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2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM)最新文献

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Decision tree modeling for video routing in cognitive radio mesh networks 认知无线电网状网络中视频路由的决策树建模
S. Soltani, M. Mutka
Cognitive radio networks are developed to solve the under utilization problem of available spectrum. Typically, available spectrum is not fully utilized without supporting multimedia applications. In this work we translate video routing in a dynamic cognitive radio network into a decision theory problem. Then terminal analysis backward induction is used to produce our routing scheme that improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the received video. In the proposed Video aware Cognitive Routing strategy (VCR), two components are introduced that improve the precision of correct decision making in a highly dynamic environment; First, a sample and posterior distribution are introduced to explain the status of channels and nodes in supporting video frame quality of service. Second, a utility function is introduced to capture the effects of spectrum stability, fluctuation of bandwidth availability and path quality. In comparison to a deterministic routing scheme developed for dynamic environment (OSDRP), our simulation results show that VCR improves the video quality by at least 30% at the receiver.
认知无线电网络是为了解决可用频谱利用率不足的问题而发展起来的。通常情况下,如果不支持多媒体应用,可用频谱就不能得到充分利用。在这项工作中,我们将动态认知无线网络中的视频路由问题转化为决策理论问题。然后利用终端分析反归纳得到了提高接收视频峰值信噪比的路由方案。在提出的视频感知认知路由策略(VCR)中,引入了两个组件来提高在高动态环境下正确决策的精度;首先,引入样本分布和后验分布来解释支持视频帧服务质量的信道和节点的状态。其次,引入效用函数来捕捉频谱稳定性、带宽可用性波动和路径质量的影响。与针对动态环境开发的确定性路由方案(OSDRP)相比,我们的仿真结果表明,VCR在接收端将视频质量提高了至少30%。
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引用次数: 9
Architecture of a Self Configuration Framework for 802.11-based multi-radio Mesh Networks 基于802.11的多无线Mesh网络自配置框架的体系结构
S. Robitzsch, S. Murphy, Piotr Szczechowiak
This paper presents the high level specification of a Self Configuration Framework for 802.11 multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks based on a centralised topology discovery and channel assignment mechanism. The framework was designed to support the introduction of a new Mesh Node into the network at any time of the network's operational phase. Further, it enables a new Mesh Node to locate and communicate with the Mesh Gateway and vice versa before any routing protocol has been activated. Finally, the paper presents an estimation of time required to boot a single node and the entire multi-radio Wireless Mesh Network.
本文提出了一种基于集中式拓扑发现和信道分配机制的802.11多无线Mesh网络自配置框架的高级规范。该框架旨在支持在网络运行阶段的任何时间将新的Mesh节点引入网络。此外,它使新的Mesh Node能够在任何路由协议被激活之前定位并与Mesh Gateway通信,反之亦然。最后,给出了启动单个节点和整个多无线电无线Mesh网络所需时间的估计。
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引用次数: 3
WiFiPi: Involuntary tracking of visitors at mass events wifi:在大型活动中对访客进行非自愿跟踪
B. Bonné, Arno Barzan, P. Quax, W. Lamotte
To simulate crowds at mass events, realistic movement data of people is required. Despite their limited capacity for approximating real human mobility, synthetic movement models are traditionally used for this purpose. More realistic simulations can be achieved by using real-life movement data, gathered by observing people in the desired context. This paper presents a method for tracking people at mass events without the need for active cooperation by the subjects. The mechanism works by scanning at multiple locations for packets sent out by the Wi-Fi interface on visitors' smartphones, and correlating the data captured at these different locations. The proposed method can be implemented at very low cost on Raspberry Pi computers. This implementation was trialed in two different contexts: a popular music festival and a university campus. The method allows for tracking thousands of people simultaneously, and achieves a higher coverage rate than similar methods for involuntary crowd tracking. Moreover, the coverage rate is expected to increase even further as more people will start using smartphones. The proposed method has many applications in different domains. It also entails privacy implications that must be considered when deploying a similar system.
