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„Děti, děti, z toho kouká buď blázinec, nebo vězení!“ Vídeňský akcionismus jako reakce na válečné, osobní i společenské trauma
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.12
Tomáš Kubart
A group of “Viennese Actionists” was formed in Austria around 1961, ceasing to be active in 1970. One decade of their collaboration comprised creation of a series of multimedia artistic works, often in the form of provocative actions using the so-called Schweinvocabular (“nasty vocabulary”): fake violence, vulgarity, explicit sexuality, profaning state and church symbols, etc. The aim of such aesthetics was not a dull provocation; it was rather an artistic means by which the first generation of post-war artists, who personally experienced the horrors of World War II and the reverberations of the first, responded to the lack of denazification and the internal conflicts in the Austrian society. The paper will present the thesis that the designation of the group as “Viennese Actionism” is probably not derived from the noun “action”, but it is a reference to the current in behavioral psychology called sensomotoric actionism, which originated in the early 20th century and emphasized physical and performative coping with the trauma the Actionists experienced in young age (pain, suffering, loss of loved ones, mass scale of murders, etc.); sensomotoric actionism as a metaphor of artistic response to social trauma. One of the main impulses for the Actionists was thus the war trauma, both on an individual and socio-cultural level. The aesthetic means they employed were based on the actual contemporary methods of treating trauma. Using repulsive “images” that presented the horrors of war, the Actionists “forced” their audience to confront them and, if possible, go through social catharsis, giving back to the theater its ritual function it had in the society of the Classical Athenian polis.
一个名为“维也纳行动派”的团体于1961年左右在奥地利成立,1970年停止活动。在十年的合作中,他们创作了一系列多媒体艺术作品,通常以挑衅行为的形式使用所谓的Schweinvocabular(“肮脏的词汇”):假暴力、粗俗、露露的性行为、亵渎国家和教会的象征等。这种美学的目的不是无聊的挑衅;这是第一代战后艺术家的艺术手段,他们亲身经历了第二次世界大战的恐怖和第一次世界大战的影响,回应了去纳粹化的缺乏和奥地利社会的内部冲突。本文将提出的论点是,将该团体命名为“维也纳行动主义”可能不是源于名词“行动”,而是指行为心理学中目前被称为“感觉运动行动主义”的一种说法,它起源于20世纪初,强调行动主义者在年轻时经历的创伤(痛苦、痛苦、失去亲人、大规模谋杀等)的身体和表演应对;感觉行动主义是对社会创伤的艺术反应的隐喻。因此,在个人和社会文化层面上,行动主义者的主要动力之一是战争创伤。他们采用的美学手段是基于当时治疗创伤的实际方法。行动派用令人厌恶的“图像”来呈现战争的恐怖,“强迫”观众去面对它们,如果可能的话,通过社会宣泄,使戏剧恢复其在古典雅典城邦社会中所具有的仪式功能。
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引用次数: 0
Tichá přátelství: Vladimír Fuka, Eva Fuková, Jiří Kolář, Zdeněk Urbánek, Jan Rychlík, Kamil Lhoták, Josef Schwarz-Červinka, Jan Hanč a Emanuel Frynta
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.7
Anna Strnadlová
The period after February 1948 meant great change for the cultural sphere in Czechoslovakia. The art groups and clubs were dissolved; artists who did not want to squeeze into the limits of socialist realism had no choice other than to close themselves in the privacy of their homes and studios. However, after 1950, a group of friends formed around Jiří Kolář in Prague, having shared the same views on political and cultural development and, despite various artistic orientations, captured everyday experience in pictures or texts. This article focuses on the friendship of Jiří Kolář, Vladimír Fuka, Eva Fuka, Zdeněk Urbánek, Jan Rychlík, Kamil Lhoták, Jan Hanč, Josef Schwarz-Červinka, Emanuel Frynta, and others, and tries to portray this period of time, their mutual inspirations and relationships, and especially the extremely creative atmosphere, which was originated in this friendly circle. This thesis is based on diary entries, drawings, collages, poems, and literary texts which they created together and for each other in this unique, free, and inspiring environment.
