Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.190824
K. Ordu, E. Aigbogun, June C Nwankwo
Background: Nose shape might be environmentally influenced; however, there are evidences of it being inherited in simple Mendelian dominant-recessive patterns. In such instance, a nose can be broad or narrow with respect to its wideness in comparison to the intercanthal bridge. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the inheritance pattern of nose shape in the bid to ascertain its usability in parentage determination. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-seven subjects from 101 families comprising 202 parents and 135 offspring were recruited for this study. The families were randomly selected from within Port Harcourt by a multistage sampling technique. Their nose shape were observed physically in the father, mother, and at least a child in each family and documented. The offspring traits were tabularized in patterns of parental combinations (when both parents' nose are broad, both parents' nose are narrow, and a combination of broad and narrow). SPSS IBM (r) version 20 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and test for association between sex and nose shape was carried out by Chi-square analysis and the conformance to Mendelian inheritance pattern was analyzed using Mendelian Chi-square gene distribution model. Results: Broad nose shape was more frequent with 298 (88.4%) when compared to narrow nose shape (11.6%). About 46.9% of males had broad nose against 41.5% for females. However, this distribution was not observed to follow any sexual preference (χ2 = 0.141, P > 0.932). The observed and expected outcome were tested for significance on the assumption that offspring outcome conforms to Mendelian simple dominant-recessive monohybrid cross; conformance was observed. Conclusion: The distribution of nose shape was observed to be genetically determined and follows Mendelian single gene dominant-recessive pattern with the allele for narrow nose dominant over the allele for broad nose. This result can be used for preliminary screening in parentage dispute. It can also be useful in forensic and genetic studies.
背景:鼻型可能受环境影响;然而，有证据表明它以简单的孟德尔显性-隐性模式遗传。在这种情况下，鼻子可以是宽的，也可以是窄的，相对于鼻梁的宽度而言。因此，本研究旨在确定鼻型的遗传模式，以确定其在亲子鉴定中的可用性。方法:从101个家庭中招募337名被试，其中父母202人，子女135人。这些家庭是通过多阶段抽样技术从哈科特港随机选择的。他们的鼻子形状在每个家庭的父亲、母亲和至少一个孩子身上被观察到并记录下来。后代的性状以亲本组合模式(双亲的鼻子都宽、双亲的鼻子都窄、双亲的鼻子宽和鼻子窄的组合)为表化。采用SPSS IBM (r) version 20对数据进行分析。用卡方分析对性别与鼻型的相关性进行描述性统计和检验，用孟德尔卡方基因分布模型分析其是否符合孟德尔遗传模式。结果:宽鼻型298例(88.4%)较窄鼻型(11.6%)多见。46.9%的男性有宽鼻子，而女性有41.5%。然而，这种分布与性别偏好无关(χ2 = 0.141, P > 0.932)。假设子代结局符合孟德尔简单显性-隐性单杂交，对观察结果和预期结果进行显著性检验;观察到一致性。结论:鼻型的分布是遗传决定的，符合孟德尔单基因显性-隐性模式，窄鼻等位基因优势于宽鼻等位基因。该结果可用于亲子纠纷的初步筛选。它在法医和基因研究中也很有用。
{"title":"Evaluation of nose shape as a Mendelian-inherited trait in the determination of parentage among Nigerians in Port Harcourt","authors":"K. Ordu, E. Aigbogun, June C Nwankwo","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190824","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nose shape might be environmentally influenced; however, there are evidences of it being inherited in simple Mendelian dominant-recessive patterns. In such instance, a nose can be broad or narrow with respect to its wideness in comparison to the intercanthal bridge. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the inheritance pattern of nose shape in the bid to ascertain its usability in parentage determination. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-seven subjects from 101 families comprising 202 parents and 135 offspring were recruited for this study. The families were randomly selected from within Port Harcourt by a multistage sampling technique. Their nose shape were observed physically in the father, mother, and at least a child in each family and documented. The offspring traits were tabularized in patterns of parental combinations (when both parents' nose are broad, both parents' nose are narrow, and a combination of broad and narrow). SPSS IBM (r) version 20 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and test for association between sex and nose shape was carried out by Chi-square analysis and the conformance to Mendelian inheritance pattern was analyzed using Mendelian Chi-square gene distribution model. Results: Broad nose shape was more frequent with 298 (88.4%) when compared to narrow nose shape (11.6%). About 46.9% of males had broad nose against 41.5% for females. However, this distribution was not observed to follow any sexual preference (χ2 = 0.141, P > 0.932). The observed and expected outcome were tested for significance on the assumption that offspring outcome conforms to Mendelian simple dominant-recessive monohybrid cross; conformance was observed. Conclusion: The distribution of nose shape was observed to be genetically determined and follows Mendelian single gene dominant-recessive pattern with the allele for narrow nose dominant over the allele for broad nose. This result can be used for preliminary screening in parentage dispute. It can also be useful in forensic and genetic studies.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"81 1","pages":"9 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81711983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.190828
