BACKGROUND AND AIM: Reports indicate that there is a worldwide surge in plant-based eating patterns as typified by the increasing number of vegetarians and vegans. However, several medicinal and nutritional plants, seeds, and fruits can induce neurotoxicity. Accordingly, this study investigated the histological effects of aqueous Soybeans seed extract (ASSE) on the cerebellum and cerebrum of adult Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Following purchase and acclimatization, twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats per group as follows: Group A (control) received 1 ml distilled water daily, group B received 250 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily, group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily and group D received 1000 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily. All administration, via an oral gavage, lasted for twenty-eight days. After sacrifice, the cerebellum and cerebrum were separated, weighed, and processed for histological assessment. RESULTS: Results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the body, brain, cerebellar, relative cerebellar, cerebral, and relative cerebral weights of rats treated with all doses of ASSE compared to control. Also, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the cerebellum-brain and cerebrum-brain ratios of treated rats in comparison to control. Histological findings revealed normal and intact histology of the cerebellum and cerebrum layers in treated rats when compared to control. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings provide preliminary histological evidence demonstrating that ASSE was safe for the experimental rats and had no adverse effect on the cerebellum and cerebrum.
{"title":"Is aqueous extract of soybeans neurotoxic? Preliminary evidence from histological evaluation of the cerebellum and cerebrum of Wistar rats.","authors":"A.R. Orheruata, A. Enogieru","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Reports indicate that there is a worldwide surge in plant-based eating patterns as typified by the increasing number of vegetarians and vegans. However, several medicinal and nutritional plants, seeds, and fruits can induce neurotoxicity. Accordingly, this study investigated the histological effects of aqueous Soybeans seed extract (ASSE) on the cerebellum and cerebrum of adult Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Following purchase and acclimatization, twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats per group as follows: Group A (control) received 1 ml distilled water daily, group B received 250 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily, group C received 500 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily and group D received 1000 mg/kg body weight of ASSE daily. All administration, via an oral gavage, lasted for twenty-eight days. After sacrifice, the cerebellum and cerebrum were separated, weighed, and processed for histological assessment. \u0000RESULTS: Results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the body, brain, cerebellar, relative cerebellar, cerebral, and relative cerebral weights of rats treated with all doses of ASSE compared to control. Also, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the cerebellum-brain and cerebrum-brain ratios of treated rats in comparison to control. Histological findings revealed normal and intact histology of the cerebellum and cerebrum layers in treated rats when compared to control. \u0000CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings provide preliminary histological evidence demonstrating that ASSE was safe for the experimental rats and had no adverse effect on the cerebellum and cerebrum.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.L. Oyewole, S. S. Ishola, K. O. Oyafemi, K. S. Badmus, J. O. Omoleye, M. F. Abubakar, O. Adeniyi-Raheem, A. Amedu, D. L. Lawal, A. O. Ijiyode, A. O. Yussuf, Y.O. Yakub, G. L. Ogunjimi, F. Sulaimon
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diverse cage sizes have been implicated in the alteration of pain sensitivity and inflammation parameters in animal-based experiments. Sparse information is available on the effect of exposure to different cage sizes on memory in animal studies. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of varied cage size exposure on memory. METHODOLOGY: Twelve adult male Swiss mice (29-34 g) divided into two groups (n=6) were used for this study, comprising a Control group (stationary cage) and a Test group (migrated cage). The cage-migrated mice were exposed daily to various cage sizes typically used in Nigerian laboratories for 30 days. In contrast, the cage-stationed mice were daily exposed to new but the same size and shape cage. After 30 days of exposure, memory functions were assessed in the animals using memory-related behavioural paradigms (such as novel object recognition test), acetylcholinesterase activity and histological evaluation. RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in the recognition and spatial memory of cage-migrated animals compared to its cage stationed counterparts. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in cage-migrated mice compared to cage-stationed animals but there was no difference in plasma acetylcholinesterase activity in both groups. Also, histological evaluation of all regions of the hippocampus in both groups of animals did not show any significant difference. Though cornu ammonis regions appeared to be enlarged in cage migrated animals compared to cage stationed. CONCLUSION: Repeated exposure of experimental mice to varied cage sizes could selectively decrease brain acetylcholinesterase activity without affecting the animals’ memory.
