Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology最新文献

Oral squamous cell papilloma is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium, associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical manifestation includes papillary or verrucous exophytic mass. Complete excision of the lesion, including normal margins, followed by histopathological examination is the treatment of choice. However, mucogingival defect may be observed after excision of the lesion, requiring management by perioplastic surgery. In this report, a 27-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history reported multiple sessile growths on his gingiva. The masses were located in the left maxillary canine and mandibular premolar regions, exhibiting finger-like projections with white and pink surface color. The lesions were removed by excisional biopsy and submitted for histopathologic examination. After excision, type II noncervical carious lesions (NCCLs) became exposed that were previously covered by papilloma outgrowths. Miller's class I/RT1 recession defects that were present were managed by vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) in concert with amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) with 24 months' follow-up. In this case report, mucogingival defects that resulted after the excision of multiple gingival squamous cell papillomas were managed by VISTA in concert with ACM. A favorable outcome was achieved that was stable during the 24-month follow-up.

Background: Mechanical therapy along with adjunctive therapy, using agents like chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash helps to disrupt the plaque biofilm. Recently, herbs with medicinal value have been tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to assess the anti-biofilm activity of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius against some periodontal pathogens in an artificially synthesized dental biofilm.

Materials and methods: The aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was constituted and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against standard strains of some periodontal pathogens was determined. A total of 21 biofilm samples were synthesized on extracted teeth and microtiter plates, and these were divided into two groups of 10 samples each. One group was treated with the predetermined MIC values of A. paeoniifolius, while the other group was treated with chlorhexidine. The anti-biofilm activity of both compounds was assessed by calculating colony-forming units (CFUs) for the extracted teeth and optical density (OD) values for the microtiter plates.

Results: The mean CFU at baseline was 55,000/μl while posttreatment with chlorhexidine digluconate and aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was 23,280 ± 5274.00 and 28,560 ± 4509.545/μl, respectively. The mean OD value (at 595 nm) posttreatment with chlorhexidine digluconate was 0.9876 ± 0.49179 and A. paeoniifolius was 1.4990 ± 0.37851. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm obtained on microtiter plates and the one constituted on extracted teeth.

Conclusion: Anti-biofilm activity of aqueous extract of A. paeoniifolius was appreciable and also comparable to that of chlorhexidine digluconate, both on extracted teeth and microtiter plates.

Background: Diode laser is known for its biostimulatory effects on various cell populations such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The usage of low-level laser therapy for photobiomodulation depends on its type, emission wavelength, and energy selected. Previously performed in vitro studies have determined its effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity; however, the results were inconsistent.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare diode laser effect on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) for proliferation and cytotoxicity.

Materials and methods: 32 samples, 16 wells of MEF cells (Group I) and HGF cells (Group II) each with 8 subgroups containing control (no laser irradiation) and experimental (laser irradiated) groups were cultured after being seeded at 4000 cells/ well with 4cm inter-well distance. Experimental group cell cultures were irradiated with a single dose of 810 nm diode laser (energy 1J/cm², 12.5 mW, 80 s/well) using continuous wave mode after 1 day of incubation. Spectrophotometric analysis was done after 24 h of laser irradiation for cell proliferation and cell cytotoxicity on the 2^nd, 3^rd, and 7^th days on all groups.

Results: Human and mouse fibroblast groups showed positive results when irradiated with an 810 nm laser. A hundred percent proliferation was seen for MEF in 7 days and HGF in 2 days. Two percent cytotoxicity was seen on the 2^nd and 3^rd day in MEF. Increased cell proliferation and minimal cytotoxic effects were seen with diode laser usage.

Conclusion: Low-level laser irradiation indicates an increase in cell proliferation with less cytotoxicity on mouse and human fibroblasts.

Objectives: Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and the envelope technique with SCTG in Miller's Class I recession utilizing soft tissue-cone-beam computed tomography (ST-CBCT) and root coverage esthetic score (RES).

Materials and methods: Twenty patients were randomly assigned to Group I (CAF + SCTG) and Group II (envelope technique + SCTG) using the coin toss method, with 10 patients in each group. Recession height (RH) and width (RW), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue height (HKT) were assessed at baseline and 6 months. The thickness of keratinized tissue (TKT) using transgingival probing (TGP) and ST-CBCT and the RES were recorded at the 6^th month.

Results: On intragroup comparison, statistically significant difference was seen in the clinical parameters RH, RW, PD, CAL, and HKT, whereas on intergroup comparison, no significant difference was seen at baseline and 6 months. TKT was statistically significant at 6 months between the groups using TGP (P = 0.01) and ST-CBCT (P = 0.01). No statistical difference was seen between the methods in Group 1 (P = 0.61) and Group 2 (P = 0.62). No statistical significance was seen in the RES score (P = 0.10).