F. Karawya, E. Metwally
Background: Gut health is the most important factor for a healthy life. A large number of people are suffering from gut associated diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is the general medical terminology for chronic inflammatory illness of unknown origin. Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid has been used extensively as a model for intestinal inflammatory disease. Aim of the work: This study aims to assess the effect of jujube fruit extract on the histological integrity of colon, in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: Experimental colitis was induced under light ether anesthesia by intrarectal administration of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid (AA) in male albino rats, Control rats received an equal volume of saline intrarectally. Experimental rats were treated orally with jujube fruit extract (1 gm/kg body weight) for one month. Results: Myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels in the colonic tissues revealed significant increased level and morphological changes in the colonic mucosa were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin, AB/PAS and Trichrome stains revealed alteration of the colonic mucosa as evident by crypt architecture disarray, mucin depletion from goblet cells, epithelial degeneration and necrosis accompanied by cellular infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa. In our model, the administration of jujube fruit extract of 1 gm/kg body weight revealed, significant decrease in myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels as compared with the control group associated with mild acetic acid-induced lesions in the histological sections. Conclusion: These results indicated that jujube fruit extract acted as a treatment agent against inflammation in rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis.
背景:肠道健康是健康生活最重要的因素。很多人都患有肠道相关疾病。炎症性肠病是病因不明的慢性炎症性疾病的总称。醋酸诱导的实验性结肠炎被广泛用作肠道炎症性疾病的模型。工作目的:本研究旨在评价红枣提取物对醋酸性结肠炎大鼠模型结肠组织完整性的影响。材料与方法:雄性白化病大鼠在轻乙醚麻醉下经直肠灌胃1 ml 4%乙酸(AA)诱导实验性结肠炎，对照组大鼠经直肠灌胃等量生理盐水。实验大鼠口服枣果提取物(1 gm/kg体重)1个月。结果:结肠组织髓过氧化物酶和caspase-3水平明显升高，苏木精和伊红染色显示结肠粘膜形态学改变，AB/PAS和三色染色显示结肠粘膜改变，隐窝结构紊乱，杯状细胞粘蛋白缺失，上皮变性和坏死伴固有层和粘膜下层细胞浸润。在我们的模型中，与对照组相比，给药1 gm/kg体重的枣果提取物在组织学切片上显示髓过氧化物酶和caspase-3水平显著降低，并伴有轻度乙酸诱导病变。结论:红枣果提取物对醋酸性结肠炎模型大鼠具有一定的抗炎作用。
{"title":"Effects of jujube fruit extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in adult male rats","authors":"F. Karawya, E. Metwally","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190828","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gut health is the most important factor for a healthy life. A large number of people are suffering from gut associated diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is the general medical terminology for chronic inflammatory illness of unknown origin. Experimental colitis induced by acetic acid has been used extensively as a model for intestinal inflammatory disease. Aim of the work: This study aims to assess the effect of jujube fruit extract on the histological integrity of colon, in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Materials and Methods: Experimental colitis was induced under light ether anesthesia by intrarectal administration of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid (AA) in male albino rats, Control rats received an equal volume of saline intrarectally. Experimental rats were treated orally with jujube fruit extract (1 gm/kg body weight) for one month. Results: Myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels in the colonic tissues revealed significant increased level and morphological changes in the colonic mucosa were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin, AB/PAS and Trichrome stains revealed alteration of the colonic mucosa as evident by crypt architecture disarray, mucin depletion from goblet cells, epithelial degeneration and necrosis accompanied by cellular infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa. In our model, the administration of jujube fruit extract of 1 gm/kg body weight revealed, significant decrease in myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 levels as compared with the control group associated with mild acetic acid-induced lesions in the histological sections. Conclusion: These results indicated that jujube fruit extract acted as a treatment agent against inflammation in rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"79 1","pages":"19 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89837292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.190825
