BACKGROUND: Anatomy is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. It has encroached into so many disciplines and thus its relevance to career choice. This research work is aimed at assessing the perceptions of anatomy as a career choice among students studying human anatomy in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simple random sampling technique was used to select 384 participants (168 males and 216 females) from the 2nd to the 4th year studying human anatomy and cell biology in Delta State University, Abraka, aged 16–32 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data for the study, and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23). RESULTS: This study revealed that students with the perception of choosing anatomy as a career after graduation are significantly low compared to those who have no interest in anatomy as a career choice with the percentages of 39% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: From the study conducted, human anatomy as a career choice has relatively low perception among students because anatomy was not their preferred course of study; rather, the course was offered to them on demerit on their first preferred course of study.
{"title":"Perception of anatomy as a career choice among students of human anatomy in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria","authors":"O. Ebeye, Emmanuel Akpoyibo, Jonathan Okoh-Uku","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_37_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_37_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anatomy is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. It has encroached into so many disciplines and thus its relevance to career choice. This research work is aimed at assessing the perceptions of anatomy as a career choice among students studying human anatomy in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simple random sampling technique was used to select 384 participants (168 males and 216 females) from the 2nd to the 4th year studying human anatomy and cell biology in Delta State University, Abraka, aged 16–32 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data for the study, and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23). RESULTS: This study revealed that students with the perception of choosing anatomy as a career after graduation are significantly low compared to those who have no interest in anatomy as a career choice with the percentages of 39% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: From the study conducted, human anatomy as a career choice has relatively low perception among students because anatomy was not their preferred course of study; rather, the course was offered to them on demerit on their first preferred course of study.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"49 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82323770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nto, E. Obikili, G. Anyanwu, A. Agu, E. Esom, J. Ezugworie
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: There is a strong correlation between admission requirements and students' academic performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of age, premedical academic performance, and entry bias on students' performance in final preclinical examination at the University of Nigeria Medical School. METHODS: Data were obtained from files of students admitted into the medical school in the 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013 academic sessions. SPSS (version 20.0, IBM computer USA) was used to analyze the data, and statistical tests such as ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the observations. RESULTS: The younger students performed significantly better than their older counterparts in the final preclinical examination, determined by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Students with high 100 level CGPA performed significantly (P < 0.05, ANOVA) better than those low CGPA. Only 100 level CGPA can predict students' academic performance in the final preclinical examination (R2 = 83.1%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age is an important criterion in the admission process. O-level grades, Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), and University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) post-UTME are reliable criteria for admission; however, of these, only 100-level CGPA can be used to predict students' performance final preclinical examination.
研究背景:入学要求与学生的学习成绩之间存在很强的相关性。本研究的目的是评估年龄、医学前学业成绩和入学偏见对尼日利亚大学医学院学生临床前期末考试成绩的影响。方法:数据来源于2010/2011、2011/2012和2012/2013学年度医学院新生档案。采用SPSS (version 20.0, IBM computer USA)对数据进行分析，并采用方差分析、Pearson’s correlation、回归分析等统计检验对观察值进行分析。结果:低年级学生在最后的临床前检查中表现明显优于高年级学生，经单因素方差分析(P < 0.05)。CGPA高的学生表现显著优于CGPA低的学生(P < 0.05, ANOVA)。CGPA仅能预测学生临床前期末考试成绩(R2 = 83.1%， P < 0.05)。结论:年龄是择优录取的重要标准。o级成绩，统一高等教育入学考试(UTME)和尼日利亚大学恩苏卡(UNN) UTME后的录取标准是可靠的;然而，其中只有100级的CGPA可以用来预测学生在临床前期末考试中的表现。
{"title":"Effect of age, premedical academic performance, and entry bias on students' performance in final preclinical examination at the University of Nigeria Medical School","authors":"N. Nto, E. Obikili, G. Anyanwu, A. Agu, E. Esom, J. Ezugworie","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_2_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_2_19","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: There is a strong correlation between admission requirements and students' academic performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of age, premedical academic performance, and entry bias on students' performance in final preclinical examination at the University of Nigeria Medical School. METHODS: Data were obtained from files of students admitted into the medical school in the 2010/2011, 2011/2012, and 2012/2013 academic sessions. SPSS (version 20.0, IBM computer USA) was used to analyze the data, and statistical tests such as ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the observations. RESULTS: The younger students performed significantly better than their older counterparts in the final preclinical examination, determined by one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). Students with high 100 level CGPA performed significantly (P < 0.05, ANOVA) better than those low CGPA. Only 100 level CGPA can predict students' academic performance in the final preclinical examination (R2 = 83.1%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Age is an important criterion in the admission process. O-level grades, Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME), and University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) post-UTME are reliable criteria for admission; however, of these, only 100-level CGPA can be used to predict students' performance final preclinical examination.