1948年2月以后,捷克斯洛伐克的文化领域发生了巨大变化。艺术团体和俱乐部解散了;那些不想被社会主义现实主义束缚的艺术家们别无选择,只能把自己关在家里和工作室里。然而,1950年后,一群朋友在布拉格的Jiří Kolář周围形成,他们对政治和文化发展有着相同的看法,尽管艺术取向不同,但他们用图片或文字捕捉日常经验。本文以Jiří Kolář, Vladimír Fuka, Eva Fuka, zden k Urbánek, Jan Rychlík, Kamil Lhoták, Jan hannik, Josef Schwarz-Červinka, Emanuel Frynta等人的友谊为重点,试图描绘这段时间,他们相互的灵感和关系,尤其是在这个友好的圈子里产生的极具创造性的氛围。这篇论文是基于他们在这个独特、自由、鼓舞人心的环境中共同创作的日记、绘画、拼贴画、诗歌和文学文本。
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引用次数: 0
Rozumění bolesti druhého člověka mezi hermeneutikou a zrcadlovými neurony 在诠释学和镜像神经元之间理解他人的痛苦
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.15
Jan Šteffl
This article focuses on the concepts of pain at different times and in different disciplines. It presents approaches to understanding both within hermeneutics and in the field of ethics. These points are further connected, which shows us how through empathy we can understand the pain of another person, but also his emotions. The aim of the article is to present not only different approaches, but also a common interest, namely a common interest in another person, to show how different fields in this field can be connected. Both neurology and philosophy are reflected in the mentioned approaches. Among the philosophers, for example, the approaches of Descartes, Foucault, Habermas or Smith are reflected.
本文关注的是不同时期和不同学科的疼痛概念。它提出了在解释学和伦理学领域中理解的方法。这些点进一步联系在一起,这向我们展示了如何通过同理心,我们可以理解另一个人的痛苦,也可以理解他的情绪。这篇文章的目的不仅是展示不同的方法,而且还有一个共同的兴趣,即对另一个人的共同兴趣,来展示这个领域的不同领域是如何联系起来的。神经学和哲学都反映在上述方法中。在哲学家中,例如,笛卡尔,福柯,哈贝马斯或史密斯的方法得到了反映。
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引用次数: 0
Genderové kontexty tvorby Běly Kolářové
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.10
Eliška Špálová
This thesis studies the work of artist Běla Kolářová in the context of gender. This aspect of her work has not been fully analysed yet. Although often being associated with the socalled ‘female essence’, Kolářová’s work is very diverse in terms of style and content. While she works predominantly with everyday objects which have traditionally been connected to women’s activities such as sewing, cooking or applying make-up, she also uses tools as well as gender neutral objects in her material assemblages. This thesis deals with the diverse nature of Kolářová’s work and argues against the one-dimensional view that her work only addresses an antiquated image of feminine character
本文在性别语境下研究艺术家brunla Kolářová的作品。她工作的这一方面还没有得到充分的分析。虽然经常与所谓的“女性本质”联系在一起,Kolářová的作品在风格和内容方面非常多样化。虽然她主要使用传统上与女性活动相关的日常物品,如缝纫、烹饪或化妆,但她也在材料组合中使用工具和中性物品。本文论述了Kolářová作品的多样性,并反驳了片面地认为她的作品只表现了一个陈旧的女性形象的观点
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引用次数: 0
Sochařská dílna rodiny Kitzingerů v Milešově
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.4
Kryštof Loub
This article aims to introduce and intestigate the Kitzinger family of sculptors, who created sculpture art in Litoměřice, Milešov, Děčín and other places. Based on both archival sources and critical view at their art in Milešov, we can see in much clearer shapes how this family, including father Abrahám (I.) and two sons Mikuláš and Abrahám (II.) Felix, operated in this region for decades between 40s to 80s of 17th century. Until nowadays we can observe their work in both Milešov castle and parish church, Litoměřice Plague Column and Děčín Castle Garden. From these preserved works it is clear that they not only represented the style of leading Prague sculptor Johann Georg Bendl, but according to author’s opinion the father or also both his sons precised their skills in one of the Saxony sculptor families such as the Böhme family, Christoph Dehne or the Walther family. Next to the wide range of different commissions and high social status of their patrons and commissioners what is even more fascinating is the time, when these works were created, i. e. 70–80’s 17th century, when they appeared on the regional scene with highly advanced style, which can be by its quality compareable only within whole Czech Kigdom, if so.