Sujithaa Nagarajan, Raveendranath Veeramani, H. Suma, Parkash Chand
Sciatic nerve divides into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve at the level of superior angle of popliteal fossa and variations in its branching pattern are common. The most common nerve entrapment syndrome in the lower limbs is common peroneal nerve entrapment at fibular head. Invariably it can also be trapped in gluteal region due to split piriformis muscle which compresses sciatic nerve as whole or its division such as common peroneal nerve. In this case report, we describe a case of high division of sciatic nerve along with duplicated piriformis associated with a communicating branch between inferior gluteal nerve and common peroneal nerve. Such an anatomical variation of common peroneal nerve with the communicating nerve is discussed with its embryological basis.
{"title":"Common peroneal nerve entrapment with the communication between inferior gluteal nerve and common peroneal nerve","authors":"Sujithaa Nagarajan, Raveendranath Veeramani, H. Suma, Parkash Chand","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190825","url":null,"abstract":"Sciatic nerve divides into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve at the level of superior angle of popliteal fossa and variations in its branching pattern are common. The most common nerve entrapment syndrome in the lower limbs is common peroneal nerve entrapment at fibular head. Invariably it can also be trapped in gluteal region due to split piriformis muscle which compresses sciatic nerve as whole or its division such as common peroneal nerve. In this case report, we describe a case of high division of sciatic nerve along with duplicated piriformis associated with a communicating branch between inferior gluteal nerve and common peroneal nerve. Such an anatomical variation of common peroneal nerve with the communicating nerve is discussed with its embryological basis.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"56 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81949632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.190830
{"title":"Conference proceedings for the 15th scientific conference of the society of experimental and clinical anatomists of Nigeria (SECAN), “ABRAKA 2016”","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"37 1","pages":"60 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88462633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.190827
A. Udoumoh, U. Igwebuike, W. Ugwuoke
Background to the study: Common pigeon (Columba livia) is widely distributed worldwide and feeds mainly on grains or seeds and insects and small invertebrates. Some studies have demonstrated variations in the morphology and function of avian alimentary tract. Methods: Ten apparently healthy adult common pigeons were examined in this study. Following euthanasia, gross and histological techniques were used to investigate the morphology of the distal ileum and ceca of common pigeon. Results: At the ileo-ceco-rectal junction, the tunica muscularis of the distal ileum exhibited a thickened layer of oblique smooth muscle fibers positioned between the middle circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The ceca of the common pigeon were paired, small (approximately 0.33 cm), blind-ended sacs situated at acute angles with the distal ileum. Histologically, each cecum exhibited a lamina propria-submucosa that contained aggregates of lymphocytes and few glandular acini throughout the length of the organ. Conclusion: It was suggested that the ceca of the common pigeon may be important in immunological response of the bird to invasion by antigens while playing some roles in the digestion of food materials. Moreover, the thickened oblique layer of smooth muscle fibers in the wall of the distal ileum may serve to regulate the passage of materials through the ileo-ceco-rectal orifice.