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"16 1","pages":"6 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and face. The different anatomical dimensions of paranasal sinuses can be obtained from plain radiograph and computed tomography images. Determining the possible significant variation of the right and frontal sinuses of males and females is essential for clinical purpose. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to measure the anthropometric length and width of the frontal sinus on plain radiograph in different age groups and to determine the possible variations in males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study adopted the simple random sampling technique. The study population comprised 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females). RESULTS: Frontal sinus length and width were measured using the inelastic plastic ruler (in centimeter) and recorded on a data sheet pro forma. The mean total frontal sinus length and frontal sinus width across the entire population for both the right and left sides as regards males and females were given as (4.42 ± 4.79 cm, 3.85 ± 4.24 cm, 4.05 ± 4.44 cm, 3.57 ± 3.93 cm) and (3.64 ± 4.01 cm, 3.29 ± 3.46 cm, 3.23 ± 3.57 cm, 2.83 ± 3.13 cm), respectively. The Student's t-test statistics between the right and left sides in each of the studied parameters were highly statistically significant (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The frontal sinus is a constant structure in human beings, but shape and dimensions may vary among individuals; thus, the dimorphic nature of the left frontal sinus dimensions has implications for human identification.
简介:鼻窦是位于颅骨和面部骨骼内充满空气的空间。从x线平片和计算机断层图像中可以获得鼻窦的不同解剖尺寸。确定男性和女性的右鼻窦和额鼻窦可能的显著变化对临床目的至关重要。研究目的:因此，本研究的目的是在不同年龄组的x线平片上测量额窦的人体测量长度和宽度，并确定男性和女性的可能差异。材料与方法:本研究采用简单随机抽样方法进行描述性横断面研究。研究人群包括200人(100名男性和100名女性)。结果:使用非弹性塑料尺(厘米)测量额窦长度和宽度，并记录在表格上。男女左右额窦平均总长度和宽度分别为(4.42±4.79 cm, 3.85±4.24 cm, 4.05±4.44 cm, 3.57±3.93 cm)和(3.64±4.01 cm, 3.29±3.46 cm, 3.23±3.57 cm, 2.83±3.13 cm)。每个研究参数的左右两侧之间的学生t检验统计量具有高度统计学意义(P = 0.000)。结论:额窦在人体中是一个恒定的结构，但其形状和尺寸可能因人而异;因此，左额窦尺寸的二态性对人类识别具有重要意义。
{"title":"Anthropometric study of the frontal sinus on plain radiographs in Delta State University Teaching Hospital","authors":"E. Mamerhi, O. Godswill","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_45_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_45_16","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and face. The different anatomical dimensions of paranasal sinuses can be obtained from plain radiograph and computed tomography images. Determining the possible significant variation of the right and frontal sinuses of males and females is essential for clinical purpose. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to measure the anthropometric length and width of the frontal sinus on plain radiograph in different age groups and to determine the possible variations in males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study adopted the simple random sampling technique. The study population comprised 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females). RESULTS: Frontal sinus length and width were measured using the inelastic plastic ruler (in centimeter) and recorded on a data sheet pro forma. The mean total frontal sinus length and frontal sinus width across the entire population for both the right and left sides as regards males and females were given as (4.42 ± 4.79 cm, 3.85 ± 4.24 cm, 4.05 ± 4.44 cm, 3.57 ± 3.93 cm) and (3.64 ± 4.01 cm, 3.29 ± 3.46 cm, 3.23 ± 3.57 cm, 2.83 ± 3.13 cm), respectively. The Student's t-test statistics between the right and left sides in each of the studied parameters were highly statistically significant (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The frontal sinus is a constant structure in human beings, but shape and dimensions may vary among individuals; thus, the dimorphic nature of the left frontal sinus dimensions has implications for human identification.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"19 1","pages":"49 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88940022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Physiological activities in animals and other biological systems are often regulated by neuropeptides. GFSKLYFamide neuropeptide, an echinoderm SALMFamide, was first isolated from the sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima, an echinoderm, in 1992 (Díaz-Miranda et al., 1992). Since this discovery, there have been unresolved questions regarding the interphyletic and intraphyletic distribution of GFSKLYFamide neuropeptide. AIM: The study was done in an attempt to answer these questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An immunohistochemical study was conducted on the radial nerve cord of Holothuria scabra utilizing an antibody specifically raised against GFSKLYFamide. RESULTS: Results show strong and widespread localization of GFSKLYFamide immunoreactivity, including the ectoneural and hyponeural regions of the radial nerve cord. CONCLUSION: This, to the best of our knowledge, is the fi rst report that provides evidence for the presence of GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide in the nervous tissue of this species.
