Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

Background: Partial extraction technique is a method of immediate implant placement, wherein the segment of root is retained in the socket to establish a continuous blood supply and prevent resorption of buccal bundle bone. This study was designed to compare and evaluate implant stability and esthetics by partial extraction therapy (PET) and immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior region.

Materials and methods: A total of 10 sites were included in the study and divided into two groups; the test group (PET) and the control group (immediate implant). The primary parameters assessed were implant stability, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; pink esthetic (PE) score, evaluated immediately, 3^rd month and at 6^th month; and cone-beam computed tomography for evaluating ridge width postoperatively and at the end of 6 months. The secondary parameters such as the Visual Analog Scale were assessed at the end of 24 h of surgical procedure; the sulcular bleeding index was evaluated at the 3^rd month and 6^th month; peri-implant probing depth was evaluated at the end of the 3^rd month and 6^th month.

Results: At the end of the 6^th month, the test group (PET) showed improvement in implant stability, PEs, and ridge width than the control group (immediate implant placement). However, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Implant placement by PET, serves as a dependable technique for preserving and maintaining alveolar bone and PEs as the retained root fragment within the socket prevents buccal bundle bone from resorption.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access (VISTA) technique over other root coverage (RC) procedures for treating Millers Class I and II multiple adjacent gingival recession defects (MAGRD).

Methods: Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome question was established, and a literature review was carried out across PubMed, Cochrane Libraries, EMBASE, and hand-searched journals till April 2023 to identify the clinical research on the effectiveness of the VISTA Technique for RC procedures. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were considered. The outcomes assessed were complete RC (CRC), width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival thickness.

Results: A total of 30 articles were retrieved and ultimately 7 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were incorporated into the systematic review. VISTA with biomaterials showed significant improvements in all the treatment outcomes over other RC procedures. Specifically, VISTA + subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG)/CTG achieved an average CRC of 93.95%, along with significant increase in other parameters. In addition, biomaterials such as platelet concentrates, collagen membrane, Bioguide enhanced GEM21S, and Acellular dermal matrix proved viable alternatives producing similar outcomes.

Conclusion: VISTA technique is an effective procedure for treating MAGRD in terms of achieving CRC over other RC procedures. In addition, the use of biomaterials further enhances the treatment outcomes.

Background: The genus Prevotella comprising over 50 identified species is a normal commensal of the oral cavity. The commonly studied species are Prevotella intermedia (PI) and Prevotella nigrescens (PN). The molecular technique, used for isolating and identifying these species, requires specialized equipment, making them not feasible in a standard laboratory. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) can be performed in routine laboratory and is economical and less time-consuming. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate, identify, and quantify PI and PN from subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy individuals through CISH.

Materials and methods: A total of 100 individuals in the age group of 20-70 years (50 CP and 50 healthy individuals) were considered. Detailed demographic data were obtained from both the groups. Subgingival plaque was collected from the individuals and transferred to reduced transport media and sent to the laboratory for CISH staining. The samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and then smeared on gelatin-coated slides. The slides were stained using a specific oligonucleotide probe for PI and PN and then subjected to streptavidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. The slides were analyzed for bacilli under a light microscope at ×100 magnification for identification and quantification.

Results: The number of positive cases for PI was higher in CP (54%) compared to healthy (46%), whereas in PN, the number of positive cases was higher in healthy (66%) compared to CP (54%). When grades of periodontitis were considered, a number of positive cases were higher in percentage with an increase in grade of periodontitis. Quantification of the bacilli showed a mean score of 23 and 33 for PI and PN, respectively, in the healthy group, and a score of 27 for both PI and PN in the CP group.

Conclusion: PI appears to have a role in CP when compared to PN based on the quantification of the bacilli in healthy subjects, which showed a decreased PI score and increased PN score. CISH appears to be one of the promising diagnostic tools for the identification of oral bacteria, as it is simple, less time-consuming, accurate, and specific for the identification of microbes.

Background: In comparison with perfectly machined surface implants, surface topographic modifications like roughness accelerate the osteogenesis of dental pulpal stem cells (DPSC). This greatly enhances bone-implant contact and osteogenic potential of the stem cells. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate and compare the differentiation and proliferation potential of stem cells obtained from dental pulp on sand-blasted and acid etched implant discs surfaces.

Materials and methods: Stem cells from dental pulp were extracted from the premolar region of oral cavity. Titanium discs that measured one centimeter in diameter and three millimetres in thickness were used as investigation surfaces. Titanium surface disc were acid etched and sandblasted. Investigation had three group: acid etched (Group A), sandblasted (Group B), and standard control group, i.e., cells treated with osteogenic induction media only (Group C). In Group C, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were treated with osteogenic induction medium without any titanium disc and these cells were used as standard controls. To identify which modified implant surface had greater potential for proliferation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed using the explant culture. MTT assay assessed the viability of the cells as a function of its redox potential. This was followed by recognition of the stem cells for CD90, CD73, and CD 105 markers using flow cytometry with RUNX2 antibody on days 7 and 21 of incubation. The isolated cells were stained using 1% alizarin red stain to identify the number of stem cells per square centimeter area under the light microscope.