{"title":"Morphological features of the distal ileum and ceca of the common pigeon (Columba livia)","authors":"A. Udoumoh, U. Igwebuike, W. Ugwuoke","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190827","url":null,"abstract":"Background to the study: Common pigeon (Columba livia) is widely distributed worldwide and feeds mainly on grains or seeds and insects and small invertebrates. Some studies have demonstrated variations in the morphology and function of avian alimentary tract. Methods: Ten apparently healthy adult common pigeons were examined in this study. Following euthanasia, gross and histological techniques were used to investigate the morphology of the distal ileum and ceca of common pigeon. Results: At the ileo-ceco-rectal junction, the tunica muscularis of the distal ileum exhibited a thickened layer of oblique smooth muscle fibers positioned between the middle circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The ceca of the common pigeon were paired, small (approximately 0.33 cm), blind-ended sacs situated at acute angles with the distal ileum. Histologically, each cecum exhibited a lamina propria-submucosa that contained aggregates of lymphocytes and few glandular acini throughout the length of the organ. Conclusion: It was suggested that the ceca of the common pigeon may be important in immunological response of the bird to invasion by antigens while playing some roles in the digestion of food materials. Moreover, the thickened oblique layer of smooth muscle fibers in the wall of the distal ileum may serve to regulate the passage of materials through the ileo-ceco-rectal orifice.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"9 1","pages":"27 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84326633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welcome Address of the Congress Presidents","authors":"H. Çelik, E. Şendemir","doi":"10.2399/ANA.15.V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ANA.15.V","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.177028
V. Ezeuko, Agbonluai Richard Ehimigbai, Ehijele Loveth Esechie
Background: Fractures of the distal humerus constitute between 0.5% and 2% of all fractures, and about one-third of fractures around the elbow joint. This study was aimed at classifying the patterns of distal humeral fractures among Nigerians. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively at the Department of Medical Records, National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos State, Nigeria. Plain films of X-ray (both anteroposterior and lateral views) that were taken between 2007 and 2012. The films were from a total number of 144 patients of ages ranging from birth to 100 years (0–100 years), comprising of 88 males and 56 females. Distal humeral fractures were classified according to Müller's classification for the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation. Comparisons of the patterns of distal humeral fractures were made between the sexes, sides affected, age groups, and causes of the fractures. Results: The results showed that the most frequent type of distal humeral fractures was extra-articular fractures (50.7% [73/144]) followed by partial articular fractures (31.9% [46/144]), while the least frequent was complete articular fractures (17.4% [25/144]). Conclusion: This study shows to a great extent that there is a pattern for distal humeral fractures among Nigerians. This type of epidemiologic studies offers important data that contributes to improvement in fracture management and treatment.
{"title":"Patterns of distal humeral fractures among Nigerians: A radiologic study","authors":"V. Ezeuko, Agbonluai Richard Ehimigbai, Ehijele Loveth Esechie","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.177028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.177028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fractures of the distal humerus constitute between 0.5% and 2% of all fractures, and about one-third of fractures around the elbow joint. This study was aimed at classifying the patterns of distal humeral fractures among Nigerians. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively at the Department of Medical Records, National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos State, Nigeria. Plain films of X-ray (both anteroposterior and lateral views) that were taken between 2007 and 2012. The films were from a total number of 144 patients of ages ranging from birth to 100 years (0–100 years), comprising of 88 males and 56 females. Distal humeral fractures were classified according to Müller's classification for the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation. Comparisons of the patterns of distal humeral fractures were made between the sexes, sides affected, age groups, and causes of the fractures. Results: The results showed that the most frequent type of distal humeral fractures was extra-articular fractures (50.7% [73/144]) followed by partial articular fractures (31.9% [46/144]), while the least frequent was complete articular fractures (17.4% [25/144]). Conclusion: This study shows to a great extent that there is a pattern for distal humeral fractures among Nigerians. This type of epidemiologic studies offers important data that contributes to improvement in fracture management and treatment.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"29 1","pages":"69 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76456923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Wastes are mainly unwanted products from domestic and industrial sources, which increases due to accelerated industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. Open refuse dumping is the predominant form of waste disposal method in Nigeria and presents huge environmental and health challenges. Hence, this study investigated the effects of long-term exposure of rats to refuse dump sites on histological and serum analysis in three organs; kidney, lungs, and spleen. Materials and Methods: Twelve Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into two groups made up of 6 rats in each group. Group A was the controls and group B was the experimental. The experimental rats were exposed to refuse dump fume by keeping them in a research hut built in a refuse dump site for 8 months while the control rats were keep in the Department of Human Anatomy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. Results: There was loss of the elastic tissue support for bronchioles, alveolar wall and coalescence of adjacent alveoli as compared with the control. Serum urea concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in exposed rats (9.08 ± 1.58) compared with control rats (5.00 ± 0.32). Similarly, serum creatinine concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in exposed rats (106.20 ± 14.94) compared to Control rats (53.67 ± 5.68). All measured serum electrolytes were significantly altered (P < 0.05). Sodium ions (Na+) (90.17 ± 7.68) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) (2.33 ± 0.33) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) while potassium ions (K+) (61.83 ± 6.70) and chloride ions (Cl−) (117.2 ± 3.08) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results revealed histological distortion in experimental animals due to exposure to refuse dump site.
