Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01742-6
Wenli Li, Feifei Zhou, Heng Zhang, Keyan Fang
Long-term temperature variations inferred from high-resolution proxies provide an important context to evaluate the intensity of current warming. However, temperature reconstructions in humid southeastern China are scarce and particularly lack long-term data, limiting us to obtain a complete picture of regional temperature evolution. In this study, we present a well-verified reconstruction of winter-spring (January–April) minimum temperatures over southeastern China based on stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) records of tree rings from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei from 1860 to 2014. This reconstruction accounted for 56.4% of the total observed variance. Cold periods occurred during the 1860s–1910s and 1960s–1970s. Although temperatures have had an upward trend since the 1920s, most of the cold extremes were in recent decades. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance acted as a key modulator of regional winter-spring minimum temperature variability. However, teleconnections between them were a nonlinear process, i.e., a reduced or enhanced ENSO variance may result in a weakened or intensified temperature-ENSO relationship.
{"title":"Winter–spring minimum temperature variations inferred from tree-ring δ13C in southeastern China","authors":"Wenli Li, Feifei Zhou, Heng Zhang, Keyan Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01742-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01742-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term temperature variations inferred from high-resolution proxies provide an important context to evaluate the intensity of current warming. However, temperature reconstructions in humid southeastern China are scarce and particularly lack long-term data, limiting us to obtain a complete picture of regional temperature evolution. In this study, we present a well-verified reconstruction of winter-spring (January–April) minimum temperatures over southeastern China based on stable carbon isotopic (δ<sup>13</sup>C) records of tree rings from <i>Taxus wallichiana</i> var<i>. mairei</i> from 1860 to 2014. This reconstruction accounted for 56.4% of the total observed variance. Cold periods occurred during the 1860s–1910s and 1960s–1970s. Although temperatures have had an upward trend since the 1920s, most of the cold extremes were in recent decades. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance acted as a key modulator of regional winter-spring minimum temperature variability. However, teleconnections between them were a nonlinear process, i.e., a reduced or enhanced ENSO variance may result in a weakened or intensified temperature-ENSO relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are distributed from subalpine to tropical regions in the northern hemisphere and have important roles as carbon sinks and in climate change mitigation. Determining variations in plant functional traits at multiple biological levels and linking them to environmental variables across geographical ranges is important for forecasting range-shifts of broadly-distributed species under climate change. We sampled leaves of five deciduous Quercus spp. covering approximately 20° of latitude (~ 21° N − 41° N) and 20 longitude (~ 99° E − 119° E) across China and measured 12 plant functional traits at different biological levels. The traits varied distinctively, either within each biological level or among different levels driven by climatic and edaphic variables. Traits at the organ level were significantly correlated with those at the cellular and tissue levels, while traits at the whole-plant level only correlated with those at the tissue level. The Quercus species responded to changing environments by regulating stomatal size, leaf thickness and the palisade mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratios with contrasting degree of effect to adjust the whole-plant functioning, i.e., intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), carbon supply and nitrogen availability. The results suggest that these deciduous Quercus spp. will maintain vigour by increasing iWUE when subjected to large temperature changes and insufficient moisture, and by accumulating leaf non-structural carbohydrates under drought conditions. The findings provide new insights into the inherent variation and trait coordination of widely distributed tree species in the context of climate change.
