Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583450
V. Siris, M. Anagnostopoulou
We present a detailed evaluation of procedures that exploit mobility prediction and prefetching to enhance offloading of traffic from mobile networks to WiFi hotspots, for both delay tolerant and delay sensitive traffic. We consider empirical measurements and evaluate the percentage of offloaded traffic, data transfer delay, and energy consumption of the proposed procedures. Our results illustrate how various factors such as mobile, WiFi and hotspot backhaul throughput, data size, number of hotspots, along with time and throughput estimation errors, influence the performance and energy efficiency of mobile data offloading enhanced with mobility prediction and prefetching.
{"title":"Performance and energy efficiency of mobile data offloading with mobility prediction and prefetching","authors":"V. Siris, M. Anagnostopoulou","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583450","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed evaluation of procedures that exploit mobility prediction and prefetching to enhance offloading of traffic from mobile networks to WiFi hotspots, for both delay tolerant and delay sensitive traffic. We consider empirical measurements and evaluate the percentage of offloaded traffic, data transfer delay, and energy consumption of the proposed procedures. Our results illustrate how various factors such as mobile, WiFi and hotspot backhaul throughput, data size, number of hotspots, along with time and throughput estimation errors, influence the performance and energy efficiency of mobile data offloading enhanced with mobility prediction and prefetching.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114872611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583491
Stefano Turchi, Lorenzo Bianchi, F. Paganelli, Franco Pirri, D. Giuli
The technological advances in hardware and software communication technologies are speeding up the path towards the actualization of the Internet of Things. Nonetheless, novel requirements are emerging for the effective and efficient usage of the huge amount of available sensor information and functional capabilities. Several approaches have been proposed for leveraging the Web to this purpose (i.e. Web of Things). In this work, we propose an information-centric approach to enable a Web of Sensors. We combine the principles of Linked Data and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style to represent sensors as graphs of URI-addressable information nodes, which can be easily combined and reused for developing novel applications and creating software-based sensors (Virtual Sensors). Our approach relies on the adoption of a web-oriented middleware and information model, called InterDataNet.
{"title":"Towards a web of sensors built with linked data and REST","authors":"Stefano Turchi, Lorenzo Bianchi, F. Paganelli, Franco Pirri, D. Giuli","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583491","url":null,"abstract":"The technological advances in hardware and software communication technologies are speeding up the path towards the actualization of the Internet of Things. Nonetheless, novel requirements are emerging for the effective and efficient usage of the huge amount of available sensor information and functional capabilities. Several approaches have been proposed for leveraging the Web to this purpose (i.e. Web of Things). In this work, we propose an information-centric approach to enable a Web of Sensors. We combine the principles of Linked Data and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style to represent sensors as graphs of URI-addressable information nodes, which can be easily combined and reused for developing novel applications and creating software-based sensors (Virtual Sensors). Our approach relies on the adoption of a web-oriented middleware and information model, called InterDataNet.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116685783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583422
Jonathan Prados-Garzon, P. Ameigeiras, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, J. López-Soler
In this paper, we study the performance of the YouTube service over 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) by means of dynamic network simulations. We consider a typical configuration of an LTE network for TCP traffic and the traffic generation model for YouTube `Flash' videos downloaded onto a personal computer (PC). Furthermore, in order to achieve more reliable results in the simulations, the main configuration parameters are obtained for TCP Cubic congestion control algorithm used by YouTube media servers. The results obtained show that: the number of pauses experimented by users during video download are heavily influenced by the cell load, but the same is not true for pause duration; most of the packet losses occur during initial burst due to the TCP adaptation to the BDP of the link, and, unlike packet losses during throttling phase, these are not depend on radio link quality; and in most cases the user do not use the maximum data rate achievable in the LTE interface.
