Background: The growing concerns about male reproductive dysfunction as well as obesity have necessitated the present study. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of intake of palm wine on body weight, testis weight and microarchitecture of the testis in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Ten mature male rats weighing between 101 g and 180 g were assigned into two groups of A and B, consisting of five animals each that all had access to rat chow and water ad libitum. Fresh undiluted palm wine gotten as sap (juice) from oil palm trees was collected from a local palm wine tapper at every three days interval and often conserved in a refrigerator after every use before being replaced with a fresh collection on the 4th day. While group A served as control, group B animals were orally administered with 10ml/kg body weight per day of the palm wine for twenty-one days. The G&G(R) Electronic Scale (JJ1000 Capacity) was the instrument used for the assessment of the weight parameters. The analysis of variance was the statistical tool used to determine the weight differences between the two groups and P < 0.05 was taken as the statistically significant value; with the data presented as Mean ± SEM. Results: The outcome of the research on weight parameters showed non significant changes as the means for the initial and final body weights in group A were 108 g and 136 g ± 0.28 while those in group B were 138 g and 165 g ± 0.29 respectively. The testis mean weight of group A animals was 3.3 g ± 0.05 while that of group B was 3.8 g ± 0.07. Following routine histological processing, the micro-anatomic studies of testicular tissue samples from group B revealed focal disordered arrangement of sperm–producing cells. Conclusion: The findings therefore show that regular intake of fermented palm sap popularly known as palm wine may not significantly affect body weight nor testis weight, but can gradually distort testicular tissue architecture with abnormally structured cells.
{"title":"The effect of intake of palm wine on body weight and testicular microarchitecture in adult wistar rats","authors":"U. Isaac, F. Akpuaka, G. Ndukwe","doi":"10.4103/JECA.JECA_16_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JECA.JECA_16_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The growing concerns about male reproductive dysfunction as well as obesity have necessitated the present study. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of intake of palm wine on body weight, testis weight and microarchitecture of the testis in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Ten mature male rats weighing between 101 g and 180 g were assigned into two groups of A and B, consisting of five animals each that all had access to rat chow and water ad libitum. Fresh undiluted palm wine gotten as sap (juice) from oil palm trees was collected from a local palm wine tapper at every three days interval and often conserved in a refrigerator after every use before being replaced with a fresh collection on the 4th day. While group A served as control, group B animals were orally administered with 10ml/kg body weight per day of the palm wine for twenty-one days. The G&G(R) Electronic Scale (JJ1000 Capacity) was the instrument used for the assessment of the weight parameters. The analysis of variance was the statistical tool used to determine the weight differences between the two groups and P < 0.05 was taken as the statistically significant value; with the data presented as Mean ± SEM. Results: The outcome of the research on weight parameters showed non significant changes as the means for the initial and final body weights in group A were 108 g and 136 g ± 0.28 while those in group B were 138 g and 165 g ± 0.29 respectively. The testis mean weight of group A animals was 3.3 g ± 0.05 while that of group B was 3.8 g ± 0.07. Following routine histological processing, the micro-anatomic studies of testicular tissue samples from group B revealed focal disordered arrangement of sperm–producing cells. Conclusion: The findings therefore show that regular intake of fermented palm sap popularly known as palm wine may not significantly affect body weight nor testis weight, but can gradually distort testicular tissue architecture with abnormally structured cells.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"54 1","pages":"12 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78736851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdou Kaka Aboubacar Katiella, Monday Nwankwo, B. Danborno
Background: Few data are available on the association between birthweight, birth order (BO), and age at menarche. Previous studies have indicated a significant association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche. Aim: this cross-sectional study examines the association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche of Nigerien schoolgirls. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected with questionnaires from a total of 487 adolescent schoolgirls aged 12–27 years. Results: Schoolgirls with low birthweight reach menarche earlier than those with normal birthweight (13.59 years vs. 13.94 years, P= 0.004). BO showed statistically significant impact on age at menarche with the first-born girls reaching menarche earlier than the later-born girls (F = 5.17,P< 0.001). Age at menarche was positively related to all the measured anthropometrics at P< 0.01. Multiple regression analyses revealed that only BO is a significant predictor of age at menarche (P < 0.000). Conclusion: Our results suggest an association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche.