落叶橡树(栎属)分布于北半球从亚高山到热带地区,在碳汇和减缓气候变化方面具有重要作用。确定植物功能性状在多个生物水平上的变化,并将其与不同地理范围内的环境变量联系起来,对于预测气候变化下广泛分布物种的分布范围变化非常重要。我们采集了五种落叶枹栎属植物的叶片样本,覆盖了中国大约20°的纬度(~ 21° N - 41° N)和20°的经度(~ 99° E - 119° E),并测量了不同生物水平的12个植物功能性状。受气候和土壤变量的影响,这些性状在不同生物水平或不同生物水平之间存在明显差异。器官水平的性状与细胞和组织水平的性状显著相关,而整株水平的性状仅与组织水平的性状相关。柞树物种通过调节气孔大小、叶片厚度和栅栏叶中叶厚度与叶片厚度之比来应对环境变化,其调节整个植物功能(即内在水分利用效率(iWUE)、碳供应和氮供应)的效果程度各不相同。研究结果表明,这些落叶枹栎属植物在温度变化大和水分不足的情况下会通过提高iWUE来保持活力,而在干旱条件下则会通过积累叶片非结构性碳水化合物来保持活力。这些发现为气候变化背景下广泛分布的树种的内在变异和性状协调提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Environment-driven intraspecific variation shows coordination of functional traits of deciduous oaks among and within different biological levels","authors":"Yutong Lin, Yuan Lai, Songbo Tang, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Jianfeng Liu, Lingling Zhang, Yuanwen Kuang","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01721-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01721-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deciduous oaks (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) are distributed from subalpine to tropical regions in the northern hemisphere and have important roles as carbon sinks and in climate change mitigation. Determining variations in plant functional traits at multiple biological levels and linking them to environmental variables across geographical ranges is important for forecasting range-shifts of broadly-distributed species under climate change. We sampled leaves of five deciduous <i>Quercus</i> spp. covering approximately 20° of latitude (~ 21° N − 41° N) and 20 longitude (~ 99° E − 119° E) across China and measured 12 plant functional traits at different biological levels. The traits varied distinctively, either within each biological level or among different levels driven by climatic and edaphic variables. Traits at the organ level were significantly correlated with those at the cellular and tissue levels, while traits at the whole-plant level only correlated with those at the tissue level. The <i>Quercus</i> species responded to changing environments by regulating stomatal size, leaf thickness and the palisade mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratios with contrasting degree of effect to adjust the whole-plant functioning, i.e., intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), carbon supply and nitrogen availability. The results suggest that these deciduous <i>Quercus</i> spp. will maintain vigour by increasing iWUE when subjected to large temperature changes and insufficient moisture, and by accumulating leaf non-structural carbohydrates under drought conditions. The findings provide new insights into the inherent variation and trait coordination of widely distributed tree species in the context of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-27DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01734-6
Kaleem Mehmood, Shoaib Ahmad Anees, Akhtar Rehman, Aqil Tariq, Qijing Liu, Sultan Muhammad, Fazli Rabbi, Shao’an Pan, Wesam Atef Hatamleh
This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019. Four satellite images, including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019. The classified maps of 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood classifier. Post-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 map. Results revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km2, respectively, and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km2. The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover classes. Forest fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT v2.0) between 1989 and 2019. The large forest core (> 2.00 km2) decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km2, and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core (1.00–2.00 km2) forests. On the contrary, the small core (< 1.00 km2) forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km2 in 2019. The perforation area increased by 296.9 km2, and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km2. The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km2. The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58% and 1.35%, respectively. The broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological areas. They serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations, highlighting the urgent need for efficient management, conservation, and restoration efforts. Based on these findings, sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods, protect ecosystem services, and conserve biodiversity.
{"title":"Assessing forest cover changes and fragmentation in the Himalayan temperate region: implications for forest conservation and management","authors":"Kaleem Mehmood, Shoaib Ahmad Anees, Akhtar Rehman, Aqil Tariq, Qijing Liu, Sultan Muhammad, Fazli Rabbi, Shao’an Pan, Wesam Atef Hatamleh","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01734-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01734-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019. Four satellite images, including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019. The classified maps of 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood classifier. Post-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 map. Results revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km<sup>2</sup>. The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover classes. Forest fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT v2.0) between 1989 and 2019. The large forest core (> 2.00 km<sup>2</sup>) decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km<sup>2</sup>, and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core (1.00–2.00 km<sup>2</sup>) forests. On the contrary, the small core (< 1.00 km<sup>2</sup>) forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km<sup>2</sup> in 2019. The perforation area increased by 296.9 km<sup>2</sup>, and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km<sup>2</sup>. The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km<sup>2</sup>. The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58% and 1.35%, respectively. The broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological areas. They serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations, highlighting the urgent need for efficient management, conservation, and restoration efforts. Based on these findings, sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods, protect ecosystem services, and conserve biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1999 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-14DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01726-6
Gongfa Shi, Guiling Liu, Huijun Liu, Lei Wang, Aerdake Kuwantai, Yu Du, Ling Wang, Xiaolei Xi, Rusong Chai
Urbanization has resulted in a significant degradation of soil quality, subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution, salinization, and drought. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) participate in protein glycosylation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and detoxification of exogenous toxic substances. Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem exhibits a high degree of resistance to various abiotic stressors. To enhance the plant’s response to adversity, a novel glycosyltransferase belonging to the UGT78 family, encoding flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT), was cloned from the monocot species I. sanguinea. Compared with the control group, overexpression of IsUGT78 enhanced sensitivity to cadmium stress, while showing no significant impact under NaCl and d-sorbitol treatments. Under cadmium treatment, arabidopsis exogenously transformed with the IsUGT78 gene possessed lower germination, fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content and increased malondialdehyde content than the wild type arabidopsis. In addition, metabolomics in leaves led to the identification of 299 flavonoid metabolites, eight and 127 which were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the transgenic plants. Of note, all eight upregulated flavonoid compounds were glycosylated. Given that arabidopsis, which exogenously expresses the IsUGT78 gene, has reduced resistance to cadmium, IsUGT78 may lead to a reduced ability to cope with cadmium stress.