{"title":"Cage migration and memory: investigating the impact of varied cage sizes on memory function in Swiss mice","authors":"A.L. Oyewole, S. S. Ishola, K. O. Oyafemi, K. S. Badmus, J. O. Omoleye, M. F. Abubakar, O. Adeniyi-Raheem, A. Amedu, D. L. Lawal, A. O. Ijiyode, A. O. Yussuf, Y.O. Yakub, G. L. Ogunjimi, F. Sulaimon","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diverse cage sizes have been implicated in the alteration of pain sensitivity and inflammation parameters in animal-based experiments. Sparse information is available on the effect of exposure to different cage sizes on memory in animal studies. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of varied cage size exposure on memory. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twelve adult male Swiss mice (29-34 g) divided into two groups (n=6) were used for this study, comprising a Control group (stationary cage) and a Test group (migrated cage). The cage-migrated mice were exposed daily to various cage sizes typically used in Nigerian laboratories for 30 days. In contrast, the cage-stationed mice were daily exposed to new but the same size and shape cage. After 30 days of exposure, memory functions were assessed in the animals using memory-related behavioural paradigms (such as novel object recognition test), acetylcholinesterase activity and histological evaluation. \u0000RESULTS: The results showed no significant difference in the recognition and spatial memory of cage-migrated animals compared to its cage stationed counterparts. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in cage-migrated mice compared to cage-stationed animals but there was no difference in plasma acetylcholinesterase activity in both groups. Also, histological evaluation of all regions of the hippocampus in both groups of animals did not show any significant difference. Though cornu ammonis regions appeared to be enlarged in cage migrated animals compared to cage stationed. \u0000CONCLUSION: Repeated exposure of experimental mice to varied cage sizes could selectively decrease brain acetylcholinesterase activity without affecting the animals’ memory.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.O. Wahab, W. O. Hamman, A. Agbon, P. Akpulu, A.A. Sadam
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Smokeless or “Spit” are products of tobacco without combustion or pyrolysis at the time of use and the consumption of smokeless tobacco products continue to grow globally in form of dipping, snuffing, chewing and sniffing. The neurotoxic effect of tobacco is well documented. The Substantia nigra par reticularis, an important basal nuclei structure sets the pattern for facilitation of voluntary movements of the body. This study assessed the effect of methanol leaf extract of Nicotiana tabacum (MLNT) on histomorphological studies of the substantia nigra par reticularis in Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A-D, n=5). Group A was the control group treated with Tween 80 and Olive oil which served as vehicle for dissolution of MLNT. Groups B-D was treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg MLNT respectively. Treatment was done for orally for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, the harvested brain tissue was weight before been processed for histological analysis. The body weight and the brain organosomatic index was computed and analyzes statistically using Statistical Package for social Science (IBM SPSS) Version 25.0. RESULTS: Results obtained for the body weight show no statistical significant difference between the initial and the final weight when compared to the control and also, the brain organosomatic index significant increase (p<0.05) in all treated groups when compared to the control, especially with MLNT (200 mg/kg). Histological and histochemical observations showed neurodegeneration in all treated groups when compared to the control. CONCLUSION: Finding from this studies revealed that MLNT could act as a potential neurotoxicant that can cause the acceleration of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra par reticularis of Wistar rats thereby altered the coordination of motor activity.
