CONTEXT: Hallux deviation angle (HDA) is the angle between the axis of the hallux and axis of the first metatarsal bone. AIMS: The aim was to determine whether there is any correlation between HDA and age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in an adult Nigerian population. SETTING AND DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1033 individuals consisting of 548 males and 485 females were studied. Age range was 15–74 years. HDA was measured by the goniometric method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Correlation of HDA with age, weight, height, and BMI was done using Pearson's correlation. Test of significance was done using Chi-square. RESULTS: Mean age in years was 34.1 (±13.4) for males and 29.6 (±12.0) for females. Mean BMI in kg/m2 was 25.8 (±7.5) for males and 26.1 (±5.5) for females. The mean HDA in degrees on the right and left feet, respectively, were 5 ± 6 and 7 ± 7 for males and 5 ± 6 and 6 ± 6 for females. In males, there was a positive but weak correlation of HDA with age on both feet. There was also weak correlation of HDA with BMI on the right feet, but there was no correlation of HDA with weight and height. In females, there was positive and weak correlation of HDA with height on both feet while but there was no correlation with age, weight, or BMI. CONCLUSION: HDA did not correlate with age, weight, height and BMI in our environment.
{"title":"Correlation of hallux deviation angle with age, weight, height, and body mass index in adult Nigerians","authors":"C. Okeke, U. Ukoha","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_22_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_22_18","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: Hallux deviation angle (HDA) is the angle between the axis of the hallux and axis of the first metatarsal bone. AIMS: The aim was to determine whether there is any correlation between HDA and age, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in an adult Nigerian population. SETTING AND DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1033 individuals consisting of 548 males and 485 females were studied. Age range was 15–74 years. HDA was measured by the goniometric method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Correlation of HDA with age, weight, height, and BMI was done using Pearson's correlation. Test of significance was done using Chi-square. RESULTS: Mean age in years was 34.1 (±13.4) for males and 29.6 (±12.0) for females. Mean BMI in kg/m2 was 25.8 (±7.5) for males and 26.1 (±5.5) for females. The mean HDA in degrees on the right and left feet, respectively, were 5 ± 6 and 7 ± 7 for males and 5 ± 6 and 6 ± 6 for females. In males, there was a positive but weak correlation of HDA with age on both feet. There was also weak correlation of HDA with BMI on the right feet, but there was no correlation of HDA with weight and height. In females, there was positive and weak correlation of HDA with height on both feet while but there was no correlation with age, weight, or BMI. CONCLUSION: HDA did not correlate with age, weight, height and BMI in our environment.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"5 1","pages":"18 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79863821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hassan, G. Anyanwu, N. Nto, E. Obikili, E. Finbarrs-Bello, L. Abireh
BACKGROUND: The health of the testis is important for a man's sexual functioning and fertility. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus on flutamide-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: A–D (n = 4). Group A was given distilled water, and Group B was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide daily for the period of the experiment. Group C was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide 1 h before treatment with 150 mg/kg body weight of an extract of C. esculentus, and Group D was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide 1 h before treatment with 300 mg/kg body weight of an extract of C. esculentus for 21 days. RESULTS: The hormonal assay showed that the extract produced a significant increase in serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone compared to the controls. The light microscopic study revealed degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium and interstitial tissue of the rats treated with flutamide, whereas the extract produced a marked increase in the number and volume of cells in the germinal epithelium compared to the positive control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that C. esculentus could enhance testicular activity and ameliorate the adverse effect of flutamide on the testis.