{"title":"Associations between birthweight, birth order, and age at menarche of schoolgirls in Niger Republic","authors":"Abdou Kaka Aboubacar Katiella, Monday Nwankwo, B. Danborno","doi":"10.4103/JECA.JECA_27_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JECA.JECA_27_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Few data are available on the association between birthweight, birth order (BO), and age at menarche. Previous studies have indicated a significant association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche. Aim: this cross-sectional study examines the association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche of Nigerien schoolgirls. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected with questionnaires from a total of 487 adolescent schoolgirls aged 12–27 years. Results: Schoolgirls with low birthweight reach menarche earlier than those with normal birthweight (13.59 years vs. 13.94 years, P= 0.004). BO showed statistically significant impact on age at menarche with the first-born girls reaching menarche earlier than the later-born girls (F = 5.17,P< 0.001). Age at menarche was positively related to all the measured anthropometrics at P< 0.01. Multiple regression analyses revealed that only BO is a significant predictor of age at menarche (P < 0.000). Conclusion: Our results suggest an association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"79 1","pages":"18 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83758578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gopalakrishna, S. Deepalaxmi, S. Somashekara, B. Rathna
Background: Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the major fissures are essential to recognize pulmonary abnormalities, for segmental lung resection and radiological interpretations. Objective: To study the morphological variations of fissures and lobes in the human cadaveric lungs. Materials and Methods: One hundred specimens of formalin-fixed adult lungs of unknown gender were studied and the following parameters were measured bilaterally: (a) presence or absence of complete or incomplete fissure, (b) presence of accessory fissure, and (c) length of fissures. The observations and measurements were recorded, compiled, and tabulated and the result was compared with the other studies. Results: Length of oblique fissure was 29.36 ± 5.61cm with range of 17.9 - 42.0 cm on the right side and 26.81 ± 8.18 cm with range of 10.8–38.9 cm on the left side. Length of horizontal fissure was 10.2 ± 8.4 cm with range of 6.1–12.8 cm on the right side. Oblique fissure was complete in 84.0% cases on the right side and was in 82.0% cases on the right side. It was incomplete or absent in 16% (R) and 18% (L) cases. Horizontal fissure was complete in 74% and incomplete or absent in 26% of cases. Accessory fissure was found in a total of eight lung specimens. Conclusions: The knowledge of anatomy of fissures of the lung provides information on lobar anatomy with variations. The present study result and its comparison with other researches confirmed that lobar architecture is not constant. It emphasizes its usefulness in the diagnostic and surgical field.