{"title":"A new glucosyltransferase UGT78 from Iris sanguinea is a putative negative regulator in cadmium stress response","authors":"Gongfa Shi, Guiling Liu, Huijun Liu, Lei Wang, Aerdake Kuwantai, Yu Du, Ling Wang, Xiaolei Xi, Rusong Chai","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01726-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01726-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urbanization has resulted in a significant degradation of soil quality, subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution, salinization, and drought. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) participate in protein glycosylation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and detoxification of exogenous toxic substances. <i>Iris sanguinea</i> Donn ex Hornem exhibits a high degree of resistance to various abiotic stressors. To enhance the plant’s response to adversity, a novel glycosyltransferase belonging to the UGT78 family, encoding flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (<i>UF3GT</i>), was cloned from the monocot species <i>I. sanguinea</i>. Compared with the control group, overexpression of <i>IsUGT78</i> enhanced sensitivity to cadmium stress, while showing no significant impact under NaCl and d-sorbitol treatments. Under cadmium treatment, arabidopsis exogenously transformed with the <i>IsUGT78</i> gene possessed lower germination, fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content and increased malondialdehyde content than the wild type arabidopsis. In addition, metabolomics in leaves led to the identification of 299 flavonoid metabolites, eight and 127 which were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the transgenic plants. Of note, all eight upregulated flavonoid compounds were glycosylated. Given that arabidopsis, which exogenously expresses the <i>IsUGT78</i> gene, has reduced resistance to cadmium, <i>IsUGT78</i> may lead to a reduced ability to cope with cadmium stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporal changes in the relationship between tree growth and climate have been observed in numerous forests across the world. The patterns and the possible regulators (e.g., forest community structure) of such changes are, however, not well understood. A vegetation survey and analyses of growth-climate relationships for Abies georgei var. Smithii (Smith fir) forests were carried along an altitudinal gradient from 3600 to 4200 m on Meili Snow Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the associations between growth and temperature have declined since the 1970s over the whole transect, while response to standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration indices (SPEI) strengthened in the mid- and lower-transect. Comparison between growth and vegetation data showed that tree growth was more sensitive to drought in stands with higher species richness and greater shrub cover. Drought stress on growth may be increased by heavy competition from shrub and herb layers. These results show the non-stationary nature of tree growth-climate associations and the linkage to forest community structures. Vegetation components should be considered in future modeling and forecasting of forest dynamics in relation to climate changes.
{"title":"Changes of growth-climate relationships of Smith fir forests along an altitudinal gradient","authors":"Jiacheng Zheng, Jing Yang, Hengfeng Jia, Lixin Lyu, Jiayang Langzhen, Qi-Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01731-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01731-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temporal changes in the relationship between tree growth and climate have been observed in numerous forests across the world. The patterns and the possible regulators (e.g., forest community structure) of such changes are, however, not well understood. A vegetation survey and analyses of growth-climate relationships for <i>Abies georgei</i> var. <i>Smithii</i> (Smith fir) forests were carried along an altitudinal gradient from 3600 to 4200 m on Meili Snow Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the associations between growth and temperature have declined since the 1970s over the whole transect, while response to standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration indices (SPEI) strengthened in the mid- and lower-transect. Comparison between growth and vegetation data showed that tree growth was more sensitive to drought in stands with higher species richness and greater shrub cover. Drought stress on growth may be increased by heavy competition from shrub and herb layers. These results show the non-stationary nature of tree growth-climate associations and the linkage to forest community structures. Vegetation components should be considered in future modeling and forecasting of forest dynamics in relation to climate changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01728-4
Valentinas Černiauskas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Valda Araminienė, Vidas Stakėnas
Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type, ecosystem characteristics, and local climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., and a mixture of both, on the chemical composition of precipitation. Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level II monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests. The study analysed (1) the concentrations of NO2, NH3 and SO2 in the ambient air; (2) the concentrations of SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl– in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field, and (3) S and total N, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl− depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006–2022. Results show a significant decrease in SO2 emissions in the ambient air; NO2 and NH3 emissions also decreased. The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall, although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO42−, NO3−, Na+, and particularly K+. During the study, low variability in NO3– deposition and a decrease in NH4+ deposition occurred. Deposition loads increased by 20–30% when precipitation passed through the canopy. The cumulative deposition of S, Cl, Na, K, Ca, and N was greater under P. abies than under P. sylvestris. However, K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under P. sylvestris compared to the P. abies or mixed stand. Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots. Overall, there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.