背景:动物和其他生物系统的生理活动经常受到神经肽的调节。GFSKLYFamide神经肽是一种棘皮动物SALMFamide，于1992年首次从棘皮动物Holothuria glaberrima海参中分离出来(Díaz-Miranda et al.， 1992)。自这一发现以来，关于GFSKLYFamide神经肽的种间和葡萄球菌内分布一直存在未解决的问题。目的:本研究试图回答这些问题。材料和方法:利用一种专门针对GFSKLYFamide的抗体，对糙斑全息图的桡神经索进行了免疫组织化学研究。结果:结果显示GFSKLYFamide免疫反应性强且广泛定位，包括桡神经束的外神经和下神经区域。结论:据我们所知，这是第一个为该物种神经组织中存在gfsklyfamily样神经肽提供证据的报告。
{"title":"Presence of GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide in the nervous tissue of Holothuria scabra: Immunohistochemical evidence","authors":"A. Ajayi, B. Withyachumnarnkul","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_3_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_3_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Physiological activities in animals and other biological systems are often regulated by neuropeptides. GFSKLYFamide neuropeptide, an echinoderm SALMFamide, was first isolated from the sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima, an echinoderm, in 1992 (Díaz-Miranda et al., 1992). Since this discovery, there have been unresolved questions regarding the interphyletic and intraphyletic distribution of GFSKLYFamide neuropeptide. AIM: The study was done in an attempt to answer these questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An immunohistochemical study was conducted on the radial nerve cord of Holothuria scabra utilizing an antibody specifically raised against GFSKLYFamide. RESULTS: Results show strong and widespread localization of GFSKLYFamide immunoreactivity, including the ectoneural and hyponeural regions of the radial nerve cord. CONCLUSION: This, to the best of our knowledge, is the fi rst report that provides evidence for the presence of GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide in the nervous tissue of this species.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"122 2 1","pages":"66 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88547699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that has multisystem effects and complications are known to develop in several organs after some years. Diabetic foot problems are largely preventable and both care givers and the diabetic patient must place high priority on prevention through education. Health providers in developing countries are inadequate, overworked and do not have enough time to spend on health education of their patients. AIM: This study was carried out to evaluate the level of awareness of diabetes mellitus patients of complications of the disease seen in the foot in order to plan and execute effective health education programme to reduce complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in the medical outpatient clinic of ESUT teaching Hospital Enugu from January to July 2015 using pretested structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 283 patients were sampled but only 260 supplied data for analysis. In the study, 150(57.7%) were females and 110(42.3%) were males. Age of the participants ranged from 32years to 88years, with mean age 0f 60.2years. Majority of the participants 258(99.2%) had been educated on common foot complications seen in diabetes mellitus. Only 70(27%) of the respondents could recognise loss of sensation in the foot as a sign of foot complication. CONCLUSION: Diabetic foot complication is still high in our diabetics and represents failure of preventive measures, requiring change of modality. Better education of diabetics must be emphasised in addition to any other attempt to curtail the problem.