{"title":"Histological alteration of the pulmonary alveoli, renal cortex and spleen following exposure to open refuse dump site","authors":"MOnyije Felix, EWaritimi Gilbert, AAtoni Dogood, OIjomone Meashack, UNwoha Polycarp","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.177020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.177020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wastes are mainly unwanted products from domestic and industrial sources, which increases due to accelerated industrialization, urbanization, and population growth. Open refuse dumping is the predominant form of waste disposal method in Nigeria and presents huge environmental and health challenges. Hence, this study investigated the effects of long-term exposure of rats to refuse dump sites on histological and serum analysis in three organs; kidney, lungs, and spleen. Materials and Methods: Twelve Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into two groups made up of 6 rats in each group. Group A was the controls and group B was the experimental. The experimental rats were exposed to refuse dump fume by keeping them in a research hut built in a refuse dump site for 8 months while the control rats were keep in the Department of Human Anatomy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State. Results: There was loss of the elastic tissue support for bronchioles, alveolar wall and coalescence of adjacent alveoli as compared with the control. Serum urea concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in exposed rats (9.08 ± 1.58) compared with control rats (5.00 ± 0.32). Similarly, serum creatinine concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in exposed rats (106.20 ± 14.94) compared to Control rats (53.67 ± 5.68). All measured serum electrolytes were significantly altered (P < 0.05). Sodium ions (Na+) (90.17 ± 7.68) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) (2.33 ± 0.33) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) while potassium ions (K+) (61.83 ± 6.70) and chloride ions (Cl−) (117.2 ± 3.08) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results revealed histological distortion in experimental animals due to exposure to refuse dump site.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"57 1","pages":"63 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83861598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.177024
Sakpa Christopher, O. Ejuoghanran, O. Festus
Telfairia occidentalis is a leafy vegetable consumed commonly for its nutritional and medicinal effects. However, few studies have been carried out on its fertility effects in males with most of such studies offering conflicting results. The present study evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of the leaves of T. occidentalis on male fertility in adult wistar rats. The thirty rats used for this study were randomized into groups A, B and C. Rats in groups B & C were treated with 500 and 1000mg/kg.bwt of the leaf extract respectively by gavage for 56 days while group A served as control. The sperm characteristics, male hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis hormones and histological studies were carried out according to existing laboratory methods. Results from all the parameters studied showed that the aqueous extract of leaves of T. occidentalis exhibited profertility properties in adult male wistar rats. Further research to determine the components of the leaf extract implicated in the outcomes observed and the mechanism of action would be necessary.