Conclusion: The study indicates the effectiveness of both the techniques, with the envelope technique demonstrating superior esthetics. Moreover, the research highlights the significance of ST-CBCT as an emerging alternative tool for assessing gingival dimensions.

Background: To assess the validity of time trade-off (TTO) and standard gamble (SG) techniques of utility valuation among patients with periodontal problems by assessing their relation to two logical constructs; Gingival Index (GI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) Questionnaire.

Materials and methods: Two hundred and one patients aged 18 years old and above, who visited a tertiary care hospital for treatment/consultation were included. A questionnaire was administered to record the TTO, SG, and OHIP. GI, measuring the severity of the disease, was recorded. Bivariate and backward multiple regression analyses were done to find an association between the oral health utility values, OHIP, and the variables of interest (demographic and clinical characteristics including GI).

Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the TTO and SG utilities (P < 0.05) as the severity of the disease progressed from mild to severe. GI, as well as OHIP scores, were significant predictors in the case of both the TTO as well as SG (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: TTO and SG utilities were found to be valid and correlated well with clinical findings. Health utilities serve as useful and reliable markers of health-related quality of life among individuals as well as communities.

Background: The current study was planned to evaluate the accuracy of dental implant placement with two different types of surgical guides: Thermoplastic and three-dimensional (3D) printed.

Materials and methods: A total of 32 implants were placed in 20 healthy, partially dentate individuals with an isolated single missing tooth. The implant sites were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: Group A (thermoplastic implant surgical guide, n = 16 implants) and Group B (3D printed implant surgical guide, n = 16 implants). All the cases in both groups were digitally planned according to a defined protocol, and a comparison of the planned and actual implant positions was performed using the medical image analysis software. The differences in the outcome variables, i.e., angular deviation (AD), 3D error at the entry, 3D error at the apex (3D EA), vertical deviation (VD), and composite deviation, were statistically analyzed.

Results: All the outcome variables showed improvements, but statistically significant improvement was shown by AD (P = 0.005), 3D EA (P = 0.01), and VD (P = 0.007). The mean and standard deviation (SD) for AD, (3D EA), and VD were 5.58° ±1.93°, 0.96 ± 0.32 mm, and 0.58 ± 0.36 mm, respectively, for group A. The mean and SD for AD, (3D EA), and VD were 3.94° ± 0.64°, 0.64 ± 0.35 mm, and 0.29 ± 0.13 mm, respectively, for group B (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, dental implants placed using 3D-printed surgical guides were positioned clinically with greater accuracy, and fewer deviations were observed from their presurgical planned positions as compared to the thermoplastic surgical guides.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine that is used for the assessment of treatment efficacy in periodontitis. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Stage III-IV (severe) periodontitis-induced local IL-1β. This review study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024522546). Electronic and manual search of the literature was conducted in four databases for English articles from the first record up until June 30, 2022 comparing the effects of aPDT versus conventional scaling and root planing on IL-1β levels at different follow-up times. The mean gingival crevicular fluid level of IL-1β with 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled using the random effect model. The I ² statistics were applied to analyze the heterogeneity of the findings. The risk of bias (RoB) was analyzed using the revised Cochrane RoB. Analysis of 11 retrieved studies revealed that after the application of aPDT, a significant reduction in IL-1β level occurred at 1-2 (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.29, 95% CI: -0.57-1.15; P = 0.0002), 4-6 (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: -0.36-1.42; P < 00001), and 12-13 (SMD: 1.04; 95% CI: -0.22-2.3; P < 0.00001) follow-up weeks. The application of aPDT can serve as an effective adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Stage III-IV periodontitis. Although the results of this meta-analysis showed that increasing the session frequency of aPDT had a higher effect size, further studies without the limitations of the existing studies are required to confirm the present results.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized chronic kidney disease as the 12^th and 17^th leading cause of death and disability in the world, respectively. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing dialysis are also often prone to gingival and periodontal tissue inflammation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare periodontal status among dialysis patients with age- and gender-matched controls in Hyderabad City, India.

Materials and methods: Cases (n = 165) included people who had been diagnosed with ESRD, while controls (n = 165) were subjects accompanying cases who were matched for age and gender. The oral hygiene behavior (OHB) was assessed using the OHB Index developed by Buunk et al. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index modified and loss of attachment (LOA) based on the modified WHO criteria 2013.

Results: Significantly higher means of OHB were seen among cases. Higher means of bleeding, pocket depth (PD), and LOA were seen with increasing age among males, low level of education, and presence of systemic condition among both cases and controls. The mean number of teeth with pocket depth (PD) >4 mm and the mean number of sextants with LOA >3 mm were significantly higher among cases than controls. At the same time, the gingival bleeding was significantly higher among controls. Regression analysis revealed that subjects who underwent dialysis (cases) and the presence of the systemic condition were only the significant predictors for the presence of periodontal disease.

Conclusion: The study concludes that patients undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to periodontal diseases, which are again influenced by systemic conditions.