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Winter–spring minimum temperature variations inferred from tree-ring δ13C in southeastern China 从树环δ13C推断中国东南部冬春最低气温变化
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01742-6
Wenli Li, Feifei Zhou, Heng Zhang, Keyan Fang

Long-term temperature variations inferred from high-resolution proxies provide an important context to evaluate the intensity of current warming. However, temperature reconstructions in humid southeastern China are scarce and particularly lack long-term data, limiting us to obtain a complete picture of regional temperature evolution. In this study, we present a well-verified reconstruction of winter-spring (January–April) minimum temperatures over southeastern China based on stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) records of tree rings from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei from 1860 to 2014. This reconstruction accounted for 56.4% of the total observed variance. Cold periods occurred during the 1860s–1910s and 1960s–1970s. Although temperatures have had an upward trend since the 1920s, most of the cold extremes were in recent decades. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variance acted as a key modulator of regional winter-spring minimum temperature variability. However, teleconnections between them were a nonlinear process, i.e., a reduced or enhanced ENSO variance may result in a weakened or intensified temperature-ENSO relationship.

通过高分辨率代用指标推断的长期气温变化为评估当前气候变暖的强度提供了重要依据。然而,中国东南部潮湿地区的温度重建数据很少,尤其缺乏长期数据,这限制了我们获得区域温度演变的完整图景。在本研究中,我们基于1860年至2014年中国东南部Taxus wallichiana var.mairei树木年轮的稳定碳同位素(δ13C)记录,重建了中国东南部冬春季(1月至4月)最低气温。这一重建结果占总观测变异的 56.4%。寒冷时期出现在 1860-1910 年代和 1960-1970 年代。虽然自 20 世纪 20 年代以来气温一直呈上升趋势,但大部分极端寒冷时期都是在最近几十年。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)变异是区域冬春最低气温变化的关键调节因素。然而,它们之间的远距离联系是一个非线性过程,即厄尔尼诺-南方涛动变异的减弱或增强可能导致气温-厄尔尼诺-南方涛动关系的减弱或增强。
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引用次数: 0
Environment-driven intraspecific variation shows coordination of functional traits of deciduous oaks among and within different biological levels 环境驱动的种内变异显示落叶橡树的功能特性在不同生物层次之间和内部的协调性
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01721-x
Yutong Lin, Yuan Lai, Songbo Tang, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Jianfeng Liu, Lingling Zhang, Yuanwen Kuang

Deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are distributed from subalpine to tropical regions in the northern hemisphere and have important roles as carbon sinks and in climate change mitigation. Determining variations in plant functional traits at multiple biological levels and linking them to environmental variables across geographical ranges is important for forecasting range-shifts of broadly-distributed species under climate change. We sampled leaves of five deciduous Quercus spp. covering approximately 20° of latitude (~ 21° N − 41° N) and 20 longitude (~ 99° E − 119° E) across China and measured 12 plant functional traits at different biological levels. The traits varied distinctively, either within each biological level or among different levels driven by climatic and edaphic variables. Traits at the organ level were significantly correlated with those at the cellular and tissue levels, while traits at the whole-plant level only correlated with those at the tissue level. The Quercus species responded to changing environments by regulating stomatal size, leaf thickness and the palisade mesophyll thickness to leaf thickness ratios with contrasting degree of effect to adjust the whole-plant functioning, i.e., intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), carbon supply and nitrogen availability. The results suggest that these deciduous Quercus spp. will maintain vigour by increasing iWUE when subjected to large temperature changes and insufficient moisture, and by accumulating leaf non-structural carbohydrates under drought conditions. The findings provide new insights into the inherent variation and trait coordination of widely distributed tree species in the context of climate change.