{"title":"Curative effect of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus on flutamide-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats","authors":"L. Hassan, G. Anyanwu, N. Nto, E. Obikili, E. Finbarrs-Bello, L. Abireh","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_27_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_27_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The health of the testis is important for a man's sexual functioning and fertility. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus on flutamide-induced testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: A–D (n = 4). Group A was given distilled water, and Group B was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide daily for the period of the experiment. Group C was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide 1 h before treatment with 150 mg/kg body weight of an extract of C. esculentus, and Group D was given 5 mg/kg body weight of flutamide 1 h before treatment with 300 mg/kg body weight of an extract of C. esculentus for 21 days. RESULTS: The hormonal assay showed that the extract produced a significant increase in serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone compared to the controls. The light microscopic study revealed degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium and interstitial tissue of the rats treated with flutamide, whereas the extract produced a marked increase in the number and volume of cells in the germinal epithelium compared to the positive control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that C. esculentus could enhance testicular activity and ameliorate the adverse effect of flutamide on the testis.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"79 1","pages":"13 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76357281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erick Hoetama, B. Siswanto, R. Soerarso, N. Hersunarti
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a fearful complication of cardiac valve replacement surgery. Compared with the late presentation, early PVE is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite significant improvement in our understanding regarding the treatment of native valve endocarditis, the optimal treatment for PVE is still a matter of debate. There is still no clear agreement whether to choose surgery or medication as the best therapeutic option for PVE patient. Furthermore, the timing of surgery for PVE has not yet been defined.
{"title":"Successful antibiotic therapy in early prosthetic valve endocarditis with large vegetation","authors":"Erick Hoetama, B. Siswanto, R. Soerarso, N. Hersunarti","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_11_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_11_18","url":null,"abstract":"Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a fearful complication of cardiac valve replacement surgery. Compared with the late presentation, early PVE is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite significant improvement in our understanding regarding the treatment of native valve endocarditis, the optimal treatment for PVE is still a matter of debate. There is still no clear agreement whether to choose surgery or medication as the best therapeutic option for PVE patient. Furthermore, the timing of surgery for PVE has not yet been defined.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"35 1","pages":"79 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73359204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variations and communications between the branches of the mandibular nerve in the infra-temporal fossa is quite common in literature, but not all of these variations have been mentioned in standard anatomical and surgical textbooks. Some of these variations are clinically important with regard to various surgical, dental, and anesthetic procedures performed in this region. During the routine dissection of infratemporal fossa for the undergraduates, we found the presence of an abnormal communication between the auriculotemporal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve on the right side and on the left side, the auriculotemporal nerve was found to have three roots of origin, in addition to an anomalous communication between the inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve. The clinical implications of this variation have been discussed in this report which is essential for successful and uncomplicated surgical, dental, and anesthetic procedures.
{"title":"An abnormal communication between the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve","authors":"K. Ariyanachi, S. Nagaraj, V. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_12_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_12_18","url":null,"abstract":"Variations and communications between the branches of the mandibular nerve in the infra-temporal fossa is quite common in literature, but not all of these variations have been mentioned in standard anatomical and surgical textbooks. Some of these variations are clinically important with regard to various surgical, dental, and anesthetic procedures performed in this region. During the routine dissection of infratemporal fossa for the undergraduates, we found the presence of an abnormal communication between the auriculotemporal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve on the right side and on the left side, the auriculotemporal nerve was found to have three roots of origin, in addition to an anomalous communication between the inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve. The clinical implications of this variation have been discussed in this report which is essential for successful and uncomplicated surgical, dental, and anesthetic procedures.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"89 1","pages":"45 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gastrocnemius muscle located on the posterior compartment of the leg, has two heads. Muscular variations presumably seriously compromise parts of the muscular, vascular, nervous, and skeletal and/or organ systems. The main causes of gastrocnemius muscle variation may be due to an error of embryologic developmental timing or persistence of an embryologic condition. On the other hand, variations in the origin, course, and termination of the superficial veins of the lower limb are common. However, variations of the short saphenous are rarely reported. Knowledge on the anatomical variations of structures has clinical significance to surgeons, radiologists who interpret plain and computerized imaging.