{"title":"Risk of foot complications in diabetes mellitus; how much do the diabetes mellitus patients in Enugu know?","authors":"W. Okenwa, A. Edeh","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_23_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_23_17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that has multisystem effects and complications are known to develop in several organs after some years. Diabetic foot problems are largely preventable and both care givers and the diabetic patient must place high priority on prevention through education. Health providers in developing countries are inadequate, overworked and do not have enough time to spend on health education of their patients. AIM: This study was carried out to evaluate the level of awareness of diabetes mellitus patients of complications of the disease seen in the foot in order to plan and execute effective health education programme to reduce complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in the medical outpatient clinic of ESUT teaching Hospital Enugu from January to July 2015 using pretested structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 283 patients were sampled but only 260 supplied data for analysis. In the study, 150(57.7%) were females and 110(42.3%) were males. Age of the participants ranged from 32years to 88years, with mean age 0f 60.2years. Majority of the participants 258(99.2%) had been educated on common foot complications seen in diabetes mellitus. Only 70(27%) of the respondents could recognise loss of sensation in the foot as a sign of foot complication. CONCLUSION: Diabetic foot complication is still high in our diabetics and represents failure of preventive measures, requiring change of modality. Better education of diabetics must be emphasised in addition to any other attempt to curtail the problem.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"174 1","pages":"56 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76916951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight proteins and peptides perform numerous regulatory roles in biological systems and could be useful as biomarkers. Hence, qualitative and quantitative measurement of peptide levels has become increasingly important. AIM: This present study was aimed at developing a simple and sensitive dot immunoblot assay (DIA) by modifying existing protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using polyclonal antibody generated against FMRFamide peptide, at a dilution ratio of 1:10,000 in buffer, as a primary antibody, alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody as secondary antibody and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate development system, peptides were dotted on 0.2μm nitrocellulose membrane in volumes of 1μl, 0.5μl and 0.2μl. RESULTS: Results show immunoreactivity of FMRFamide antibody to small quantities of dotted neuropeptide as low as 0.2ng and 33.4pM. CONCLUSION: This indicates that this protocol is sensitive with the additional advantage of simplicity, speed, small sample volume, low cost, and production of nonhazardous waste. This DIA protocol could be useful in resource-poor settings and laboratories with low budgets.
{"title":"A simple and sensitive immunoassay method for the detection of low-molecular-weight proteins and neuropeptides","authors":"A. Ajayi, B. Withyachumnarnkul","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_36_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_36_17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight proteins and peptides perform numerous regulatory roles in biological systems and could be useful as biomarkers. Hence, qualitative and quantitative measurement of peptide levels has become increasingly important. AIM: This present study was aimed at developing a simple and sensitive dot immunoblot assay (DIA) by modifying existing protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using polyclonal antibody generated against FMRFamide peptide, at a dilution ratio of 1:10,000 in buffer, as a primary antibody, alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody as secondary antibody and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate development system, peptides were dotted on 0.2μm nitrocellulose membrane in volumes of 1μl, 0.5μl and 0.2μl. RESULTS: Results show immunoreactivity of FMRFamide antibody to small quantities of dotted neuropeptide as low as 0.2ng and 33.4pM. CONCLUSION: This indicates that this protocol is sensitive with the additional advantage of simplicity, speed, small sample volume, low cost, and production of nonhazardous waste. This DIA protocol could be useful in resource-poor settings and laboratories with low budgets.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"6 1","pages":"53 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89231135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: There are different surgical procedures and treatment modalities dealing with medial ankle region such as placement of percutaneous pins in the calcaneus, decompression in tarsal tunnel syndrome, and nerve block. This requires detailed anatomical knowledge about the neurovascular bundle to avoid iatrogenic injury. AIM OF THE WORK: To study the topography of nerves and vessels at the tarsal tunnel in relation to surface anatomical landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medial calcaneal region of 20 lower limbs of formalin preserved specimens was dissected. The neurovascular structures were identified within a quadrangle named ABCD, formed by four palpable bony landmarks, respectively: inferior tip of medial malleolus, posterior superior tip of calcaneal tuberosity, posteroinferior aspect of medial calcaneus, and tuberosity of navicular bone. A regression analysis was done to correlate the lengths of the four imaginary lines connecting the four bony landmarks with the location of the neurovascular structures. RESULTS: The posterior tibial artery was located medial to the tibial nerve in 50% of cases. The bifurcation of the artery was found to be proximal to that of the nerve in only one case. The number of the medial calcaneal nerves (MCNs) varied from 1 to 3 branches; the most common was one branch (50%). In two cases, there was high origin of the MCN at a distance of 15.4 and 23.5 cm proximal to the ankle region. CONCLUSION: The location of the neurovascular bundle at the tarsal tunnel could be predicted by measuring the distances between the anatomical bony landmarks.