树冠对大气污染物沉积的影响取决于类型、生态系统特征和当地气候条件。本研究调查了欧洲赤松(Pinus sylvestris L.)和欧洲桤木(Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.)以及两者的混合物对降水化学成分的影响。在立陶宛的 ICP 森林二级监测网络中选择了三个永久性地块,以说明典型的半寒带针叶林。研究分析了:(1) 环境空气中的 NO2、NH3 和 SO2 浓度;(2) 树冠下的直流降水和在邻近田野收集的降水中的 SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Na+、K+、Ca2+ 和 Cl- 浓度;(3) 2006-2022 年间直流降水和降水中的 S 和总 N、Na+、K+、Ca2+ 和 Cl- 沉积物。结果表明,环境空气中的二氧化硫排放量明显减少;二氧化氮和 NH3 的排放量也有所减少。雨棚降低了直流降水的酸度,但导致 SO42-、NO3-、Na+,尤其是 K+的浓度明显升高。研究期间,NO3-沉积量变化不大,NH4+沉积量有所减少。当降水穿过冠层时,沉积负荷增加了 20-30%。赤松属植物的 S、Cl、Na、K、Ca 和 N 的累积沉积量大于西洋杉属植物。然而,与欧鼠李或混合林分相比,欧鼠李下的通流钾沉积量要低得多。所有三个针叶林地块的通流 S 沉积量都有所下降。总体而言,树种对通流化学没有特定的影响。
{"title":"Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants","authors":"Valentinas Černiauskas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Valda Araminienė, Vidas Stakėnas","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01728-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01728-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type, ecosystem characteristics, and local climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. and <i>Picea abies</i> (L.) H. Karst., and a mixture of both, on the chemical composition of precipitation. Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level II monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests. The study analysed (1) the concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> in the ambient air; (2) the concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>–</sup> in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field, and (3) S and total N, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006–2022. Results show a significant decrease in SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the ambient air; NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions also decreased. The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall, although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and particularly K<sup>+</sup>. During the study, low variability in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> deposition and a decrease in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> deposition occurred. Deposition loads increased by 20–30% when precipitation passed through the canopy. The cumulative deposition of S, Cl, Na, K, Ca, and N was greater under <i>P. abies</i> than under <i>P. sylvestris.</i> However, K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under <i>P. sylvestris</i> compared to the <i>P. abies</i> or mixed stand. Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots. Overall, there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01727-5
Zhuolan Shen, Shijie Wang, Feng Chen, Heli Zhang, Xiaoen Zhao, Youping Chen, Mao Hu
Vegetation productivity on the southern edge of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, which plays a vital role in the ecological environment and in the arable and pastoral production in this region, can be characterized by the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index). However, the observed NDVI data span only the last ~ 40 years. The growth of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. is strongly correlated with the NDVI, making it a valuable proxy for extending the length of observed NDVI datasets. In this study, we reconstructed an NDVI series for 1776–2021 for the Daqing Mountains, based on a tree-ring width chronology. The reconstructed data accounted for 55% of the variance in the observed data, and its statistical characteristics and validation indicate that the reconstruction is dependable. Spatial correlation analysis demonstrated the consistency of climate signals in central Inner Mongolia in both the arable and pastoral zones. The results of superposed epoch analysis revealed a good temporal consistency between drought and flood events and the reconstructed NDVI sequence in this region.