{"title":"Bilateral “quadriceps gastrocnemius” and termination of small saphenous vein outside the popliteal fossa in a cadaver","authors":"D. Woldeyes, A. Moges","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_14_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_14_18","url":null,"abstract":"The gastrocnemius muscle located on the posterior compartment of the leg, has two heads. Muscular variations presumably seriously compromise parts of the muscular, vascular, nervous, and skeletal and/or organ systems. The main causes of gastrocnemius muscle variation may be due to an error of embryologic developmental timing or persistence of an embryologic condition. On the other hand, variations in the origin, course, and termination of the superficial veins of the lower limb are common. However, variations of the short saphenous are rarely reported. Knowledge on the anatomical variations of structures has clinical significance to surgeons, radiologists who interpret plain and computerized imaging.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"3 1","pages":"76 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88642142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and median nerve (MN) are branches of the brachial plexus that innervates the anterior compartment of the upper limb. Although the nerves have different course and distribution, communication between median and MCNs may result from an altered course of the nerve fibers during their development. Rare patterns of communication were found bilaterally in a male cadaver. The right MCN was fused with the MN for a length of 3 cm. The fused intermediate segment supplied biceps brachii, while the unfused segments supplied the other anterior arm muscles. The variation is a unique type of transposed nerve fibers supplying the brachial flexors and is a deviant of the defined patterns of communications. On the left side, a communication twig coursed anteriorly to the axillary artery from MCN to the MN. The surgical, neurophysiological, and embryological relevance of such variations is of great clinical significance.
{"title":"A unique variation of musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve and its clinical significance","authors":"Sumathilatha Sakthi-Velavan","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_10_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_10_18","url":null,"abstract":"The musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and median nerve (MN) are branches of the brachial plexus that innervates the anterior compartment of the upper limb. Although the nerves have different course and distribution, communication between median and MCNs may result from an altered course of the nerve fibers during their development. Rare patterns of communication were found bilaterally in a male cadaver. The right MCN was fused with the MN for a length of 3 cm. The fused intermediate segment supplied biceps brachii, while the unfused segments supplied the other anterior arm muscles. The variation is a unique type of transposed nerve fibers supplying the brachial flexors and is a deviant of the defined patterns of communications. On the left side, a communication twig coursed anteriorly to the axillary artery from MCN to the MN. The surgical, neurophysiological, and embryological relevance of such variations is of great clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"5 1","pages":"41 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83777836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Dyslipideamia is involved in the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes, which is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidyslipidemic effect of aqueous root extract of Morinda lucida in cholesterol-induced dyslipidemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprises of five groups, Group 1 for control and 2, 3, 4 and 5. They were administered different doses of drug and extract by oral gavages using an orogastric tube at a once-daily dose for 14 days. At the end of 14 days, liver and abdominal aorta was harvested from rats in each group for histological study using the method. RESULTS: It was observed that Group 3 showed intracytoplasmic perinuclear fat vacuoles in the liver among other evidences of tissue damage while the abdominal aorta showed luminal obstruction, infiltrates of chronic inflammatory cells, and intimal ulceration. CONCLUSION: These effects were ameliorated after treatment with both atorvastatin and M. lucida extract, but there was more improved histology in the group treated with M. lucida extract.
{"title":"Histological evaluation of the antidyslipidemic effects of aqueous root extract of Morinda lucida","authors":"O. Innih, J. Owolabi, Damilola Ekpruke","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_16_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_16_18","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Dyslipideamia is involved in the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes, which is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidyslipidemic effect of aqueous root extract of Morinda lucida in cholesterol-induced dyslipidemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprises of five groups, Group 1 for control and 2, 3, 4 and 5. They were administered different doses of drug and extract by oral gavages using an orogastric tube at a once-daily dose for 14 days. At the end of 14 days, liver and abdominal aorta was harvested from rats in each group for histological study using the method. RESULTS: It was observed that Group 3 showed intracytoplasmic perinuclear fat vacuoles in the liver among other evidences of tissue damage while the abdominal aorta showed luminal obstruction, infiltrates of chronic inflammatory cells, and intimal ulceration. CONCLUSION: These effects were ameliorated after treatment with both atorvastatin and M. lucida extract, but there was more improved histology in the group treated with M. lucida extract.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"41 1","pages":"23 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88683408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Zidovudine is one of the very active antiretroviral treatments which have been effective in several combination regimens for the treatment of HIV disease. Widely accepted theories have recognized that such treatment regimens agents are capable of penetrating the blood brain barrier and may continue to exert damage to the brain, after antiviral treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate zidovudine-induced morphological changes in auditory relay centres of the brain. It is likely that the adverse effects of zidovudine as reported by several researches may be due to some underlying effect on the microanatomy of the intracranial auditory relay centres. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty rats with an average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into treatment (n1=20) and control (n2=20) groups. Zidovudine was dissolved in distilled water and a dose of 300mg/70kg (0.857mg/200g) was calculated and administered twice daily to the rats of the treatment group orally by the use of an orogastric tube for thirty days. The control group received equal volume of distilled water as placebo. The rats were later sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the inferior colliculi and medial geniculate bodies were dissected for morphometric and histological analysis. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Results from this study revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in weight of the inferior colliculus of the treated rats but a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight of the medial geniculate body of the treated rats, as compared to their corresponding control groups. Histologically, the treated tissues revealed similar necrotic and cellular degenerative changes in the stroma when compared to tissues from the control group. These observations confirm the adverse effects of Zidovudine on the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body of adult Wistar rats. However, it was also observed in this study that the effect of zidovudine was not similar on the two intracranial relay centres as previously believed. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed in corroborating these observations, especially to determine the mechanism of hearing loss that is associated with zidovudine therapy..