{"title":"A cadaveric study on morphological variations of fissures and lobes in the human lungs and its clinical significance","authors":"K. Gopalakrishna, S. Deepalaxmi, S. Somashekara, B. Rathna","doi":"10.4103/jeca.jeca_9_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jeca.jeca_9_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the major fissures are essential to recognize pulmonary abnormalities, for segmental lung resection and radiological interpretations. Objective: To study the morphological variations of fissures and lobes in the human cadaveric lungs. Materials and Methods: One hundred specimens of formalin-fixed adult lungs of unknown gender were studied and the following parameters were measured bilaterally: (a) presence or absence of complete or incomplete fissure, (b) presence of accessory fissure, and (c) length of fissures. The observations and measurements were recorded, compiled, and tabulated and the result was compared with the other studies. Results: Length of oblique fissure was 29.36 ± 5.61cm with range of 17.9 - 42.0 cm on the right side and 26.81 ± 8.18 cm with range of 10.8–38.9 cm on the left side. Length of horizontal fissure was 10.2 ± 8.4 cm with range of 6.1–12.8 cm on the right side. Oblique fissure was complete in 84.0% cases on the right side and was in 82.0% cases on the right side. It was incomplete or absent in 16% (R) and 18% (L) cases. Horizontal fissure was complete in 74% and incomplete or absent in 26% of cases. Accessory fissure was found in a total of eight lung specimens. Conclusions: The knowledge of anatomy of fissures of the lung provides information on lobar anatomy with variations. The present study result and its comparison with other researches confirmed that lobar architecture is not constant. It emphasizes its usefulness in the diagnostic and surgical field.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"7 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89732473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conference proceedings for the 15 th scientific conference of the society of experimental and clinical anatomists of Nigeria (SECAN), “ABRAKA 2016”","authors":"O. Egwu","doi":"10.4314/jeca.v15i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v15i1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74672856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe structural changes in the cornea of the rat after monocular eyelid closure. Methods: Twenty-six Rattus norvegicus male rats aged three months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (2), experimental (16) and control (8) groups. Unilateral eyelid closure was performed on the experimental animals by suture tarsorrhaphy. At experiment days 5, 10, 15 and 20, four rats from the experimental group and two rats from the control group were euthanized, their eyeballs harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning and Masson’s trichrome staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope. Results: In the closed eyes, there was a time-dependent reduction in the stratification of the corneal epithelium with subsequent disintegration, and an increase in distribution of stromal keratocytes while the corneal endothelial cells showed slight enlargement from squamous shape. The contralateral and control eyes did not exhibit any significant changes through the experimental period. Conclusion: Monocular eyelid closure causes structural changes in the corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium of the tarsorrhaphy eye. Therefore, tarsorrhaphy should not be prolonged due to risk of corneal diseases and diminution of vision as a result of the structural changes. Keywords: cornea; eyelid closure; rat; tarsorrhaphy
{"title":"Histomorphological changes in the cornea of the rat following monocular eyelid closure","authors":"F. Aseta, P. Mwachaka, P. Odula, A. Malek","doi":"10.2399/ANA.16.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2399/ANA.16.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe structural changes in the cornea of the rat after monocular eyelid closure. Methods: Twenty-six Rattus norvegicus male rats aged three months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (2), experimental (16) and control (8) groups. Unilateral eyelid closure was performed on the experimental animals by suture tarsorrhaphy. At experiment days 5, 10, 15 and 20, four rats from the experimental group and two rats from the control group were euthanized, their eyeballs harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning and Masson’s trichrome staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope. Results: In the closed eyes, there was a time-dependent reduction in the stratification of the corneal epithelium with subsequent disintegration, and an increase in distribution of stromal keratocytes while the corneal endothelial cells showed slight enlargement from squamous shape. The contralateral and control eyes did not exhibit any significant changes through the experimental period. Conclusion: Monocular eyelid closure causes structural changes in the corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium of the tarsorrhaphy eye. Therefore, tarsorrhaphy should not be prolonged due to risk of corneal diseases and diminution of vision as a result of the structural changes. Keywords: cornea; eyelid closure; rat; tarsorrhaphy","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91544483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.200913
J. Ezugworie, A. Agu, Chimdimma Noelyn Onah, J. Nto, T. Okeke
Background: Mothers have always had cause to worry about the sex of their unborn child, but prenatal sex determination has continued to attract mixed feelings and reactions worldwide. This study was aimed at determining factors that influence pregnant women's requests for ultrasound sex identification of fetuses in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, was done. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the factors influencing their willingness to know the sex of their unborn children. Results: A total of 416 responses were obtained. Nearly 40.4% of the respondents were interested in knowing the sex of their children. Almost 56.3% preferred to have a male child, 8.7% preferred to have a female child while 25.5% of the respondents were indifferent. Those who had preference for a particular sex were more interested in requesting for prenatal sex determination than those who did not (54.2% vs. 24.0%). Those who had family pressure for a particular sex were more interested than those who were not pressured (65.9% vs. 33.1%). Other factors that influenced their desire to request for the prenatal sex of their children were preference for a male child, desire for more children dependent on the sex of the index fetus, and desire for more children (irrespective of the sex). Conclusions: Preference for a particular sex, desire to have more children, and family pressure for a particular sex were found to be the major factors that influence the desire for prenatal sex determination by pregnant women in this study.