落叶橡树(栎属)分布于北半球从亚高山到热带地区,在碳汇和减缓气候变化方面具有重要作用。确定植物功能性状在多个生物水平上的变化,并将其与不同地理范围内的环境变量联系起来,对于预测气候变化下广泛分布物种的分布范围变化非常重要。我们采集了五种落叶枹栎属植物的叶片样本,覆盖了中国大约20°的纬度(~ 21° N - 41° N)和20°的经度(~ 99° E - 119° E),并测量了不同生物水平的12个植物功能性状。受气候和土壤变量的影响,这些性状在不同生物水平或不同生物水平之间存在明显差异。器官水平的性状与细胞和组织水平的性状显著相关,而整株水平的性状仅与组织水平的性状相关。柞树物种通过调节气孔大小、叶片厚度和栅栏叶中叶厚度与叶片厚度之比来应对环境变化,其调节整个植物功能(即内在水分利用效率(iWUE)、碳供应和氮供应)的效果程度各不相同。研究结果表明,这些落叶枹栎属植物在温度变化大和水分不足的情况下会通过提高iWUE来保持活力,而在干旱条件下则会通过积累叶片非结构性碳水化合物来保持活力。这些发现为气候变化背景下广泛分布的树种的内在变异和性状协调提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing forest cover changes and fragmentation in the Himalayan temperate region: implications for forest conservation and management 评估喜马拉雅温带地区的森林覆盖变化和破碎化:对森林保护和管理的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01734-6
Kaleem Mehmood, Shoaib Ahmad Anees, Akhtar Rehman, Aqil Tariq, Qijing Liu, Sultan Muhammad, Fazli Rabbi, Shao’an Pan, Wesam Atef Hatamleh

This study comprehensively assessed long-term vegetation changes and forest fragmentation dynamics in the Himalayan temperate region of Pakistan from 1989 to 2019. Four satellite images, including Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), were chosen for subsequent assessments in October 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019. The classified maps of 1989, 2001, 2011 and 2019 were created using the maximum likelihood classifier. Post-classification comparison showed an overall accuracy of 82.5% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 for the 2019 map. Results revealed a drastic decrease in closed-canopy and open-canopy forests by 117.4 and 271.6 km2, respectively, and an increase in agriculture/farm cultivation by 1512.8 km2. The two-way ANOVA test showed statistically significant differences in the area of various cover classes. Forest fragmentation was evaluated using the Landscape Fragmentation Tool (LFT v2.0) between 1989 and 2019. The large forest core (> 2.00 km2) decreased from 149.4 to 296.7 km2, and a similar pattern was observed in medium forest core (1.00–2.00 km2) forests. On the contrary, the small core (< 1.00 km2) forest increased from 124.8 to 145.3 km2 in 2019. The perforation area increased by 296.9 km2, and the edge effect decreased from 458.9 to 431.7 km2. The frequency of patches also increased by 119.1 km2. The closed and open canopy classes showed a decreasing trend with an annual rate of 0.58% and 1.35%, respectively. The broad implications of these findings can be seen in the studied region as well as other global ecological areas. They serve as an imperative baseline for afforestation and reforestation operations, highlighting the urgent need for efficient management, conservation, and restoration efforts. Based on these findings, sustainable land-use policies may be put into place that support local livelihoods, protect ecosystem services, and conserve biodiversity.

本研究全面评估了巴基斯坦喜马拉雅温带地区从1989年到2019年的长期植被变化和森林破碎化动态。随后的评估选取了 1989 年 10 月、2001 年 10 月、2011 年 10 月和 2019 年 10 月的四幅卫星图像,包括 Landsat-5 TM 和 Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)。1989 年、2001 年、2011 年和 2019 年的分类地图是使用最大似然分类器绘制的。分类后比较显示,2019 年地图的总体准确率为 82.5%,Kappa 系数为 0.79。结果显示,闭冠林和疏冠林面积分别锐减了 117.4 平方公里和 271.6 平方公里,农业/农耕面积增加了 1512.8 平方公里。双向方差分析测试表明,不同植被等级的面积在统计上存在显著差异。使用景观破碎化工具(LFT v2.0)对 1989 年至 2019 年期间的森林破碎化情况进行了评估。大森林核心(> 2.00平方公里)从149.4平方公里减少到296.7平方公里,中森林核心(1.00-2.00平方公里)森林也出现了类似的情况。相反,2019 年,小核心(< 1.00 平方公里)森林从 124.8 平方公里增加到 145.3 平方公里。穿孔面积增加了 296.9 平方公里,边缘效应从 458.9 平方公里减少到 431.7 平方公里。斑块频率也增加了 119.1 平方公里。封闭冠层和开放冠层呈下降趋势,年下降率分别为 0.58% 和 1.35%。这些发现对研究区域以及全球其他生态区域具有广泛的影响。它们是造林和再造林行动的必要基准,强调了高效管理、保护和恢复工作的迫切需要。基于这些发现,可持续的土地使用政策可以落实到位,以支持当地生计、保护生态系统服务和保护生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
A new glucosyltransferase UGT78 from Iris sanguinea is a putative negative regulator in cadmium stress response 鸢尾中一种新的葡萄糖基转移酶 UGT78 是镉应激反应中的一种推定负调控因子
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01726-6
Gongfa Shi, Guiling Liu, Huijun Liu, Lei Wang, Aerdake Kuwantai, Yu Du, Ling Wang, Xiaolei Xi, Rusong Chai