为了模拟大型活动中的人群,需要真实的人群运动数据。尽管他们的能力有限,近似真实的人体运动,合成运动模型传统上用于这一目的。更真实的模拟可以通过使用现实生活中的运动数据来实现,这些数据是通过在期望的环境中观察人们而收集的。本文提出了一种在不需要主体积极配合的情况下,在群体性事件中跟踪人的方法。该机制的工作原理是在多个地点扫描访客智能手机上的Wi-Fi接口发出的数据包,并将在这些不同地点捕获的数据关联起来。该方法可以在树莓派计算机上以极低的成本实现。这个实现在两个不同的环境中进行了试验:一个流行音乐节和一个大学校园。该方法允许同时跟踪数千人,并且比非自愿人群跟踪的类似方法实现更高的覆盖率。此外,随着越来越多的人开始使用智能手机,覆盖率有望进一步提高。该方法在不同领域具有广泛的应用前景。它还涉及在部署类似系统时必须考虑的隐私问题。
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引用次数: 108
Cross Technology Interference Mitigation in Body-to-Body Area Networks 体对体区域网络中的交叉技术干扰缓解
Stefano Paris, J. Elias, A. Mehaoua
In recent years, Body-to-Body Networks (BBNs) have gained momentum as a means to monitor people behavior and simplify their interaction with the surrounding environment; thus representing a key element of the Internet of Things (IoT) networking paradigm. Within BBNs, several transmission technologies sharing the same unlicensed band (namely the ISM band) coexist, increasing dramatically the level of interference, which in turn negatively affects the network performance. In this paper, we consider an IoT system composed of several BBNs and we analyze the Cross Technology Interference (CTI) problem caused by the utilization of different transmission technologies that share the same radio spectrum. We formulate an optimization model considering both the Mutual and Cross Technology Interference in order to mitigate the overall level of interference within the IoT system, taking explicitly into account the node mobility. We further develop two heuristic approaches to solve efficiently the interference mitigation problem in large scale network scenarios. Numerical results show that the proposed heuristics represent two efficient and practical alternatives to the optimal solution for solving the CTI mitigation problem in large scale IoT scenarios.
近年来,身体对身体网络(bbn)作为一种监测人们行为和简化他们与周围环境互动的手段得到了发展。因此,它代表了物联网(IoT)网络范式的关键要素。在bbn内,共享同一未授权频段(即ISM频段)的几种传输技术共存,极大地增加了干扰水平,进而对网络性能产生负面影响。在本文中,我们考虑了一个由多个bbn组成的物联网系统,并分析了由于使用共享同一无线电频谱的不同传输技术而引起的交叉技术干扰(CTI)问题。我们制定了一个考虑相互和交叉技术干扰的优化模型,以减轻物联网系统内的整体干扰水平,并明确考虑到节点的移动性。我们进一步开发了两种启发式方法来有效地解决大规模网络场景下的干扰缓解问题。数值结果表明,所提出的启发式算法是解决大规模物联网场景下CTI缓解问题的两种有效且实用的最优方案。
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引用次数: 9
On the application of pipelining in aggregation convergecast scheduling 流水线技术在聚合收敛调度中的应用
E. D. Souza, I. Nikolaidis
We consider the problem of scheduling wireless transmissions in a sensor network to perform aggregation convergecast. In contrast to studies that attempt to shorten the schedule for completing a single data collection cycle, we aim to increase the frequency at which updates are collected (higher throughput). To achieve higher throughput, we use a form of pipelined concurrent collection of multiple data snapshots through the network. To attain high performance pipelining, we “expand” the time in which precedence constraints need to be satisfied such that they span over multiple schedule cycles. Our approach involves the unconventional approach of constructing the schedule before finalizing the exact form of the precedence constraints, i.e., before determining the data aggregation tree, which in turn requires that the schedule construction phase guarantees that every node can reach the sink. We compare our results using pipelining against a previously proposed algorithm that also uses pipelining, as well as against an algorithm that, although lacking pipelining, exhibits the ability to produce very short schedules. The results confirm the potential to achieve a substantial throughput increase at the cost of increased latency.
研究了传感器网络中无线传输的调度问题,以实现聚合收敛。与试图缩短完成单个数据收集周期的时间表的研究相反,我们的目标是增加收集更新的频率(更高的吞吐量)。为了实现更高的吞吐量,我们使用了一种通过网络对多个数据快照进行流水线式并发收集的形式。为了获得高性能的流水线,我们“扩展”了需要满足优先级约束的时间,以便它们跨越多个调度周期。我们的方法采用了一种非常规的方法,即在确定优先约束的确切形式之前构建调度,即在确定数据聚合树之前,这反过来要求调度构建阶段保证每个节点都可以到达汇聚点。我们将使用流水线的结果与先前提出的也使用流水线的算法进行比较,以及与尽管缺乏流水线,但显示出产生非常短调度能力的算法进行比较。结果证实了以增加延迟为代价实现大量吞吐量增加的可能性。
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引用次数: 3
A linear-time algorithm for optimal multi-channel access in Cognitive Radio Networks 认知无线网络中最优多信道接入的线性时间算法
Luca Zappaterra, Joseph S. Gomes, Amrinder Arora, Hyeong-Ah Choi
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) aim to maximize the utilization of existing wireless channels by allowing secondary users (SUs) to transmit when licensed primary users (PUs) are not using the same channels. An SU monitors the CRN channels, sensing PU presence to avoid interference and estimating the link quality before transmitting. It stops when one or more available channels with satisfactory link quality are found. Algorithms for making the optimal decision regarding when to stop exploring the channels and start transmitting are expensive in terms of time and space, which are both scarce in hardware-constrained SUs, such as mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity algorithm, which utilizes link quality and PU-activity statistics of the CRN channels to pre-compute a set of decision thresholds that will aid the channel exploration phase in maximizing SU-throughput. Our algorithm takes quadratic time and space for offline computations and linear time and space for online processing, which makes it very suitable for space and energy constrained mobile SUs. Our extensive simulation study and analytical model matching the simulation results demonstrate our solution's validity by showing the closeness of throughput and delay performances with the optimum solution as well as solutions by the well-known backward induction method, which often runs in exponential time for offline computations.