{"title":"Histomorphological study of the effect of methanol leaf extract of Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco) on substantia nigra par reticularis in Wistar rats.","authors":"A.O. Wahab, W. O. Hamman, A. Agbon, P. Akpulu, A.A. Sadam","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Smokeless or “Spit” are products of tobacco without combustion or pyrolysis at the time of use and the consumption of smokeless tobacco products continue to grow globally in form of dipping, snuffing, chewing and sniffing. The neurotoxic effect of tobacco is well documented. The Substantia nigra par reticularis, an important basal nuclei structure sets the pattern for facilitation of voluntary movements of the body. This study assessed the effect of methanol leaf extract of Nicotiana tabacum (MLNT) on histomorphological studies of the substantia nigra par reticularis in Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A-D, n=5). Group A was the control group treated with Tween 80 and Olive oil which served as vehicle for dissolution of MLNT. Groups B-D was treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg MLNT respectively. Treatment was done for orally for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, the harvested brain tissue was weight before been processed for histological analysis. The body weight and the brain organosomatic index was computed and analyzes statistically using Statistical Package for social Science (IBM SPSS) Version 25.0. \u0000RESULTS: Results obtained for the body weight show no statistical significant difference between the initial and the final weight when compared to the control and also, the brain organosomatic index significant increase (p<0.05) in all treated groups when compared to the control, especially with MLNT (200 mg/kg). Histological and histochemical observations showed neurodegeneration in all treated groups when compared to the control. \u0000CONCLUSION: Finding from this studies revealed that MLNT could act as a potential neurotoxicant that can cause the acceleration of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra par reticularis of Wistar rats thereby altered the coordination of motor activity.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 95","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nicotine is an additive abused among youths, which gradually becomes behavioral. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative roles of aqueous garlic cloves and honey extract on nicotine-induced cognitive, spatial memory, and psychosocial behavior impairments. METHODOLOGY: Forty rats were divided into 5 groups of eight. Group A served as control, receiving food and water. All the groups except A received 50mg/kg of nicotine for 14 days. Group B served as the nicotine-untreated group; Group C received 200mg/kg of garlic and 1000mg/kg of honey; Group D received 400mg/kg body weight of garlic and 1500mg/kg of honey; and Group E received 600mg/kg of garlic and 2000mg/kg of honey. Garlic and honey treatment lasts 14 days. Spatial memory, anxiety, social behavior, and cognition were measured using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), elevated plus maze, sociability chamber, and novel object recognition test. Brain homogenate was used to determine biomarkers. RESULTS: The acquisition latency was significantly decreased in the high-dose compared to the nicotine-untreated on day 4 of the MWM test at p < 0.05. The discrimination index reduced significantly in the high-dose group compared to the nicotine untreated at p < 0.05. The time spent with both novel rats significantly increased in the nicotine-untreated group and was lowered by the garlic clove extract. Glutathion-S-Transferase (GST), glutathione oxaloacetate (GOT), and Thiobarbituric Acid Reacting Substances (TBARS) were significantly reduced in the garlic extract groups at P<0.05. CONCLUSION: Garlic cloves and honey enhanced brain cell regeneration, improved spatial memory, cognition, and social behaviors, and decreased anxiety.