Urbanization has resulted in a significant degradation of soil quality, subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution, salinization, and drought. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) participate in protein glycosylation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and detoxification of exogenous toxic substances. Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem exhibits a high degree of resistance to various abiotic stressors. To enhance the plant’s response to adversity, a novel glycosyltransferase belonging to the UGT78 family, encoding flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT), was cloned from the monocot species I. sanguinea. Compared with the control group, overexpression of IsUGT78 enhanced sensitivity to cadmium stress, while showing no significant impact under NaCl and d-sorbitol treatments. Under cadmium treatment, arabidopsis exogenously transformed with the IsUGT78 gene possessed lower germination, fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content and increased malondialdehyde content than the wild type arabidopsis. In addition, metabolomics in leaves led to the identification of 299 flavonoid metabolites, eight and 127 which were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the transgenic plants. Of note, all eight upregulated flavonoid compounds were glycosylated. Given that arabidopsis, which exogenously expresses the IsUGT78 gene, has reduced resistance to cadmium, IsUGT78 may lead to a reduced ability to cope with cadmium stress.

城市化导致土壤质量严重退化,使植物遭受重金属污染、盐碱化和干旱等持续的非生物压力。UDP-糖基转移酶(UGTs)参与蛋白质糖基化、次生代谢物合成和外源有毒物质的解毒。鸢尾(Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem)对各种非生物胁迫具有很强的抵抗力。为了增强植物对逆境的反应能力,研究人员从单子叶植物鸢尾(I. sanguinea)中克隆了一种属于 UGT78 家族的新型糖基转移酶,该酶编码黄酮类化合物 3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶(UF3GT)。与对照组相比,IsUGT78的过表达增强了对镉胁迫的敏感性,而在NaCl和d-山梨醇处理下则无明显影响。与野生型拟南芥相比,外源转化了 IsUGT78 基因的拟南芥在镉胁迫下的发芽率、鲜重、根长和叶绿素含量均较低,丙二醛含量则有所增加。此外,叶片中的代谢组学研究还发现了 299 种类黄酮代谢物,其中 8 种和 127 种分别在转基因植物中显著上调和下调。值得注意的是,所有八种上调的类黄酮化合物都是糖基化的。鉴于外源表达 IsUGT78 基因的拟南芥对镉的抗性降低,IsUGT78 可能会导致拟南芥应对镉胁迫的能力降低。
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引用次数: 0
Changes of growth-climate relationships of Smith fir forests along an altitudinal gradient 史密斯冷杉林生长-气候关系在海拔梯度上的变化
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01731-9
Jiacheng Zheng, Jing Yang, Hengfeng Jia, Lixin Lyu, Jiayang Langzhen, Qi-Bin Zhang

Temporal changes in the relationship between tree growth and climate have been observed in numerous forests across the world. The patterns and the possible regulators (e.g., forest community structure) of such changes are, however, not well understood. A vegetation survey and analyses of growth-climate relationships for Abies georgei var. Smithii (Smith fir) forests were carried along an altitudinal gradient from 3600 to 4200 m on Meili Snow Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the associations between growth and temperature have declined since the 1970s over the whole transect, while response to standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration indices (SPEI) strengthened in the mid- and lower-transect. Comparison between growth and vegetation data showed that tree growth was more sensitive to drought in stands with higher species richness and greater shrub cover. Drought stress on growth may be increased by heavy competition from shrub and herb layers. These results show the non-stationary nature of tree growth-climate associations and the linkage to forest community structures. Vegetation components should be considered in future modeling and forecasting of forest dynamics in relation to climate changes.