认知无线网络(crn)的目标是在授权的主用户(pu)不使用相同的信道时,允许辅助用户(su)进行传输,从而最大限度地利用现有的无线信道。SU监控CRN信道,感知PU的存在以避免干扰,并在传输前估计链路质量。当找到一个或多个具有满意链接质量的可用通道时,它将停止。关于何时停止探索信道并开始传输的最佳决策的算法在时间和空间方面都是昂贵的,这在硬件受限的su(如移动设备)中都是稀缺的。在本文中,我们提出了一种低复杂度的算法,该算法利用CRN信道的链路质量和pu活动统计数据来预先计算一组决策阈值,这将有助于信道探索阶段最大化su吞吐量。我们的算法在离线计算时需要二次的时间和空间,在线处理时需要线性的时间和空间,这使得它非常适合空间和能量受限的移动SUs。我们广泛的仿真研究和与仿真结果相匹配的分析模型证明了我们的解决方案的有效性,通过展示吞吐量和延迟性能与最优解以及众所周知的反向归纳法的解的密切关系,该方法通常在指数时间内进行离线计算。
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引用次数: 3
An analytical evaluation of a Map-based Sensor-data Delivery Protocol for VANETs 基于地图的VANETs传感器数据传输协议的分析评估
S. Tornell, Enrique Hernández-Orallo, C. Calafate, Juan-Carlos Cano, P. Manzoni
The Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) approach is considered the best strategy to address the specific issues of the VANETs, namely high mobility, variable node density or frequent radio obstacles. Several protocols have been proposed for DTNs, being the epidemic routing (and variations of it) the most representative protocol. Nevertheless, the availability of navigation systems, thanks to which each vehicle is aware of its location within a map, introduces the possibility for a new routing approach, known as Geographic Routing. In this paper we analytically evaluate the performance of our previously presented Map-based Sensor-data Delivery Protocol (MSDP). We introduce an analytical model that takes into account the effect of constrained buffers. The results show that adopting the Map-based Sensor-data Delivery Protocol (MSDP) routing mechanism allows achieving a reasonable delivery time with an insignificant overhead compared with epidemic routing.
容忍延迟网络(DTN)方法被认为是解决vanet特定问题的最佳策略,即高移动性、可变节点密度或频繁的无线电障碍。针对ddn已经提出了几种协议,其中流行路由(及其变体)是最具代表性的协议。然而,导航系统的可用性,由于每辆车都知道自己在地图上的位置,引入了一种新的路由方法的可能性,称为地理路由。在本文中,我们分析评估了我们之前提出的基于地图的传感器数据传输协议(MSDP)的性能。我们引入了一个考虑约束缓冲效应的分析模型。结果表明,采用基于地图的传感器数据传输协议(MSDP)路由机制可以实现合理的传输时间,而开销与流行病路由相比微不足道。
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引用次数: 4
Decentralized Traffic Aware Scheduling for multi-hop Low power Lossy Networks in the Internet of Things 物联网中多跳低功耗网络的分散流量感知调度
Nicola Accettura, M. Palattella, G. Boggia, L. Grieco, M. Dohler
The emerging IEEE802.15.4e standard and IETF RPL routing protocol are core to the organization of multi-hop Low-power and Lossy Networks. They provide key functionalities useful for a really viable Internet of Things. However, several open issues still remain and require research efforts to be solved. Among others, the design of effective scheduling schemes in such systems is one of the major problems; in fact, there are no specifications about how schedules should be realized. Trying to fill this gap, this paper presents a new Decentralized Traffic-Aware Scheduling algorithm, which is able to construct optimum multi-hop schedules in a distributed fashion. Its effectiveness has been proved by using simulation results and comparing it with a centralized scheme. The reported performance results encourage the use of the developed scheduling technique, since it allows a very efficient queue management, and thus it minimizes packet discards due to buffer overflows, while at the same time minimizing the network duty cycle.