{"title":"Morphological effects of chronic administration of zidovudine on the intracranial auditory relay centers of adult Wistar rats","authors":"P. Igbigbi, J. Adjene, K. Iteire, B. Ogunlade","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_34_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_34_17","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Zidovudine is one of the very active antiretroviral treatments which have been effective in several combination regimens for the treatment of HIV disease. Widely accepted theories have recognized that such treatment regimens agents are capable of penetrating the blood brain barrier and may continue to exert damage to the brain, after antiviral treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate zidovudine-induced morphological changes in auditory relay centres of the brain. It is likely that the adverse effects of zidovudine as reported by several researches may be due to some underlying effect on the microanatomy of the intracranial auditory relay centres. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty rats with an average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into treatment (n1=20) and control (n2=20) groups. Zidovudine was dissolved in distilled water and a dose of 300mg/70kg (0.857mg/200g) was calculated and administered twice daily to the rats of the treatment group orally by the use of an orogastric tube for thirty days. The control group received equal volume of distilled water as placebo. The rats were later sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the inferior colliculi and medial geniculate bodies were dissected for morphometric and histological analysis. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: Results from this study revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in weight of the inferior colliculus of the treated rats but a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in weight of the medial geniculate body of the treated rats, as compared to their corresponding control groups. Histologically, the treated tissues revealed similar necrotic and cellular degenerative changes in the stroma when compared to tissues from the control group. These observations confirm the adverse effects of Zidovudine on the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body of adult Wistar rats. However, it was also observed in this study that the effect of zidovudine was not similar on the two intracranial relay centres as previously believed. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed in corroborating these observations, especially to determine the mechanism of hearing loss that is associated with zidovudine therapy..","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"56 1","pages":"8 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72942943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Issa, A. Agbon, S. Balogun, Onesimus Mahdi, K. Bobbo, F. Ayegbusi
CONTEXT: Musa paradisiaca (Banana) fruit pulp has been used in folk medicine to treat various kinds of ailments, such as dysentery, diarrhea, bronchitis, ulcer, fevers, and hemorrhages in different parts of the globe, including Nigeria, Western Africa. AIM: This study was designed to histologically and biochemically assess the protective effect of methanol fruit pulp extract of M. paradisiaca (MFMP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into six groups (I–VI; n = 4). Group I (control) was administered distilled H2O (2 ml/kg), whereas Groups II, III, and IV were administered MFMP (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively) and Group V administered Silymarin (100 mg/kg), as the reference drug, for a period of 14 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by the administration of CCl4(1 ml, 1:1 solution: olive oil). On the 15th day, Groups II–VI were administered single dose of CCl4. All administrations were through the oral route. After 12 h of CCl4administration, rats were euthanized and liver organs harvested for routine (H and E) histological tissue processing and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis of serum liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase). RESULTS: MFMP-treatment revealed remarkable histoarchitectural preservation of the liver parenchyma against CCl4-induced liver damage and decreased (P < 0.05) serum liver enzyme levels elevated by CCl4. Hepatoprotective activity was comparable with that of the reference drug, Silymarin. CONCLUSION: Result suggests that MFMP possesses hepatoprotective potentials against chemically-induced acute hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatoprotective potential of MFMP is possible as a result of its antioxidant properties.