在世界各地的许多森林中都观察到了树木生长与气候之间关系的时间变化。然而,人们对这种变化的模式和可能的调节因素(如森林群落结构)并不十分了解。研究人员沿着青藏高原东南部梅里雪山从 3600 米到 4200 米的海拔梯度,开展了一项植被调查,并分析了冷杉(Abies georgei var.结果表明,自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,整个横断面上的生长与温度之间的关系有所减弱,而在中横断面和低横断面上,对标准化降水-蒸散指数(SPEI)的响应则有所增强。生长和植被数据的比较表明,在物种丰富度较高、灌木覆盖率较高的林分中,树木生长对干旱更为敏感。灌木和草本层的激烈竞争可能会加剧干旱对树木生长的压力。这些结果表明了树木生长与气候关系的非稳态性质以及与森林群落结构的联系。在未来与气候变化相关的森林动态建模和预测中,应考虑植被成分。
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引用次数: 0
Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants 欧洲赤松和欧洲冷杉树冠对空气污染物沉积的影响
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01728-4
Valentinas Černiauskas, Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, Valda Araminienė, Vidas Stakėnas

Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type, ecosystem characteristics, and local climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., and a mixture of both, on the chemical composition of precipitation. Three permanent plots within the ICP forest level II monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous forests. The study analysed (1) the concentrations of NO2, NH3 and SO2 in the ambient air; (2) the concentrations of SO42−, NO3, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field, and (3) S and total N, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006–2022. Results show a significant decrease in SO2 emissions in the ambient air; NO2 and NH3 emissions also decreased. The canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall, although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO42−, NO3, Na+, and particularly K+. During the study, low variability in NO3 deposition and a decrease in NH4+ deposition occurred. Deposition loads increased by 20–30% when precipitation passed through the canopy. The cumulative deposition of S, Cl, Na, K, Ca, and N was greater under P. abies than under P. sylvestris. However, K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under P. sylvestris compared to the P. abies or mixed stand. Throughfall S depositions declined across all three coniferous plots. Overall, there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.

树冠对大气污染物沉积的影响取决于类型、生态系统特征和当地气候条件。本研究调查了欧洲赤松(Pinus sylvestris L.)和欧洲桤木(Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.)以及两者的混合物对降水化学成分的影响。在立陶宛的 ICP 森林二级监测网络中选择了三个永久性地块,以说明典型的半寒带针叶林。研究分析了:(1) 环境空气中的 NO2、NH3 和 SO2 浓度;(2) 树冠下的直流降水和在邻近田野收集的降水中的 SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、Na+、K+、Ca2+ 和 Cl- 浓度;(3) 2006-2022 年间直流降水和降水中的 S 和总 N、Na+、K+、Ca2+ 和 Cl- 沉积物。结果表明,环境空气中的二氧化硫排放量明显减少;二氧化氮和 NH3 的排放量也有所减少。雨棚降低了直流降水的酸度,但导致 SO42-、NO3-、Na+,尤其是 K+的浓度明显升高。研究期间,NO3-沉积量变化不大,NH4+沉积量有所减少。当降水穿过冠层时,沉积负荷增加了 20-30%。赤松属植物的 S、Cl、Na、K、Ca 和 N 的累积沉积量大于西洋杉属植物。然而,与欧鼠李或混合林分相比,欧鼠李下的通流钾沉积量要低得多。所有三个针叶林地块的通流 S 沉积量都有所下降。总体而言,树种对通流化学没有特定的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Decreasing productivity of pine forests on the southern edge of the Mongolian Plateau as indicated by tree rings 树木年轮显示蒙古高原南缘松树林生产力下降
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01727-5
Zhuolan Shen, Shijie Wang, Feng Chen, Heli Zhang, Xiaoen Zhao, Youping Chen, Mao Hu

Vegetation productivity on the southern edge of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, which plays a vital role in the ecological environment and in the arable and pastoral production in this region, can be characterized by the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index). However, the observed NDVI data span only the last ~ 40 years. The growth of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. is strongly correlated with the NDVI, making it a valuable proxy for extending the length of observed NDVI datasets. In this study, we reconstructed an NDVI series for 1776–2021 for the Daqing Mountains, based on a tree-ring width chronology. The reconstructed data accounted for 55% of the variance in the observed data, and its statistical characteristics and validation indicate that the reconstruction is dependable. Spatial correlation analysis demonstrated the consistency of climate signals in central Inner Mongolia in both the arable and pastoral zones. The results of superposed epoch analysis revealed a good temporal consistency between drought and flood events and the reconstructed NDVI sequence in this region.