{"title":"Nicotine-impaired cognitive and psychosocial behavior and spatial memory deficit: The combined roles of garlic cloves and honey in Wistar rats.","authors":"O.O. Uchewa, N.G. Okechukwu, U.G. Kenneth, O.S. Okoronkwo, O.A. Ibegbu, B.T. Cookey-Gam, O.O. Anyigor, O.J. Nwofia","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nicotine is an additive abused among youths, which gradually becomes behavioral. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative roles of aqueous garlic cloves and honey extract on nicotine-induced cognitive, spatial memory, and psychosocial behavior impairments. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Forty rats were divided into 5 groups of eight. Group A served as control, receiving food and water. All the groups except A received 50mg/kg of nicotine for 14 days. Group B served as the nicotine-untreated group; Group C received 200mg/kg of garlic and 1000mg/kg of honey; Group D received 400mg/kg body weight of garlic and 1500mg/kg of honey; and Group E received 600mg/kg of garlic and 2000mg/kg of honey. Garlic and honey treatment lasts 14 days. Spatial memory, anxiety, social behavior, and cognition were measured using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), elevated plus maze, sociability chamber, and novel object recognition test. Brain homogenate was used to determine biomarkers. \u0000RESULTS: The acquisition latency was significantly decreased in the high-dose compared to the nicotine-untreated on day 4 of the MWM test at p < 0.05. The discrimination index reduced significantly in the high-dose group compared to the nicotine untreated at p < 0.05. The time spent with both novel rats significantly increased in the nicotine-untreated group and was lowered by the garlic clove extract. Glutathion-S-Transferase (GST), glutathione oxaloacetate (GOT), and Thiobarbituric Acid Reacting Substances (TBARS) were significantly reduced in the garlic extract groups at P<0.05. \u0000CONCLUSION: Garlic cloves and honey enhanced brain cell regeneration, improved spatial memory, cognition, and social behaviors, and decreased anxiety.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 72","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The human hand is the most used and versatile part of the body, and its dimensions varies with age, sex and ethnic groups. Hand dimensions such as, hand length and hand breadth are useful in forensic and legal sciences. The aim of this study is to measure some hand anthropometry variation among Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups in Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A total of eight hundred and one (801) subjects (401 males; 198 Babur/Bura, 203 Kanuri and 400 females; 198 Babur/Bura, 202 Kanuri) were recruited for this study. Parameters collected were: hand length (HL), palm length (PL), hand breadth (HB) and palm breadth (PB) using a palm print scanner (HP Deskjet 1515 model) and, compared between groups student’s t-test was used, discriminant function was used to predict sex. SPSS version 22.0 software was used for statistical analyses and P<0.05 was set as level of significance. RESULTS: Data analyzed showed that, Babur/Bura and Kanuri males had higher (p<0.001) mean hand dimension values compared to their female counterparts. However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in hand dimensions between the male-to-male and female-to-female of both ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: There was sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions amongst Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups, which, could be useful for determination of sex and provide more insight into biological variation with the inclusion of these groups.
{"title":"Some hand anthropometry among Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups of Borno State, Nigeria.","authors":"B. Ishaku, J.A. Timbuak, W. O. Hamman","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: The human hand is the most used and versatile part of the body, and its dimensions varies with age, sex and ethnic groups. Hand dimensions such as, hand length and hand breadth are useful in forensic and legal sciences. The aim of this study is to measure some hand anthropometry variation among Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups in Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A total of eight hundred and one (801) subjects (401 males; 198 Babur/Bura, 203 Kanuri and 400 females; 198 Babur/Bura, 202 Kanuri) were recruited for this study. Parameters collected were: hand length (HL), palm length (PL), hand breadth (HB) and palm breadth (PB) using a palm print scanner (HP Deskjet 1515 model) and, compared between groups student’s t-test was used, discriminant function was used to predict sex. SPSS version 22.0 software was used for statistical analyses and P<0.05 was set as level of significance. \u0000RESULTS: Data analyzed showed that, Babur/Bura and Kanuri males had higher (p<0.001) mean hand dimension values compared to their female counterparts. However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in hand dimensions between the male-to-male and female-to-female of both ethnic groups. \u0000CONCLUSION: There was sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions amongst Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups, which, could be useful for determination of sex and provide more insight into biological variation with the inclusion of these groups.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.O. Benson, A.A. Ayoka, B.J. Dare, A.A. Bayo-Olugbami, O.S. Adeleke, O.S. Tokumbo, T.A. Abayomi, S.O. Adewole, O.S. Saka
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study evaluated the histomorphology and histomorphometry of the left ventricle of Wistar rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral hypoperfusion. These were with a view to providing insight on the effects cerebral hypoperfusion on myocardial integrity. METHODOLOGY: A total of twenty adult male Wistar rats (200 g -220 g) were used for this study. They were divided into four groups of five rats each. Sham surgery was performed on rats in group 1; MCAO was performed on rats in groups 2-4. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were administered 1ml/kg normal saline intraperitoneal (i. p) while rats in group 3 were treated with 150 mg/kg body weight (i. p) of citicoline daily for 12 weeks respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last administration rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis of brain natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum. The heart and brain were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Alpha value was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The result showed increased concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (0.19 ± 0.08 pg/mL) and, LDH (13.20 ± 0.64 u/l), a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide (0.12 ± 0.08 mmol/L), reduced collagen and glycogen deposit, distortion of the cross-banding pattern of the myocardium and reduced CnTI immunoreactivity in the MCAO-only group; These perturbations were attenuated in the citicoline-treated group. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that citicoline ameliorated MCAO-induced neurological perturbations.