{"title":"Decreasing productivity of pine forests on the southern edge of the Mongolian Plateau as indicated by tree rings","authors":"Zhuolan Shen, Shijie Wang, Feng Chen, Heli Zhang, Xiaoen Zhao, Youping Chen, Mao Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01727-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01727-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation productivity on the southern edge of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, which plays a vital role in the ecological environment and in the arable and pastoral production in this region, can be characterized by the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index). However, the observed NDVI data span only the last ~ 40 years. The growth of <i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i> Carr. is strongly correlated with the NDVI, making it a valuable proxy for extending the length of observed NDVI datasets. In this study, we reconstructed an NDVI series for 1776–2021 for the Daqing Mountains, based on a tree-ring width chronology. The reconstructed data accounted for 55% of the variance in the observed data, and its statistical characteristics and validation indicate that the reconstruction is dependable. Spatial correlation analysis demonstrated the consistency of climate signals in central Inner Mongolia in both the arable and pastoral zones. The results of superposed epoch analysis revealed a good temporal consistency between drought and flood events and the reconstructed NDVI sequence in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01724-8
Ryan McClory, Richard H. Ellis, Martin Lukac, Jo Clark, Carolina Mayoral, Kris M. Hart, Andrew R. G. Plackett, A. Rob MacKenzie
Acorn production in oak (Quercus spp.) shows considerable inter-annual variation, known as masting, which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each year. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the ‘fertilisation effect’ that leads to enhanced photosynthesis. To examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO2, the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Inter-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021, with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015, 2017 and 2020 but almost none in 2018. The numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, immature acorns, empty acorn cups, and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years; comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018, suggesting Q. robur at this site is a fruit maturation masting species (i.e., the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly). Raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration by 150 μL L−1, from early 2017, increased the numbers of immature acorns, and all acorn evidence (empty cups + immature acorns + mature acorns) detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021, but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, empty cups, or mature acorns. The number of flowers in the elevated CO2 plots’ litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017, one year after CO2 enrichment began, whereas numbers declined in ambient plots. Enrichment with CO2 also increased the number of oak knopper galls (Andricus quercuscalicis Burgsdorf). We conclude that elevated CO2 increased the occurrence of acorns developing from flowers, but the putative benefit to mature acorn numbers may have been hidden by excessive pre- and/or post-dispersal predation. There was no evidence that elevated CO2 altered masting behaviour.
{"title":"Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)","authors":"Ryan McClory, Richard H. Ellis, Martin Lukac, Jo Clark, Carolina Mayoral, Kris M. Hart, Andrew R. G. Plackett, A. Rob MacKenzie","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01724-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01724-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acorn production in oak (<i>Quercus</i> spp.) shows considerable inter-annual variation, known as masting, which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each year. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the ‘fertilisation effect’ that leads to enhanced photosynthesis. To examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO<sub>2</sub>, the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Inter-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021, with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015, 2017 and 2020 but almost none in 2018. The numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, immature acorns, empty acorn cups, and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years; comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018, suggesting <i>Q. robur</i> at this site is a fruit maturation masting species (i.e., the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly). Raising the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration by 150 μL L<sup>−1</sup>, from early 2017, increased the numbers of immature acorns, and all acorn evidence (empty cups + immature acorns + mature acorns) detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021, but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, empty cups, or mature acorns. The number of flowers in the elevated CO<sub>2</sub> plots’ litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017, one year after CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment began, whereas numbers declined in ambient plots. Enrichment with CO<sub>2</sub> also increased the number of oak knopper galls (<i>Andricus quercuscalicis</i> Burgsdorf). We conclude that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased the occurrence of acorns developing from flowers, but the putative benefit to mature acorn numbers may have been hidden by excessive pre- and/or post-dispersal predation. There was no evidence that elevated CO<sub>2</sub> altered masting behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01703-z
Jiajia Zeng, Fan Liu, Yuan Zhu, Jiayi Li, Ying Ruan, Xiankui Quan, Chuankuan Wang, Xingchang Wang
Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits. However, leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species, and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified. In this study, the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest. The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined. During the entire season, chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species, with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring, and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased. Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance. Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion, remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence. Over the seasons, the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance. However, N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower. Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation. These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll, N, and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests, which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production.