内蒙古高原南缘的植被生产力对该地区的生态环境和农牧业生产起着至关重要的作用,其特征可以用归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)来表示。然而,观测到的 NDVI 数据只跨越了过去约 40 年。Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.的生长与归一化差异植被指数密切相关,使其成为延长归一化差异植被指数观测数据集长度的重要替代物。在本研究中,我们根据树环宽度年代学重建了大青山 1776-2021 年的 NDVI 序列。重建数据占观测数据方差的 55%,其统计特征和验证表明重建数据是可靠的。空间相关性分析表明,内蒙古中部耕地区和牧区的气候信号具有一致性。叠加年代分析结果表明,该地区旱涝事件与重建的 NDVI 序列在时间上具有良好的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) 二氧化碳富集会短暂影响成熟有花序橡树(Quercus robur L.)的花朵数量,并稳定地增加授粉后的成功发育,但不会改变橡子的最终产量。
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01724-8
Ryan McClory, Richard H. Ellis, Martin Lukac, Jo Clark, Carolina Mayoral, Kris M. Hart, Andrew R. G. Plackett, A. Rob MacKenzie

Acorn production in oak (Quercus spp.) shows considerable inter-annual variation, known as masting, which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each year. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the ‘fertilisation effect’ that leads to enhanced photosynthesis. To examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO2, the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Inter-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021, with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015, 2017 and 2020 but almost none in 2018. The numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, immature acorns, empty acorn cups, and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years; comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018, suggesting Q. robur at this site is a fruit maturation masting species (i.e., the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly). Raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration by 150 μL L−1, from early 2017, increased the numbers of immature acorns, and all acorn evidence (empty cups + immature acorns + mature acorns) detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021, but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, empty cups, or mature acorns. The number of flowers in the elevated CO2 plots’ litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017, one year after CO2 enrichment began, whereas numbers declined in ambient plots. Enrichment with CO2 also increased the number of oak knopper galls (Andricus quercuscalicis Burgsdorf). We conclude that elevated CO2 increased the occurrence of acorns developing from flowers, but the putative benefit to mature acorn numbers may have been hidden by excessive pre- and/or post-dispersal predation. There was no evidence that elevated CO2 altered masting behaviour.

栎树(Quercus spp.)的橡子产量显示出相当大的年际变化,即所谓的 "碾压",这提供了抵御种子捕食者的天然防御手段,但每年用于商业植树等用途的橡子供应量却变化很大。大量报道表明,人为温室气体排放会通过 "施肥效应 "影响植物生长以及种子或果实的大小和数量,从而导致光合作用增强。为了研究成熟林地群落的橡子产量是否会受到二氧化碳进一步增加的影响,我们分析了英格兰中部落叶林地自由空气富碳(FACE)实验中的垃圾收集器中不同发育阶段有梗橡树(Quercus robur L.)的花和橡子数量,以及在环境和二氧化碳浓度升高的情况下它们的捕食水平。在 2015 年至 2021 年期间,橡子数量的年际变化相当大,且呈周期性变化,其中 2015 年、2017 年和 2020 年的成熟橡子数量最多,而 2018 年几乎没有。花朵、增大的橡子杯、未成熟橡子、空橡子杯和虫瘿的数量在不同年份也有变化;2018 年记录到的增大的橡子杯数量相对较高,这表明该地点的栎属是一种果实成熟畸变物种(即橡子发育过程中授粉花朵的流产程度对成熟橡子数量的影响很大)。从 2017 年初开始,将大气中的二氧化碳浓度提高 150 μL L-1,到 2021 年,与环境对照相比,增加了未成熟橡子的数量,以及在枯落物收集器中检测到的所有橡子证据(空杯 + 未成熟橡子 + 成熟橡子)的数量,但并未持续影响花、增大杯、空杯或成熟橡子的数量。二氧化碳富集开始一年后,高架二氧化碳地块垃圾收集器中的花朵数量在2018年比2017年更多,而环境地块中的数量则有所下降。富集二氧化碳还增加了橡树节瘿(Andricus quercuscalicis Burgsdorf)的数量。我们的结论是,高浓度 CO2 增加了橡子从花中发育的数量,但对成熟橡子数量的潜在益处可能被过度的散播前和/或散播后捕食所掩盖。没有证据表明二氧化碳升高会改变橡子的结实行为。
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引用次数: 0
Degree of shade tolerance shapes seasonality of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus levels of trees and herbs in a temperate deciduous forest 耐阴程度影响温带落叶林树木和草本植物叶绿素、氮和磷水平的季节性
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01703-z
Jiajia Zeng, Fan Liu, Yuan Zhu, Jiayi Li, Ying Ruan, Xiankui Quan, Chuankuan Wang, Xingchang Wang

Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits. However, leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species, and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified. In this study, the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest. The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined. During the entire season, chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species, with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring, and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased. Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance. Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion, remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence. Over the seasons, the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance. However, N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower. Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation. These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll, N, and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests, which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production.