本文旨在介绍和考察在Litoměřice、Milešov、Děčín等地创作雕塑艺术的雕塑家基钦格家族。根据档案资料和对他们在Milešov的艺术的批判观点,我们可以更清楚地看到这个家庭,包括父亲Abrahám (i)和两个儿子Mikuláš和Abrahám (II)。费利克斯,17世纪40到80年代在这个地区经营了几十年。直到今天,我们还可以在Milešov城堡和教区教堂、Litoměřice瘟疫柱和Děčín城堡花园看到他们的作品。从这些保存下来的作品中可以清楚地看出,它们不仅代表了布拉格著名雕塑家约翰·格奥尔格·本德尔的风格,而且根据作者的观点,父亲或他的两个儿子都在萨克森雕塑家的一个家庭中精确地掌握了他们的技能,如Böhme家族,Christoph Dehne或Walther家族。除了各种不同的委员会和他们的赞助人和委员的高社会地位之外,更令人着迷的是这些作品创作的时间,即17世纪70-80年代,当它们以高度先进的风格出现在区域场景中时,如果是这样的话,它的质量只能在整个捷克王国内进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Tapiserie nebo nové umění? Proměny československé tapiserie v průběhu šedesátých let
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.9
Veronika Soukupová
The paper is a part of bachelor’s thesis entitled Tendencies Towards Pictorial Expressions in the 1960s Czechoslovak Textile Art. It deals with Czechoslovak textile art of the 1960s with a focus on woven tapestry. Against the background of the work of individual artists and contemporary theoretical reflections, it follows the parallels between the tendencies of fine art and textile art and the ever-increasing autonomy of textile expression related to the authors’ creative approach and the abandonment of the principles of applied art or decorative art. The work deals with artist-creator tapestry, also referred to as art fabric or new tapestry, as a distinctive artistic expression, which is based on one’s feelings, responds to external stimuli, and naturally becomes a part of the structure of fine art. It also deals with the issue of its categorization and terminology, which has proved to be problematic in these circumstances. The reassessment of the current view of the field of tapestry forms an important part of contemporary theoretical discourse.
这篇论文是学士论文《1960年代捷克斯洛伐克纺织艺术的绘画表现倾向》的一部分。它涉及20世纪60年代的捷克斯洛伐克纺织艺术,重点是编织挂毯。在艺术家个人作品和当代理论反思的背景下,它遵循了美术和纺织艺术的趋势以及与作者的创作方法有关的纺织品表达日益增加的自主性和对应用艺术或装饰艺术原则的放弃之间的相似之处。作品涉及艺术家-创造者挂毯,也被称为艺术织物或新挂毯,作为一种独特的艺术表现形式,它基于自己的感受,对外界刺激做出反应,自然成为美术结构的一部分。它还涉及其分类和术语的问题,在这种情况下,这已证明是有问题的。对织锦领域当前观点的重新评估构成了当代理论话语的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Scénografie v počátcích Divadla D D 剧场早期的布景设计
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.6
Pavla Vojtová
The study is focused on work and cooperation of five young stage designers/architects with director E. F. Burian in the avant-garde theatre of Divadlo D in its beginnings in early 1930s, namely César Grimmich, Miroslav Kouřil, Jiří Novotný, Karel Poličanský, and Josef Raban, and then mainly the trio KNR. The main part depands on presentation theirs working methods and themes, which reflect new techniques of visual art, focused on light experiments, photography, film and raw materials. Their methods are also confronted with work and experiments of László Moholy-Nagy
研究的重点是在20世纪30年代早期,在Divadlo D的前卫剧院中,五位年轻的舞台设计师/建筑师与导演e.f. Burian的工作和合作,即c萨·格里米希、米罗斯拉夫Kouřil、Jiří Novotný、卡雷尔Poličanský和约瑟夫·拉班,然后主要是三人KNR。主要的部分是展示,他们的工作方法和主题,反映了视觉艺术的新技术,集中在光实验,摄影,电影和原材料。他们的方法也面临着László Moholy-Nagy的工作和实验
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引用次数: 0
Krutost jako umělecký princip
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.11
Tereza Havelková