{"title":"Prenatal ultrasound sex identification: Some factors that influence pregnant women's requests in Enugu, South-East Nigeria","authors":"J. Ezugworie, A. Agu, Chimdimma Noelyn Onah, J. Nto, T. Okeke","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200913","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mothers have always had cause to worry about the sex of their unborn child, but prenatal sex determination has continued to attract mixed feelings and reactions worldwide. This study was aimed at determining factors that influence pregnant women's requests for ultrasound sex identification of fetuses in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, was done. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the factors influencing their willingness to know the sex of their unborn children. Results: A total of 416 responses were obtained. Nearly 40.4% of the respondents were interested in knowing the sex of their children. Almost 56.3% preferred to have a male child, 8.7% preferred to have a female child while 25.5% of the respondents were indifferent. Those who had preference for a particular sex were more interested in requesting for prenatal sex determination than those who did not (54.2% vs. 24.0%). Those who had family pressure for a particular sex were more interested than those who were not pressured (65.9% vs. 33.1%). Other factors that influenced their desire to request for the prenatal sex of their children were preference for a male child, desire for more children dependent on the sex of the index fetus, and desire for more children (irrespective of the sex). Conclusions: Preference for a particular sex, desire to have more children, and family pressure for a particular sex were found to be the major factors that influence the desire for prenatal sex determination by pregnant women in this study.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"14 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79294933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.200916
A. Ibitoye, O. Afolabi, N. Irurhe, O. Ekun, A. Sowumi
Background: Previous reports showed that infrared radiation (IR) involved in photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, free radicals' production, and depletion of bone marrow cells. Beneficial effects of moderate exposure to infrared lamp have been itemized to include enhancement of blood circulation, relief from muscular pain, and wound healing acceleration with scarce information on biological effects when it is overexposed. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the possibility of its overexposure on biological system, especially blood parameters. Aim: This study was aimed to determine the biological effects of overexposure to radiation from infrared lamp on blood parameters. Materials and Methods: Infrared lamp of 100 W acts as a source of the IR. Twenty male healthy Wistar rats of the age range between 10 and 12 weeks and weigh between 100 and 250 g were studied. All the animals studied also acts as a control group with their blood samples taken and recorded as initial counting values. The animals were later divided into three groups: A, B, and C according to their hours of exposure according to their weight. Animals in Groups A, B, and C were exposed to IR for 1, 3, and 5 h, respectively. Blood samples of each animal in the group were taken 24, 48, and 96 h after exposure. The total number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocyte, and neutrophils were counted and compared with the initial samples. Results: The results revealed that packed cell volume, white blood cell, and lymphocytes of all the exposed animals averagely decreased by 17.4%, 17.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, whereas neutrophil increased by 19.0% after exposure to infrared. Conclusion: This study established that overexposure to radiation from infrared lamp affects hematological parameters.