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of methanol fruit pulp extract of Musa paradisiaca on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats","authors":"M. Issa, A. Agbon, S. Balogun, Onesimus Mahdi, K. Bobbo, F. Ayegbusi","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_21_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_21_18","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: Musa paradisiaca (Banana) fruit pulp has been used in folk medicine to treat various kinds of ailments, such as dysentery, diarrhea, bronchitis, ulcer, fevers, and hemorrhages in different parts of the globe, including Nigeria, Western Africa. AIM: This study was designed to histologically and biochemically assess the protective effect of methanol fruit pulp extract of M. paradisiaca (MFMP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into six groups (I–VI; n = 4). Group I (control) was administered distilled H2O (2 ml/kg), whereas Groups II, III, and IV were administered MFMP (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively) and Group V administered Silymarin (100 mg/kg), as the reference drug, for a period of 14 days. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by the administration of CCl4(1 ml, 1:1 solution: olive oil). On the 15th day, Groups II–VI were administered single dose of CCl4. All administrations were through the oral route. After 12 h of CCl4administration, rats were euthanized and liver organs harvested for routine (H and E) histological tissue processing and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis of serum liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase). RESULTS: MFMP-treatment revealed remarkable histoarchitectural preservation of the liver parenchyma against CCl4-induced liver damage and decreased (P < 0.05) serum liver enzyme levels elevated by CCl4. Hepatoprotective activity was comparable with that of the reference drug, Silymarin. CONCLUSION: Result suggests that MFMP possesses hepatoprotective potentials against chemically-induced acute hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatoprotective potential of MFMP is possible as a result of its antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"21 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73307150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safeer Khan, Sanjib Das, Vishal Surender, Venkatesh Bheemaia, V. Joshi
Anatomical variation in the head of biceps brachii is well documented in various studies in the past. As for our best knowledge with the previous publication, there are so many journals reported with multiple variation including accessory heads of biceps brachii muscle (BBM), but the absence of one head of BBM in unilateral arm is very rare. The proximal tendons of the biceps brachii are commonly involved in pathological processes and are a frequent cause of anterior shoulder pain. Disorders of the distal biceps brachii tendon typically result from partial and complete tears of the muscle. Partial tears are usually characterized by enlargement and abnormal contour of the tendon. The purpose of this study was to find some rare kind of variations in the head of biceps brachii with future enlightenment in its potential effects in the normal functioning of upper limb. In the present study, we found that absence of one head of BBM in unilateral arm of one cadaver during anatomical dissection at Windsor University School of Medicine, Brightons Estate, Cayon, P. O. Box-1621, St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies. Strong evidence of the absence of one head of BBM may be suggestive of developmental anomaly or physical degeneration of the muscle which may lead to complete or partial dysfunction of the region (Szpinda, et al. 2013). However, further studies can reveal the real case of it.
在过去的各种研究中，肱二头肌头部的解剖变异得到了很好的记录。就我们目前所知，有很多期刊报道了包括肱二头肌附属头(BBM)在内的多种变异，但单侧手臂没有一例肱二头肌附属头是非常罕见的。肱二头肌的近端肌腱通常参与病理过程，是前肩疼痛的常见原因。肱二头肌远端肌腱紊乱通常是由部分或完全肌肉撕裂引起的。部分撕裂通常以肌腱扩大和轮廓异常为特征。本研究的目的是发现肱二头肌头部的一些罕见变异，为其对上肢正常功能的潜在影响提供启示。在本研究中，我们发现在西印度群岛圣基茨和尼维斯，圣基茨和尼维斯，圣基茨和尼维斯，布莱顿庄园，温莎大学医学院，p.o. Box-1621的解剖解剖中，一具尸体的单侧手臂缺少一个BBM头部。强有力的证据表明，BBM的一个头部缺失可能暗示了发育异常或肌肉的物理变性，这可能导致该区域的完全或部分功能障碍(Szpinda, et al. 2013)。然而，进一步的研究可以揭示它的真实情况。
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