森林生产力与叶片性状的季节变化和垂直分化密切相关。然而,树冠层内共存物种和植物功能类型之间的叶片结构和化学性质差异却很少被量化。本研究对温带落叶林中四种主要树种和两种草本植物的叶片叶绿素、氮(N)和磷(P)的季节性进行了垂直量化。研究考察了耐阴性在形成季节变化和垂直分化方面的作用。在整个季节中,所有树种的叶绿素含量都呈现出明显的非对称单峰模式,秋季叶绿素含量高于春季,随着耐荫性的增加,单位叶面积叶绿素含量达到峰值的时间逐渐缩短。叶绿素 a:b 比率随着耐荫性的增加而逐渐降低。叶片 N 和 P 含量在展叶期急剧下降,在成熟期保持稳定,在叶片衰老期再次下降。在各季中,无论耐阴程度如何,冠层下部的单位叶片质量叶绿素显著高于冠层上部,但单位叶面积叶绿素却不高。然而,中等耐阴和完全耐阴树种的单位叶面积氮和磷在树冠上层明显高于树冠下层。氮磷比的季节性变化表明氮或磷的限制发生了变化。这些研究结果表明,耐荫性是温带落叶林叶片叶绿素、氮和磷含量及其季节性差异的一个关键特征,对叶片光合作用和生态系统生产建模具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing trends in wildland-urban interface fire research through text mining: a comprehensive analysis of published literature 通过文本挖掘评估荒地-城市界面火灾研究趋势:对已发表文献的综合分析
IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-024-01722-w
Hafsae Lamsaf, Asmae Lamsaf, Mounir A. Kerroum, Miguel Almeida

Research on fires at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) has generated significant insights and advancements across various fields of study. Environmental, agriculture, and social sciences have played prominent roles in understanding the impacts of fires in the environment, in protecting communities, and addressing management challenges. This study aimed to create a database using a text mining technique for global researchers interested in WUI-projects and highlighting the interest of countries in this field. Author’s-Keywords analysis emphasized the dominance of fire science-related terms, especially related to WUI, and identified keyword clusters related to the WUI fire-risk-assessment-system—“exposure”, “danger”, and “vulnerability” within wildfire research. Trends over the past decade showcase shifting research interests with a growing focus on WUI fires, while regional variations highlighted that the “exposure” keyword cluster received greater attention in the southern Europe and South America. However, vulnerability keywords have relatively a lower representation across all regions. The analysis underscores the interdisciplinary nature of WUI research and emphasizes the need for targeted approaches to address the unique challenges of the wildland-urban interface. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for researchers and serves as a foundation for further collaboration in this field through the understanding of the trends over recent years and in different regions.

对荒地-城市结合部(WUI)火灾的研究在各个研究领域都取得了重要的见解和进展。环境科学、农业科学和社会科学在了解火灾对环境的影响、保护社区和应对管理挑战方面发挥了重要作用。本研究旨在利用文本挖掘技术为对 WUI 项目感兴趣的全球研究人员创建一个数据库,并突出各国在这一领域的兴趣。作者关键词分析强调了火灾科学相关术语的主导地位,尤其是与 WUI 相关的术语,并确定了野火研究中与 WUI 火灾风险评估系统相关的关键词集群--"暴露"、"危险 "和 "脆弱性"。过去十年的趋势表明,研究兴趣在不断变化,对 WUI 火灾的关注度也在不断提高,而地区差异则突出表明,"暴露 "关键词群在南欧和南美受到了更多关注。然而,脆弱性关键词在所有地区的代表性相对较低。分析强调了 WUI 研究的跨学科性质,并强调需要有针对性的方法来应对荒地-城市界面的独特挑战。总之,这项研究为研究人员提供了宝贵的见解,并通过了解近年来不同地区的趋势,为这一领域的进一步合作奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Forestry Research
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