{"title":"Overexposure of rats to radiation from infrared lamp: Effects on blood parameters","authors":"A. Ibitoye, O. Afolabi, N. Irurhe, O. Ekun, A. Sowumi","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200916","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous reports showed that infrared radiation (IR) involved in photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, free radicals' production, and depletion of bone marrow cells. Beneficial effects of moderate exposure to infrared lamp have been itemized to include enhancement of blood circulation, relief from muscular pain, and wound healing acceleration with scarce information on biological effects when it is overexposed. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the possibility of its overexposure on biological system, especially blood parameters. Aim: This study was aimed to determine the biological effects of overexposure to radiation from infrared lamp on blood parameters. Materials and Methods: Infrared lamp of 100 W acts as a source of the IR. Twenty male healthy Wistar rats of the age range between 10 and 12 weeks and weigh between 100 and 250 g were studied. All the animals studied also acts as a control group with their blood samples taken and recorded as initial counting values. The animals were later divided into three groups: A, B, and C according to their hours of exposure according to their weight. Animals in Groups A, B, and C were exposed to IR for 1, 3, and 5 h, respectively. Blood samples of each animal in the group were taken 24, 48, and 96 h after exposure. The total number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocyte, and neutrophils were counted and compared with the initial samples. Results: The results revealed that packed cell volume, white blood cell, and lymphocytes of all the exposed animals averagely decreased by 17.4%, 17.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, whereas neutrophil increased by 19.0% after exposure to infrared. Conclusion: This study established that overexposure to radiation from infrared lamp affects hematological parameters.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"26 1","pages":"85 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73880644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.200912
C. J. Okamkpa, Monday Nwankwo, B. Danborno
Background: Epidemiological studies on high blood pressure revealed that it has become a global public health concern. Efforts are being made to uncover other indicators of hypertension than the traditional and crude one popularly used, i.e. BMI. Obesity and overweight are common causes of most cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The study examined which anthropometric variable better predicts hypertension among adults in Enugu State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sample of the present cross-sectional study included 540 (288 females and 258 males) adults aged 28-74 years old. Five anthropometric variables (weight, height, chest, waist, and hip circumferences) and blood pressure were measured. Data were collected by means of questionnaires from patients attending Korean Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. Subject is classified as being hypertensive if systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg. Results: The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was found to be 26.30% while 24.4% and 28% were recorded for males and females respectively. The prevalence was not significantly associated with gender (χ2 = 0.899, P = 0.343). Hypertension was found to be related to age, weight, chest, waist, and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio (P < 0.05) but not height (P > 0.05). Waist circumference with the largest area under the ROC curve was the best predictor of hypertension for all sample population, males and females respectively 0.67, 0.68 and 0.66. Logistic regression model revealed that CC, WC, HC and WHR are predictors of hypertension. Conclusion: Waist circumference appears to be a better predictor of hypertension than other anthropometrics in this sample population.
{"title":"Predicting high blood pressure among adults in Southeastern Nigeria using anthropometric variables","authors":"C. J. Okamkpa, Monday Nwankwo, B. Danborno","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200912","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidemiological studies on high blood pressure revealed that it has become a global public health concern. Efforts are being made to uncover other indicators of hypertension than the traditional and crude one popularly used, i.e. BMI. Obesity and overweight are common causes of most cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The study examined which anthropometric variable better predicts hypertension among adults in Enugu State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Sample of the present cross-sectional study included 540 (288 females and 258 males) adults aged 28-74 years old. Five anthropometric variables (weight, height, chest, waist, and hip circumferences) and blood pressure were measured. Data were collected by means of questionnaires from patients attending Korean Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. Subject is classified as being hypertensive if systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg. Results: The overall prevalence rate of hypertension was found to be 26.30% while 24.4% and 28% were recorded for males and females respectively. The prevalence was not significantly associated with gender (χ2 = 0.899, P = 0.343). Hypertension was found to be related to age, weight, chest, waist, and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio (P < 0.05) but not height (P > 0.05). Waist circumference with the largest area under the ROC curve was the best predictor of hypertension for all sample population, males and females respectively 0.67, 0.68 and 0.66. Logistic regression model revealed that CC, WC, HC and WHR are predictors of hypertension. Conclusion: Waist circumference appears to be a better predictor of hypertension than other anthropometrics in this sample population.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"87 1","pages":"111 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85935727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.200917