Results: The osteogenic differentiation of both the materials was compared with standard control (MSCs treated with osteogenic differentiation media only). The osteoblastic cells on the acid-etched and sand-blasted implant surface disc had an almost identical capacity for proliferation till the MTT assay but according to the results of the alizarin red staining there was a slightly higher proliferation potential on acid etched surfaces compared to the sand blasted surfaces. Therefore, acid etched surfaces showed higher potential of osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs compared with sand-blasted surfaces.

Conclusion: In comparison with perfectly machined surface implants, topographic surface modifications such as roughness can accelerate the osteogenesis of DPSC in vitro.

Background and objectives: Various guided tissue regenerative procedures have been used in treatment of furcation defects. A combination of various graft materials and barrier membranes have been used over a period of time. The present study was designed to test whether autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can be effectively used as a barrier membrane along with porous hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft in the treatment of Grade II furcation defects.

Materials and methods: The present study was a split-mouth design, in which a total of thirty patients with bilateral grade II furcation defects in the mandibular molars were selected. On the control side, the furcation defect was treated using only HA bone graft and in the test side, the furcation defect was treated using a combination of HA bone graft and PRF as barrier membrane. The clinical and radiological parameters were recorded presurgically, postsurgical at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and the results were statistically analyzed and compared.

Results: The furcation defects treated in the test side showed better healing and bone fill when compared to control side. The clinical parameters of the test and control sides when compared were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: PRF can be effectively used as barrier membrane along with a graft material thus enhancing the regenerative potential of the graft material while regenerating the lost periodontal tissue in Grade II furcation defects.

Background: Dental implants in fresh extraction sockets of the maxillary esthetic area are technique-sensitive procedures where retaining a buccal root segment can enhance periodontium preservation and esthetics. This study aims to compare marginal bone levels and esthetic outcomes between conventional immediate implant placement and the socket-shield technique in fresh maxillary extraction sockets.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four patients with type 1 extraction sockets were included in this randomized trial and assigned to either conventional immediate implant placement or the socket-shield technique. Implant survival, crestal bone levels, and pink esthetic scores (PES) were evaluated at 8 months (temporary prosthesis), 12 months, and 36 months (final crowns).

Results: All implant-supported restorations were successful within the study's observation period. The socket-shield technique showed significantly lower marginal bone loss (e.g. 1.40 ± 0.29 mm vs. 1.70 ± 0.36 mm at 36 months; P = 0.040) and superior PES (e.g., 10.50 ± 0.90 vs. 9.36 ± 0.98 at 36 months; P = 0.008) compared to the conventional technique. However, the technique's complexity underscores the need for expertise and careful execution to optimize tissue preservation in the maxillary esthetic zone.

Conclusion: The socket-shield technique better preserves hard and soft tissues around implant-retained prostheses than conventional implant placement in maxillary esthetic regions. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are required to validate these findings.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that serves as a periodontal pathogen and plays a key role in linking Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within the periodontal biofilm. It was shown that Fusobacterium produces significant amounts of butyric acid, which is a great source of energy for anti-inflammatory cells. On the other hand, it is associated with the destruction of periodontal structures. This bacterium can enter the blood circulation as a result of periodontal infection. It could cause numerous conditions such as halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. The present review discusses the virulence mechanisms involved in the diseases, with emphasis on its colonization, systemic dissemination, and induction of host inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. This would motivate future research on the role of this bacterium on periodontal pathology as well as its influence on the evolution of systemic diseases.

Periodontal bone defects pose significant challenges in dentistry, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This case report explores the regenerative potential of using a combination of particulate dentin graft (PDG) derived from extracted teeth and recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) as bone graft material for the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects. A 44-year-old male patient presented with a 9 mm pocket probing depth (PPD) and an 8 mm infrabony defect depth mesial to #13, with no gingival recession (GR). Following Phase I therapy, open flap debridement and grafting with PDG and rhPDGF were performed. Clinical and radiographic measurements were taken at baseline and 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, a 6 mm reduction in PPD and clinical attachment level gain were observed with no GR. 5 mm (83.33%) bone fill was seen radiographically. Within the limitations of this case report, the utilization of PDG with rhPDGF for the treatment of infrabony periodontal defects has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy.

Objectives: This review was conducted to assess and compare whether there is a difference in response to adjunctive systemic and locally delivered antibiotics along with nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of peri-implantitis (PI) and chronic periodontitis (CP).

Materials and methods: A systematic search of literature on the predefined criteria was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and microbial load reduction were selected as primary outcomes, whereas plaque index and gingival index were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Standard Cochrane risk-of-bias tools were used for the quality assessment of the included studies, and a qualitative data synthesis was conducted owing to the observed heterogeneity of the extracted data.

Results: Adjunctive systemic and local antibiotics with NSPT resulted in additional beneficial effects in cases of both CP and PI, with greater improvement observed in cases of CP as compared to PI. Even for treatment of PI, among local antibiotics, minocycline was the only antibiotic with some significant adjunctive benefits, when used with NSPT as documented.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the review, it is concluded that the adjunctive use of antibiotics with NSPT offers a beneficial effect in the management of both CP and PI; however, there is insufficient direct evidence regarding the comparative efficacy of the adjunctive antibiotic therapy along with NSPT for the treatment of PI and CP.