森林生产力与叶片性状的季节变化和垂直分化密切相关。然而,树冠层内共存物种和植物功能类型之间的叶片结构和化学性质差异却很少被量化。本研究对温带落叶林中四种主要树种和两种草本植物的叶片叶绿素、氮(N)和磷(P)的季节性进行了垂直量化。研究考察了耐阴性在形成季节变化和垂直分化方面的作用。在整个季节中,所有树种的叶绿素含量都呈现出明显的非对称单峰模式,秋季叶绿素含量高于春季,随着耐荫性的增加,单位叶面积叶绿素含量达到峰值的时间逐渐缩短。叶绿素 a:b 比率随着耐荫性的增加而逐渐降低。叶片 N 和 P 含量在展叶期急剧下降,在成熟期保持稳定,在叶片衰老期再次下降。在各季中,无论耐阴程度如何,冠层下部的单位叶片质量叶绿素显著高于冠层上部,但单位叶面积叶绿素却不高。然而,中等耐阴和完全耐阴树种的单位叶面积氮和磷在树冠上层明显高于树冠下层。氮磷比的季节性变化表明氮或磷的限制发生了变化。这些研究结果表明,耐荫性是温带落叶林叶片叶绿素、氮和磷含量及其季节性差异的一个关键特征,对叶片光合作用和生态系统生产建模具有重要意义。
{"title":"Degree of shade tolerance shapes seasonality of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus levels of trees and herbs in a temperate deciduous forest","authors":"Jiajia Zeng, Fan Liu, Yuan Zhu, Jiayi Li, Ying Ruan, Xiankui Quan, Chuankuan Wang, Xingchang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01703-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01703-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits. However, leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species, and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified. In this study, the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest. The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined. During the entire season, chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species, with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring, and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased. Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance. Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion, remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence. Over the seasons, the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance. However, N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower. Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation. These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll, N, and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests, which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01722-w
Hafsae Lamsaf, Asmae Lamsaf, Mounir A. Kerroum, Miguel Almeida
Research on fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) has generated significant insights and advancements across various fields of study. Environmental, agriculture, and social sciences have played prominent roles in understanding the impacts of fires in the environment, in protecting communities, and addressing management challenges. This study aimed to create a database using a text mining technique for global researchers interested in WUI-projects and highlighting the interest of countries in this field. Author’s-Keywords analysis emphasized the dominance of fire science-related terms, especially related to WUI, and identified keyword clusters related to the WUI fire-risk-assessment-system—“exposure”, “danger”, and “vulnerability” within wildfire research. Trends over the past decade showcase shifting research interests with a growing focus on WUI fires, while regional variations highlighted that the “exposure” keyword cluster received greater attention in the southern Europe and South America. However, vulnerability keywords have relatively a lower representation across all regions. The analysis underscores the interdisciplinary nature of WUI research and emphasizes the need for targeted approaches to address the unique challenges of the wildland-urban interface. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for researchers and serves as a foundation for further collaboration in this field through the understanding of the trends over recent years and in different regions.
{"title":"Assessing trends in wildland-urban interface fire research through text mining: a comprehensive analysis of published literature","authors":"Hafsae Lamsaf, Asmae Lamsaf, Mounir A. Kerroum, Miguel Almeida","doi":"10.1007/s11676-024-01722-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-024-01722-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) has generated significant insights and advancements across various fields of study. Environmental, agriculture, and social sciences have played prominent roles in understanding the impacts of fires in the environment, in protecting communities, and addressing management challenges. This study aimed to create a database using a text mining technique for global researchers interested in WUI-projects and highlighting the interest of countries in this field. Author’s-Keywords analysis emphasized the dominance of fire science-related terms, especially related to WUI, and identified keyword clusters related to the WUI fire-risk-assessment-system—“<i>exposure</i>”, “<i>danger</i>”, and “<i>vulnerability</i>” within wildfire research. Trends over the past decade showcase shifting research interests with a growing focus on WUI fires, while regional variations highlighted that the “<i>exposure</i>” keyword cluster received greater attention in the southern Europe and South America. However, <i>vulnerability</i> keywords have relatively a lower representation across all regions. The analysis underscores the interdisciplinary nature of WUI research and emphasizes the need for targeted approaches to address the unique challenges of the wildland-urban interface. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for researchers and serves as a foundation for further collaboration in this field through the understanding of the trends over recent years and in different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15830,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}