A. Gwani, A. Khan, M. Asari, Z. M. Mohd Ismail
Background: Deformities of foot arches have been implicated in various lower extremity injuries. Normal values of foot arch parameters have been studied in various populations. However, studies in Nigerian population are very limited and therefore require attention. Objective: The objectives of this study were to establish the normal values of foot arch parameters in adult Hausa population of Nigeria, to find the effect of gender on these parameters and to make comparison with previous studies in other populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 consented subjects (44 males, 15 females) that have no history of lower extremity deformity were recruited. Lateral radiograph of the right foot of each participant was taken in a bilateral standing position. For the medial longitudinal arch, navicular height (NH), first cuneiform height (FCH), calcaneal inclination angle (CIA), and calcaneal- first metatarsal angle (C1MA) were measured. Cuboid height (CH) and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C5MA) were measured for the lateral longitudinal arch. Measurements for angles and heights were performed using a universal plastic goniometer and a plastic ruler, respectively. Results: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) value of the NH was found to be 2.89 (0.54) cm, FCH 2.08 (0.44) cm, CIA 16.57° (3.30°), and C1MA 140.05° (5.63°). The mean (SD) of CH and C5MA was found to be 1.19 (0.31) cm and 160.96° (4.69°), respectively. There was no significant mean difference in those parameters between males and females. Conclusion: The mean values of foot arch parameters in adult Hausa population of Nigeria is comparable to previous studies on other populations, but generally lower than those of Caucasians. Similarly, our findings showed that gender has no significant effect on foot arch parameters.
{"title":"Normal values of foot arch parameters in adult Hausa population of Nigeria","authors":"A. Gwani, A. Khan, M. Asari, Z. M. Mohd Ismail","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Deformities of foot arches have been implicated in various lower extremity injuries. Normal values of foot arch parameters have been studied in various populations. However, studies in Nigerian population are very limited and therefore require attention. Objective: The objectives of this study were to establish the normal values of foot arch parameters in adult Hausa population of Nigeria, to find the effect of gender on these parameters and to make comparison with previous studies in other populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 consented subjects (44 males, 15 females) that have no history of lower extremity deformity were recruited. Lateral radiograph of the right foot of each participant was taken in a bilateral standing position. For the medial longitudinal arch, navicular height (NH), first cuneiform height (FCH), calcaneal inclination angle (CIA), and calcaneal- first metatarsal angle (C1MA) were measured. Cuboid height (CH) and calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (C5MA) were measured for the lateral longitudinal arch. Measurements for angles and heights were performed using a universal plastic goniometer and a plastic ruler, respectively. Results: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) value of the NH was found to be 2.89 (0.54) cm, FCH 2.08 (0.44) cm, CIA 16.57° (3.30°), and C1MA 140.05° (5.63°). The mean (SD) of CH and C5MA was found to be 1.19 (0.31) cm and 160.96° (4.69°), respectively. There was no significant mean difference in those parameters between males and females. Conclusion: The mean values of foot arch parameters in adult Hausa population of Nigeria is comparable to previous studies on other populations, but generally lower than those of Caucasians. Similarly, our findings showed that gender has no significant effect on foot arch parameters.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"16 1","pages":"90 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88216055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.200919
Usman M. Ibe, A. Buraimoh, A. Ibegbu
Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the mother and the embryo. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical changes associated with the administration of Tamarindus indica pulp extract (TIPE) on the cerebral cortex in prenatal ethanol exposed Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty four (24) pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 received 1ml of distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of body weight (bw) of TIPE only, Group 3 received 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E only, Group 4 received 0.1ml of olive oil only, Group 5 received 2ml (30%v/v) of ethanol only, Group 6 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 200mg/kg bw of TIPE while Group 7 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E. All administrations were via gastric intubation and lasted from prenatal day (PD) 7 to 14. The dams were allowed to litter and the brain tissues of the pups were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Results: The result of oxidative stress studies showed significant decrease in the mean levels of catalase and glutathione concentration in Groups 5, 6 and 7 respectively when compared with the Control (P < 0.05), while the mean concentration of malondialdehyde showed significant increase in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the mean level of superoxide dismutase in all the Groups. The result of sialic acid assay showed significant decrease in the mean level of free, bound and total sialic acid contents in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.001). The histological studies of the cerebral cortex showed normal architecture in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, while Group 5 showed degenerative changes with light staining of Nissl substances when compared to the Control and Groups 6 and 7 showed mild degenerative changes when compared to the Control. Conclusion: Treatment with TIPE has been shown to have potential protective effect on the Cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during prenatal ethanol exposure.