{"title":"Simulation-based performance study of YouTube service in 3G LTE","authors":"Jonathan Prados-Garzon, P. Ameigeiras, Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, J. López-Soler","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583422","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the performance of the YouTube service over 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE) by means of dynamic network simulations. We consider a typical configuration of an LTE network for TCP traffic and the traffic generation model for YouTube `Flash' videos downloaded onto a personal computer (PC). Furthermore, in order to achieve more reliable results in the simulations, the main configuration parameters are obtained for TCP Cubic congestion control algorithm used by YouTube media servers. The results obtained show that: the number of pauses experimented by users during video download are heavily influenced by the cell load, but the same is not true for pause duration; most of the packet losses occur during initial burst due to the TCP adaptation to the BDP of the link, and, unlike packet losses during throttling phase, these are not depend on radio link quality; and in most cases the user do not use the maximum data rate achievable in the LTE interface.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583483
Q. Minh, K. Nguyen, S. Yamada
Disasters may destroy everything including communication infrastructures isolating people in the disaster-stricken areas. Recovery of these infrastructures is often prolonged which is not suitable for disastrous fast-responses. This paper proposes a wireless multihop access network virtualization (WMANV) approach thereby users/victims are provided Internet access transparently. Concretely, users are provided Internet connection via multihop wireless access networks as if they are connecting to conventional access points (APs) using their commodity mobile devices. A tree-based architecture was proposed to realize the concept of WMANV. This approach allows participating mobile nodes (MNs) to contribute on growing up access networks, thus provide the Internet connection means to further disconnected MNs. The feasibility and the scalability of the proposed approach have been verified by real deployments and experimental evaluations.
{"title":"Virtualized multihop access networks for disaster recovery","authors":"Q. Minh, K. Nguyen, S. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583483","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters may destroy everything including communication infrastructures isolating people in the disaster-stricken areas. Recovery of these infrastructures is often prolonged which is not suitable for disastrous fast-responses. This paper proposes a wireless multihop access network virtualization (WMANV) approach thereby users/victims are provided Internet access transparently. Concretely, users are provided Internet connection via multihop wireless access networks as if they are connecting to conventional access points (APs) using their commodity mobile devices. A tree-based architecture was proposed to realize the concept of WMANV. This approach allows participating mobile nodes (MNs) to contribute on growing up access networks, thus provide the Internet connection means to further disconnected MNs. The feasibility and the scalability of the proposed approach have been verified by real deployments and experimental evaluations.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131876410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583413
P. Gallo, S. Mangione, G. Tarantino
The huge spread of wireless networks and the success of location-aware applications require novel indoor positioning mechanisms based on existing technologies such as IEEE 802.11. Taking inspiration from the RADAR, we propose WIDAR: a bistatic WI-fi Detection And Ranging system for off-the-shelf devices. WIDAR implementation is based on the USRP2 platform and is able to locate 802.11 stations while they operate in existing legacy networks. No substitution or repositioning of the Access Points is necessary. WIDAR works passively and does not expect any dedicated action from the target WiFi node. No airtime is wasted and the target cannot even detect that it is being ranged. Such features make WIDAR desirable in surveillance and monitoring applications where it can provide real-time tracking functionalities.
{"title":"WIDAR: Bistatic WI-fi Detection And Ranging for off-the-shelf devices","authors":"P. Gallo, S. Mangione, G. Tarantino","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583413","url":null,"abstract":"The huge spread of wireless networks and the success of location-aware applications require novel indoor positioning mechanisms based on existing technologies such as IEEE 802.11. Taking inspiration from the RADAR, we propose WIDAR: a bistatic WI-fi Detection And Ranging system for off-the-shelf devices. WIDAR implementation is based on the USRP2 platform and is able to locate 802.11 stations while they operate in existing legacy networks. No substitution or repositioning of the Access Points is necessary. WIDAR works passively and does not expect any dedicated action from the target WiFi node. No airtime is wasted and the target cannot even detect that it is being ranged. Such features make WIDAR desirable in surveillance and monitoring applications where it can provide real-time tracking functionalities.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134020618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583374
J. Lorca, L. Cucala
Some of the most advanced functionalities in LTE and LTE-Advanced wireless networks rely upon some kind of collaborative processing between cells, as happens in coordinated scheduling, Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP), or enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC), among other techniques. In some of these functionalities the required amount of information exchange between cells is so high that centralized processing scenarios represent a more viable alternative, whereby central nodes perform baseband processing tasks and remote radio heads are connected to them via high-capacity fiber links (usually known as fronthaul links). The high fiber cost incurred by these so-called Cloud-RAN architectures is the main drawback for practical deployments, and compression techniques are therefore needed at the fronthaul network. The present paper explores a lossless compression technique for LTE and LTE-Advanced wireless networks where actual compression ratios depend upon the resources occupancy, thereby allowing for statistical multiplexing in the aggregation network which translates into significant cost reductions. Compression ratios as high as 30:1 can be achieved in lightly loaded LTE 2×2 MIMO cells while values around 6:1 are typically obtained for 50% cell loads.