{"title":"Myocardial integrity in citicoline-treated middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced hypoperfusion in Wistar rats; the relationship between the insular and heart","authors":"I.O. Benson, A.A. Ayoka, B.J. Dare, A.A. Bayo-Olugbami, O.S. Adeleke, O.S. Tokumbo, T.A. Abayomi, S.O. Adewole, O.S. Saka","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study evaluated the histomorphology and histomorphometry of the left ventricle of Wistar rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral hypoperfusion. These were with a view to providing insight on the effects cerebral hypoperfusion on myocardial integrity. \u0000METHODOLOGY: A total of twenty adult male Wistar rats (200 g -220 g) were used for this study. They were divided into four groups of five rats each. Sham surgery was performed on rats in group 1; MCAO was performed on rats in groups 2-4. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were administered 1ml/kg normal saline intraperitoneal (i. p) while rats in group 3 were treated with 150 mg/kg body weight (i. p) of citicoline daily for 12 weeks respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last administration rats were sacrificed and blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis of brain natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum. The heart and brain were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Alpha value was set at 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: The result showed increased concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide (0.19 ± 0.08 pg/mL) and, LDH (13.20 ± 0.64 u/l), a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide (0.12 ± 0.08 mmol/L), reduced collagen and glycogen deposit, distortion of the cross-banding pattern of the myocardium and reduced CnTI immunoreactivity in the MCAO-only group; These perturbations were attenuated in the citicoline-treated group. \u0000CONCLUSION: The study concluded that citicoline ameliorated MCAO-induced neurological perturbations.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Arsenic trioxide induces significant spleen toxicity, causing splenomegaly, oxidative stress, inflammation, and compromised immune responses, which can lead to infections, impaired blood filtration, and systemic health decline. Zingiber officinale, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, shows potential in mitigating toxicity and oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the effects of aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale on arsenic trioxide-induced spleen damage in adult Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats (n=5) were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Group A served as control; Group B - 10 mg/kg As2O3 only; Group C - 190 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group D - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group E - 50 mg/kg body weight of standard drug (silymarin) and 10 mg/kg As2O3. Group F - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract. RESULTS: Results of haematological parameters showed no significant difference (p>0.05) across groups. The arsenic trioxide-only group had significantly decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and increased malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05) compared to control. Pre-treatment with Zingiber officinale and silymarin significantly improved these markers (p<0.05). Histologically, arsenic trioxide caused severe spleen damage, while pre-treatment with Zingiber officinale and silymarin showed marked improvement. In conclusion, CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings provide evidence that Zingiber officinale protects against arsenic trioxide-induced spleen damage in Wistar rats.