The concept of cruelty as an artistic principle touches on the problem of violence, bodily presence and physical expression in art. By examining this aspect in the art and texts of four important figures of Western modern culture I attempt to cover a small part of this topic, which points to the existential crisis experienced around the World War II. I would like to suggest that the cruelty reflected in their texts and paintings, which is often associated with the symbol of sacrifice, exposes something fundamental about the modern man. On these four examples I will show how the way of thinking about the violence and cruelty in art shifted after the experience of war
残忍作为一种艺术原则的概念涉及到艺术中的暴力、身体存在和身体表达问题。通过研究西方现代文化中四位重要人物的艺术和文本中的这一方面,我试图涵盖这个主题的一小部分,它指出了第二次世界大战前后经历的生存危机。我想说的是,他们的文字和绘画中所反映的残忍,往往与牺牲的象征联系在一起,暴露了现代人的一些基本问题。通过这四个例子,我将展示在经历了战争之后,对艺术中暴力和残酷的思考方式是如何转变的
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引用次数: 0
Intermedialita kaligrafických inspirací v poválečném umění a filosofickém diskursu
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.8
Petra Polláková
In this study, based on my dissertation thesis, I focus on the issues of circulation and various methods of appropriating calligraphic practices within the framework of transnational art history, predominantly in the context of the post-war European and North American art scenes. Due to the multi-layered and intermedia nature of the topic of calligraphic inspirations, I have chosen the motif of the circle as a certain unifying element, through which I attempt to reflect the given issue within two distinct circles. The first topic is the examination of the possibilities of artistic or philosophical expression of the ontological meaning of corporeality and the circularity of the body in the process of creation. The circle also reflects the issue of periodic renewal and regeneration of mythical and historical time. I examine the issue of the cyclical nature of time in the context of post-war art, when the necessity of a new beginning arose, which would not only enable a deeper intercultural dialogue, but also strengthen the need to re-examine the original artistic roots and sources.
在本研究中,基于我的毕业论文,我主要在战后欧洲和北美艺术场景的背景下,在跨国艺术史的框架内关注书法实践的流通问题和各种挪用方法。由于书法灵感这一主题的多层性和中间性,我选择了圆形的主题作为某种统一的元素,试图通过它在两个不同的圆圈中反映给定的问题。第一个主题是考察在创作过程中形体的本体论意义和身体的圆形的艺术或哲学表达的可能性。这个循环也反映了神话和历史时间的周期性更新和再生问题。我在战后艺术的背景下审视了时间的周期性问题,当一个新的开始的必要性出现时,这不仅可以实现更深层次的跨文化对话,而且还加强了重新审视原始艺术根源和来源的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
„Mít oči k vidění i k pláči“ aneb jak tlumočit bolest minulosti
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.14712/24647055.2023.13
Josef Řídký
The text deals with possible approaches towards the representation of pain in architecture, especially among monuments and memorials. Pain is approached as a historical event, having its own orientation towards the past, present, and future. Conceived as such, pain can also stand for our (collective) memory. While the dominant mode of representation consists of straightforwardly reminding people of past traumas, a strategy that can easily be weaponized for a political agenda and is still harder to experience authentically, a new generation of monuments takes different approach: instead of relying on historical context and an a priori knowledge, it mediates the experience of pain as such.
本文探讨了在建筑中表达痛苦的可能方法,特别是在纪念碑和纪念馆中。痛苦被视为一个历史事件,对过去、现在和未来都有自己的定位。这样看来,痛苦也可以代表我们的(集体)记忆。虽然主要的表现方式是直接提醒人们过去的创伤,这是一种很容易被政治议程武器化的策略,而且更难以真实地体验,但新一代的纪念碑采取了不同的方法:它不是依赖于历史背景和先验知识,而是调解痛苦的体验。
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引用次数: 0
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AUC PHILOSOPHICA ET HISTORICA
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