导读:怀孕期间的酒精消费已被证明会危害母亲和胚胎的健康。目的:研究产前乙醇暴露的Wistar大鼠大脑皮质组织和生化变化与柽柳果肉提取物(TIPE)的关系。方法:24只妊娠大鼠分为7组。组1收到1毫升蒸馏水,组2收到200毫克/公斤体重(bw) TIPE,组3只收到300毫克/公斤体重的维生素E,组4只收到0.1毫升橄榄油组5收到2毫升30% (v / v)的乙醇,集团6收到2毫升30% (v / v)的乙醇和200毫克/公斤体重TIPE而集团7收到2毫升30% (v / v)的乙醇和300毫克/公斤体重的维生素E .所有政府都通过胃插管和持续从产前(PD) 7 - 14天。让幼崽下窝，收集幼崽的脑组织进行生化和组织学研究。结果:氧化应激研究结果显示，第5、6、7组过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽平均浓度较对照组显著降低(P < 0.05)，第5组丙二醛平均浓度较对照组显著升高(P < 0.05)，各组超氧化物歧化酶平均水平无显著差异(P < 0.05)。唾液酸测定结果显示，与对照组相比，第5组游离、结合和总唾液酸的平均含量显著降低(P < 0.001)。第1、2、3、4组大脑皮层组织结构正常，第5组与对照组相比出现尼氏物质光染色的退行性改变，第6、7组与对照组相比出现轻度退行性改变。结论:产前乙醇暴露对Wistar大鼠大脑皮质具有潜在的保护作用。
{"title":"Histological and biochemical studies of Tamarindus indica pulp extract on the cerebral cortex in prenatal ethanol exposure in Wistar rats","authors":"Usman M. Ibe, A. Buraimoh, A. Ibegbu","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200919","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ethanol consumption during pregnancy has been shown to jeopardize the health of the mother and the embryo. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical changes associated with the administration of Tamarindus indica pulp extract (TIPE) on the cerebral cortex in prenatal ethanol exposed Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty four (24) pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 received 1ml of distilled water, Group 2 received 200mg/kg of body weight (bw) of TIPE only, Group 3 received 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E only, Group 4 received 0.1ml of olive oil only, Group 5 received 2ml (30%v/v) of ethanol only, Group 6 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 200mg/kg bw of TIPE while Group 7 received 2ml (30% v/v) of ethanol and 300mg/kg bw of Vitamin E. All administrations were via gastric intubation and lasted from prenatal day (PD) 7 to 14. The dams were allowed to litter and the brain tissues of the pups were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Results: The result of oxidative stress studies showed significant decrease in the mean levels of catalase and glutathione concentration in Groups 5, 6 and 7 respectively when compared with the Control (P < 0.05), while the mean concentration of malondialdehyde showed significant increase in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the mean level of superoxide dismutase in all the Groups. The result of sialic acid assay showed significant decrease in the mean level of free, bound and total sialic acid contents in Group 5 when compared to the Control (P < 0.001). The histological studies of the cerebral cortex showed normal architecture in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, while Group 5 showed degenerative changes with light staining of Nissl substances when compared to the Control and Groups 6 and 7 showed mild degenerative changes when compared to the Control. Conclusion: Treatment with TIPE has been shown to have potential protective effect on the Cerebral cortex of Wistar rats during prenatal ethanol exposure.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"12 1","pages":"96 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87391812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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