parameters and facial breadth was the best predictor. CONCLUSION: A relationship was found between somatotype and cephalofacial parameters among adolescents of Ngamo tribe of Fika LGA, Yobe state, Nigeria.
{"title":"Relationship between somatotype and cephalofacial anthropometry among adolescents of Ngamo ethnic group of Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria.","authors":"A.M. Ganga, M.I. Usman","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cephalofacial anthropometry is very important in surgery and syndromology. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cephalofacial anthropometry and somatotype among adolescents of Ngamo lineage in Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State. \u0000METHODOLOGY: The sample size for the study was 391 subjects comprising male (196) and female (195) subjects with mean age 15.46 ± 1.82 from selected secondary schools in Fika Local Government. The design was cross sectional and participants were classified into three basic somatotypes; endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. Cephalic, facial and nasal anthropometric variables were measured using standard protocol. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between somatotype and cephalofacial anthropometry, stepwise logistic regression analysis was deployed to predict somatotype components from cephalofacial parameters. \u0000RESULTS: Significant sexual dimorphism was found in somatotype components and cephalofacial anthropometry. A significant correlation was found between some cephalofacial measurements and somatotype components, somatotype components were significantly predicted from cephalofacial parameters and facial breadth was the best predictor. \u0000CONCLUSION: A relationship was found between somatotype and cephalofacial parameters among adolescents of Ngamo tribe of Fika LGA, Yobe state, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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