新兴的IEEE802.15.4e标准和IETF RPL路由协议是组织多跳低功耗和有损网络的核心。它们为真正可行的物联网提供了关键功能。然而,仍然存在一些悬而未决的问题,需要研究努力来解决。其中,设计有效的调度方案是这类系统的主要问题之一;事实上,没有关于如何实现时间表的规范。为了填补这一空白,本文提出了一种新的分布式流量感知调度算法,该算法能够以分布式的方式构造最优的多跳调度。仿真结果证明了该方案的有效性,并与集中式方案进行了比较。报告的性能结果鼓励使用开发的调度技术,因为它允许非常有效的队列管理,因此它可以最小化由于缓冲区溢出而导致的数据包丢弃,同时最小化网络占空比。
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引用次数: 120
Enhanced multi-domain access control for secure mobile collaboration through Linked Data cloud in manufacturing 通过制造业中的关联数据云,增强了安全移动协作的多域访问控制
P. Órtiz, Ó. Lázaro, Mikel Uriarte, M. Carnerero
Collaborative networked organizations represent an important paradigm to help manufacturing companies to cope with the challenges of market turbulence. However, although manufacturing companies are increasingly aiming to implement mobile collaboration models, there are still some barriers that prevent manufacturers from effectively sharing big data leveraged in particular by the use of Internet of Things technologies. These barriers are basically related to the lack of security controls and lightweight data management enablers that would guarantee the protection of sensitive information published on the Linked Data cloud and leverage customers from the burden of linked data sharing. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the industrial application of the necessary extensions to traditional role-based multi-domain access control approaches to enable secure and mobile collaboration among manufacturing enterprises in logistic, manufacturing and e-Commerce processes in the context of the Web of Data.
协作网络化组织是帮助制造企业应对市场动荡挑战的重要范例。然而,尽管制造企业越来越多地致力于实施移动协作模式,但仍存在一些障碍,阻碍制造商有效地共享大数据,特别是通过使用物联网技术。这些障碍基本上与缺乏安全控制和轻量级数据管理相关,这些控制和轻量级数据管理能够保证在关联数据云上发布的敏感信息得到保护,并使客户免受关联数据共享的负担。本文的目的是展示和讨论传统的基于角色的多域访问控制方法的必要扩展的工业应用,以在数据网络的背景下实现制造企业之间在物流、制造和电子商务过程中的安全和移动协作。
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引用次数: 17
Dissecting mobile video services: An energy consumption perspective 剖析移动视频服务:能源消耗视角
M. A. Hoque, M. Siekkinen, J. Nurminen, Mika Aalto
Multimedia streaming applications are among the most energy hungry applications in smartphones. The energy consumption mostly depends on the delivery techniques and on the power management techniques of wireless interfaces (Wi-Fi and 3G). In order to provide insights on what kind of streaming techniques exist, how they work on different mobile platforms, and what is their impact on the energy consumption of mobile phones, we have done a large set of active measurements with several smartphones having both Wi-Fi and cellular network access. Our analysis reveals five different techniques to deliver the content to the video players. The selection of a technique depends on the device, player, quality, and service. The results from our power measurements allow us to conclude that none of the identified techniques is optimal because they take none of the following facts into account: access technology used, user behaviour, and user preferences concerning data waste. However, we point out the techniques that provide the most attractive trade-offs in particular situations. Furthermore, we make several observations on the energy consumption of different players, containers, and video qualities that should be taken into consideration when optimizing the energy consumption.
多媒体流媒体应用是智能手机中最耗电的应用之一。其能耗主要取决于无线接口(Wi-Fi和3G)的传输技术和电源管理技术。为了深入了解目前存在什么样的流媒体技术,它们在不同的移动平台上是如何工作的,以及它们对手机能耗的影响,我们对几款同时具有Wi-Fi和蜂窝网络接入的智能手机进行了大量的主动测量。我们的分析揭示了将内容传递给视频播放器的五种不同技术。技术的选择取决于设备、播放器、质量和服务。功率测量的结果使我们得出结论,所确定的技术都不是最佳的,因为它们没有考虑以下事实:所使用的访问技术、用户行为和用户对数据浪费的偏好。然而,我们指出了在特定情况下提供最有吸引力的权衡的技术。此外,我们还对不同播放器、容器和视频质量的能耗进行了观察,在优化能耗时应考虑这些因素。
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引用次数: 40
期刊
2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM)
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