{"title":"Effects of aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale on arsenic trioxide-induced spleen damage in adult Wistar rats.","authors":"E. O. Imafidon, B.A. Ezekiel","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Arsenic trioxide induces significant spleen toxicity, causing splenomegaly, oxidative stress, inflammation, and compromised immune responses, which can lead to infections, impaired blood filtration, and systemic health decline. Zingiber officinale, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties, shows potential in mitigating toxicity and oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the effects of aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinale on arsenic trioxide-induced spleen damage in adult Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats (n=5) were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Group A served as control; Group B - 10 mg/kg As2O3 only; Group C - 190 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group D - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract and 10 mg/kg As2O3; Group E - 50 mg/kg body weight of standard drug (silymarin) and 10 mg/kg As2O3. Group F - 380 mg/kg body weight of Zingiber officinale stem extract. \u0000RESULTS: Results of haematological parameters showed no significant difference (p>0.05) across groups. The arsenic trioxide-only group had significantly decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and increased malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05) compared to control. Pre-treatment with Zingiber officinale and silymarin significantly improved these markers (p<0.05). Histologically, arsenic trioxide caused severe spleen damage, while pre-treatment with Zingiber officinale and silymarin showed marked improvement. In conclusion, \u0000CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings provide evidence that Zingiber officinale protects against arsenic trioxide-induced spleen damage in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Iron is essential for body metabolic activities but excessive iron exposure poses a significant threat to cardiovascular health due to its role in oxidative stress and tissue damage. Natural iron-chelating agents from plants offer a promising alternative to synthetic chelators with potentially fewer side effects. The efficacy of Chasmanthera dependens as a plant-based cardioprotective agent chelating agent has not been fully explored. This study evaluates the changes in iron chloride-exposed rats and the impact of MLECD treatment. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats averagely weighing between 185-225g were used for this study. They were divided into five rats per groups with daily administration for treatment for twenty-eight days. Group A served as the control group. Group B was given 2mg/kg body weight of FeCl2 only, groups C, D and E with 200, 400, and 800mg/kg body weights of MLECD in addition to 2mg/kg body weight of FeCl2 solution respectively. Rats were euthanized under chloroform and heart harvested and fixed in neutral buffered formalin for hematoxylin and eosin histological staining procedure, and histological slides were examined using light microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histopathological findings on FeCl2 administration showed myocardial degeneration, coronary vascular ulceration and perivascular inflammation and oedema but MLECD, especially at the lowest dose (200mg/kg MLECD), protected against FeCl2 induced iron-toxicity, consequently proving cardioprotective evidence of MLECD against excessive iron exposure.
{"title":"Evaluating Heart Tissue Changes in Iron Chloride-exposed Rats: Impact of Chasmanthera dependens Methanol Leaf Extract Treatment","authors":"D. Calmday-Ombo, S.O. Innih","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Iron is essential for body metabolic activities but excessive iron exposure poses a significant threat to cardiovascular health due to its role in oxidative stress and tissue damage. Natural iron-chelating agents from plants offer a promising alternative to synthetic chelators with potentially fewer side effects. The efficacy of Chasmanthera dependens as a plant-based cardioprotective agent chelating agent has not been fully explored. This study evaluates the changes in iron chloride-exposed rats and the impact of MLECD treatment. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Twenty-five adult Wistar rats averagely weighing between 185-225g were used for this study. They were divided into five rats per groups with daily administration for treatment for twenty-eight days. Group A served as the control group. Group B was given 2mg/kg body weight of FeCl2 only, groups C, D and E with 200, 400, and 800mg/kg body weights of MLECD in addition to 2mg/kg body weight of FeCl2 solution respectively. Rats were euthanized under chloroform and heart harvested and fixed in neutral buffered formalin for hematoxylin and eosin histological staining procedure, and histological slides were examined using light microscope. \u0000RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histopathological findings on FeCl2 administration showed myocardial degeneration, coronary vascular ulceration and perivascular inflammation and oedema but MLECD, especially at the lowest dose (200mg/kg MLECD), protected against FeCl2 induced iron-toxicity, consequently proving cardioprotective evidence of MLECD against excessive iron exposure.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mercury, used in industries and consumer products, poses serious health risks through contaminated food, water, occupational hazards, and inhalation. Chronic exposure causes neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and gastrointestinal damage. Mercury chloride is particularly harmful to the stomach, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Traditional medicinal plants, like Chasmanthera dependens, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the study was aimed at evaluating the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Chasmanthera dependens on mercury chloride-induced gastric damage in Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Group A served as control; Group B - 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride only; Group C - 200 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group D - 400 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group E - 800 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group F - 800 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results showed that mercury chloride increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, causing significant gastric damage. Pre-treatment with Chasmanthera dependens improved the antioxidant defense system, reducing MDA levels and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx activity. Histological findings showed reduced tissue erosion, with higher doses of Chasmanthera dependens offering better protection against mercury chloride-induced gastric damage.