{"title":"Topographic anatomy of the neurovascular bundle at the tarsal tunnel and its applied significance","authors":"Nehal M. Nabil, Nesrine Al Homosani, D. Biram","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_5_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_5_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: There are different surgical procedures and treatment modalities dealing with medial ankle region such as placement of percutaneous pins in the calcaneus, decompression in tarsal tunnel syndrome, and nerve block. This requires detailed anatomical knowledge about the neurovascular bundle to avoid iatrogenic injury. AIM OF THE WORK: To study the topography of nerves and vessels at the tarsal tunnel in relation to surface anatomical landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medial calcaneal region of 20 lower limbs of formalin preserved specimens was dissected. The neurovascular structures were identified within a quadrangle named ABCD, formed by four palpable bony landmarks, respectively: inferior tip of medial malleolus, posterior superior tip of calcaneal tuberosity, posteroinferior aspect of medial calcaneus, and tuberosity of navicular bone. A regression analysis was done to correlate the lengths of the four imaginary lines connecting the four bony landmarks with the location of the neurovascular structures. RESULTS: The posterior tibial artery was located medial to the tibial nerve in 50% of cases. The bifurcation of the artery was found to be proximal to that of the nerve in only one case. The number of the medial calcaneal nerves (MCNs) varied from 1 to 3 branches; the most common was one branch (50%). In two cases, there was high origin of the MCN at a distance of 15.4 and 23.5 cm proximal to the ankle region. CONCLUSION: The location of the neurovascular bundle at the tarsal tunnel could be predicted by measuring the distances between the anatomical bony landmarks.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"103 1","pages":"70 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78369464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Imam, M. Busari, M. Adana, M. Ajibola, A. Ibrahim, F. Sulaimon, M. Ajao
BACKGROUND: Accidental poisoning from indiscriminate use of organophosphates have become endemic in recent decades, most especially in developing nations, coupled with the limitations of the availability of satisfactory antidotes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following dichlorvos dichlorvos (DDVP)-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6); the control was administered sunflower oil (1 ml/kg), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) to the experimental Group I, whereas DDVP + NSO (8.8 mg/kg +1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental Groups II and III, respectively. The animals were euthanized; blood was transcardially collected from the right atrium, centrifuged, and plasma extracted to analyze levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). While cardiac muscle tissue was collected from the left heart, processed and stained for general architecture (hematoxylin and eosin) and elastic morphology (orcein). RESULTS: DDVP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma levels of TC, LDL, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios), but this was prevented by co-administration with NSO. Histological investigations showed that DDVP resulted in the pathological appearance of cardiac tissues, such as the lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage, and necrosis-like features. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NSO was able to attenuate DDVP-induced cardiotoxicity.
{"title":"Subchronic dichlorvos-induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: Mitigative efficacy of Nigella sativa oil","authors":"A. Imam, M. Busari, M. Adana, M. Ajibola, A. Ibrahim, F. Sulaimon, M. Ajao","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_18_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_18_17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Accidental poisoning from indiscriminate use of organophosphates have become endemic in recent decades, most especially in developing nations, coupled with the limitations of the availability of satisfactory antidotes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) following dichlorvos dichlorvos (DDVP)-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6); the control was administered sunflower oil (1 ml/kg), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg) to the experimental Group I, whereas DDVP + NSO (8.8 mg/kg +1 ml/kg) and NSO (1 ml/kg) was administered orally to the experimental Groups II and III, respectively. The animals were euthanized; blood was transcardially collected from the right atrium, centrifuged, and plasma extracted to analyze levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). While cardiac muscle tissue was collected from the left heart, processed and stained for general architecture (hematoxylin and eosin) and elastic morphology (orcein). RESULTS: DDVP significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma levels of TC, LDL, atherogenic and atherosclerotic indices (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios), but this was prevented by co-administration with NSO. Histological investigations showed that DDVP resulted in the pathological appearance of cardiac tissues, such as the lack of striations, myocardial hemorrhage, and necrosis-like features. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NSO was able to attenuate DDVP-induced cardiotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"27 1","pages":"60 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80938250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) has been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as the ability to modify gene transcription. The seeds of Areca catechu contain carcinogenic compounds. AIM: This study, therefore, evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of C. citratus on A. catechu-induced esophageal injury in adult Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of thirty rats weighing between 180 and 250 g were obtained from the laboratory animal facility of the Department of Anatomy, University of Benin, Benin city. The animals were randomly assigned to six groups of five animals each. Group A served as control group and received food and distilled water only, Group B received 1500 mg/kg body weight (bw) of A. catechu only, Group C received 1500 mg/kg bw of C. citratus only, Group D received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 1000 mg/kg bw C. citratus, Group E received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 2000 mg/kg of C. citratus, while Group F received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 3000 mg/kg bw of C. citratus. The administration of extracts was commenced through oral gavage for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed, and appropriate histological procedures were carried out. RESULTS: Epithelial proliferation in the mucosa of the esophagus was caused by A. catechu, whereas C. citratus attenuated this lesion, as well as activating the immune system. CONCLUSION: Findings from the histological results showed that C. citratus protected the esophagus from the damages induced by A. catechu.