{"title":"Profertility effects of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis in adult male Wistar rats","authors":"Sakpa Christopher, O. Ejuoghanran, O. Festus","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.177024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.177024","url":null,"abstract":"Telfairia occidentalis is a leafy vegetable consumed commonly for its nutritional and medicinal effects. However, few studies have been carried out on its fertility effects in males with most of such studies offering conflicting results. The present study evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of the leaves of T. occidentalis on male fertility in adult wistar rats. The thirty rats used for this study were randomized into groups A, B and C. Rats in groups B & C were treated with 500 and 1000mg/kg.bwt of the leaf extract respectively by gavage for 56 days while group A served as control. The sperm characteristics, male hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis hormones and histological studies were carried out according to existing laboratory methods. Results from all the parameters studied showed that the aqueous extract of leaves of T. occidentalis exhibited profertility properties in adult male wistar rats. Further research to determine the components of the leaf extract implicated in the outcomes observed and the mechanism of action would be necessary.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"22 1","pages":"88 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88476631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.177018
C. Paul, N. Dare
Introduction: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) is an aromatic perennial tall grass with rhizomes densely tufted fibrous root. The aim of the study was to determine the histological effect(s) of the hydro- methanol leaf extract of lemon grass HLELG) on Albino Wistar rats kidney. The objectives were to: (a) Determine the LD50 of HLELG. (b) Determine if there is any effect(s) of HLELG on the kidney. (c) Determine whether the histological effects of the HLELG is dose-dependent (d) Determine whether the histological effects of the HLELG is time-dependent. Twelve (12) male albino wistar rats were used to determine the LD50 of HLELG. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five albino wistar rats were recruited for this experiment. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, they were divided into three experimental groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats per group and a control group of 5 rats. Experimental groups (A, B and C) ingested 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of HLELG respectively once daily. Two rats from each experimental group were sacrificed at the end of each week for three consecutive weeks. Two rats were sacrificed from the control group at the end of the third week. Kidneys from each rat were collected and fixed in 10% formal saline. They were processed for routine staining with Heamatoxylin and Eosin (H and E). Results: The LD50 “intraperitoneal” of HLELG was found to be higher than 10,000 mg/kg. Obliteration of the Bowman's capsule was seen in; experimental group C at the end of week one, experimental groups A-C at the end of week two and experimental group C at the end of week three. Discussion: The obliteration of Bowman's capsule is as a result of hypertrophy of the glomerular tufts and it is likely to be due to essential oil of lemon grass which has been reported to be toxic against mice. Conclusion: The index study concluded that: (a) The LD50 of the HLELG is above 10,000 mg/kg. (b) HLELG distorts the histology of albino wistar rats' kidneys. (c) The effects of HLELG on albino wistar rats' kidneys are both time and dose-dependent.
{"title":"Hydro-methanol leaf extract of lemon grass is friendly with the histology of albino Wistar rats' kidneys","authors":"C. Paul, N. Dare","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.177018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.177018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) is an aromatic perennial tall grass with rhizomes densely tufted fibrous root. The aim of the study was to determine the histological effect(s) of the hydro- methanol leaf extract of lemon grass HLELG) on Albino Wistar rats kidney. The objectives were to: (a) Determine the LD50 of HLELG. (b) Determine if there is any effect(s) of HLELG on the kidney. (c) Determine whether the histological effects of the HLELG is dose-dependent (d) Determine whether the histological effects of the HLELG is time-dependent. Twelve (12) male albino wistar rats were used to determine the LD50 of HLELG. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five albino wistar rats were recruited for this experiment. After 2 weeks of acclimatization, they were divided into three experimental groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats per group and a control group of 5 rats. Experimental groups (A, B and C) ingested 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of HLELG respectively once daily. Two rats from each experimental group were sacrificed at the end of each week for three consecutive weeks. Two rats were sacrificed from the control group at the end of the third week. Kidneys from each rat were collected and fixed in 10% formal saline. They were processed for routine staining with Heamatoxylin and Eosin (H and E). Results: The LD50 “intraperitoneal” of HLELG was found to be higher than 10,000 mg/kg. Obliteration of the Bowman's capsule was seen in; experimental group C at the end of week one, experimental groups A-C at the end of week two and experimental group C at the end of week three. Discussion: The obliteration of Bowman's capsule is as a result of hypertrophy of the glomerular tufts and it is likely to be due to essential oil of lemon grass which has been reported to be toxic against mice. Conclusion: The index study concluded that: (a) The LD50 of the HLELG is above 10,000 mg/kg. (b) HLELG distorts the histology of albino wistar rats' kidneys. (c) The effects of HLELG on albino wistar rats' kidneys are both time and dose-dependent.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"19 1","pages":"76 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87941800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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