{"title":"Effect of aqueous Chasmanthera dependens leaf extract on mercury chloride-induced gastric damage in adult Wistar rats.","authors":"E. O. Imafidon, J.E. Aig-Unuigbe","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mercury, used in industries and consumer products, poses serious health risks through contaminated food, water, occupational hazards, and inhalation. Chronic exposure causes neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and gastrointestinal damage. Mercury chloride is particularly harmful to the stomach, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Traditional medicinal plants, like Chasmanthera dependens, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the study was aimed at evaluating the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Chasmanthera dependens on mercury chloride-induced gastric damage in Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A-F). Group A served as control; Group B - 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride only; Group C - 200 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group D - 400 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group E - 800 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract and 10 mg/kg of Mercury chloride; Group F - 800 mg/kg body weight of Chasmanthera dependens aqueous leaf extract. \u0000RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results showed that mercury chloride increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, causing significant gastric damage. Pre-treatment with Chasmanthera dependens improved the antioxidant defense system, reducing MDA levels and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx activity. Histological findings showed reduced tissue erosion, with higher doses of Chasmanthera dependens offering better protection against mercury chloride-induced gastric damage.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The most common cause of lung diseases among people with petrol-related occupations is petrol poisoning which has significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on petrol-induced bronchiectasis in the adult Wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 240 g and 270 g were divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats per group. Animas in group A were placed on feed and water only. Animals in group B were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation. Animals in group C received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. Animals in group D were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation and received 250mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. Animals in group E were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation and received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. The extract was administered for 30 consecutive days via an orogastric tube. RESULTS: Groups A, C, D and E revealed normal histoarchitecture of the lung; normal alveoli, patent bronchiolar lumen and normal arteries. There were observable histological variations in the lung tissues of Group B rats which include bronchiolar destruction and widening, severe bronchiolar mucosal ulceration and vascular ulceration. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings from this study, it was concluded that Chromolaena odorata had an ameliorative effect on petrol-induced bronchiectasis in Wistar rats.
{"title":"Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on petrol-induced bronchiectasis in adult Wistar rats.","authors":"M. Ehi-Omosun, S. Nomuovbiekpen","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v21i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v21i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIM: The most common cause of lung diseases among people with petrol-related occupations is petrol poisoning which has significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on petrol-induced bronchiectasis in the adult Wistar rats. \u0000METHODOLOGY: Thirty adult Wistar rats weighing between 240 g and 270 g were divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats per group. Animas in group A were placed on feed and water only. Animals in group B were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation. Animals in group C received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. Animals in group D were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation and received 250mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. Animals in group E were exposed to 100 ml of petrol vapor via inhalation and received 500mg/kg body weight per day of Chromolaena odorata. The extract was administered for 30 consecutive days via an orogastric tube. \u0000RESULTS: Groups A, C, D and E revealed normal histoarchitecture of the lung; normal alveoli, patent bronchiolar lumen and normal arteries. There were observable histological variations in the lung tissues of Group B rats which include bronchiolar destruction and widening, severe bronchiolar mucosal ulceration and vascular ulceration. \u0000CONCLUSION: Based on the findings from this study, it was concluded that Chromolaena odorata had an ameliorative effect on petrol-induced bronchiectasis in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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