背景:据报道，香茅具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗诱变和抗癌特性，以及修饰基因转录的能力。槟榔的种子含有致癌化合物。目的:研究柑桔水提物对儿茶素致成年Wistar大鼠食管损伤的影响。材料与方法:大鼠30只，体重180 ~ 250 g，来自贝宁市贝宁大学解剖学系实验动物设施。这些动物被随机分为六组，每组5只。A组作为对照组,收到食物和蒸馏水,B组收到1500毫克/公斤体重(bw)答:儿茶,C组收到1500毫克/公斤bw C . citratus, D组收到1500毫克/公斤体重的儿茶和1000毫克/公斤bw C . citratus E组收到1500毫克/公斤体重的C . citratus儿茶和2000毫克/公斤,而F组收到1500毫克/公斤体重的儿茶和3000毫克/公斤bw C citratus。提取液灌胃给药4周。处死大鼠，进行相应的组织学检查。结果:儿茶可引起食管粘膜上皮增生，而柑橘可减轻这种病变，并激活免疫系统。结论:组织学结果表明，柑橘对儿茶致食道损伤具有保护作用。
{"title":"Histological effects of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus leaf on Areca catechu-induced esophageal injury in adult Wistar rats","authors":"G. Eze, K. Akonoafua","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_28_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_28_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) has been reported to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as the ability to modify gene transcription. The seeds of Areca catechu contain carcinogenic compounds. AIM: This study, therefore, evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of C. citratus on A. catechu-induced esophageal injury in adult Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of thirty rats weighing between 180 and 250 g were obtained from the laboratory animal facility of the Department of Anatomy, University of Benin, Benin city. The animals were randomly assigned to six groups of five animals each. Group A served as control group and received food and distilled water only, Group B received 1500 mg/kg body weight (bw) of A. catechu only, Group C received 1500 mg/kg bw of C. citratus only, Group D received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 1000 mg/kg bw C. citratus, Group E received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 2000 mg/kg of C. citratus, while Group F received 1500 mg/kg bw of A. catechu and 3000 mg/kg bw of C. citratus. The administration of extracts was commenced through oral gavage for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed, and appropriate histological procedures were carried out. RESULTS: Epithelial proliferation in the mucosa of the esophagus was caused by A. catechu, whereas C. citratus attenuated this lesion, as well as activating the immune system. CONCLUSION: Findings from the histological results showed that C. citratus protected the esophagus from the damages induced by A. catechu.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"10 1","pages":"29 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79101764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) was identified as a thickening of the lateral capsule of the knee joint coming under tension with an applied internal rotation at 30° of flexion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, dissection of 20 lower limb specimens, 10 right and 10 left, of 10 formalin-preserved adult male cadavers was done for morphometric measurement of ALL. Nine male cases were subjected to combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and ALL reconstruction; seven cases with right knee involvement and two cases with left knee involvement. RESULTS: The ALL was clearly identified in all 20 lower limb cadaveric specimens. In all the specimens, ALL was identified along the anterolateral aspect of the extended knee, and it was in the form of a band. CONCLUSION: Combined ALL and ACL reconstruction has better rehabilitation of the patients.
{"title":"Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee joint and its impact on clinical practice","authors":"Elsayed Metwally, N. El-Sekily, Ahmad Wally","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_26_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_26_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) was identified as a thickening of the lateral capsule of the knee joint coming under tension with an applied internal rotation at 30° of flexion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, dissection of 20 lower limb specimens, 10 right and 10 left, of 10 formalin-preserved adult male cadavers was done for morphometric measurement of ALL. Nine male cases were subjected to combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and ALL reconstruction; seven cases with right knee involvement and two cases with left knee involvement. RESULTS: The ALL was clearly identified in all 20 lower limb cadaveric specimens. In all the specimens, ALL was identified along the anterolateral aspect of the extended knee, and it was in the form of a band. CONCLUSION: Combined ALL and ACL reconstruction has better rehabilitation of the patients.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"28 1","pages":"35 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87586366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：