{"title":"Lossless compression technique for the fronthaul of LTE/LTE-advanced cloud-RAN architectures","authors":"J. Lorca, L. Cucala","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583374","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the most advanced functionalities in LTE and LTE-Advanced wireless networks rely upon some kind of collaborative processing between cells, as happens in coordinated scheduling, Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP), or enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC), among other techniques. In some of these functionalities the required amount of information exchange between cells is so high that centralized processing scenarios represent a more viable alternative, whereby central nodes perform baseband processing tasks and remote radio heads are connected to them via high-capacity fiber links (usually known as fronthaul links). The high fiber cost incurred by these so-called Cloud-RAN architectures is the main drawback for practical deployments, and compression techniques are therefore needed at the fronthaul network. The present paper explores a lossless compression technique for LTE and LTE-Advanced wireless networks where actual compression ratios depend upon the resources occupancy, thereby allowing for statistical multiplexing in the aggregation network which translates into significant cost reductions. Compression ratios as high as 30:1 can be achieved in lightly loaded LTE 2×2 MIMO cells while values around 6:1 are typically obtained for 50% cell loads.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134527632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583494
S. O’Connor, F. Liarokapis, Christopher E. Peters
Simulating vast crowds of autonomous agents within a procedurally generated virtual environment is a challenging endeavour from a technical perspective, however it becomes even more difficult when the subjective nature of perception is also taken into account. Agent behaviour is the product of artificial intelligence systems working in tandem, however the sophistication of these systems is not a guarantee of achieving believable behaviour. Within locations based upon reality such as an urban environment, the perceived realism of agent behaviour becomes even harder to achieve. This paper presents the development of a crowd simulation that is based upon a real-life urban environment, which is then subjected to perceptual experimentation to identify features of behaviour which can be linked to perceived realism. This research is predicted to feedback into the development processes of inhabited cities, especially those attempting to simulate perceptually realistic agents as it will highlight features of behaviour that are important to implement. The perceptual experimentation methodologies presented can also be adapted and potentially utilised to test other types of crowd simulation, whether it be for the purposes of computer games or even urban planning and health and safety.
{"title":"A perceptual study into the behaviour of autonomous agents within a virtual urban environment","authors":"S. O’Connor, F. Liarokapis, Christopher E. Peters","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583494","url":null,"abstract":"Simulating vast crowds of autonomous agents within a procedurally generated virtual environment is a challenging endeavour from a technical perspective, however it becomes even more difficult when the subjective nature of perception is also taken into account. Agent behaviour is the product of artificial intelligence systems working in tandem, however the sophistication of these systems is not a guarantee of achieving believable behaviour. Within locations based upon reality such as an urban environment, the perceived realism of agent behaviour becomes even harder to achieve. This paper presents the development of a crowd simulation that is based upon a real-life urban environment, which is then subjected to perceptual experimentation to identify features of behaviour which can be linked to perceived realism. This research is predicted to feedback into the development processes of inhabited cities, especially those attempting to simulate perceptually realistic agents as it will highlight features of behaviour that are important to implement. The perceptual experimentation methodologies presented can also be adapted and potentially utilised to test other types of crowd simulation, whether it be for the purposes of computer games or even urban planning and health and safety.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121742000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583500
D. Kyriazis, T. Varvarigou, Daniel White, Andrea Rossi, Joshua Cooper
In a world of multi-stakeholder information and assets provision on top of millions of real-time interacting and communicating things, systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies aim at exploiting these assets in a resilient and sustainable way allowing them to reach their full potential. In this paper we present two innovative smart city IoT applications: the first one refers to heat and energy management, and aims at utilizing different resources (such as heat and electricity meters) in order to optimize use of energy in commercial and residential areas. The second application refers to cruise control for public transportation, and aims at utilizing different resources (such as environmental and traffic sensors) in order to provide driving recommendations that aim at eco efficiency. We also highlight the IoT challenges as well as potential enabling technologies that will allow for the realization of the proposed applications.
{"title":"Sustainable smart city IoT applications: Heat and electricity management & Eco-conscious cruise control for public transportation","authors":"D. Kyriazis, T. Varvarigou, Daniel White, Andrea Rossi, Joshua Cooper","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583500","url":null,"abstract":"In a world of multi-stakeholder information and assets provision on top of millions of real-time interacting and communicating things, systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies aim at exploiting these assets in a resilient and sustainable way allowing them to reach their full potential. In this paper we present two innovative smart city IoT applications: the first one refers to heat and energy management, and aims at utilizing different resources (such as heat and electricity meters) in order to optimize use of energy in commercial and residential areas. The second application refers to cruise control for public transportation, and aims at utilizing different resources (such as environmental and traffic sensors) in order to provide driving recommendations that aim at eco efficiency. We also highlight the IoT challenges as well as potential enabling technologies that will allow for the realization of the proposed applications.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125984674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583409
K. Gomez, C. Sengul, N. Bayer, R. Riggio, T. Rasheed, D. Miorandi
Energy efficiency is acknowledged as a pivotal issue for a sustainable development of wireless networking technologies. Traditionally, most works in the area focused on the user equipment, where battery duration represents a key asset. However, as the smartphone and tablet revolution fuels a massive deployment of wireless networks, often in the form of WiFi hotspots, more and more attention is expected to be devoted to the energy-efficient management of wireless access infrastructure. These networks tend to be dense and over-provisioned, which in time leads to significant energy wastage in off-peak conditions. In this paper, we present MORFEO a flexible energy-saving decision algorithm to tune the energy consumption of a wireless infrastructure to the actual network conditions in terms of both user density and traffic patterns. Experimental results from a real-life deployment shows that our solution can deliver significant energy savings with minimal degradation in terms of the quality of service provided.
{"title":"MORFEO: Saving energy in wireless access infrastructures","authors":"K. Gomez, C. Sengul, N. Bayer, R. Riggio, T. Rasheed, D. Miorandi","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583409","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency is acknowledged as a pivotal issue for a sustainable development of wireless networking technologies. Traditionally, most works in the area focused on the user equipment, where battery duration represents a key asset. However, as the smartphone and tablet revolution fuels a massive deployment of wireless networks, often in the form of WiFi hotspots, more and more attention is expected to be devoted to the energy-efficient management of wireless access infrastructure. These networks tend to be dense and over-provisioned, which in time leads to significant energy wastage in off-peak conditions. In this paper, we present MORFEO a flexible energy-saving decision algorithm to tune the energy consumption of a wireless infrastructure to the actual network conditions in terms of both user density and traffic patterns. Experimental results from a real-life deployment shows that our solution can deliver significant energy savings with minimal degradation in terms of the quality of service provided.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126073476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-04DOI: 10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583490
J. Skodzik, P. Danielis, Vlado Altmann, D. Timmermann
In this paper, an approach to synchronize the P2P network Kad to be applied in automation scenarios is presented. The approach bases on a deterministic algorithm to synchronize the network, which is required for hard real-time applications. Todays Industrial Ethernet solutions include and support machine to machine communication in automation scenarios. However, instead of allowing direct communication, the communication relies on centralized structures, which are deficient in resilience and scalability However, instead of allowing direct communication, the communication relies on centralized structures. The presented decentralized approach benefits from nodes helping to synchronize the network. However, the higher the number of helping nodes the higher is the time deviation on the nodes of the network, which contrary results in a higher time error. Therefore, a trade-off between synchronization performance and time error has to be determined to meet predefined constraints depending on the application scenario. Moreover, the individual clock drift of every device is considered to define necessary re-synchronization intervals of the network. Additionally, the optimum number of nodes to synchronize the Kad based network has been identified and the resulting synchronization performance and generated traffic are determined. Furthermore, an approach is presented to handle the dynamic churn of nodes.
{"title":"Time synchronization in the DHT-based P2P network Kad for real-time automation scenarios","authors":"J. Skodzik, P. Danielis, Vlado Altmann, D. Timmermann","doi":"10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2013.6583490","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an approach to synchronize the P2P network Kad to be applied in automation scenarios is presented. The approach bases on a deterministic algorithm to synchronize the network, which is required for hard real-time applications. Todays Industrial Ethernet solutions include and support machine to machine communication in automation scenarios. However, instead of allowing direct communication, the communication relies on centralized structures, which are deficient in resilience and scalability However, instead of allowing direct communication, the communication relies on centralized structures. The presented decentralized approach benefits from nodes helping to synchronize the network. However, the higher the number of helping nodes the higher is the time deviation on the nodes of the network, which contrary results in a higher time error. Therefore, a trade-off between synchronization performance and time error has to be determined to meet predefined constraints depending on the application scenario. Moreover, the individual clock drift of every device is considered to define necessary re-synchronization intervals of the network. Additionally, the optimum number of nodes to synchronize the Kad based network has been identified and the resulting synchronization performance and generated traffic are determined. Furthermore, an approach is presented to handle the dynamic churn of nodes.","PeriodicalId":158378,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on \"A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\" (WoWMoM)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130018868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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